User manual GARMIN GPS 12 MAP

GPS 12 MAP owner's manual and reference guide APPENThis manual is This manual is written for operating Software Version 1.0 or above, and is not suitable for earlier softwareoperating written for versions. Software Version 2.0 or above, and is not GARMIN International 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 U.S.A. suitable for earlier Tel: 913/397.8200 Fax: 913/397.8282 software versions. GARMIN International, GARMINE. 151st Street, 1200 (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ U.K. Olathe, Kansas 66062 Tel: 44/1794.519944 Fax: 44/1794.519222 USA Tel: 913-397-8200 GARMIN Corp. No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Fax: 913-397-8282 Tel: 886/2.2642.9199 Fax: 886/2.2642.9099 GARMIN (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Web Site Address: www.garmin.com Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK © 1999-2000 GARMIN Corporation. All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herin, no Tel: 011-44-1794part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored 519944 in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Fax: 011-44-1794GARMIN Corporation hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of 519222 any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed GARMIN (Asia) Corp., manual or of any revision hereto, provided that such electronic or and to print one copy of this printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice 3F, No.1, Lane 45, Paoand provided further Tien, unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any Hsing Road, Hsin that any revision hereto is strictly prohibited. Taipai, Taiwan R.O.C. Tel: 011-886-02-2917Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to 4107 change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify Fax: 011-886-02-2917any person or organization of such changes. 1758 Web Site Address: www.garmin.com © 1999 GARMIN October 2000 All rights Part No. 190-00175-00 Rev. C Printed in Taiwan Corporation. INTRODUCTION About this Manual Thank You! Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12 MAP--the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for marine, automotive and outdoor use! The GPS 12 MAP represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide quality navigation information in a versatile and user-friendly flexible design you'll enjoy for years. To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through the owner's manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS 12 MAP. This manual is organized into three sections for your convenience: Section One (Getting Started) introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12 MAP. Section Two (Simulator Tour) provides a step-by-step lesson in how your new GPS 12 MAP would operate in the real world by utilizing the built-in simulator mode. Section Three (Reference) provides details about the advanced features and operations of the GPS 12 MAP by topic. Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN GPS 12 MAP package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately. Standard Package: · GPS 12 MAP Unit · Wrist Strap · GPS 12 MAP Owner's Manual · Quick Reference Card · PC Interface Cable This product is compatible with optional GARMIN MapSource® software packages, which allow you to download map data using the PC interface cable. See your GARMIN Dealer for detailed information about MapSource options. i INTRODUCTION Cautions Do Not Mount Where Driver's Field of Vision is Blocked Do Not Place Unsecured on the Vehicle Dash Do Not Mount Over Airbag Panels Do Not Mount in Front of an Airbag Field of Deployment CAUTION: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 12 MAP is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe. WARNING: For vehicular applications, it is the sole responsibility of the owner/operator of the GPS 12 MAP to place and secure the GPS unit so that it will not: interfere with the vehicle operating controls and safety devices, obstruct the operator's view of driving conditions, or cause damage or personal injury in the event of an accident. Do not mount the GPS 12 MAP over airbag panels or in the field of airbag deployment. Airbags expand with a rapid force that can propel objects in their path towards the vehicle driver or passengers causing possible injury. Do not mount the GPS 12 MAP in a place where the driver or passengers are likely to impact it in an accident or collision. The mounting hardware provided by GARMIN is not warranted against collision damage or the consequences thereof. WARNING: For vehicular operations, it is the sole responsibility of the operator of the vehicle to operate his or her vehicle in a safe manner, maintain full surveillance of all driving conditions at all times, and never become distracted by the GPS 12 MAP to the exclusion of safe operating practices. It is unsafe to operate the GPS 12 MAP while you are driving. Failure by the operator of a vehicle equipped with a GPS 12 MAP to pay full attention to operating the vehicle and road conditions while the vehicle is in motion could result in an accident or collision with property damage and personal injury. ii INTRODUCTION FCC Compliance This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the affected equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12 MAP does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations. iii INTRODUCTION Limited Warranty GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. GARMIN will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components which fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor. The customer is, however, responsible for any transportation costs. