User manual CADSOFT EAGLE 4.1

EAGLE EASILY APPLICABLE GRAPHICAL LAYOUT EDITOR Manual Version 4.1 ® 1st Edition Copyright © 2003 CadSoft All Rights Reserved This software and documentation are copyrighted by CadSoft Computer, Inc., doing business under the tradename EAGLE. The software and documentation are licensed, not sold, and may be used or copied only in accordance with the EAGLE License Agreement accompanying the software and/or reprinted in this document. This software embodies valuable trade secrets proprietary to CadSoft Computer, Inc. All trademarks referenced in this document are the property of their respective owners. Specifications subject to change without notice. Copyright 2003 CadSoft Computer, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electonic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, or otherwise, without the prior consense of CadSoft. 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Contractor/manufacturer is CadSoft Computer, Inc., 801 South Federal Highway, Suite 201, Delray Beach, Florida 33483-5185, U.S.A. Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 Installation 1.1 What is in This Manual? 1.2 Technical Terms 2.1 What You Have Received 2.2 New Installations Windows Linux 2.3 Updating an Older Version 2.4 Changing or Extending the License 2.5 Multiple Users and Network Licenses Installing in a Network 11 12 15 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 21 21 21 22 22 22 24 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 35 36 37 38 42 44 45 46 51 52 53 54 55 3 EAGLE Modules and Editions 3.1 EAGLE Modules The Layout Editor, the Basic Module Schematic Module Autorouter 3.2 Different Editions Professional Edition Standard Edition Light Edition 4 A First Look at EAGLE 4.1 The Control Panel Library Summary Design Rules User Language Programs, Scripts, CAM Jobs Projects Menu Bar 4.2 The Schematic Editor Window How You Obtain Detailed Information About a Command The Action Toolbar The Schematic Command Toolbar Commands Not Available in the Command Toolbar Mouse Keys 4.3 The Layout Editor Window The Commands on the Layout Command Toolbar 4.4 The Library Editor Window Load or Rename Package, Symbol, or Device The Package Editing mode The Symbol Editing mode The Device Editing mode 4.5 The CAM Processor Dialog Generate Data 4.6 The Text Editor Window 58 59 61 63 63 64 64 65 66 66 66 69 71 73 73 73 73 74 74 75 77 78 79 79 83 85 86 87 88 88 88 91 94 95 95 96 97 97 97 98 108 108 5 Principles for Working with EAGLE 5.1 Command Input Alternatives Command Line History Function Function Keys Script Files Mixed Input 5.2 The EAGLE Command Language Typographical Conventions Entering Coordinates as Text 5.3 Grids and the Current Unit 5.4 Names and Automatic Naming Length Forbidden Characters Automatic Naming 5.5 Import and Export of Data Script Files and Data Import File Export Using the EXPORT Command 5.6 The EAGLE User Language 5.7 Forward&Back Annotation 5.8 Configuring EAGLE Individually Configuration Commands The eagle.scr File The eaglerc File EAGLE Project File 6.1 Creating the Schematic Diagram Open the Schematic Diagram Set the Grid Place Symbols Wiring the Schematic Diagram Pinswap and Gateswap Power Supply Check and Correct Schematic Points to Note for the Schematic Editor 6.2 Considerations Prior to Creating a Board Checking the Component Libraries Agreement with the Board Manufacturer Specifying the Design Rules 6.3 Create Board Without the Schematic Editor 6 From Schematic to Finished Board Specify the Board Outline Arrange Devices Boards with Components on Both Sides Exchanging Packages Changing the Technology Define Forbidden Areas Routing Placing Tracks Manually Defining a Copper Plane with POLYGON DRC Checking the Layout and Correcting Errors Creating Manufacturing Data 6.4 Multilayer Boards Inner Layer Multilayer Boards with Through Vias Multilayer with Blind and Buried Vias Micro Via A Special Case of Blind Via 6.5 Updating Components (Library Update) 6.6 Print Out Schematic and Layout 108 109 111 111 113 113 113 115 117 120 121 121 124 124 131 132 133 135 136 136 137 137 137 138 138 138 138 140 141 141 141 142 142 142 143 143 143 143 143 144 144 144 144 144 7 The Autorouter 7.1 Basic Features 7.2 What Can be Expected from the Autorouter 7.3 Controlling the Autorouter Bus Router Routing Pass Optimization 7.4 What Has to be Defined Before Autorouting Design Rules Track Width and Net Classes Grid Memory Requirement Layer Preferred Directions Restricted Areas for the Autorouter Cost Factors and Other Control Parameters 7.5 How the Cost Factors Influence the Routing Process cfBase.xx: 0..20 cfVia: 0..99 cfNonPref: 0..10 cfChangeDir: 0..25 cfOrthStep, cfDiagStep cfExtdStep: 0..30 cfBonusStep, cfMalusStep: 1..3 cfPadImpact, cfSmdImpact: 0..10 cfBusImpact: 0..10 cfHugging: 0..5 cfAvoid 0..10 cfPolygon 0..30 mnVia 0..30 mnSegments 0..9999 mnExtdSteps 0..9999 7.6 Number of Ripup/Retry Attempts 7.7 The Autorouter Menu 7.8 Routing Multi-Layer Boards Supply Layers Polygons as Supply Layers 7.9 Backup and Interruption of Routing 7.10 Information for the User Status Display Log file 7.11 Parameters of a Control File 7.12 Practical Tips General Single-Sided Boards SMD Boards With Supply Layers What can be done if not all signals are routed? 