User manual DESIGN SCIENCE MATHTYPE

MathType Mathematical Equation Editor USER MANUAL Published By Design Science, Inc. 4028 Broadway Long Beach, CA 90803 U.S.A. Phone: (562) 433-0685 Fax: (562) 433-6969 E-mail: info@dessci.com Technical Support: support@dessci.com Web: www.dessci.com Copyright © 1987-2001 by Design Science, Inc. All rights reserved. MathType, MathPage, MathZoom, MathPlayer and "The best thing for writing equations since chalk!" are trademarks of Design Science, Inc. Macintosh and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. Times and Helvetica are registered trademarks of Allied Corporation. Adobe, Adobe Type Manager, FrameMaker, InDesign, PageMaker and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc. TEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. IBM and techexplorer are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. HP, LaserJet, DeskJet, and PCL are trademarks of Hewlett Packard Corporation. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark Inc. WordPerfect is a registered trademark of Corel Corporation. All other company and product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Portions of GIF technology are licensed from Unisys Corp. under U.S. Patent No. 4,558,302 and foreign counterparts. First Printing: August 2001 Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ...............................................................................1 About MathType............................................................................................1 Using this Manual .........................................................................................3 Additional MathType Documentation ............................................................4 Getting Help..................................................................................................4 Registering Your Copy of MathType .............................................................5 Chapter 2 Getting Started ..........................................................................7 Overview.......................................................................................................7 System Requirements ..................................................................................7 Installing MathType.......................................................................................7 What To Do Next...........................................................................................8 Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType..........................................8 Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users....................................................9 Equation Conversion Manager .....................................................................9 Chapter 3 Basic Concepts .......................................................................11 Introduction .................................................................................................11 The MathType Window ...............................................................................12 Keyboard Notation in this Manual...............................................................14 Entering Text from the Keyboard ................................................................14 Inserting Symbols .......................................................................................15 Inserting Templates.....................................................................................16 Placing the Insertion Point ..........................................................................16 Moving the Insertion Point ..........................................................................17 Selecting Items in an Equation ...................................................................18 The ENTER Key ..........................................................................................18 Keyboard Shortcuts ....................................................................................19 Chapter 4 Tutorials ...................................................................................21 Before You Start..........................................................................................21 Tutorial 1: Fractions and Square Roots ......................................................22 Tutorial 2: Sums, Subscripts & Superscripts...............................................26 Tutorial 3: Editing Old Equations ................................................................29 Tutorial 4: Including Text in an Equation .....................................................31 Tutorial 5: Using MathType's Toolbar..........................................................32 Tutorial 6: Spacing and Alignment ..............................................................36 i MathType User Manual Tutorial 7: A Simple Matrix ..........................................................................38 Tutorial 8: Fonts and Styles ........................................................................41 Tutorial 9: Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word .....................................45 Tutorial 10: Advanced Equation Numbering in Microsoft Word ..................49 Tutorial 11: Setting Up a Microsoft Word Document...................................51 Tutorial 12: Formatting with Tabs................................................................53 Tutorial 13: Inserting Unusual Symbols ......................................................55 Tutorial 14: Creating Web Pages with Microsoft Word ...............................58 Tutorial 15: Creating Web Pages with GIF Files.........................................60 Tutorial 16: Customizing the Keyboard.......................................................62 A Tutorial 17: Working with TEX, L TEX & MathML......................................63 Tutorial 18: Exporting Equations in Microsoft Word....................................66 What To Do Next.........................................................................................68 Chapter 5 Working