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unauthorized alteration or repairs. THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSIONS OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. To obtain warranty service, call the GARMIN Customer Service department (913-397-8200) for a returned merchandise tracking number. The unit should be securely packaged with the tracking number clearly marked on the outside of the package, and sent freight prepaid and insured to a GARMIN warranty service station. A copy of the original sales receipt is required as the proof of purchase for warranty repairs. GARMIN retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY iv INTRODUCTION About This Manual ................... i Cautions .................................. ii FCC Compliance ..................... iii Limited Warranty ..................... iv "How To" Index ....................... vi Glossary of Terminology ......... vii GPS 12 Map Unit Features. .... viii INTRODUCTION Table of Contents GETTING STARTED Battery Installation ................... 1 Keypad Usage & Data Entry. .... 2 What is GPS? ........................... 3 Initialization ............................. 4 Main Page Sequence ................. 6 Satellite Status Page .................. 6 Position Page ............................ 7 Map Page ................................. 8 Compass Page .......................... 9 Highway Page ........................ 10 Main Menu ............................ 11 Marking Waypoints ................ 12 Going to a Waypoint .............. 13 Active Route Page ................... 14 SIMULATOR TOUR ............... 15 REFERENCE Satellite Status Page ................ 23 Sat Status Page Options .......... 27 Contrast and Backlighting ...... 28 Position Page .......................... 28 Position Page Options ............ 29 Map Page ............................... 30 Map Page: Exits ...................... 33 Map Page Options .................. 35 Compass Page ........................ 39 Compass Page Options .......... 40 Highway Page ........................ 41 Highway Page Options ........... 43 Editing Waypoints ................. 46 Waypoint Edit Options .......... 48 Nearest Locations ................... 49 Nearest Location Options ....... 50 Navigation/GOTO .................. 51 GOTO Options ...................... 52 GOTO Options/MOB ............. 53 TracBack ................................ 54 TracBack Tips ......................... 55 Routes .................................... 56 Creating New Routes ............. 57 Route List ............................... 58 Route List Editing .................. 59 Route Editing/Planning .......... 60 Route Options ........................ 61 Active Route Page ................... 62 Active Route Page Options ..... 63 Main Menu ............................ 65 Setup Menu ........................... 70 Simulator ......................... 72 System ............................. 73 Units ................................ 74 Timers .............................. 75 Time ................................ 76 Alarms ............................. 77 Position ............................ 78 Interface ........................... 79 APPENDICES A: Specifications ..................... B: Accessories ........................ C: Wiring/Interfaces ............... D: Messages ........................... E: Time Offset Chart .............. F: Map Datums ...................... G: Index ................................. 81 82 83 84 87 88 91 v INTRODUCTION "How To" Index The list below is provided to help you quickly find some of the more important procedures you will use on your new GPS 12 MAP. TO DO THIS: SEE PAGE(S): Install batteries.............................................................................1 Turn the unit on or off............................................................4, 15 Learn how to operate the unit's function keys..........................vii, 2 Initialize the receiver (first time use)..............................................4 Learn about the six main GPS pages..............................................6 Enter data using the rocker keypad..............................................44 Use menus..........................................................................2, 7, 35 Access the Main Menu......................................................11, 65, 70 Adjust screen contrast or backlighting.........................................28 Run the GPS Simulator................................................................15 Reconfigure displayed data on the map, position, compass, highway or active route pages..................................................30, 40, 42, 63 Find a city..................................................................................66 Display nearest cities, exits or waypoints lists...............................49 Select a destination (GOTO)...................................................13, 51 Create and use a route.................................................................57 Pan using the map arrow.............................................................31 Zoom in or out on map or highway pages....................................31 Mark and save your present position as a named waypoint.....12, 42 Change units of measure (statute, nautical, metric)......................74 Change position format (degrees/minutes/seconds, degrees/minutes, etc.).............................................................................79 Change the displayed time (zone).........................................76, 87 Set Alarms..................................................................................77 vi The GPS 12 MAP is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in this manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of this manual. INTRODUCTION Glossary Almanac Data--Satellite constellation information (including location) that is transmitted from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing--The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG)--The bearing from the "active from" position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTK)--The distance you are off a desired course either left or right. Desired Track--The compass course between the "from" and "to" waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS)--An extension of the GPS system that uses radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)--The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)--The time left to your destination at your present speed. Grid--Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed--The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude--The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth's polar axis. Longitude--The east/west measurement of position referenced to the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) which goes through Greenwich, England. Navigation--The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where you are in relation to your desired course and/or destination. Position--An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system. Track (TRK)--The direction of movement relative to a ground position. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)--A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to measure position in specific zones. Velocity Made Good (VMG)--The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination. Waypoint--A specific location saved in the GPS receiver's memory. vii INTRODUCTION GPS 12 MAP Unit Internal GPS Antenna IN Key GOTO Key POWER Key QUIT Key LCD Display OUT Key PAGE Key MENU Key ENTER/ MARK Key ROCKER Key Battery Compartment viii Battery Installation GETTING STARTED Battery Installation The GPS 12 MAP operates on 4 AA batteries, which are installed a the base of the unit. These batteries provide up to 36 hours of use in "Power Saver" mode. To install the batteries: 1. Remove the battery cover by turning the D-ring at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counter-clockwise. 2. Insert the batteries into position. Use only new batteries. Do not mix battery types (i.e., alkaline, NiCad, Lithium). The battery pole that you can still see should match the symbol (+ or -) marked on the case. 3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turning the D-ring 1/4 turn clockwise. To install the carrying lanyard, place the loop at the end of the lanyard through the D-ring on the battery cover, route the lanyard back through the loop and pull tight. Battery life varies due to a variety of factors, including temperature and backlighting. You may find that lithium batteries provide longer life in colder conditions. WARNING: Be certain that the batteries are installed correctly by observing the polarity markings on the bottom of the unit. An improperly installed battery (reversed polarity) can rupture, leaking the contents of the battery into the battery compartment. If using rechargeable NiCad or Lithium batteries, use proper methods of disposal of used batteries. Many states and cities require environmentally sound collection and recycling of these battery types. 1 GETTING STARTED Keypad Usage The POWER Key turns the unit on and off, activates screen backlighting and contrast adjustment. Power/Backlighting Key The PAGE Key scrolls through the main data pages in sequence and returns from a submenu page to a primary page. The MENU Key displays a menu of options for the current page. Press twice to display the Main Menu. The GOTO Key displays the GOTO page with the waypoint highlighted for GOTO operation. Pressing the GOTO key twice activates MOB (man-overboard) function. The ENTER/MARK Key confirms data entry and activates highlighted fields to allow data entry. It also marks your present position. The QUIT Key returns to a previous primary page, or restores a data field's previous value. The IN and OUT Keys increase and decrease the map scale. The ROCKER Key controls the movement of the cursor and is used to select options, positions and to enter data. Page Key Menu Key GOTO Key Enter/Mark Key Quit Key IN/OUT Keys 2 Rocker Key The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system of 24 satellites which circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit information to earth. The GPS 12 MAP must continuously "see" at least three of these satellites to calculate your position and track your movement. At times, additional satellites may be needed to determine a position. By using an almanac (a timetable of satellite numbers and their orbits) stored in the receiver's memory, the GPS 12 MAP can determine the distance and position of any GPS satellite and use this information to compute your position. Your GPS receiver can only see satellites above the horizon, so it needs to know what satellites to look for. To use this almanac data, your GPS needs to be told its general location ("initialized") or given the opportunity to find itself. Initialization is necessary under these conditions: · The first time you use your receiver. · After the receiver has been moved over 500 miles from the last time you used it. · If the receiver's memory has been cleared and all