hp 49g+/ hp 48gII graphing calculator advanced user's reference manual H Edition 1.1 HP part number F2228-90010 Printed Date: 2006/3/20 Notice REGISTER YOUR PRODUCT AT: www.register.hp.com THIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MANUAL OR THE EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN. © Copyright 1993-1998, 2005, 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of HewlettPackard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Hewlett-Packard Company 4995 Murphy Canyon Rd, Suite 301 San Diego, CA 92123 Acknowledgements Hewlett-Packard would like to thank the following for their contribution: Gene Wright, Tony Hutchins, Wlodek Mier-Jedrzejowicz, Jordi Hidalgo, Ted Kerber, Joe Horn, Richard Nelson, Bruce Horrocks and Jake Schwartz. Printing History Edition 1 September 2005 Edition 1.1 March 2006 Contents Contents........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1. RPL Programming................................................................................................................................................................. 1-1 Understanding Programming .............................................................................................................................................1-1 The Contents of a Program ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Calculations in a Program ........................................................................................................................................... 1-2 Entering and Executing Programs......................................................................................................................................1-3 Viewing and Editing Programs ..........................................................................................................................................1-6 Creating Programs on a Computer .....................................................................................................................................1-7 Using Local Variables........................................................................................................................................................1-7 Creating Local Variables............................................................................................................................................. 1-7 Evaluating Local Names ............................................................................................................................................. 1-8 Defining the Scope of Local Variables ....................................................................................................................... 1-9 Compiled Local Variables......................................................................................................................................... 1-10 Creating User-Defined Functions as Programs......................................................................................................... 1-10 Using Tests and Conditional Structures ...........................................................................................................................1-11 Testing Conditions .................................................................................................................................................... 1-11 Using Conditional Structures and Commands .......................................................................................................... 1-13 Using Loop Structures......................................................................................................................................................1-17 Using Definite Loop Structures ................................................................................................................................ 1-17 Using Indefinite Loop Structures .............................................................................................................................. 1-21 Using Loop Counters ................................................................................................................................................ 1-24 Using Summations Instead of Loops ........................................................................................................................ 1-25 Using Flags.......................................................................................................................................................................1-25 Types of Flags........................................................................................................................................................... 1-26 Setting, Clearing, and Testing Flags ......................................................................................................................... 1-26 Recalling and Storing the Flag States ....................................................................................................................... 1-27 Using Subroutines ............................................................................................................................................................1-28 Single-Stepping through a Program .................................................................................................................................1-29 Trapping Errors ................................................................................................................................................................1-32 Causing and Analyzing Errors .................................................................................................................................. 1-32 Making an Error Trap ............................................................................................................................................... 1-33 Input .................................................................................................................................................................................1-35 Data Input Commands............................................................................................................................................... 1-35 Using PROMPT ... CONT for Input ........................................................................................................................ 1-35 Using DISP FREEZE HALT ... CONT for Input .................................................................................................... 1-37 Using INPUT ... ENTER for Input .......................................................................................................................... 1-38 Using INFORM and CHOOSE for Input.................................................................................................................. 1-42 Beeping to Get Attention .......................................................................................................................................... 1-45 Stopping a Program for Keystroke Input .........................................................................................................................1-46 Using WAIT for Keystroke Input ............................................................................................................................. 1-46 Using KEY for Keystroke Input ............................................................................................................................... 1-46 Output ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1-46 Data Output Commands............................................................................................................................................ 1-47 Labeling Output with Tags ....................................................................................................................................... 1-47 Labeling and Displaying Output as Strings .............................................................................................................. 1-48 Pausing to Display Output ........................................................................................................................................ 1-48 Using MSGBOX to Display Output ......................................................................................................................... 1-49 Using Menus with Programs ............................................................................................................................................1-49 Using Menus for Input .............................................................................................................................................. 1-50 Using Menus to Run Programs ................................................................................................................................. 1-50 Turning Off the hp49g+/hp48gII from a Program ...........................................................................................................1-52 2. RPL Programming Examples ................................................................................................................................................ 2-1 Fibonacci Numbers ............................................................................................................................................................2-1 Contents -1 FIB1 (Fibonacci Numbers, Recursive Version).......................................................................................................... 2-1 FIB2 (Fibonacci Numbers, Loop Version) ................................................................................................................. 2-2 FIBT (Comparing Program-Execution Time)............................................................................................................. 2-3 Displaying a Binary Integer ............................................................................................................................................... 2-5 PAD (Pad with Leading Spaces) ................................................................................................................................ 2-5 PRESERVE (Save and Restore Previous Status) ....................................................................................................... 2-6 BDISP (Binary Display) ............................................................................................................................................. 2-7 Median of Statistics Data ................................................................................................................................................. 2-10 %TILE (Percentile of a list)...................................................................................................................................... 2-10 MEDIAN (Median of Statistics Data) ...................................................................................................................... 2-11 Expanding and Collecting Completely ............................................................................................................................ 2-14 MULTI (Multiple Execution) ................................................................................................................................... 2-14 EXCO (Expand and Collect Completely)................................................................................................................. 2-15 Minimum and Maximum Array Elements ....................................................................................................................... 2-16 MNX (Minimum or Maximum Element--Version 1).............................................................................................. 2-16 MNX2 (Minimum or Maximum Element- Version 2).............................................................................................. 2-18 Applying a Program to an Array.............................................................................................................................. ...