with Other Applications ..........................................69 Introduction .................................................................................................69 MathType and the MathType Server...........................................................69 Inserting Equations into a Document..........................................................70 Moving and Resizing Equations in Documents ..........................................72 Inline Equations ..........................................................................................72 Equation Numbering ...................................................................................73 Working with Equation Files .......................................................................73 Working with Microsoft Word ......................................................................75 Working with Adobe Acrobat.......................................................................80 Using TEX, MathML and other Translators ................................................81 Working with Paint and Draw Applications..................................................82 Working with Presentation Applications......................................................83 Working with Desktop Publishing Applications ...........................................84 Working with non-Windows Computers......................................................84 Chapter 6 Creating Web Pages Containing Equations .........................87 Introduction .................................................................................................87 MathPage ...................................................................................................87 The Export To MathPage Dialog.................................................................88 Tips for Better Web Pages..........................................................................90 Master Documents......................................................................................91 Copying Web Pages to a Web Server ........................................................92 Editing a MathPage-Generated Web Page ................................................92 Creating Web Pages with Other Authoring Programs ................................93 Creating Web Pages Using Adobe Acrobat ................................................93 ii Table of Contents Chapter 7 Fonts, Styles, Sizes and Spacing ..........................................95 Introduction .................................................................................................95 Styles ..........................................................................................................95 Automatic Style Assignment .......................................................................97 Explicit Style Assignments ..........................................................................98 Typesizes....................................................................................................99 Automatic Size Assignments ....................................................................100 Explicit Size Assignments .........................................................................100 Spacing.....................................................................................................100 Equation Preferences ...............................................................................101 Using Preference Files .............................................................................101 Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting ...........................................................103 Introduction ...............................................................................................103 Overriding Automatic Spacing ..................................................................103 Nudging ....................................................................................................104 Fence Alignment .......................................................................................105 Changing the Font of Individual Characters .............................................106 Changing the Size of Individual Characters..............................................107 Choosing Fonts for Math Documents .......................................................107 Fonts as Sources of Additional Symbols ..................................................108 MathType's Font and Character Knowledge.............................................109 Tabs .......................................................................................................... 111 Appendix A Font Charts.........................................................................113 MathType's Fonts .....................................................................................113 Symbol, plain ............................................................................................114 MT Extra, plain..........................................................................................115 Euclid Symbol, plain .................................................................................116 Euclid Symbol, italic..................................................................................117 Euclid Symbol, bold ..................................................................................118 Euclid Symbol, bold-italic..........................................................................119 Euclid, plain ..............................................................................................120 Euclid, italic...............................................................................................121 Euclid, bold ...............................................................................................122 Euclid, bold-italic.......................................................................................123 Euclid Extra, plain .....................................................................................124 Euclid