internally stored data has been lost. Because the GPS 12 MAP relies on satellite signals to provide you with navigation guidance, the GPS receiver's view of the sky will generally determine how fast you get a position fix--or if you get a fix at all. GPS signals do not travel through rocks, buildings, people, metal, or heavy tree cover, so keep a clear view of the sky for best performance. Once the GPS 12 MAP has calculated a position fix, you'll have anywhere from five to twelve satellites in view. The receiver will select the satellites in view to update your position. If some of the satellites get blocked or "shaded," the receiver uses an alternate satellite to maintain the position fix. A GPS receiver needs four satellites to provide a three-dimensional (3D) fix, however, it can maintain a two-dimensional (2D) fix with only three satellites. A three-dimensional fix means the unit knows its latitude, longitude, and altitude, a two-dimensional fix means the unit knows only its latitude and longitude. GETTING STARTED What is GPS? When new (or if a position cannot be determined after 5 minutes), the GPS 12 MAP will prompt you to initialize the receiver. The unit needs a starting position to determine which satellites are in view. Check the Satellite Status Page for `2D Navigation' or `3D Navigation' to verify a position fix. 3 GETTING STARTED Initialization Initializing Your GPS 12 MAP To initialize the GPS 12 MAP, take the receiver outside and find an open area where the antenna has a clear view of the sky. You may either hold the receiver at a comfortable height with the antenna pointing up, or mount the receiver on the dash of a vehicle (Appendix B) or on a bike. (Likewise, when you use your GPS 12 MAP in a vehicle, make sure the antenna is pointing up.) To turn the GPS 12 MAP on, press and hold the red power key. The Welcome Page will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Welcome Page will be replaced by a warning page, then by the Satellite Status Page. A message will inform you to "select initialization method". (If the initialization prompt has not automatically appeared, press MENU and highlight `Initialize Position'.) To initialize your unit: 1. Press ENTER to acknowledge the message and see a list of initialization options. 2. Use the rocker keypad to highlight `Use Map', and press ENTER. 3. Use the rocker keypad to point the map cursor to your approximate location (within 250 miles). You may also wish to use the IN and OUT zoom keys to make it easier to identify your approximate position. 4. Press ENTER to select the position and begin searching for satellites. The Welcome Page is displayed when the GPS 12 MAP is first turned on. During this time the receiver is conducting a self test. To initialize the GPS 12 MAP designate your ap, proximate location on the map display. Use the rocker keypad and IN/ OUT keys to position the cursor on the map. 4 This usually provides a position fix in 1 minute. You'll know you have a fix when the unit automatically transitions from the Satellite Page to the Map Page. Your receiver is now ready to use! To turn the unit off: 1. Press and hold the red power key for 1 second. Troubleshooting If you have trouble initializing or getting a position fix, check the following: Does the receiver have a clear view of the sky? If there are large buildings or mountains, or if there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not be receiving enough satellite signals to calculate a fix. Also, if you're using the GPS 12 MAP on a car dash, make sure the unit is placed so that it has the clearest possible view of the sky. Your GPS will only be able to detect satellites that it can "see" through your vehicle's windshield. Depending on the slope of your dash or the overall surface area of the window, it may be necessary to mount an external antenna on your vehicle's roof or trunk in order to give the unit a better view of the sky. (Contact your local GARMIN dealer and inquire about the GA 27 low-profile remote antenna, part number 01010052-03.) Have you selected the right area when initializing? Check for the correct approximate position on the Map Page. Press PAGE until the Map Page appears, or reselect your approximate location to restart the initialization. Have you moved more than 500 miles from the last calculated position with the receiver off? Reinitialize the receiver by selecting your approximate position on the map, or select `AutoLocate' from the Satellite Status Page options (see page 27). To turn the GPS 12 MAP back on, press and hold the red power key. GETTING STARTED Initialization Once the GPS 12 MAP has a position fix, it will automatically transition from the Satellite Status Page to the Map Page. 5 GETTING STARTED Main Page Sequence The GPS 12 MAP features six main pages which are linked together in a chain. You can quickly scroll through the pages in either direction using the PAGE or QUIT keys. Let's briefly tour each of these pages in order to give you some insight into how they help you navigate. We'll go over all of them in more detail in the reference section. Let's start with the Satellite Status Page, which is the page you'll view while your unit is getting a position fix. If you're not already on this page, press PAGE or QUIT until it appears. The Satellite Status Page shows you status information that helps you understand what the receiver is doing at any given time, and it's a page that you'll want to occasionally refer back to as you use your unit. It features a sky view of available satellites, corresponding signal strength bars, the status of your current position fix (acquiring, 2D, 3D, etc.), and your estimated position error (EPE). You can also tell how much battery power is remaining, and you can adjust the screen contrast/backlighting by pressing the rocker keypad. Satellites are indicated on the sky view and the signal strength bars by their corresponding number, from 01 through 32. The sky view shows where it is looking in the sky for each satellite, by indicating the direction and elevation (angle above the horizon). The signal strength bars depict the relative strength of the signal from each satellite being received. The taller the bar, the stronger the signal. Receiver Status Sky View Battery Level Indicator Signal Strength Bar The signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they're being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. 