145 145 145 145 145 146 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 152 153 153 156 156 159 163 167 169 169 173 179 181 182 188 188 190 192 192 193 193 193 194 195 196 197 197 197 8 Component Design Explained through Examples 8.1 Definition of a Simple Resistor Resistor Package Resistor Symbol Resistor Device 8.2 Defining a Complex Device Creating a New Library Drawing the Pin-Leaded Housing Defining the SMD Package Defining the Logic Symbol for the Schematic Diagram Defining a Power Supply Symbol Associating the Packages and Symbols to Form a Device Set 8.3 Supply Voltages Component Power Supply Pins 8.4 Supply Symbols 8.5 Labeling of Schematic Symbols 8.6 Pins with the Same Names 8.7 More about the Addlevel Parameter Summary Relay: Coil and First Contact must be Placed Connector: Some Connection Surfaces can be Omitted Connector with Fixing Hole and Forbidden Area 8.8 Drawing Frames 8.9 Components on the Solder Side 8.10 Creating New Package Variants Package from Another Library Using a Modified Package from Another Library 8.11 Defining Packages in Any Rotation Rotating a Package as a Whole Packages with Radial Pad Arrangement 8.12 Library and Part Management Copying of Library Elements Removing and Renaming Library Elements Update Packages in Libraries 200 201 201 202 203 203 206 207 209 209 210 210 211 211 211 213 213 213 214 214 215 216 217 219 219 220 221 222 222 222 222 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 229 229 230 231 9 Preparing the Manufacturing Data 9.1 Data for Board Manufacture Gerber Format Drill Data Data for Milling Machines Data for Component Insertion Machines 9.2 Which Files does the Board Maker Need? Files Generated with the CAM Processor Additional Information for the Board Manufacturer 9.3 Rules that Save Time and Money 9.4 Generating the Data with Ready-Made CAM Jobs Gerber.cam Job for Two-Layer Boards Job rs274x.cam Drill Data 9.5 Set Output Parameters 9.6 Names of the Output Files 9.7 Automating the Output with CAM Processor Jobs Defining a Job Extending gerber.cam Job for Multilayer Boards 9.8 Gerber Files for Photoplotters with Fixed Aperture Wheels Info File Aperture Emulation Aperture Tolerances Defining the Aperture Configuration 9.9 Device Driver in File eagle.def Creating Your Own Device Driver Units in the Aperture Configuration File 9.10 Film Generation Using PostScript Files 9.11 Documentation Parts List Drill Plan A. Layers and their Usage In Layout and Package Editor In Schematic, Symbol, and Device Editor B. EAGLE Files Appendix C. EAGLE Options at a Glance D. Configuration of the Text Menu E. Text Variables F. Error Messages When Loading a File In a Library In the CAM Processor 232 236 237 237 237 240 240 Chapter 1 Introduction This manual describes the use of the EAGLE software and its basic principles. The order of chapters follows the typical process from drawing a schematic to a ready-to-use layout. 1.1 What is in This Manual? A chapter's main heading is intended to tell you briefly what the contents of that chapter are. Here in the first chapter we want to give a quick overview what you can expect from this manual. Chapter 1 -- Introduction Contains a preview of the manual. Chapter 2 -- Installation Deals with the program's installation. Chapter 3 -- EAGLE Modules and Editions Explains the various program variants. Chapter 4 -- A First Look at EAGLE Gives a preview of the program's structure and describes the editor windows and their commands. Chapter 5 -- Principles for Working with EAGLE Examines the basic ways of using and configuring EAGLE. Chapter 6 -- From Schematic to Finished Layout Follows the route from schematic to layout. Chapter 7 -- The Autorouter Dedicated to the Autorouter module and its configuration. Chapter 8 -- Component Design Explained through Examples Explains the definition of library components through examples and informs about library and component management. Chapter 9 -- Preparing the