Mac OS X Server Web Technologies Administration For Version 10.5 Leopard K Apple Inc. © 2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of Mac OS X Server software might reproduce this publication for the purpose of learning to use such software. No part of this publication might be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paid-for support services. Every effort has been made to guarantee that the information in this manual is correct. Apple Inc., is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Apple 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 408-996-1010 www.apple.com The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the "keyboard" Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple might constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. 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Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. 019-0945/2007-09-01 1 Contents Preface 9 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 About This Guide What's New in Version 10.5 What's in This Guide Using This Guide Using Onscreen Help Mac OS X Server Administration Guides Viewing PDF Guides Onscreen Printing PDF Guides Getting Documentation Updates Getting Additional Information Web Technologies Overview Web Technologies Overview Key Web Features Apache Web Server WebDAV CGI Support SSL Support Dynamic Content with Server Side Includes (SSI) Blogs and RSS Support Before You Begin Selecting a Version of Apache Configuring Your Web Server Providing Secure Transactions Setting Up Websites Hosting More Than One Website Understanding WebDAV Setting WebDAV Privileges Understanding WebDAV Security Defining Realms Understanding Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) MIME Suffixes Web Server Responses (Content Handlers) Chapter 1 3 Chapter 2 23 23 24 24 24 25 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 35 35 37 37 38 39 39 40 42 43 45 47 48 49 49 49 50 50 51 52 52 53 53 Working with Web Service Setup Overview Turning Web Service On Setting Up Web Service Configuring General Settings Configuring MIME Types Settings Configuring Proxy Settings Configuring Modules Settings Configuring Web Services Settings Starting Web Service Managing Web Service Checking Web Service Status Viewing Web Service Logs Viewing Web Graphs Stopping Web Service Performance Tuning Setting Simultaneous Connections for the Web Server Setting Persistent Connections for the Web Server Setting a Connection Timeout Interval Creating and Managing Websites Website Setup Overview Setting Up Your Website Setting Up the Web Folder Creating a Website Setting the Default Webpage Configuring Website Apache Options Using Realms to Control Access Enabling Access and Error Logs for a Website Enabling Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Managing Access to Sites Using Aliases Setting Up a Reverse Proxy Enabling Optional Web Services Connecting to Your Website Website Management Viewing Website Settings Changing the Web Folder for a Site Changing the Access Port for a Website Enabling a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Script Enabling Server Side Includes (SSI) Creating Indexes for Searching Website Content Monitoring Website Activity Using a Passphrase with SSL Certificates Chapter 3 4 Contents 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 57 58 58 59 Chapter 4 61 61 62 62 62 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 66 66 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 69 70 70 70 71 71 72 72 72 Using WebDAV to Manage Website Content Enabling WebDAV on Websites Using WebDAV to Share Files Configuring Web Content File and Folder Permissions Managing Multiple Sites on One Server Using Aliases to Have a Site Respond to Multiple Names Websites and Multiple Network Interfaces User Content on Websites Web Service Configuration Default Content Accessing Web Content Securing Web Content on Case Insensitive File Systems Creating and Managing Wikis and Blogs Wiki Overview About Wiki Pages About Wiki Security About Wiki File and Folder Hierarchy Wiki Setup Overview Setting Up a Wiki Enabling Wiki Web Services for a Website Connecting to a Wiki Changing Wiki Settings Managing Wiki Pages Adding Document Pages Editing Document Pages Deleting Document Pages Adding a Link to a Wiki Page Inserting a Table on a Wiki Page Adding Tags to Wiki Pages Removing Tags from Wiki Pages Attaching a File to Wiki Pages Finding Tagged Wiki Pages Searching Wiki Pages Viewing or Replacing Older or Deleted Wiki Pages Restoring Deleted Wiki Pages Customizing Wiki Choosing Font Styles and Formatting Customizing Wiki Themes and Layouts Getting Help Using the Wiki Setting Up a Web Calendar Enabling Web Calendar Service for a Website Navigating the Web Calendar Contents 5 73 73 74 74 75 75 75 76 Chapter 5 77 77 77 78 78 78 79 80 83 83 84 84 84 85 85 86 86 86 87 88 88 89 90 90 91 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 94 Creating Timed Calendar Events Editing Calendar Events Deleting Web Calendar Events Using the Web Calendar with iCal Setting Up User and Group Blogs Enabling Blog Service for a Website Adding a Blog Page Setting Blog SACL Permissions for Users Configuring and Managing Webmail Webmail Overview Webmail User Services Webmail and Your Mail Server Webmail Protocols Enabling Webmail Configuring Webmail Setting Up Mailing List Web Archives Working with WebObjects and Open Source Applications Working with WebObjects Service WebObjects Overview Turning WebObjects Service On Setting Up WebObjects Service Starting WebObjects Service Checking the Status of WebObjects Service Stopping WebObjects Service Opening the Monitor Working with Apache Editing Apache Configuration Files Restoring the Default Configuration Using the apachectl Script About Apache Multicast DNS Registration Using Apache Axis Working with Tomcat Setting Tomcat as the Application Container Working with MySQL Turning MySQL Service On Setting Up MySQL Service Starting MySQL Service Checking the Status of MySQL Service Viewing MySQL Service and Admin Logs Stopping MySQL Service Upgrading MySQL Chapter 6 6 Contents 94 95 Chapter 7 99 