3Com® Network Director User Guide 3C15500 http://www.3com.com/ Part No. DUA1550-0AAA01 Published May 2004 3Com Corporation 350 Campus Drive Marlborough MA USA 01752-3064 Copyright © 2004, 3Com Technologies. All rights reserved. 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Some portions of the SUN J2RE software licensed from IBM are available at http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/ AdventNet Java SNMP Package Version 1.3.2 Copyright (c) 1998-99 AdventNet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Portions of this software were derived from the CMP SNMP 1.2U distribution and the following notice applies to the CMU software. Copyright 1989 by Carnegie Mellon University. All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this CMU software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of CMU not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. Graphics Server 4 for Microsoft Windows Copyright (c) 1989 - 1996 Bits Per Second Ltd. PuTTY is copyright 1997-2003 Simon Tatham. 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CONTENTS ABOUT THIS GUIDE Conventions 32 Feedback about this User Guide Related Documentation 33 33 1 GETTING STARTED Introduction 35 What is 3Com Network Director 35 On the CD 35 Installation 36 Activation 36 Getting Started 37 Creating a New Network Map 38 Discovery Type Step 38 Specify Subnets Step 38 Monitor Core Devices and Links Step 38 Community Strings Step 38 NBX Voice Network Step 38 NBX Call Processors Step 38 Discovery Options Step 39 Scheduled Discovery Step 39 Summary Step 39 Upgrading from 3Com Network Supervisor 39 Coexistence with 3Com Network Director 39 Using saved Network Supervisor maps 40 Using saved 3Com Network Supervisor files 41 The Device Warranty feature 41 Main Features 42 Main Window 42 Network Discovery 42 Network Monitoring 42 The Event System 43 Reports on Historical Data 43 RMON Support 43 VLAN Support 43 Bulk Configuration 44 Backup, Restore and Setup 44 Agent Update 44 Traffic Prioritization 44 Reporting 45 Device Administration 45 Live Update 45 2 PRODUCT ACTIVATION Introduction 47 Key Concepts 48 Components 48 About Dialog 48 Activation Wizard 49 Obtaining Product Upgrades 51 US, Canada and Latin America 52 Outside US, Canada and Latin America 52 Examples 52 Activating 3Com Network Director 52 Useful Information and References 53 Where can I find the product number for 3Com Network Director? 53 Where can I find the serial number for 3Com Network Director? 53 Where can I find the license key for 3Com Network Director? 53 What product number is right for me? 54 Key Considerations 54 What if I lose my Activation Key after registration? 54 How do I move my copy of 3Com Network Director to another workstation? 54 If I re-install the product after it has been activated, do I need to activate it again? 55 My copy of 3Com Network Director no longer runs, even though it has been activated. 55 Why can't I log in to the 3Com support web site? 55 I want to install my upgrade from 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 to 3Com Network Director on a different workstation. 55 I want to upgrade my copy of 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 to 3Com Network Director v1.0 56 Troubleshooting 58 My license key to upgrade from 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 is rejected 58 3 MAIN WINDOW Overview 61 Key Concepts 62 Map Files 62 Components 63 Map 63 Tree 63 Toolbar 63 Status Bar 63 Main Menu 64 File 64 Edit 65 View 66 Device 69 Monitoring 70 Alerts/Events 71 RMON 71 Tools 72 Help 73 File > Lock Menu Option 73 File > Exit Menu Option 74 View > Show Toolbar Menu Option 74 Tools > Scheduled Tasks Menu Option 74 Tools > Options Menu Option 76 General 77 Device Management 78 Internet 80 Discovery 81 Monitoring 81 Logging 82 VLANs 84 Retry/Timeout 84 Security 85 Help > Contents and Index Menu Option 87 Help > Launch User Guide 87 Help > About 3Com® Director Menu Option 88 Examples 88 Finding the Product Version 88 Finding the Serial Number, License Number and Activation Key Key Considerations 90 Scheduled Tasks 90 89 4 DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Overview 91 Key Concepts 92 The Discovery Process ­ Detecting Devices 92 IP Ping 93 Device Capability Detection 93 SNMP Type Detection 94 IP to MAC Resolution 94 End Station Type Recognition 94 Web Type Recognition 95 DNS Name Resolution 95 NBX Phone Detection 95 Device Sizing 96 The Discovery