Extra, bold......................................................................................125 Euclid Fraktur, plain ..................................................................................126 Euclid Fraktur, bold ...................................................................................127 iii MathType User Manual Euclid Math One, plain..............................................................................128 Euclid Math One, bold ..............................................................................129 Euclid Math Two, plain..............................................................................130 Euclid Math Two, bold...............................................................................131 Index ........................................................................................................133 iv Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction About MathType MathType is an intelligent mathematical equation editor designed for personal computers running Microsoft Windows or the Apple MacOS. It's an application that allows you to create complex equations through simple point-and-click techniques, and then use them in documents, Web pages, or markup-based A systems like L TEX and MathML. Using MathType in conjunction with a wordprocessing, page-layout, or graphics application, you can easily create tests and class notes, technical reports, view-graphs, research papers, dissertations, slides, and even entire books. MathType is also the professional version of the Equation Editor that comes with Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect and many other popular applications, and provides a seamless upgrade to the capabilities found in Equation Editor. TM MathType's User Interface As with most Windows applications, the MathType user interface is intuitive and very visually oriented. For each basic mathematical construct, MathType provides a template containing symbols and various empty slots. There are around 175 templates in all, including fractions, radicals, sums, integrals, products, matrices, and various types of brackets and braces. You create equations simply by inserting templates and filling in their slots. You can insert templates into the slots of other templates, so complex hierarchical formulas can be built up in a natural way. In addition, MathType provides on-screen icons for over 214 special mathematical symbols, many of which are unique to MathType and are not available in the standard Symbol font. You can insert these symbols into an equation simply by clicking on them -- you don't need to remember anything about fonts and keystroke combinations. You can easily modify MathType's user interface to speed up your work. It provides a set of customizable toolbars on which you can place templates, common equation fragments, or any character from any font on your computer. Then you can insert these items into your equations with just a single click. Any of MathType's symbols and templates, and most of its other commands and operations, can also be accessed via the keyboard, rather than the mouse. You can even design a custom keyboard layout to fit your own way of working. 1 MathType User Manual Intelligence MathType is intelligent in the sense that it understands mathematics and the established rules of mathematical typesetting. For example, it automatically resizes square root signs and parentheses to fit their contents, inserts appropriately sized spaces around mathematical operators and relational symbols, and displays standard mathematical abbreviations like lim, log and sin in an appropriate style. This built-in intelligence frees you from having to worry about many of the details of equation layout; it improves the consistency of your work and saves a considerable amount of time, both in the initial creation of equations and in subsequent proof-reading and editing. Cooperating with Other Applications MathType can work with a wide range of document processing applications. The optimal method of incorporating equations into your documents depends on what kind of document you need to create. MathType equations can be integrated into documents in several ways: · Using standard Cut-and-Paste or Drag-and-Drop techniques. · Using an application's Insert Object command (Object Linking and Embedding, also known as OLE). A · Equations can be converted into TEX, L TEX, MathML, or other textual languages using a customizable translation mechanism. · Equations can be saved in a variety of file formats; as Windows Metafiles (WMF), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files, or as GIF files, ready to be imported into documents. · Using MathType's MathPage technology, Microsoft Word documents containing equations can be converted into Web pages that any browser can display, with no plug-ins required! The equations can even be magnified with TM MathPage's MathZoom option for easier viewing. Chapter 5 provides more detailed advice about the various methods for importing equations into documents. Chapter 6 describes how to generate Web pages from Word documents. Equations that you have transferred into documents can be brought back into MathType for editing or reuse. You can do this using Cut-and-Paste commands, or in Windows applications that support OLE, double-clicking an equation brings it into MathType automatically. TM 2 Chapter 1: Introduction Using this Manual This manual was written assuming that you understand the basic operation of your computer and the Windows environment. You should be familiar with concepts such as mouse clicking, dragging, scrolling, and so on. Please refer to your Windows manual or online Help if you need to refresh your memory. MathType has a very intuitive user interface, and you can probably learn its basic capabilities just by experimenting with it. However, reading this manual can cut down on the learning time needed to become productive. Some of MathType's most powerful features are best discovered and understood by reading about them first. We've also provided many hints and shortcuts that will enable you to get