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 102 102 102 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 104 104 104 107 107 107 108 113 Working with Ruby on Rails Managing the Deployment of Ruby on Rails Applications Managing Web Modules Apache Web Module Overview Working with Web Modules Viewing Web Modules Adding Web Modules Enabling Web Modules Changing Web Modules Deleting Web Modules Macintosh-Specific Modules mod_macbinary_apple mod_spotlight_apple mod_auth_apple mod_hfs_apple mod_digest_apple mod_auth_digest_apple mod_spnego mod_encoding mod_bonjour Open Source Modules Tomcat PHP mod_perl mod_encoding Solving Web Service Problems If Users Can't Connect to a Website on Your Server If a Web Module Is Not Working as Expected If a CGI Script Does Not Run Chapter 8 Index Contents 7 8 Contents This guide tells you how to set up and manage a web server, websites, and use open source web technologies. Mac OS X Server version 10.5 includes Web service that is comprised of multiple web technologies. Web service comes preinstalled on Apple server hardware and offers an integrated, flexible environment for establishing and managing web technologies. What's New in Version 10.5 Mac OS X Server v10.5 offers the following enhancements to Web service:  New and improved Apache 2.2  Group wikis and blogs  Easy certificate management in Server Admin  Control of conventional (forward) and back-end (reverse) proxies  Back-end proxy balancer, which allows simple deployment of Ruby on Rails or WebObject applications What's in This Guide This guide includes the following chapters:  Chapter 1, "Web Technologies Overview," highlights key concepts and provides basic information about configuring a server, setting up websites, and understanding specialized web components.  Chapter 2, "Working with Web Service," describes how to set up your web server for the first time and how to manage web settings and components.  Chapter 3, "Creating and Managing Websites," provides instructions for setting up and managing websites.  Chapter 4, "Creating and Managing Wikis and Blogs," describes how to use Server Admin to set up and manage wikis and blogs.  Chapter 5, "Configuring and Managing Webmail," tells you how to enable and use Webmail on your web server. Preface 9 About This Guide  Chapter 6, "Working with WebObjects and Open Source Applications," provides information and instructions related to WebObjects and open source components Apache, Tomcat, and MySQL.  Chapter 7, "Managing Web Modules," describes the modules included in Mac OS X Server and explains how to install, enable, and view modules.  Chapter 8, "Solving Web Service Problems," helps you address issues with web technologies and websites. In addition, the Glossary defines terms you'll encounter as you read this guide. Note: Because Apple frequently releases new versions and updates to its software, images shown in this book may be different from what you see on your screen. Using This Guide The following list contains suggestions for using this guide:  Read the guide in its entirety. Subsequent sections might build on information and recommendations discussed in prior sections.  The instructions in this guide should always be tested in a nonoperational environment before deployment. This nonoperational environment should simulate, as much as possible, the environment where the computer will be deployed. Using Onscreen Help You can get task instructions onscreen in Help Viewer while you're managing Mac OS X Server. You can view help on a server or an administrator computer. (An administrator computer is a Mac OS X computer with Mac OS X Server administration software installed on it.) To get help for an advanced configuration of Leopard Server: m Open Server Admin or Workgroup Manager and then:  Use the Help menu to search for a task you want to perform.  Choose Help > Server Admin Help or Help > Workgroup Manager to browse and search the help topics. The onscreen help contains instructions taken from Server Administration and other advanced administration guides described in "Mac OS X Server Administration Guides," next. To see the most recent server help topics: m Make sure the server or administrator computer is connected to the Internet while you're getting help. 10 Preface About This Guide Help Viewer automatically retrieves and caches the most recent server help topics from the Internet. When not connected to the Internet, Help Viewer displays cached help topics. Mac OS X Server Administration Guides Getting Started covers installation and setup for standard and workgroup configurations of Mac OS X Server. For advanced configurations, Server Administration covers planning, installation, setup, and general server administration. A suite of additional guides, listed below, covers advanced planning, setup, and management of individual services. You can get these guides in PDF format from the Mac OS X Server documentation website: www.apple.com/server/documentation This guide... Getting Started and Mac OS X Server Worksheet Command-Line Administration File Services Administration iCal Service Administration iChat Service Administration Mac OS X Security Configuration Mac OS X Server Security Configuration Mail Service Administration Network Services Administration Open Directory Administration Podcast Producer Administration Print Service Administration QuickTime Streaming and Broadcasting Administration Server Administration tells you how to: Install Mac OS X Server and set it up for the first time. Install, set up, and manage Mac OS X Server using UNIX commandline tools and configuration files. Share selected server volumes or folders among server clients using the AFP, NFS, FTP, and SMB protocols. Set up and manage iCal shared calendar service. Set up and manage iChat instant messaging service. Make Mac OS X computers (clients) more secure, as required by enterprise and government customers. Make Mac OS X Server and the computer it's installed on more secure, as required by enterprise and government customers. Set up and manage IMAP, POP, and SMTP mail services on the server. Set up, configure, and administer DHCP, DNS, VPN, NTP, IP firewall, NAT, ...