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fx-95MS fx-100MS fx-115MS (fx-912MS) fx-570MS fx-991MS User's Guide kfx-912MS owners Please be sure to read the important notice of this manual. E http://world.casio.com/edu_e/ CASIO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. Unit 6, 1000 North Circular Road, London NW2 7JD, U.K. Removing and Replacing the Calculator's Cover · Before starting .....1 Holding the cover as shown in the illustration, slide the unit out of the cover. · After you are finished .....2 Holding the cover as shown in the illustration, slide the unit out of the cover. · Always slide the keyboard end of the unit into the cover first. Never slide the display end of the unit into the cover. .....1 .....2 1 Safety Precautions Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later reference. Caution This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in personal injury or material damage if ignored. Batteries · After removing the battery from the calculator, put it in a safe place where it will not get into the hands of small children and accidentally swallowed. · Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If accidentally swallowed, consult with a physician immediately. · Never charge batteries, try to take batteries apart, or allow batteries to become shorted. Never expose batteries to direct heat or dispose of them by incineration. · Misuse of batteries can cause them to leak and damage nearby items, and can create the risk of fire and personal injury. · Always make sure that the battery's positive k and negative l ends are facing correctly when you load it into the calculator. · Remove the battery if you do not plan to use the calculator for a long time (fx-95MS/100MS/570MS). · Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this manual. Disposing of the Calculator · Never dispose of the calculator by burning it. Doing so can cause certain components to suddenly burst, creating the risk of fire and personal injury. · The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User's Guide are for illustrative purposes 2 only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent. · The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. · In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. Handling Precautions · Be sure to press the 5 key before using the calculator for the first time. · Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every three years for the fx115MS/fx-570MS/fx-991MS, or at least once every two years for the fx-95MS/fx-100MS. A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator. · The battery that comes with this unit discharges slightly during shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life. · Low battery power can cause memory contents to become corrupted or lost completely. Always keep written records of all important data. · Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to temperature extremes. Very low temperatures can cause slow display response, total failure of the display, and shortening of battery life. Also avoid leaving the calculator in direct sunlight, near a window, near a heater or anywhere else it might be exposed to very high temperatures. Heat can cause discoloration or deformation of the calculator's case, and damage to internal circuitry. 3 · Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to large amounts of humidity and dust. Take care never to leave the calculator where it might be splashed by water or exposed to large amounts of humidity or dust. Such conditions can damage internal circuitry. · Never drop the calculator or otherwise subject it to strong impact. · Never twist or bend the calculator. Avoid carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trousers or other tight-fitting clothing where it might be subjected to twisting or bending. · Never try to take the calculator apart. · Never press the keys of the calculator with a ballpoint pen or other pointed object. · Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator. If the calculator becomes very dirty, wipe it off with a cloth moistened in a weak solution of water and a mild neutral household detergent. Wring out all excess moisture before wiping the calculator. Never use thinner, benzene or other volatile agents to clean the calculator. Doing so can remove printed markings and can damage the case. 4 Contents Removing and Replacing the Calculator's Cover ................................... 1 Safety Precautions .................................. 2 Handling Precautions ............................. 3 Two-line Display ...................................... 7 Before getting started... .......................... 7 kModes .................................................................... 7 kInput Capacity ........................................................ 8 kMaking Corrections During Input ........................... 9 kReplay Function ..................................................... 9 kError Locator .......................................................... 9 kMulti-statements .................................................. 10 kExponential Display Formats ............................... 10 kDecimal Point and Separator Symbols ................ 11 k Initializing the Calculator ...................................... 11 Basic Calculations ................................ 11 k Arithmetic Calculations ........................................ kFraction Operations ............................................. kPercentage Calculations ...................................... kDegrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations ............ kFIX, SCI, RND ..................................................... kAnswer Memory ................................................... kConsecutive Calculations .................................... kIndependent Memory ........................................... k Variables .............................................................. 