Manufacturing Data Everything you need to know about generating manufacturing data. 11 EAGLE Manual Appendix Lists useful additional information and explains some error messages EAGLE prompts in certain situations. For a quick, hands-on introduction, refer to the EAGLE Tutorial. Please read the tutorial for a better understanding before working with the manual. Anybody who has already been working with a prior version of EAGLE is advised to read the file UPDATE under Linux or UPDATE.TXT under Windows. It contains a description of all the differences from earlier versions. This file is located in the eagle/doc directory. Please read it before you start working with EAGLE 4. Information that was not available or that has been changed since printing this manual is also described in UPDATE or UPDATE.TXT, or, if it exists, in a README file. Detailed information, especially about the EAGLE command language and the EAGLE User Language, is available on the help pages. You can reach a basic understanding very quickly by using this manual, and you can use the convenient search features of the help function to quickly locate the answers to particular questions. 1.2 Technical Terms In this manual, in the help function, and in EAGLE itself we frequently use some technical terms that should be explained here in a few words. Airwire: Unrouted connection on a board, displayed in the unrouted layer (= rubber band). Annulus Symbol: An isolation ring that will be drawn in a supply layer or in a copper-filled area. Blind Via: A plated-through hole for changing the layer of a track which has not been drilled through all layers in the production process of a multilayer board. Buried Via: A plated-trough hole, which has been drilled through the current layer stack in the production process like a normal (through) via, but does not connect all layers of the whole board. Core: Two copper layers applied to a solid substrate. 12 Introduction Design Rule Check (DRC): EAGLE can identify the violation of certain Design Rules (e.g. if two different tracks overlap or are too close) with the DRC. Device: A fully defined element in a library. Consists of a package and a symbol. Device Set: Consists of devices that use the same symbols for the schematic but have different package variants or technologoies. Drill: Plated-through drilling in the layout (in pads and vias) Electrical Rule Check (ERC): EAGLE can identify the violation of certain electrical rules (e.g. if two outputs are connected) with the ERC. It also checks the consistency of the schematic and the layout. Forward&Back Annotation: Transforms all the actions one makes in a schematic online into the layout (and with limitations from layout into schematic). Both files are consistent all the time. Gate: The term gate is used in this manual for a part of a component which can be individually placed on a schematic. This can be one gate of a TTL component, one contact pair in a relay, or an individual resistor from a resistor array. Hole: Non plated-through drilling in the layout (e.g. a mounting hole). Layer Stack: Current number and order of copper and isolation layers which are used to build up a printed circuit board. Micro Via: A plated-through hole (like blind via) with a relatively small drill diameter which connects an outer layer with the next reachable inner layer. Net: Electrical connection in a schematic. Package: Component footprint stored in a library. Pad: Through-hole pad associated with a package. Pin: Connection point on a schematic symbol. Prepreg: Used in a compound of inner and outer layers for multilayer boards. 13 EAGLE Manual Rack: Configuration table for a drilling machine. Needed for generating drill data. Ratsnest: Command for calculating the shortest airwires. Restring: Remaining width of the copper ring around a plated-through pad or via. Signal: Electrical connection in a board. Supply Symbol: Represents a supply signal in the schematic. Causes the ERC to run special checks. Symbol: Schematic representation of a component, stored in a library. User Language: Freely programmable, C-like language for data import and export. Via: Plated-through hole for changing the layer of a track. See also micro via, blind via, and buried via. Wheel: Aperture configuration file. Generated with Gerber data for board manufacturing. Wire: Electrical connection in a board, or a line (since lines are drawn with the WIRE command). 