the most benefit from MathType in the shortest possible time. If you want to gain a sound understanding of MathType and get the most out of it, you should consider reading most of the material in the next four chapters of this manual. The purpose of each chapter is as follows: Chapter 2: Getting Started Tells you how to install MathType. You should read this chapter. Chapter 3: Basic Concepts Describes the fundamental ideas and techniques used in MathType and the tutorial examples. You should at least glance through this chapter. Chapter 4: Tutorials Provides step-by-step instructions for working through some simple examples. Some of the tutorials cover basic concepts and are the easiest way to learn MathType -- we highly recommend that you take a few minutes to work through them. Other tutorials are more advanced and are useful whenever you need a step-by-step introduction to one of MathType's more powerful features. Chapter 5: Working with Other Applications This chapter recommends techniques for using MathType with other applications. You should read this chapter to learn about the different ways of incorporating MathType equations into your documents. Chapter 6: Creating Web Pages Containing Equations Describes MathType's Export to MathPage command, which is the easiest way to generate Web pages containing equations. This chapter also covers other ways of adding equations to Web pages. Chapters 7: Fonts, Styles, Sizes, and Spacing This chapter covers MathType's automatic formatting and its system of styles, sizes, and spacing. You should read this chapter to learn how to use MathType's preference files to give your equations a consistent look. 3 MathType User Manual Chapters 8: Advanced Formatting Read this chapter to learn the finer points of mathematical typesetting in MathType. You will also learn how to override MathType's automatic formatting, if necessary. Appendix A: Font Charts This appendix lists all the fonts that MathType installs, along with charts of the characters contained in each font. Additional MathType Documentation Like most good Windows programs, MathType has online help documentation that can be viewed using the commands on its Help menu. MathType's online help is not a substitute for this manual, but provides specific information regarding menu commands and dialog items, and contains troubleshooting assistance for common problems. To Get the Latest Info Visit our Web site at www.dessci.com for the latest information. While we have tried to make this manual complete and accurate, there may be new information that was not available to us when this manual was written and printed. Use the MathType Read Me command on the Windows Start or Programs menu to see important last-minute information and revisions to this manual. In addition, the MathType Web site at www.dessci.com contains a Technical Support section with articles on: · Working with specific applications that are not covered in this manual, especially those that were released or updated after this manual was written. · Troubleshooting problems that were discovered after this manual was written. · How to extend MathType's knowledge of fonts, symbols, and math languages. · Working with mathematics on the World Wide Web. Getting Help We hope that this manual tells you everything that you need to know about MathType, but it is difficult to foresee every possibility. If you have questions, we request that you first refer to this manual and the online help. If you fail to find the information you need, or you would like to suggest improvements or new features, please feel free to contact us. 4 Chapter 1: Introduction Contact us by E-mail E-mail is usually the best way to contact us and get your questions answered. Although we offer free telephone support, e-mail is usually the best way to get your questions answered. You can reach us by mail, by phone (Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Pacific time), FAX, or electronically, as follows: Design Science, Inc. 4028 Broadway Long Beach, CA 90803 Phone: (562) 433-0685 Fax: (562) 433-6969 Technical Support: support@dessci.com General information: info@dessci.com Web site: www.dessci.com Please include your MathType registration number in any communication. You can find this using the About MathType command on MathType's Help menu. Registering Your Copy of MathType Registering MathType Please register your copy of MathType, so that we can inform you of complementary products and upgrades. If you are a new MathType user, please use the Register MathType command on MathType's Help menu (or send in the registration card that comes in the MathType package), so that we can inform you about upgrades, complementary products, and other important information as they become available. 5 MathType User Manual 6 Chapter 2: Getting Started Chapter 2 Getting Started Overview This chapter describes the steps you need to go through to get MathType up and running and provides helpful information if you are upgrading from our Equation Editor product or a previous version of MathType. MathType's system requirements and installation instructions are listed below. Although installing MathType is simply a matter of running its Setup program and following a few simple instructions, you may want to read this chapter first so you have a better understanding of MathType and its components. System Requirements In order to install and run MathType, your computer must have: · Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4.0, 2000 or later. · A hard disk drive with at least 10 megabytes of free space. MathType does not require a great deal of memory (RAM) or processor power. If you have enough RAM to run Windows, you have enough to run MathType. Installing MathType Installing MathType is very simple -- just run MathType's Setup program and follow its instructions. If You Purchased MathType Online If you purchased MathType from our Web site, you have probably already run MathType Setup. In case you have not, run the file you downloaded (MTWxx.EXE, where xx is the version number) and follow the instructions. No CD Drive? If you need floppy disks to install MathType, contact Design Science. See "Getting Help" in Chapter 1. If You Purchased MathType on CD-ROM or Floppy Disks If you are installing MathType from a CD-ROM, MathType Setup will usually start automatically when you insert the CD-ROM into the drive. If it doesn't, run SETUP.EXE and follow the instructions. This file is in the MathType folder on the CD-ROM. You can run it using the Run command on the Start menu, or the Windows Explorer. 