11 12 14 15 15 16 17 17 17 Memory Calculations ............................ 16 Scientific Function Calculations .......... 18 kTrigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric Functions ... 18 kHyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ............ 19 5 kCommon and Natural Logarithms/ Antilogarithms ...................................................... 19 kSquare Roots, Cube Roots, Roots, Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials, Random Numbers, , and Permutation/Combination .................................... 20 kAngle Unit Conversion ......................................... 21 kCoordinate Conversion (Pol (x, y), Rec (r, )) ..... 21 kEngineering Notation Calculations ...................... 22 Equation Calculations .......................... 22 kQuadratic and Cubic Equations ........................... 22 kSimultaneous Equations ...................................... 24 Statistical Calculations ......................... 26 Standard Deviation .................................................. 26 Regression Calculations .......................................... 28 Technical Information ........................... 32 kWhen you have a problem...... ............................. kError Messages ................................................... kOrder of Operations ............................................. kStacks .................................................................. kInput Ranges ....................................................... 32 32 34 35 36 Power Supply (fx-95MS only) ...................... 38 Specifications (fx-95MS only) ..................... 39 6 Two-line Display The two-line display makes it possible to view both the calculation formula and its result at the same time. · The upper line shows the calculation formula. · The lower line shows the result. A separator symbol is displayed every three digits when the integer part of the mantissa has more than three digits. Before getting started... k Modes Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode as indicated in the table below. · The following table shows the modes and required operations for the fx-95MS only. Users of other models should refer to the "User's Guide 2 (Additional Functions)" for information about modes and their selection. fx-95MS Modes To perform this type of calculation: Basic arithmetic calculations Standard deviation Regression calculations Solution of equations 7 Perform this To enter key operation: this mode: F1 F2 F3 FF1 COMP SD REG EQN · Pressing the F key more than twice displays additional setup screens. Setup screens are described in the sections of this manual where they are actually used to change the calculator setup. · In this manual, the name of the mode you need to enter in order to perform the calculations being described is indicated in the main title of each section. Example: Equation Calculations EQN Note! · To return the calculation mode and setup to the initial defaults shown below, press A B 2(Mode) =. Calculation Mode: Angle Unit: Exponential Display Format: Fraction Display Format: Decimal Point Character: COMP Deg Norm 1 a b/c Dot · Mode indicators appear in the upper part of the display. · Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG, COMP) and angle unit setting (Deg, Rad, Gra) before beginning a calculation. k Input Capacity · The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79 "steps." One step is taken up each time you press a number key or arithmetic operator key ( +, ,, -, \ ). A A or p key operation does not take up a step, so inputting A D, for example, takes up only one step. · You can input up to 79 steps for a single calculation. Whenever you input the 73rd step of any calculation, the cursor changes from "_" to "k" to let you know memory is running low. If you need to input more than 79 steps, you should divide your calculation into two or more parts. · Pressing the g key recalls the last result obtained, which you can use in a subsequent calculation. See "Answer Memory" for more information about using the g key. 8 k Making Corrections During Input · Use e and r to move the cursor to the location you want. · Press [ to delete the number or function at the current cursor position. · Press A K to change to an insert cursor t. Inputting something while the insert cursor is on the display inserts the input at the insert cursor position. · Pressing A K, or = returns to the normal cursor from the insert cursor. k Replay Function · Every time you perform a calculation, the replay function stores the calculation formula and its result in replay memory. Pressing the [ key displays the formula and result of the calculation you last performed. Pressing [ again back steps sequentially (new-to-old) through past calculations. · Pressing the e or r key while a replay memory calculation is on the display changes to the editing screen. · Pressing the e or r key immediately after you finish a calculation displays the editing screen for that calculation. · Pressing t does not clear replay memory, so you can recall the last calculation even after you press t. · Replay memory capacity is 128 bytes for storage of both expressions and results. · Replay memory is cleared by any of the following actions. When you press the 5 key When you initialize modes and settings by pressing A B 2 (or 3) =. When you change from one calculation mode to another When you turn off the calculator. k Error Locator · Pressing r or e after an error occurs displays the calculation with the cursor positioned at the location where the error occurred. 