Process ­ Determining Topology 96 Sizing stage 97 Spanning Tree stage 98 Remote Poll Stage (broadcast ARP) 98 Initial Endstation stage 99 Device Resolution Stage 99 Remote Poll Stage (directed pings) 99 Outstanding end station stage 100 Tree Building Stage 100 Clouds ­ Unknown Topology 100 Other Clouds 103 The Discovery Process ­ Rediscovery 104 Scheduled Discoveries 106 Components 106 Launching a discovery 106 The Welcome dialog box 107 File > New 107 Tools > Network Discovery with nothing selected 108 Tools > Network Discovery with a discovered subnet selected Tools > Network Discovery with an undiscovered subnet selected 109 The Network Discovery Wizard 109 Discovery Type Pane 110 Specify Subnets Pane 111 Editing subnets in the list 114 Removing subnets from the list 114 Choosing from a list of known subnets 114 Importing subnets from a file 116 Monitor Core Devices and Links Pane 117 Community Strings Pane 118 NBX Voice Network Pane 120 NBX Call Processors Pane 120 Discovery Options Pane 122 Scheduled Discovery Pane 124 Summary Pane 126 The Network Discovery Progress Dialog Box 128 Network Discovery Summary dialog box 130 The Discovery Report 131 Discovery 132 Topology 132 The Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 132 The Changes Report 133 The Displayed Map 133 Initial Map Creation 133 Subsequent Map Updates 134 Examples 134 How do I discover my network every day at midnight? 134 Directly From the Options dialog box 134 108 I have four separate subnets - how do I specify them? 137 One of my subnets is over a slow WAN link - can I discover it, and if so, what settings should I use? 138 I am using different SNMP community strings for different devices on my network - how do I specify this? 139 Useful Information and References 140 Why the discovered map may not exactly reflect the network 140 Some devices haven't appeared 140 Some devices are the wrong type 141 There are clouds in my map 141 Support for 3Com devices 142 Support for third party devices 142 Key Considerations 143 Discovering over slow/expensive links 143 Discovery Report Errors and Warnings 144 Discovery Section 144 Topology Section 146 5 WORKING WITH THE MAP Overview 151 Key Concepts 152 The Map 152 The Tree 154 Components 156 Map Structure 156 The Grouped Network View 156 The Ungrouped Network View 158 Devices 158 Device Icons 158 Pull-Right Menu for Devices 161 Physical Links 163 Unvalidated Links 164 Physical Link Annotations 164 Spanning Tree Protocol Support 165 Pull-Right Menu for Physical Links 165 Layer-3 Connections 166 167 Clouds 167 Pull-Right Menu for Clouds 169 Subnets 169 Device Groups 172 Tooltips 174 Map Item Labels and Address Translation 175 Navigation 182 Panning 182 Zoom in 182 Zoom out 183 Fit to page 183 Shortcut Symbols 186 Navigating Around the Map Using the Tree 187 Viewing the VLANs on Your Network 188 Trace Path 188 Using The Trace Path Wizard 191 Finding Items on Your Network 192 Using Wildcards to Find Partial Matches 193 Searching Within the Search Results 194 Using the Find Dialog Box to Select Items for Operations Finding Devices 195 Finding Links 197 Finding NBX Telephony Components 198 Modifying the Map Layout 200 Manually Modifying the Map Contents 202 Adding Items to the Map 202 Linking Items in the Map 204 Keeping the Map Up-to-date 205 Dynamic Network Login Support 205 Saving and Opening Maps 206 Exporting Maps to Microsoft" Visio" 208 209 Printing the Map 210 Background Images 210 Examples 212 Selecting all of the SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 Devices in the Network 212 Viewing all of the Physical Connections for a Router 215 Focusing in on a Set of Devices in the Map 217 195 Adding a Link between Map Items from Different Submaps 220 Adding a New Device on Your Network Into the Map 221 Useful Information and References 225 Graphical Support for Specific Device Types 225 NBX Network Telephony Solution 225 3Com Switch 4007 225 3Com Wireless Access Points 225 Files Associated with Saved Maps 226 Network Login 227 6 VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Overview 229 Key Concepts 230 Items Supported by the Properties Dialog Box 230 Components 230 Launching the Properties Dialog Box 230 Structure of the Properties Dialog Box 231 The Tabbed Pane 231 The Device Tree 233 Properties Dialog Box for a Node 236 Properties Dialog Box for a Supported Device 237 Supported Device (Stack or Chassis) 238 Supported Device (Single Unit) 239 Properties