7 MathType User Manual PostScript Users MathType Setup installs the PostScript version of its fonts in the Fonts\PostScript subfolder of the MathType folder. If you have Adobe Type Manager (ATM) you can use it to make the PostScript fonts available. MathType Setup Once you have started MathType Setup, just follow the instructions presented to you. Setup will install the following components: · The MathType application. · All of its fonts, in TrueType and PostScript formats. · Support for Microsoft Word 97, 2000, 2002 and later. · Support for Microsoft PowerPoint 97, 2000, 2002 and later. · A "MathType 5" submenu will be added to the Programs submenu of the Windows Start menu. What to do Next Registering MathType Please register your copy of MathType, so that we can inform you of complementary products and upgrades. Now that you've installed MathType, you're probably ready to start creating equations. But, if you have a few minutes, you might want to look over the rest of this chapter, especially if you are upgrading from Equation Editor or an earlier version of MathType. Once you have finished with this chapter, you have two choices as to what to do next. If you want to understand the basic ideas behind MathType, read Chapter 3. The various elements shown in the MathType window are all described there. On the other hand, if you're an experienced Windows user, and you're feeling impatient and impetuous, you can turn to Chapter 4 and start working through the quick and easy tutorials. MathType is very simple and intuitive, and adheres closely to Windows user interface standards, so you will probably get the hang of it fairly quickly. In the unlikely event that something seems a little strange or confusing, you can always go back and read Chapter 3 or consult MathType's online help. Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType MathType 5 effectively replaces earlier versions of MathType as the application used for editing equations. MathType 5 and MathType 4 cannot coexist on a computer, and MathType 5's Setup will remove MathType 4. However, MathType 5's setup program does not delete older versions (e.g. 3.x) of MathType unless you install it into the same folder on your disk. MathType 5 registers itself as the editor for equations you have already created using the older versions. If you want to change this behavior or fine-tune it, see the "Equation Conversion Manager" section later in this chapter. 8 Chapter 2: Getting Started Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users MathType with Word The "Using MathType with Microsoft Word" section in Chapter 5 contains more useful information for Equation Editor users. It describes the commands and toolbars MathType adds to Word that automate equation insertion, updating, and numbering in Word documents. Once MathType is installed, it effectively replaces Equation Editor as the application used for editing equations. However, MathType's installation program does not delete the Equation Editor application, but simply registers itself as the editor for equations you have already created with Equation Editor (and earlier versions of MathType). If you want to change this behavior or finetune it, see the "Equation Conversion Manager" section below. Equation Conversion Manager Over the years, Design Science has produced several versions of MathType and has licensed several versions of Equation Editor to many other software companies, including Microsoft. You may already have one or more of these installed on your computer now. Every equation is marked with the version of MathType or Equation Editor that was used to create it. You can see this information when, for example, you select an equation in a Microsoft Word document. Word's status bar near the bottom of the screen will show something like, "Double-click to Edit MathType 5 Equation". MathType Setup automatically registers MathType 5 as the editor for equations created by all earlier versions of MathType and Equation Editor. This has two effects: · When you double-click on an existing equation, MathType 5 will be used to edit it and the equation will automatically be converted to a MathType 5 equation. · Other versions of MathType and Equation Editor will no longer appear in the list of insertable objects in your word processor's Insert Object dialog. This is usually what you want to happen, as MathType 5 is more powerful than those other equation editors. However, if this is not what you want to happen, you can use MathType's Equation Conversion Manager to modify this behavior. You must exit MathType before running the manager. The Equation Conversion Manager command is in the MathType 5 submenu, which is located in the Programs submenu in Windows' Start menu. The manager is quite simple to use -- if you are not sure what to do, click on the dialog's Help button for more details. 9 MathType User Manual 10 Chapter 3: Basic Concepts Chapter 3 Basic Concepts Introduction This chapter outlines the basic concepts used in MathType. If you are an experienced Windows user, you will be familiar with some of them already, since they are common to many Windows applications. On the other hand, the symbol and template ideas are unique to MathType, so you may want to read a little about them. The basic purpose of MathType is to allow you to create and edit mathematical equations. In this manual, we use the term "equation" to refer to any combination of mathematical symbols. The approach to equation creation is very intuitive and visually oriented. For each basic mathematical construct, like a fraction or an integral, MathType provides a template containing various symbols and empty slots. You build equations simply by inserting templates and then filling in their slots. Chapter 4 explains the techniques in detail. You will generally be placing MathType equations into a document you're creating with a word processor (or a page layout application, or a similar program). You'll want to run MathType and your word processor simultaneously, and transfer equations into and out of your document. Chapter 5 explains several ways to do this. You can start MathType by clicking on the Start button, choosing Programs, selecting the MathType 5 menu, and then choosing MathType. An empty MathType window will appear. 