Logic Express 8 User Manual Apple Inc. © 2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software licence agreement. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the "keyboard" Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple Inc. is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Note: Apple frequently releases new versions and updates to its system software, applications, and Internet sites. Images shown in this book may be slightly different to those displayed on your screen. Apple Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 408-996-1010 www.apple.com Apple, the Apple logo, Bonjour, Final Cut, Final Cut Pro, FireWire, iMovie, iPod, iTunes, Jam Pack, Logic, Mac, MacBook, Macintosh, Mac OS, PowerBook, QuickTime, Soundtrack, and Ultrabeat are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder, GarageBand, and Safari are trademarks of Apple Inc. AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. .Mac and iTunes Store are service marks of Apple Inc. Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Distiller, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U.S. and/or other countries. Other company and product names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective companies. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. 1 Contents Preface 15 16 17 17 19 20 23 27 28 48 51 55 57 59 59 61 63 65 66 68 71 73 74 75 75 77 79 Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources Logic Express 8 Documentation Conventions Logic Express Onscreen Help Apple Websites An Introduction to Logic Express Creating Music in Logic Express The Basics: Projects and Regions Overview of the Logic Express Interface A Tour of the Logic Express Interface Common Features of Logic Express Windows Interactions Between Arrange Window Areas Using Logic Express Interface Elements Using the Computer Keyboard Customizing Your Window Setup Window Types Opening and Closing Windows Moving and Resizing Windows Working at Different Hierarchy Levels Selecting the Working Area Zooming Relationships Between Windows Customizing the Transport Bar Customizing the Arrange Window Toolbar Hiding or Revealing the Inspector Adjusting the Bar Ruler Display Displaying Global Tracks Using Screensets Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 3 Chapter 4 83 83 90 98 98 99 103 103 106 107 108 114 116 123 124 125 128 128 129 131 132 134 135 137 137 139 141 143 144 145 146 153 155 157 159 159 160 161 162 170 Setting Up Your System Designing Your Music Production System Connecting Your Audio and MIDI Devices Using External MIDI Devices Using External Audio Effects Configuring Your Audio Hardware Navigating Your Project Setting the Playhead Position Using the Transport Buttons Using Transport Key Commands Using Cycle Mode Using the Chase Events Function Customizing the Transport Bar Working With Markers Opening Marker Areas and Windows Creating Markers Selecting Markers Deleting Markers Naming Markers Changing the Appearance of Marker Text Editing Markers Navigating With Markers Customizing the Marker Display in the Marker List Working With Projects Learning About Projects Creating Projects Opening Projects Opening and Creating Projects Automatically Importing Settings From Other Projects Checking and Repairing Projects Setting Project Properties Managing Projects Saving Projects Closing and Quitting Basic Operations Using the Mouse Entering Numerical Values Entering Text Working With Key Commands Working With Tools Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 4 Contents 176 177 177 183 184 Chapter 9 187 189 190 191 198 198 199 199 201 203 204 205 207 208 208 212 213 214 215 216 220 228 232 235 242 243 247 260 261 262 265 265 266 267 273 Working With Help Tags Using the Shortcut Menu Selection Techniques Working With the Clipboard Undoing and Redoing Editing Operations Working With Tracks Configuring the Track Header Reclaiming Workspace Used by the Track Header Creating Tracks and Channels Deleting Tracks Selecting Tracks Rearranging Tracks Naming Tracks Assigning Tracks to Channels Zooming Individual Tracks Assigning Track Icons Muting Tracks Soloing Tracks Record-Enabling Tracks Freezing Tracks Hiding Tracks Protecting Tracks Using Track Button Slide Activation Working With Instruments and Effects A Quick Mixer and Channel Strip Primer Inserting, Moving, and Removing Plug-ins Loading and Removing Entire Channel Strip Configurations Using the Plug-in Window Common Plug-in Window Functions Using the Library to Choose Plug-in Settings Learning About Effect Routings Working With Instruments Working With ReWire Applications Working With External Audio Effects Using Plug-ins From Other Manufacturers Adding Pre-Recorded Media Supported File Formats About Pre-Recorded Media Types Supported by Logic Express Accessing Media Files in the Browser Finding Apple Loops in the Loop Browser Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Contents 5 281 290 Chapter 12 291 291 295 296 307 309 319 320 322 322 324 328 334 335 339 346 354 358 362 367 367 367 368 377 379 390 391 394 396 396 402 407 409 410 412 412 413 Adding and Removing Audio Files Adding MIDI and Project Files Getting to Know Regions What Are Regions? MIDI and Audio Regions Compared Handling Regions in the Audio Bin and Sample Editor Creating Your Arrangement Making Region Edits Faster and Easier Selecting Regions Selecting Parts of a Region Adding and Recording Regions Removing and Restoring Regions Moving Regions Resizing Regions Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Regions Adding or Removing Song Passages Repeating Regions Dividing, Demixing, and Merging Regions Using Folders Creating Crossfades and Fades on Audio Regions Setting Region Parameters Recording in Logic Express Recording Audio A Quick Overview of the Recording Steps Preparations for Recording Setting Up Track Channels Making an Audio Recording Handling Audio Recordings Creating Comps Managing Take Folders Recording MIDI Recording MIDI Regions in Real Time MIDI Step Input Recording Using the Caps Lock Keyboard Introduction to MIDI Editing Opening the Editors Hearing MIDI Events When Editing Editing MIDI Events in the Arrange Area Monitoring and Resetting