14 Chapter 2 Installation 2.1 What You Have Received The EAGLE pack, with the license agreement on the outside, contains the EAGLE CD-ROM, a license disk, the User License Certificate with the personal installation code, a training manual and this reference manual. It may be that not all of these items are included if you have asked for an upgrade to an existing Version 4 installation or for an extension of your license. In all cases, however, there is a new License Certificate and a new license disk. Keep the User License Certificate with your personal installation code in a safe place, inaccessible to unauthorized persons! Never give the license file or installation code to others! Never send your installation code by e-mail to CadSoft or to anyone else. You need the license card as evidence of your entitlement to future upgrades or updates. 2.2 New Installations The CD contains EAGLE for Windows (95, NT 4.0, and above) and Linux. Any particularly recent or additional information about the installation may be found in the README files in the relevant directories on the CD-ROM or on an included floppy disk. Windows Place the CD-ROM in the drive. After a short delay the CD-ROM startup window should open. If this does not happen, double-click on the CD-ROM symbol in the My Computer folder on the Windows desktop. 15 EAGLE Manual When the CD-ROM startup window has opened, the first thing to do is to select the language in which you want to work. The help texts and additional documentation will be installed in that language. In the next window, click on the Install program item, and then simply follow the setup routine. You will be asked for the license disk as the installation proceeds. Keep it to hand. The program must be licensed the first time it is called. Enter the path to the license file (usually A:\license.key) and your personal installation code, as noted on the EAGLE User License Certificate, into the EAGLE Product Registration window. The program will then start, and will show the license data in the Control Panel. You can display the license data at any time in the EAGLE Control Panel by means of the Help/Product Information menu. Linux You can either use the RPM or the TGZ archive to install EAGLE on your system. The following assumes that you have mounted the EAGLE CD-ROM as /cdrom, and that you are logged in to your system as root user. Installing the RPM Archive: Use rpm to install the package: rpm -i /cdrom/english/linux/install/eagle-4.NNe-1.i386.rpm By default this package installs to /opt/eagle, but you can relocate it to a different directory using rpm's -prefix option. Note that a shell script will be executed that installs a symbolic link to the executable file in /usr/local/bin, and also copies the manual page to /usr/local/man/man1. You can use rpm's -noscripts option to avoid this. Enter the command /opt/eagle/bin/eagle to invoke the product registration (you need to have write access to that directory for doing this!). Installing the TGZ Archive: Create a new directory on your system (e.g. /opt/eagle): mkdir /opt/eagle cd /opt/eagle Use tar to extract the archive: tar xvzf /cdrom/english/linux/install/eagle4.xxe.tgz 16 Installation Change into the directory that has just been extracted from the archive: cd /opt/eagle/eagle-4.xxe Run the installation script: ./install Enter the command bin/eagle to invoke the product registration (you need to have write access to that directory for doing this!). Usage To use EAGLE you should create a working directory mkdir /home/username/eagle change into that directory cd /home/username/eagle and start the program eagle 2.3 Updating an Older Version Follow the same procedure described in the section on New Installations on page 15. Please read the file update.txt in the EAGLE directory, in order to familiarize yourself with the changes in the new version of the program. Additional notes on installing an update may be found in the latest README files. For reasons of safety it is good practice to create a backup of your previous data before proceeding! Files from earlier versions can be used directly with the current one. In case the files were made with a version prior to EAGLE 2.60 you have to convert them with a program named Update26.exe. Detailed information about this can be found on page 239. 