9 k Multi-statements A multi-statement is an expression that is made up of two or more smaller expressions, which are joined using a colon ( : ). · Example: To add 2 + 3 and then multiply the result by 4 2+3p\g-4= 2+3 5. Disp = Ans×4 20. k Exponential Display Formats This calculator can display up to 10 digits. Larger values are automatically displayed using exponential notation. In the case of decimal values, you can select between two formats that determine at what point exponential notation is used. · To change the exponential display format, press the F key a number of times until you reach the exponential display format setup screen shown below. F i x Sc i No r m 1 2 3 · Press 3. On the format selection screen that appears, press 1 to select Norm 1 or 2 for Norm 2. u Norm 1 With Norm 1, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than two decimal places. u Norm 2 With Norm 2, exponential notation is automatically used for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal values with more than nine decimal places. · All of the examples in this manual show calculation results using the Norm 1 format. 10 k Decimal Point and Separator Symbols You can use the display setup (Disp) screen to specify the symbols you want for the decimal point and 3-digit separator. · To change the decimal point and separator symbol setting, press the F key a number of times until you reach the setup screen shown below. Disp 1 · Display the selection screen. fx-95MS: 1r Other Models: 1 r r · Press the number key ( 1 or 2) that corresponds to the setting you want to use. 1(Dot): Period decimal point, comma separator 2(Comma): Comma decimal point, period separator k Initializing the Calculator · Perform the following key operation when you want to initialize the calculation mode and setup, and clear replay memory and variables. A B 3(All) = Basic Calculations k Arithmetic Calculations COMP Use the F key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform basic calculations. COMP ............................................................. F 1 · Negative values inside of calculations must be enclosed within parentheses. sin ­1.23 S R D 1.23 T 11 · It is not necessary to enclose a negative exponent within parentheses. sin 2.34 10­5 S 2.34 e D 5 · Example 1: 3 (5 10­9) 1.5 10­8 3-5eD9= · Example 2: 5 (9 7) 80 5-R9+7T= · You can skip all T operations before =. k Fraction Operations uFraction Calculations · Values are displayed in decimal format automatically whenever the total number of digits of a fractional value (integer + numerator + denominator + separator marks) exceeds 10. · Example 1: 2 3 1 5 13 15 2C3+1C5= · Example 2: 3 1 4 13 15.00 11 12 3C1C4+ 1 2 3 4 1C2C3= · Example 3: · Example 4: 2 4 1 2 4 11 12.00 2C4= 1 2 1.6 2.1 1 C 2 + 1.6 = · Results of calculations that mix fraction and decimal values are always decimal. uDecimal Fraction Conversion · Use the operation shown below to convert calculation results between decimal values and fraction values. · Note that conversion can take as long as two seconds to perform. 12 · Example 1: 2.75 2 3 (Decimal Fraction) 4 2.75 = 2.75 C 11 4 · Example 2: 2 3 4.00 11 4.00 AB 1 0.5 (Fraction Decimal) 2 1C2= 1 2.00 0.500 1 2.00 C C uMixed Fraction Improper Fraction Conversion · Example: 1 2 5 3 3 1C2C3= 1 2 3.00 5 3.00 1 2 3.00 AB AB · You can use the display setup (Disp) screen to specify the display format when a fraction calculation result is greater than one. · To change the fraction display format, press the q key a number of times until you reach the setup screen shown below. Disp 1 · Display the selection screen. fx-95MS: 1 Other Models: 1 r · Press the number key ( 1 or 2) that corresponds to the setting you want to use. 1(a b/c): Mixed fraction 2(d/c): Improper fraction 13 · An error occurs if you try to input a mixed fraction while the d/c display format is selected. k Percentage Calculations · Example 1 : To calculate 12% of 1500 (180) 1500 - 12 A v · Example 2: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660 (75%) 660 \ 880 A v · Example 3 : To add 15% onto 2500 (2875) 2500 - 15 A v + · Example 4 : To discount 3500 by 25% (2625) 3500 - 25 A v , · Example 5: To discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20% (800) 168 + 98 + 734 = g A j 1 p 1 - 20 A v , * As shown here, if you want to use the current Answer Memory value in a mark up or discount calculation, you need to assign the Answer Memory value into a variable and then use the variable in the mark up/discount calculation. This is because the calculation performed when v is pressed stores a result to Answer Memory before the , key is pressed. · Example 6: If 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage increase in weight? (160%) 300 + 500 A v · Example 7: What is the percentage change when a value is increased from 40 to 46? How about to 48? (15%, 20%) 46 , 40 A v eeeeee8= 14 * k Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations · You can perform sexagesimal calculations using degrees (hours), minutes, and seconds, and convert between sexagesimal and decimal values. · Example 1: To convert the decimal value 2.258 to a sexagesimal value and then back to a decimal value 2.258 = 2.258 2°15°28.8 2.258 AO I · Example 2: To perform the following calculation: 12°34'56" 3.45 12 I 34 I 56 I - 3.45 = 43°24°31.2 k FIX, SCI, RND · To change the settings for the number of decimal places, the number of significant digits, or the exponential display format, press the F key a number of times until you reach the setup screen shown below. F i x Sc i No r m 1 2 3 · Press the number key ( 1, 2, or 3) that corresponds to the setup item you want to change. 1 (Fix): Number of decimal places 2 (Sci): Number of significant digits 3 (Norm): Exponential display format · Example 1: 200 Ö 7 14 200 \ 7 - 14 = (Specifies three decimal places.) 400.00 FIX F..... 1(Fix) 3 15 400.00000 (Internal calculation continues using 12 digits.) 200 \ 7 =