6 If satellite reception is lost, or an insufficient number of satellites are available, you will be alerted with a `Poor Coverage' receiver status and message. The Position Page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading, and how fast you're going--and it's the page you'll want to use when you don't have a destination selected. A graphic compass display at the top of the page shows your direction of travel (track) while you're moving, while six user-selectable data fields below display your current speed, average speed, trip odometer, trip timer, and sunrise/sunset times at your current position. "User-selectable" means you can change them to display other information. We'll cover these fields more in the reference section. Below the user-selectable data fields are additional data fields to display your current position, along with current time and date. The current position readout can be in latitude/ longitude, UTM/UPS, Maidenhead or one of several regional grids. Current time and date can be in local time or UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). GETTING STARTED Position Page Position Page showing UTM coordinates for use with USGS topographic maps, etc. Track Compass Trip Odometer Current Position Coordinates Current Time & Date Position Page The trip odometer, trip timer and average speed readings can all be reset from the `Trip Computer' option on the Main Menu. See page 70. 7 GETTING STARTED Map Page The Map Page shows your movement using a real-time track log (an electronic breadcrumb trail that appears directly on the map as you're traveling), and your present position as a pointer icon in the center of the map. The Map Page also shows any nearby lakes, rivers, highways and towns. Use the zoom keys (IN and OUT) to adjust the map to the desired scale. To change the map scale: 1. Press the IN zoom key to select a smaller scale and more detail for a smaller area. 2. Press the OUT zoom key to select a larger scale and display a larger area. With the map oriented to `track up', the pointer always points up and the map rotates to your current direction of travel (track). Note the north indicator on the map. The map can be oriented with the top of the page always pointing north, oriented along your desired course, or it can automatically rotate to keep your current direction of travel (track) at the top of the screen. The default setting is `North Up', which keeps the top of the page always pointing north. Nearby waypoints are depicted on the map with any one of over 50 different symbols, with the waypoint name shown directly above the symbol. We'll cover more about the GPS 12 MAP's waypoint features and the Map Page in the reference section of this manual. Data Fields You can also select a fullscreen map from the Map Page Options. See page 35. 8 Present Position Map Page The GPS 12 MAP features two different navigation pages: Compass and Highway. The Compass Page is first. This page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint, with an emphasis on the bearing to your destination and current direction of travel. (The Highway Page places greater emphasis on the straight-line desired course and the distance and direction you are off course.) The middle of the page features a rotating `compass ring' that shows your course over ground (track) while you're moving, and a bearing pointer that indicates the direction of the destination (bearing) relative to the course over ground. The compass ring and pointer arrow work independently to show--at a glance--the direction of your movement and the direction to your destination. For instance, if the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any direction other than up, turn toward the arrow until it points up--then continue in that direction. The current speed and distance to the destination waypoint as well as the time to the destination waypoint and the current time are displayed at the top of the screen. This page provides better steering guidance than the Highway Page when travelling at slower speeds and/or when making frequent directional changes. Current Speed Distance to Waypoint Time to Waypoint Current Time Pointer (Bearing to Destination) Compass Ring Compass Page GETTING STARTED Compass Page If the bearing pointer points up, your are going directly to your destination. If not, turn toward the arrow until it points up, then continue in that direction. The `Big Numbers' option (Compass Page Options) shows a much smaller compass display and larger data field characters. See page 40. 9 GETTING STARTED Highway Page The GPS 12 MAP's Highway Page also provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint. As you head toward your destination, the middle of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint on a moving graphic "highway." Your present position is at the bottom center of the highway display. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired course. As you navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move-- indicating the direction you're off course. To stay on course, simply move toward the center of the highway. The top of the page indicates speed and distance to your destination (or the next waypoint in a route), along with a track compass showing current direction of travel. Next to the speed reading is the time required to reach your destination (or the next waypoint in a route), in hours/minutes or minutes/ seconds. The pointer also shows the bearing to your destination, relative to your current track. If the pointer points straight ahead, you're heading directly to your destination! Use the Highway Page as your primary navigation page (in lieu of the Compass Page) when your main concern is following a defined course. Distance to Destination (or Next Route Waypoint) Pointer (Bearing to Destination) If you move off course the highway display will move, indicating the direction you are off course. To stay on course, simply move toward the center of the highway. As you approach your destination, the graphic highway will stop at the destination waypoint. You have arrived when the waypoint is at the bottom center of the display. 10 Track Compass Highway Display Highway Page The GPS 12 MAP's Main Menu provides access to additional pages (submenus) that are used to create or edit waypoints, create routes, list nearby waypoints, review trip information and timers or make changes to system settings. These six pages are divided into categories by function. The waypoint and route management features of the Main Menu are described in more detail in the Reference section of this manual. Let's take a look at the Main Menu and one of its submenu items. To view the Main Menu: 1. Press the MENU key twice. GETTING STARTED Main Menu To select a submenu item from the Main Menu: 1. Highlight the desired item using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. 2. To return to the Main Menu, press QUIT. The Main Menu provides access to seven additional (submenu) pages. The `Setup' option provides a list of choices (presented as a series of `file tabs') to perform various configuration settings including system settings, selection of position format and units of measure, time display, setting various alarms, enabling the built-in simulator feature and interface options with other equipment: To change units of measure for distance and speed: 1. Select the `Setup' option from the Main Menu (as described above), and press ENTER. 2. Highlight the `Units' tab with the rocker keypad. The units settings are automatically displayed. 3. Highlight the `Distance & Speed' field using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. A pop-up menu appears showing the available options. 4. Select the desired option using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. The `Setup' option provides a list of menu choices to perform various configuration settings, such as changing units of measure for distance and speed. 11 GETTING STARTED Marking Waypoint Positions GPS is really about marking and going to places called `waypoints'. Before we can use the GPS 12 MAP to guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a waypoint. Your GPS 12 MAP can hold up to 500 waypoints. To mark your present position: 1. Press and hold the ENTER/MARK key. The Mark Waypoint Page will appear, with a default threedigit name for the new waypoint in the top portion of the page. To rename the waypoint: 1. Use the keypad to highlight the name field, and press ENTER. 2. Enter the new waypoint name using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom waypoint symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the Map Page. Each waypoint stored in memory is identified by a unique name, up to six characters long (letters and/or numbers). To change the waypoint symbol: 1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field (immediately to the left of the waypoint name field) and press ENTER. 2. Select the desired symbol, and press ENTER. 3. Move the cursor to the `DONE?' prompt, and press ENTER. The Mark Position Page will be replaced with the page displayed before you pressed ENTER/ MARK to mark your position. The new waypoint is now stored in the GPS 12 MAP's memory. Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom waypoint symbol, making it easy to identify the waypoint on the Map Page. 12 Once you've stored a waypoint in memory, you can use the GPS 12 MAP to guide you to it by using the GOTO feature. A GOTO is really nothing more than a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you've selected. A GOTO can be performed several ways: by specifying the destination from the GOTO Page, graphically from the map display or by highlighting the waypoint name on any page (such as the Nearest Waypoints List). To select a GOTO destination from the GOTO Page: 1. Press GOTO. This captures your current position as the starting point for your trip. 2. Highlight the `All' tab, using the rocker keypad, to list all waypoints currently stored in memory. 3. Highlight the desired waypoint, using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. GETTING STARTED Going to a Waypoint To select a GOTO destination from the Map Page: 1. With the Map Page displayed, use the rocker keypad to place the cursor over the desired destination waypoint. (If no waypoint exists at the destination location, the GPS 12 MAP will automatically create one, named `MAP' in the step below.) 