2.4 Changing or Extending the License If you are changing your license you will receive a new User License Certificate with a new installation code, together with a floppy disk and a new license file. Run EAGLE, and select the item Product Registration in the Control Panel under the Help menu. You will now be asked for the path to the 17 EAGLE Manual license.key file (on the license disc) and for the installation code. Enter both of these and click OK. The program has now been re-licensed. You can call up the license data at any time in the EAGLE Control Panel by means of the Help/Product Information menu. 2.5 Multiple Users and Network Licenses Multiple-user licenses may be installed separately on different computers, or may be used in a network within the scope of the license conditions. The installation procedure in a network is generally the same as that on a stand-alone computer, and is described in the section on New Installations on page 15. Installing in a Network The user rights of multiple-user or network licenses differ from those of the single-user version. It does not contain any special network mechanism, and can therefore be used in most networks. A typical installation can look like this: The EAGLE program is installed on a server. Library, design, ULP proj, ect and other directories can be freely chosen. After installation, EAGLE is started and licensed from one of the workstations. This requires write access in the eagle/bin directory. The license file that has been created, eagle.key, is not changed again after the installation. Write access is no longer required. EAGLE can now be called from all the other workstations. Please ensure that all the workstations call EAGLE in the same way as was used when licensing. A private working directory (local or on the network) can now be set up for each computer. A user-specific configuration file (eaglerc.usr under Windows, or .eaglerc under Linux) is located in this directory. Further sub-directories can then, for instance, contain individual projects. Alternatively it is possible for each computer on which EAGLE is to be available to have a separate license. In this case, copy the eagle.key file that was created in the EAGLE program directory (eagle/bin) into the computer's private working directory. When first starting the program, enter the installation code and the path to the license file license.key. This procedure is recommended, for instance, for multiple-user licenses for 3 to 5 users who will only work at specific computers. 18 Installation Special Instructions Under Windows Path Information It has been found to be helpful to use the server names in UNC notation when giving the path for calling EAGLE, rather than the drive letters. For example: \\netservername\eagle\bin\eagle.exe Different Operating Systems at the Working Computers If network computers having different Windows systems are in use, it is first necessary to perform an installation as described above. The following situation can arise: All the computers that are using, for instance, Windows 2000 can run EAGLE. Computers with Windows ME, however, cannot. In order to be able to operate the computers running Windows ME as well, copy the files eagle.exe and eagle.key, located in the eagle\bin directory on the server, to, for instance, eagle2000.exe and eagle2000.key. Now start all the computers that run Windows 2000, using the command EAGLE2000 Then start EAGLE from a computer with Windows ME, and license it again with the installation code and the license disc. The eagle.key file is then valid for all the Windows ME computers. The program is run with EAGLE You need write authorization for the eagle\bin directory to perform the copying and licensing! 19 Chapter 3 EAGLE Modules and Editions 3.1 EAGLE Modules A number of EAGLE editions are offered. You can add an Autorouter Module and/or a Schematic diagram Module to the Layout Editor. The term module is used because EAGLE always behaves like one single program. The user interface is identical for all parts of the program. The Layout Editor, the Basic Module The basic EAGLE software package comes with the Layout Editor, which allows you to design printed circuit boards (pcbs), plus the Library Editor, the CAM Processor, and the text editor. With the Library Editor you can already design packages (footprints), symbols and devices (for a schematic). The CAM Processor is the program which generates the output data for the production of the pcb (e.g. Gerber or drill files). It is also possible to use User Language programs and script files. Schematic Module If you have the schematic module you begin by drawing a circuit diagram. You can generate the associated circuit board at any time with a mouse-click. EAGLE then changes to the Layout Editor, where the packages are placed next to an empty board - connected via airwires (rubber bands). From here you can go on designing with the Layout Editor as usual. Schematic and layout are automatically kept consistent by EAGLE (Forward&Back Annotation). Schematic diagrams can consist of up to 99 sheets. 21