Logic Pro 7 Reference Manual Apple Computer, Inc. © 2004 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software licence agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the "keyboard" Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple Computer, Inc. is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 408-996-1010 www.apple.com Apple, the Apple logo, Aqua, Final Cut, Final Cut Pro, FireWire, iBook, iMac, iPod, iTunes, Logic, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, PowerBook, Power Mac, Power Macintosh, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder and GarageBand are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Computer, Inc. Helvetica is a registered trademark of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, available from Linotype Library GmbH. Other company and product names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective companies. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. 1 Contents Preface 9 9 10 13 13 14 16 21 34 36 39 44 52 57 59 70 72 77 78 80 85 85 97 100 102 106 109 109 110 120 121 Logic Reference What Is Logic? About this Manual Using Logic Using the Mouse Input Options Tools and the Toolbox Window Functions Edit Operations Selection Techniques General Functions of the Editors Key Commands Step Input Caps Lock Keyboard Song Administration Standard MIDI Files Apple Loops GarageBand File Import ReCycle Import Audio Export and Import Transport The Transport Window The Bar Ruler Cycle Mode Recording Chase Events Arrange Window Overview Tracks Arrange Channel Strip MIDI Multi-Track Recording Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 3 123 128 141 147 151 152 155 157 165 167 170 173 Chapter 4 175 175 184 190 196 201 201 202 207 211 243 256 260 265 265 269 295 305 307 310 313 313 315 322 323 328 MIDI Instruments MIDI Regions MIDI Region Playback Parameters Quantization Groove Folders Aliases Markers Time and Key Signature Editor Arrange Window Techniques Altering the Display Reset Functions Audio in the Arrange Window Regions Audio Recording Functions Freeze The Environment Environment--Introduction Basic Operation The MIDI Signal Path Environment Objects Faders SysEx Faders Environment Exchange Logic's Mixing Facilities Audio Mixer Audio Objects in the Audio and Track Mixer Audio Object Types Audio Configuration Track Mixer MIDI Channel Strips Automation Automation--Introduction Track Based Automation Region Based Automation HyperDraw Conversion of Automation Data Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 4 Contents Chapter 8 329 330 331 332 335 337 341 342 344 346 349 349 351 353 356 362 372 376 377 377 381 381 382 385 385 387 390 398 402 418 419 419 421 423 425 427 432 434 435 436 Global Tracks Display Options for Global Tracks How to Create, Move, Copy, and Delete Global Events Marker Track Tempo Track Beat Mapping Track Signature Track Chord Track Transposition Track Video Track Audio Window Audio Window--Introduction Layout Display Operation File Administration Strip Silence Further Options Audio Drivers The Audio Hardware and Drivers Dialog Audio Engine Realtime Sample Rate Conversion Distributed Audio Processing Sample Editor Sample Editor--Introduction Display The Sample Edit Window in Use Functions Digital Factory Third Party Plug-ins Project Manager Main Functions Scanning Browse Mode Edit Menu Functions Menu View Menu Navigate Project Manager Preferences Comments Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Contents 5 Chapter 13 439 439 441 442 444 447 453 453 455 455 456 457 463 467 467 468 469 473 474 475 475 477 478 482 485 486 487 488 489 489 490 495 516 519 522 529 548 552 560 574 Event List Using the Event List Display Operation Event List Structure Event Type Structure Tips for Numerical Input Event Float Window Hyper Editor Hyper Editor--Introduction Hyper Sets Event Definitions Operation Matrix Editor Matrix Editor--Introduction Display Editing Notes Multiple MIDI Region Edit Hyper Draw in the Matrix Window Score Editor Score Editor--Introduction Elements of the Score Edit Window Notation Concept General Appearance Input Methods in the Score Window Score Display Options--a Survey Printout Graphic Export Realtime MIDI Recording Step Input Mouse Input The Part Box Move, Copy, and Paste Editing or Deleting Notes and Symbols The Display Parameter Box Score Styles Note Attributes Instrument Sets and Score Display Levels Song Settings for Score Display Score Preferences Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 6 Contents 575 582 Chapter 17 587 587 589 595 597 597 598 599 601 603 605 605 607 614 616 618 619 619 621 622 625 626 639 655 656 658 664 668 671 683 713 Text: Input and Display Chord Symbols The Transform Window Transform Window--Introduction Transformation Parameter Sets Tempo Display and Functions Tempo List Editor Tempo Operations Tempo Interpreter Real Time Tempo Fader Synchronization Functions Synchronization Window Bar Ruler--Time Ruler MIDI Machine Control Sync Problems and Solutions Video Synchronizing QuickTime Movies Video Thumbnail Track Automatic Scene Cut Detection/Scene Markers Song Settings and Preferences Song Settings Preferences Control Surface Support Installation Setup Window Parameters Control Surface Preferences Customizing Control Surfaces The Controller Assignments Window Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Glossary Index Contents 7 Recent years have seen a revolution in the use of personal computers for creating music. Music projects that until recently would have required an array of professional studio equipment can now be completed in a home or project studio, using a personal computer and readily available resources. A personal computer with a fast processor and enough RAM can now serve as a workstation for recording, arranging, mixing, and producing complete music projects, which can be played back on the computer, burned on a CD or DVD, or distributed over the Internet. What Is Logic? Logic is an integrated system for composing, producing, and scoring music, built specifically for Mac OS X. Musicians can create professional sounding original