MIDI Events Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 6 Contents Chapter 16 415 415 418 432 433 434 435 437 439 448 455 459 460 463 466 468 469 469 475 477 478 483 485 491 492 501 508 508 509 515 516 518 519 521 522 523 524 529 530 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor Learning the Piano Roll Editor Interface Creating and Editing Note Events Splitting Chords Using Hyper Draw Customizing the Piano Roll Editor Piano Roll Editor Shortcuts Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor Creating and Editing Events in the Hyper Editor Working With Event Definitions Working With Hyper Sets Editing MIDI Events in the Event List Learning and Using the Event List Interface Selecting and Creating Events Editing Events Deleting and Muting Events Soloing and Renaming Regions or Folders Learning About Event Types The Event Float Window Quantizing MIDI Events Quantizing Regions Event and Note Quantization Creating Groove Templates Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window Choosing and Using Transform Sets Using the Transform Window Parameters Creating Your Own Transform Sets Importing Transform Sets From Other Projects Usage Examples Editing Audio in the Sample Editor Playing Audio Files Navigating Audio Files Changing the X and Y Axis Scales Displaying the Waveform as Sample Bits Making Selections Copying, Pasting, Deleting, and Cutting Destructive Audio Editing and Processing Adjusting the Project Tempo Sample Loop Functions Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Contents 7 530 531 533 548 Chapter 22 549 549 551 553 553 554 555 556 559 559 564 565 566 567 567 568 569 569 571 573 575 576 579 580 582 582 582 583 583 583 583 584 584 586 587 590 Undoing Editing Steps in the Sample Editor Creating Manual Backups Working With the Digital Factory Using an External Sample Editor Removing Silent Passages From Audio Regions How You Can Use Strip Silence Using Strip Silence Adjusting the Tempo of Audio Regions Automatic Tempo Matching Setting the Project Tempo to Match an Audio Region Time Stretching Regions Using the Follow Tempo Function Managing Audio Files Sorting, Grouping, and Renaming Files in the Audio Bin Moving Audio Files Copying or Converting Audio Files Deleting Audio Files Optimizing Audio Files Saving Regions as Individual Audio Files Exporting Tracks as Audio Files Dealing With SDII Files Finding and Replacing Orphaned Audio Files Mixing Basic Mixing Steps Channel Strip Elements Setting Channel Strip Levels Setting the Pan or Balance Control Soloing and Muting Channels Adding Effects: Using Inserts Working With Sends Working With Channel Strip Settings Monitoring With Effect Plug-ins Arming Channel Strips Changing the Channel Input Format Setting the Automation Mode Handling Mixer Inputs and Outputs Adjusting Elements of Multiple Channel Strips Adjusting Channel Strips in Record or Playback Mode Working With Groups Channel Strip Types Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 8 Contents 598 603 Chapter 26 605 606 609 612 613 618 618 620 624 625 626 626 627 627 636 637 639 640 642 643 644 645 647 648 649 650 654 655 656 659 660 661 663 664 665 665 Customizing the Mixer Using the I/O Labels Window Working With Automation Displaying Track Automation Setting an Automation Mode Writing Track Automation Data Editing Track Automation in the Arrange Area Editing Track Automation Data in an Event List Writing Track Automation With External Controllers Using Hyper Draw Conversion of Automation Data Bouncing Your Project Creating a Bounce Routing Channels to an Output Defining the Bounce Range Using the Bounce Window Setting the Bounce File Name and Folder Bouncing and POW-r Dithering Creating Apple Loops Creating Apple Loops in Logic Express Creating Apple Loops in the Apple Loops Utility Converting ReCycle Files into Apple Loops Adding Apple Loops to the Loop Browser Global Tracks and Apple Loops Converting Apple Loops to Audio Files Apple Loops and Sample Rates Project and File Interchange Sharing Logic Express Data Over a Network Backing Up Audio Files Backing Up and Sharing Projects Working With Standard MIDI Files Importing GarageBand Projects Working With OMF Files Working With OpenTL Files Opening, Importing, and Exporting AAF Files Importing and Exporting Final Cut Pro XML Files Exporting Regions Exporting Tracks as Audio Files Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Contents 9 Chapter 30 667 667 668 672 673 673 676 679 681 683 684 686 687 688 688 689 690 691 693 695 696 702 702 703 704 707 708 711 721 721 721 722 723 726 727 728 729 729 735 736 Advanced Tempo Operations Tempo Display Using the Tempo Track Recording Tempo Changes Adjusting the Tempo to Fit Audio Regions Using the Tempo List Using the Tempo Operations Window Using the Tempo Interpreter Using the Tempo Fader Beat Mapping Regions Beat Mapping With MIDI Regions Beat Mapping With Audio Regions Beats From Region Beat Mapping to Scene Markers Beat Mapping to Markers Transposition With the Chord and Transposition Tracks How MIDI Events and Apple Loops Are Transposed Creating and Editing Transposition and Chord Events Analyzing MIDI Regions Working With Notation Learning About the Score Editor Entering Notes and Symbols in the Score Editor Real Time MIDI Recording Step Input Mouse Input (Using the Part Box) Using Hyper Draw in the Score Editor Working With the Part Box Learning About Part Box Groups Editing Notes and Symbols: Basic Operations Using the Shortcut Menu Changing Several Objects Simultaneously Deleting Objects From the Score Editor Moving or Copying Objects With the Mouse Working With Aliases in the Score Editor Changing the Graphical Position of Objects Resizing Notes and Symbols Editing Notes and Symbols: Advanced Operations Editing Notes Creating and Inserting Rests Editing Clefs Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 10 Contents 738 740 742 742 744 745 745 746 747 749 749 751 755 756 757 757 758 759 759 760 761 762 763 763 769 769 775 796 804 804 808 809 809 809 810 810 810 811 811 811 812 816 820 Editing Slurs and Crescendi Editing Repeat Signs and Bar Lines Working With Text Inserting Text Editing Text Using Musical Symbol Fonts Learning About Text ...