Dialog Box for an Unsupported Device 240 Properties Dialog Box for an End-Station 241 Properties Dialog Box for a Phone 242 Properties Dialog Box for a Subnet 244 Properties Dialog Box for a Device Group 245 Properties Dialog Box for a Cloud 245 Properties Dialog Box for a Link 247 Properties Dialog Box for a Non-WAN Link 247 Properties Dialog Box for a WAN Link 249 Properties Dialog Box for a Layer-3 Connection 250 Properties Dialog Box for a Multiple Selection 251 Applying Changes to Devices Using the Properties Dialog Box 254 This section describes how you can apply changes to items with the Properties dialog box. 254 Changing the Custom Name 254 Setting the IP Address for a Manually Added Device 255 Setting the Port Numbers for a Manually Added Link 257 Changing the Community Strings for a Device 258 Changing the Monitoring Settings 261 Changing the Retry and Timeout Settings for a Device or Subnet Changing the Discovery Options for a Subnet 263 Examples 264 Key Considerations 269 Troubleshooting 269 262 7 MONITORING THE NETWORK Overview 273 Key Concepts 273 Monitor 273 Monitoring and Event Generation 274 Monitoring State 274 Monitoring State and the Grouped View Monitoring Techniques 276 IP Ping Monitoring 277 SNMP MIB Data Retrieval 277 Service Polling 278 SNMP Trap Receipt 278 Monitor-able Items 279 Monitoring Non-3Com Devices 279 Link Monitoring 279 Components 280 Live Graphs Window 280 Poll Rates 281 Live Graphs Tree 281 Live Graphs Display 282 Displaying Thresholds 283 Live Graphs Toolbar 284 Live Graphs Menu 285 More Detail Dialog Box 286 Detailed Graph Dialog Box 287 Viewing a Monitor's Component Values 276 288 Showing Thresholds 289 Showing Plot Points 290 Exporting a Graph 290 Zooming into a Graph 291 Poll Rates 293 Configuration 293 Starting and Stopping Monitoring 293 Disabling and Enabling Individual Monitors 294 Controlling Monitoring Type and Polling Rates 296 Monitoring Mode 296 Poll Rate 298 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Whole Map Level 298 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Subnet Level 300 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Device Level 301 Specifying Monitoring Mode in the Discovery Wizard 302 Changing Retry Periods and Timeouts 304 Controlling Event Generation from Monitors 304 Registering 3Com Network Director as an SNMP Trap Destination 304 Configuring the Storage of Monitoring Data 306 Examples 308 Enabling Monitoring on the Core Devices in the Map 308 Disabling Monitoring on the Whole Network 308 Configuring Monitoring for a Remote Office 309 Extending the Length of Maintained Monitor History 313 Key Considerations 314 Monitoring and Logged Data 314 Text Displayed in Graphs 314 Problems Starting Monitoring for a Device or Link 315 8 THE EVENT LOG Overview 319 Key Concepts 319 Events 319 Event Types 320 Monitor-Based Events 320 SNMP Trap-Based Events 321 3Com Network Director Internal Events 321 Event Severities 321 Information Severity 321 Warning Severity 322 High Severity Events 322 Critical Severity 322 Recurring Severity 322 Event Severity Colors 323 Event Resolution 323 Smart Event Analysis 324 Event Correlation 324 Recurring Event Handling 324 Event Suppression 325 SNMP Trap Filtering 325 Alerts 325 Events List Components 326 Launching the Events Window 326 Events Main Window 327 Events List 327 Events Toolbar 329 Events Menu 329 Status Bars 331 Working With Events 332 Navigating to Event Sources in the Map 332 Commenting on Events 333 Manually Resolving Events 334 Deleting Events 335 Refreshing the Events List 336 Exporting the Events List to a CSV Format File 337 Printing the Events List 338 Find Dialog Box 338 Filter Dialog Box 339 Name Filter 340 Show only voice related events Filter 341 Severity Filter 341 Last number of days Filter 342 Resolved Filter 342 Deleted Events Filter 343 Description Filter 343 Comment Filter 343 Filter Status Bar 343 More Detail Dialog Box 344 Event Tab 345 Graphs Tab 346 Trap Decode Tab 348 Event System Configuration 349 Disabling and Enabling Events 349 Disabled Events Dialog Box 350 Selecting Items 351 Controlling Smart Event Analysis 352 Controlling Global Smart Event Analysis 353 Controlling SNMP Trap Filtering 354 Controlling Per-Event Advanced Settings 355 Setting Thresholds for Monitor-Based Events 356 High and Warning Thresholds 356 Launching the Threshold Settings Dialog Box 356 Threshold Settings Dialog Box 357 Configuring the Storage of Monitoring History for