music compositions, royalty-free soundtracks for Final Cut Pro video projects, and more. Logic allows you to build musical arrangements using MIDI and software instruments alongside audio recordings of acoustic instruments, vocal performances and prerecorded audio files. You can freely combine and arrange loops plus MIDI and software instrument parts in Logic's Arrange window, add professional-quality effects, mix your music in stereo or Surround, and export the final mix to one or more standard audio file(s) or an audio CD that can be played on any multimedia-equipped computer, home stereo or imported into Final Cut Pro or other applications. Logic includes the following features, amongst many others: · Record MIDI information via connected MIDI input devices, such as keyboards, and play back this information via any connected MIDI device or Logic's integrated software instruments. · Create, arrange, and edit MIDI projects, and print out musical notation via a printer connected to your computer. · Digitally record acoustic and electric instruments or vocal performances into your projects, and process these audio recordings with Logic's in-built real-time effects. Preface 9 Logic Reference · Make use of the integrated software instruments, including; Sculpture, Ultrabeat, · · · · · · · ES1, ES2, EVP88, EVB3, EVD6, and EXS24 or third-party Audio Unit instruments. Load songs or channel strips from Apple's GarageBand application, and edit them, making use of the additional processing and editing possibilities afforded by Logic. Mix your MIDI and audio tracks, including effects and software-based instrument settings, via a sophisticated total recall mix automation system. Logic includes highquality effects plug-ins that you can use in your projects. You can also install thirdparty effects in the Audio Units plug-in format. Bounce all audio data, including effects and mix automation settings, to a stereo (or multiple Surround format) file(s) for mastering or further processing. Work in real time: You can work on Logic projects in real time, adding, and editing audio and MIDI parts while the project is playing, and hear the results of your changes immediately. Use existing loop libraries: Logic directly supports Apple Loop files, and is compatible with a wide variety of existing audio file types, including those created in ReCycle. Locate and preview files easily: The Project Manager and Apple Loop Browser, parts of the Logic interface, provide powerful file browsing and search features, making it easy to locate loops by instrument, genre, mood, or other search criteria. Mix Apple Loops recorded at different tempos and keys: Logic automatically matches loops to the project tempo and key, allowing you to freely combine loops from different sources in a single project. About this Manual This book is the final arbiter on all things in Logic, and covers all areas of the program in detail. You will find descriptions of the most essential aspects of Logic's interface, commands, and menus in the Using Logic chapter. These descriptions are often paired with instructions or examples for accomplishing specific tasks. Chapter 2 discusses the use of Logic's Transport functions and covers the navigation of your Logic projects. The following chapters will provide you with an overview and complete description of all parameters and functions available in each of Logic's editing and file handling windows. You will learn how to make use of the arranging, recording, and editing facilities available--for MIDI and audio data--in these chapters. Later chapters discuss mixing, automation, and Logic's preferences, Song settings and synchronization options. 10 Preface Logic Reference The Onscreen Help system--accessible from Logic's Help menu--is fundamentally the Reference Manuals in electronic form. It has the advantage of being at your fingertips when you need it, and is also searchable. Even if you're the type who just doesn't like reading manuals, we ask that you read the next section. It will provide you with essential information on the basic operation of Logic's interface. Please note that all topics described herein were accurate at the date of printing. For up to date information on changes or additions made after printing, please refer to the Late Breaking News on the Logic DVD, and/or to the Update Info, included with each Logic update. Conventions of this Manual... Before commencing, we'd like to cover the following conventions used in this manual. Menu Functions For functions that can be reached via hierarchical menus, the different menu levels are described as follows: Menu > Menu entry > Function. Important Entries Some text will be shown as follows: Important: Information on function or parameter. These entries discuss a key concept or technical information that should, or must, be followed or taken into account. Please pay special attention to these entries. Notes Some sections provide additional information or tips that will assist your use of Logic. These are displayed as shown below: Note: Information on function or parameter. Key Commands Many Logic functions can be activated or accessed with key commands--computer keyboard shortcuts. The key commands mentioned in this guide are based on the standard Key Command Set, assigned by the Logic Setup Assistant. Where possible, we have also included the standard Key Commands for PowerBook users. These are based on the PowerBook Key Command Set, assigned in the Logic Setup Assistant. Preface Logic Reference 11 1 Using Logic 1 The following chapter will guide you through Logic's basic interface elements, file handling options and common input techniques. You will also learn about a number of shortcuts and features that will accelerate your workflow, and assist you while learning about Logic. Using the Mouse The mouse can be used in the following ways in Logic: Clicking Place the mouse pointer on the object (button, input field and so on) and press the mouse button once. Double-clicking The same as clicking on an object, but you press the mouse button twice, in quick succession. You can set a suitable i ...