2. Press GOTO, and then ENTER to navigate to the selected location. To select a destination from all waypoints stored in memory, highlight the `All' tab, than select the desired waypoint and press ENTER. To GOTO a listed waypoint on the Nearest Waypoints List, Nearest Cities List or Nearest Exits List: 1. With the Nearest Waypoints List, Nearest Cities List, or Nearest Exits List displayed (see pages 49 and 50), use the rocker keypad to highlight the desired waypoint or city. 2. Press GOTO, and then ENTER to navigate to the selected location. Once the GOTO destination is selected, use the Map Page, Compass Page and/or Highway Page to keep track of your progress as you head toward your destination. To GOTO one of the listed `Nearest' cities, highlight the desired city, press GOTO and then ENTER. A new waypoint will be created using the city name. 13 GETTING STARTED Cancel GOTO/ Active Route To cancel the current GOTO destination, simply select another destination. If no destination is currently desired, or you want to resume a previously selected route, the GOTO operation may be cancelled from the GOTO Options Page. To cancel the current GOTO destination: 1. Press GOTO. 2. Press MENU. 3. Highlight `Cancel GOTO' and press ENTER. Active Route Page The last of the six main pages is the Active Route Page. This page shows the Active waypoint or each waypoint of a route, with waypoint name and the course along each leg (segment) of the route. When using a route, the current destination is marked with an arrow on the left-hand side of the screen. If no destination has been specified using the GOTO key or a route, no waypoints will be listed on the page. (For more information on using routes, see page 56 in the Reference section.) Selectable Field, currently showing Distance to this Waypoint from Previous Waypoint (or start of GOTO) To cancel the current GOTO destination, select `Cancel GOTO' from the GOTO Options Page. Use the LEFT/RIGHT keys on the rocker keypad to select the desired data item. Available items include course, distance, fuel, and sunrise/ sunset times. 14 Route Name Field Waypoint Name Active Route Page The GPS 12 MAP is a powerful navigation system providing detailed mapping information in a convenient, compact package. This simulator tour is designed to show you the basic features of your new GPS 12 MAP during a simulated trip. The simulator tour assumes that the receiver has been properly initialized as outlined in the Getting Started section of this manual, and that you have not changed any of the factory default settings. If you have changed any settings (position formats, units of measure, etc.), the descriptions and pictures in the tour may not match your configuration. Once you're familiar with the primary functions of the GPS 12 MAP, you'll be ready to use your new receiver on a real trip to a destination of your choice. The Reference section of this manual may be consulted for any additional questions you may have, or to learn about the more advanced features of the GPS 12 MAP. For now, let's get started on the Simulator Tour! If the GPS 12 MAP is currently off, we'll need to start by turning it on. To turn the GPS 12 MAP on, press and hold the red power key. The Welcome Page will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Welcome Page is replaced by a warning page, then by the Satellite Status Page. Since we'll be using the simulator mode, we don't need to wait for the receiver to acquire satellites. WARNING: Keep in mind that the GPS 12 MAP does not track satellites in simulator mode and should never be used for actual navigation. The GPS 12 MAP cannot be turned on in simulator mode. If you forget to change back to normal operation before shutting the receiver off, it will automatically return to normal mode the next time you use the receiver. SIMULATOR TOUR Selecting Simulator Mode The Welcome Page is displayed when the GPS 12 MAP is first turned on. After a brief self-test, it is replaced by a warning page. To bypass the warning page, press ENTER. The Satellite Status Page appears next. For simulator mode operation, there is no wait for the unit to acquire satellites. 15 SIMULATOR TOUR Selecting Simulator Mode To select the simulator mode: 1. Press MENU to list the options for the Satellite Status Page. 2. Highlight `Start Simulator' with the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. 3. Press ENTER again to acknowledge the simulator warning message. Let's look at the sequence of pages again. The PAGE and QUIT keys are used to find your way around on the GPS 12 MAP. To cycle through the main pages: 1. Press PAGE to move through each of the main pages in normal fashion. 2. Press QUIT to sequence through the main pages in reverse order. Select `Start Simulator' from the Satellite Status Page Options to enable the built-in simulator. In normal mode operation, the GPS 12 MAP would automatically sequence from Satellite Status Page to Map Page once enough satellites were received to determine your position. At that point the receiver is ready to use for navigation. Since we're in simulator we won't see that automatic sequence of steps, but as you cycle through the main pages, notice that the simulator imitates satellite reception and shows that information on the Satellite Status Page. The Position Page will show the last known position as a starting location. If you've already initialized the receiver, as outlined in the Getting Started section, the starting location should be very close to your current position! We'll use this starting location from which to begin our simulated trip. Let's move on to the Map Page to see where we are, create a destination and explore the navigation features of the GPS 12 MAP. To select the Map Page, press PAGE repeatedly until it appears. The simulator imitates satellite reception and displays typical information on the Satellite Status Page. In this mode, the unit is not actually tracking satellites. 