Events 360 Managing Event Ageing 361 Ageing Dialog Box 363 Alert System Components 364 Alerts System Overview 364 Attach Alerts Dialog Box 364 Attaching Alerts to Items 366 Configuring Alerts 366 SNMP Trap Alerts 369 Examples 370 Viewing the Unresolved Events for a Subnet 370 Exporting High Severity Events Generated in the Last Week 371 Undeleting an Event 373 Obtaining Events for Received SNMP Traps 376 Getting Events As Soon As Your Network Has A Problem 377 Receiving Notification When A Server Farm Is Unreachable 378 Key Considerations 382 No Events in the Events List 382 Events List Update Was Stopped 382 Filter Has Excluded All Events No Graph Available for an Event 383 383 9 PERFORMANCE REPORTING Overview 385 Key Concepts 385 Automated logging 385 Data resolutions 386 Reporting 386 Components 386 Historical report 386 Link monitors 389 Logging options 390 Database 391 Examples 392 Determining the cause of high errors on a link 392 Predicting demand for bandwidth requirements 392 Web server analysis 393 Useful Information and References 395 RRDTool 395 Mapping file format 395 Devices 395 Links between switches/hubs 395 Links between a switch/hub and an end station/cloud 395 Database file format 396 Database management 398 Key Considerations 399 Troubleshooting 399 Mapping file not updating 399 Changing the logging data directory 399 Missing data within RRD database files 400 Empty historical report states 3Com Network Director cannot monitor device/link 400 10 RMON Introduction 403 Key Concepts 404 What is RMON 404 Statistics 404 History 404 Host 405 HostTopN 405 Matrix 406 HC-RMON 406 Components 407 3Com support for RMON 407 The RMONView window 407 The Menu bar 408 414 The Toolbar 414 The Table View 416 416 The Graph View 417 Viewing data from the RMON Statistics group 417 Viewing RMON Statistics data for a selected device 417 3Com Switch 4007 418 Viewing data from the RMON History group 423 Viewing RMON History data for a selected device 423 3Com Switch 4007 424 Viewing RMON history data for a selected link 425 History View dialog box 427 History Entries 429 Viewing data from the RMON Host group 431 Viewing RMON Host data for a selected device 431 3Com Switch 4007 432 Viewing RMON host data for a selected link 433 Host View dialog box 436 Viewing data from the RMON Matrix group 440 Viewing RMON Matrix data for a selected device 440 Stations 446 Matrix Flow 446 Managing RMON tables 447 Deletion of RMON Tables 448 Examples 450 How do I graph errors on my core switch links? 450 How do I graph utilization on a specific VLAN? 451 How do I view the data associated with an aggregated link? 451 Useful Information And References 452 RMON 452 RMON Support on individual 3Com devices 452 RMON Limits on individual devices (for table creation) 452 Key Considerations 452 11 CREATING REPORTS Overview 453 Key Concepts 454 Selection-sensitive 454 Feature Reports Types 454 Device Report History - Restriction 455 Custom Report Types 455 Reports History 455 Export to CSV 456 Components 456 Inventory Report 456 Capacity Report 457 Topology Report 457 Free ports Report 457 Reports Dialog Box 458 Generate Report Tab 459 History Tab 460 Custom Report Types Dialog Box 462 Add/Edit Report Type Wizard 463 Columns Step 463 Name and Description Step 467 Summary Step 467 Examples 468 Assessing Network Expansion Capability 468 Ensuring Stacks are Running the Same Agent Version Key Considerations 470 Report Information Out-of-Date 470 Disk Usage 470 Generate Report not Working 471 469 12 CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Overview 473 Key Concepts 474 Web Management 474 Telnet Management 474 SSH Management 474 Administration Menu 474 3Com Device View 475 3Com Switch Manager 475 3Com Router Manager 475 Network Jack Configuration Manager 475 IP Ping 475 Trace Route 476 Properties Dialog Box 478 General 478 Security 479 Unit Information 480 VLANs 481 Registering Devices for Warranty 483 Components 483 Device Warranty Dialog Box 483 Device Warranty Wizard 484 Introduction Step 484 Contact Details Step 485 Partner/Reseller Details Step 486 Device Selection Step 488 Summary Step 489 Connection to the 3Com Server 490 What Data is Sent to the 3Com server 490 Reports 491 Web Management 491 Device Warranty 491 Examples 493 Renaming a Switch 4007 using Telnet 493 Disabling a Port on a Switch 4400 using the Web Interface Viewing Connected Ports using Device View 494 Registering 3Com Devices for Warranty 494 493