Apollo 360 GPS Receiver User's Guide II Morrow Inc. 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, Oregon 97309 February 1997 P/N 560-0123-01B Apollo 360 GPS Receiver No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written consent of II Morrow Inc. II Morrow is a trademark of II Morrow Inc. Apollo is a registered trademarkof II Morrow Inc. © 1997 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. II Morrow Inc. Consumer Products Division 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, OR 97302 U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726 Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415 FAX (503) 364-2138 International (503) 391-3411 P/N 560-0123-01 B Apollo 360 GPS Receiver History of Revisions October 1994 October 1996 Original Release Revision 01 A February 1997 Revision 01 B Notice regarding 8-channel receiver added to page 3-6 Ordering Information To receive additional copies of this publication, order part #560-0123, Apollo 360 GPS User's Guide. P/N 560-0123-01 B Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual About This Manual This manual is divided into seven sections, each contains information of a specific type. This information is presented in a logical order such that the best understanding of unit operation can be had by reading this manual in its entirety from front to back. The five appendices at the back of this manual contain information helpful, but not critical to operation of the Apollo 360. Those who are familiar with GPS navigation devices will find that Sections 2 and 3 impart a good understanding of unit operation, although it is recommended that a more thorough knowledge of how to use the Apollo 360 is gained before using it as a navigation aid. Here is a brief summary of information presented in each section and appendix. Section 1 An explanation of basic concepts of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and how a GPS receiver works. Note Those familiar with GPS navigation may wish to skip Section 1 and proceed to Section 2 to begin using the Apollo 360. Section 2 An introduction to operating the Apollo 360 GPS receiver with a description of the function keys, knobs, and useful features A listing of the steps necessary to begin navigating using the Apollo GPS receiver Information on using the unit to navigate a trip and a description of navigation options Section 3 Section 4 P/N 560-0123-01 i About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Section 5 Section 6 An explanation of each main menu option A description of the waypoint database and information it contains Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C A glossary of navigation and GPS terms A listing of map datums included with the Apollo 360 A tutorial containing instructions on how to "fly" the Apollo 360 GPS receiver using the built-in simulator Appendix D A troubleshooting guide explaining what to do if the receiver fails to operate properly Appendix E Summary of features ii P/N 560-0123-01 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual Welcome... Welcome to the ever-growing family of II Morrow customers using Apollo products around the world to navigate with a high degree of accuracy. We at II Morrow are proud of our reputation as a leading manufacturer of navigation equipment. Your Apollo model 360 GPS receiver is an advanced navigation device built with quality and pride. We are certain you will find it to be a versatile and valuable navigation instrument. Contacting Our staff of service technicians is available to assist you the with any operational difficulties you may experience or to Factory answer questions about your Apollo 360. Contact the factory anytime from 8:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Pacific time Monday through Friday (excluding holidays). II Morrow Inc. Technical Service Department 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, OR 97301 U.S.A. U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726 Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415 FAX (503) 364-2138 International (503) 391-3411 P/N 560-0123-01 iii About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Caution The Apollo 360 is a powerful navigation tool, but you should never rely solely on any one piece of navigation equipment. It is important to maintain a constant awareness of the navigation picture by using all appropriate resources. This device should be installed only by an FAA certified facility. Certified avionics technicians will properly install and checkout your Apollo 360, ensuring trouble free operation when you fly with the unit. Federal Aviation Administration regulations require pilots to practice SEE and AVOID. Do not study this manual while flying. Make your first flight using the Apollo 360 during good weather in a low traffic area. Read at least Sections 2 and 3 of this manual before you fly. The Apollo 360 is equipped with a built-in simulator to allow you to practice navigating without actually flying. Appendix C at the back of this manual contains a tutorial section explaining how to use the simulator. Try this helpful tool to familiarize yourself with operating the unit before navigating with the Apollo 360. Remember, use the Apollo 360 for VFR operation only. iv P/N 560-0123-01 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents Table of Contents Section 1 Subject Introduction to GPS Navigation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 GPS System Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 2 Introduction to the Apollo GPS Receiver The Operating Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Function Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Navigation Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Menu Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Goto and Nearest Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 New Waypoint Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Waypoint Information Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 The Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Display Care and Cleaning Instructions. . . . . . 2-4 LCD Backlight Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Helpful Instructions on the Display . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Control Knobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 The Power Knob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 The Concentric Rotary Knobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 The Display Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 The Startup Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Navigation Function Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Menu Function Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Goto and Nearest Function Screens . . . . . . . . 2-11 New Waypoint Function Screen . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 Waypoint Information Function Screen. . . . . 2-13 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 3 Getting Started Power Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entering a Seed Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking GPS Signal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking Each Satellite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P/N 560-0123-01 Page 3-1 3-2 3-5 3-6 v Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Entering a Destination Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Section 4 Navigating a Trip About the Navigation Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 About Navigation Function Screens . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 GPS Signal Strength Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Current Messages Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Present Position Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Bearing/ETA/Track Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Bearing/Range/Ground Speed Screen . . . . . . . 4-6 Moving Map/Nav Window Screen . . . . . . . . . 4-7 Moving Map Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Zooming In or Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Auto Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 The Route Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Searching for Nearest Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Creating Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 Getting Waypoint Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Destination Waypoint Information . . . . . . . . 4-13 Information About Other Waypoints . . . . . . . 4-13 Information About Nearest Waypoints . . . . . 4-13 Scanning Waypoints for Information. . . . . . . 4-14 Navigating Multiple Leg Trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Creating a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Changing a Route Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 Adding a Route Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 Deleting Route Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19 Starting a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 Stopping or Holding a Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21 Resuming a Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 Route "Direct To". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22 Subject Page vi P/N 560-0123-01 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents Section 5 Subject Menu Function Options Page The Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Changing Menu Option Settings . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Return to Nav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Operation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 Time and Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 Screen Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 Map Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 Declutter Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 Track Point History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Arrival Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Airspace Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 CDI Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Magnetic Variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 Countdown Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 Serial Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14 User Waypoint Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 System Info 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 System Info 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18 6 The Waypoint Database Database Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Available Waypoint Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ARPT Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VOR Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NDB Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INT Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . USER Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-3 6-4 P/N 560-0123-01 vii Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Appendices A B C D Glossary of Navigation Terms Map Datums Tutorial Troubleshooting Contacting the Factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 E Features viii P/N 560-0123-01 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to GPS Navigation Section 1 Introduction to GPS Navigation GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of Overview 24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898 nautical miles above the earth at an inclination angle of about 55 degrees from the equator. Each satellite orbits the earth twice in 24 hours. The GPS was developed and the satellites launched by the U.S. Department of Defense with the original intent of supplying highly accurate position fix information for military applications. In recent years, commercial applications for the information provided by this system have steadily increased in the civilian sector. Some of the more popular civilian uses of the system include surveying and position fix data recording for civil engineering applications, and a broad range of marine, aviation, and terrestrial navigation applications. While orbiting the earth, each GPS satellite transmits complex streams of data containing the operational status and orbital location of all the satellites in the system. The Apollo 360 receives this data stream and processes the information to determine which satellites are "visible" to the receiver's antenna. With this determination made, the P/N 560-0123-01 1-1 Introduction to GPS Navigation Apollo 360 GPS Receiver receiver chooses satellites to calculate a position fix. Using information transmitted from three or more satellites, the unit can calculate latitude and longitude (usually abbreviated lat/lon); with four or more satellites, GPS altitude can also be calculated. GPS The GPS allows a high degree of position fix accuracy. The System syst ...