11 MathType User Manual The MathType Window The picture below shows MathType with all parts of its toolbar visible: Symbol palettes Template palettes Handle Small bar Tabs Large tabbed bar Small tabbed bar Ruler Empty slot Insertion point Selection Palette Status bar Within the equation area itself, there are four items of interest: Empty Slot A slot containing no text is displayed with a dotted outline. Insertion Point A blinking marker consisting of a horizontal line and a vertical line that indicates where text or templates will be inserted next. Selection The part of the equation that will be affected by any subsequent editing commands is highlighted. Status Bar The Status Bar contains four areas that tell you your current settings for Style, Size, Zoom, and Color. You can change these settings using menu commands or simply right-click on an area to show a menu for that setting. While moving the mouse in the toolbar or in the menus, the four Status Bar entries are temporarily replaced by a message that describes the item the mouse pointer is over. At other 12 Chapter 3: Basic Concepts times, the message tells you what operation MathType has just performed or what it is expecting you to do next. MathType Toolbar The MathType toolbar contains five separate areas: the Symbol and Template Palettes, the Small Bar, and the Large and Small Tabbed Bars. Docking and Floating the MathType Toolbar The MathType window picture on the previous page shows the toolbar in the docked position. You can also dock the toolbar at the bottom of the MathType window or you can make it float above all the equation windows. To move the toolbar, use the mouse to grab the Handle at the left end, and to drag it wherever you like. Also, you can toggle the toolbar between its docked and floating positions by double-clicking on its handle, any unused part of the toolbar, or its title bar when it's floating. You can also hide or show the toolbar using the Toolbar command on the View menu. Symbol Palettes If you press or click on one of these buttons, a palette containing various symbols will appear. If you choose one of the symbols, it will be added to your equation at the insertion point. Template Palettes If you press or click on one of these buttons, a palette containing various templates will appear. If you choose one of the templates, it will be added to your equation at the insertion point or, if something is selected, it will "wrap" around it. The Bars Organizing Tip The Tabs allow you to organize your symbols, expressions, and templates into named collections. Tutorial 5 in Chapter 4 shows you how to rename Tabs. The Small Bar and the Large and Small Tabbed Bars are containers in which you can store frequently used symbols, templates, and expressions (whole equations or parts of equations). Adjusting Toolbar Size and Content You will probably not need all of the items described above, so we provide commands on the View menu for showing them or hiding them as you wish. For example, if you have a small screen, you might want to keep some of the bars hidden while you are typing. You can then use one of MathType's keyboard shortcuts to show the bar you need, and then use the shortcut again to hide the bar when you're done. See Tutorial 5 in Chapter 4 for more advice on using the toolbar. 13 MathType User Manual Changing the Size of the Toolbar Buttons You may find MathType's default size of toolbar icons too small to read. You can change their size using the Workspace Preferences command on the Preferences menu. The picture of the MathType window shown previously displays the small button size. Here are the three available sizes of buttons for comparison: Small Medium Large Ruler Shows you how large your equation is, and allows you to set tab stops that control formatting. The MathType window also contains other elements, which we have not labeled since they are common to most Windows applications. Refer to your Windows manual or online Help if any of these items are unfamiliar. Keyboard Notation in this Manual Your computer's keyboard has a number of special keys that we will be referring to frequently in this manual. We will write the names of these keys (and combinations of these keys) in small capitals: CTRL, SHIFT+A, ALT, BACKSPACE, CTRL+TAB, and so on. Your carriage return key might be labeled "Enter" or "Return", and it probably has a symbol printed on it. We will refer to this key as the ENTER key in this manual. You will also have a set of four arrow keys: the LEFT ARROW, RIGHT ARROW, UP ARROW, and DOWN ARROW keys (, , , ). These keys are grouped together on most keyboards, and you should have no trouble identifying them as the "arrow" keys, although your TAB, BACKSPACE, ENTER and SHIFT keys may also have arrows printed on them. Entering Text from the Keyboard When the MathType window first appears on the screen, a single empty slot is displayed as a small dotted box containing the blinking insertion point. Whenever the insertion point is displayed, MathType is ready to accept text. Typing will cause the corresponding characters to be inserted into the slot containing the insertion point. Pressing the BACKSPACE key will erase the character or symbol to the left of the insertion point. Pressing the DELETE key erases the character or symbol to the right of the insertion point. When items are selected in the equation, either the DELETE key or the BACKSPACE key can be used 14