16 The GPS 12 MAP's Map Page combines digital charting with a number of user-selectable features. Before we select our destination and begin navigating toward it, let's take a look at some of those features. Background Roads & Railways Nearby Waypoints Present Position SIMULATOR TOUR Using the Map Page The map display shows your present position using a pointer icon in the center of the screen. The Map Page also shows any nearby lakes, rivers, highways and towns. Use the zoom keys (IN and OUT) to adjust the map to the desired scale. The current scale is indicated in the lower-left corner. To change the map scale: 1. Press the IN zoom key to select a smaller scale and display a smaller geographic area. 2. Press the OUT zoom key to select a larger scale and display a larger geographic area. In the `TrackUp' orientation, the map is automatically rotated to keep your current direction of travel at the top of the display. The map can be oriented with the top of the page always pointing north (`North Up'), oriented along your desired course (`Course Up'), or it can automatically rotate to keep your current direction of travel at the top of the screen (`Track Up'). Nearby waypoints are depicted on the map with any one of over 50 different symbols, with the waypoint name displayed directly above the symbol. Let's create a waypoint directly on the map display to see how that process works, then we'll navigate to this new waypoint. Use the IN/OUT zoom keys to change the map scale. The current scale appears in the lower-left corner of the map display. 17 SIMULATOR TOUR Creating a Waypoint Select a five mile scale by pressing zoom IN or OUT repeatedly. Working from the Map Page is a simple process that centers on the use of a reference "arrow". Controlled by the rocker keypad, the reference arrow is an important tool allowing you to pan to other areas on the map display, create waypoints, view waypoint information and create routes. To get a feel for using the Map Page and the arrow, try the following exercise: 1. Using the rocker keypad to move the arrow, try following a highway (or other feature) near your position. Simply press and hold one side of the rocker keypad to move more quickly. Notice how a data field appears above the map, showing the bearing and distance from present position to the cursor, along with the latitude/longitude of the arrow's position. Use the rocker keypad to pan to other areas on the map display. When panning, an arrow appears as a reference along with a data field above the map. 2. Using the rocker keypad, move the arrow in any direction until you find a nearby city or town. Once you find a nearby city or town, place the pointer on it to highlight the location. Now, press ENTER to create a waypoint at the arrow location and display the New Map Waypoint Page. 3. If the name of the city or Waypoint Name Field town is longer than six characters, the GPS 12 MAP will abbreviate the name when it creates the waypoint. (If you select an open location on the map, where no city, town or other feature is located, a three-digit number is preassigned to the new waypoint created at the panning arrow location. Waypoint Position Field To change the name, highlight the waypoint name field, press ENTER and use the rocker keypad to enter a new name ­ UP/DOWN to change the first character, RIGHT to move to the next character, and repeat. Once the new name is spelled out, press ENTER.) Place the panning arrow over an on-screen item to display a descriptive name. 18 4. A city symbol is assigned to the new waypoint, but let's use a special symbol to identify it. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. Use UP/DOWN on the rocker keypad to select the `Information' icon (`?') and press ENTER. 5. To save the new waypoint, highlight `Done' with the rocker keypad and press ENTER. SIMULATOR TOUR Going to a Waypoint Now that we've created our new waypoint, let's see how the GPS 12 MAP is used to navigate to it. The reference arrow can also be used to GOTO any point on the map--even without a waypoint already at that location--by simply pressing GOTO. (We won't try that here. A waypoint named `MAP' is automatically created, so all the previous steps for creating and naming a waypoint wouldn't be needed. You might want to experiment with this procedure at the end of the Simulator Tour.) For the Simulator Tour, we'll stick with the waypoint we just created. To select the GOTO destination: 1. Press GOTO. 2. If the `All' file tab is not selected, use the rocker keypad to highlight this tab. (`All' will display a list of all waypoints currently stored in memory.) 3. Highlight the new waypoint you just created using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. You can select a special symbol to identify the waypoint on the Map Page. Notice that a course line appears on the map display showing the way to our destination. Imagine you're about to depart. Maybe you're heading out from the marina or you're about to venture into the wilderness. What if you want to return to your present position when you're done for the day? You have two options available: · You can mark your present position now and save it as a waypoint, or · You can use the TracBack feature at the end of the day to retrace your steps ­ following the same path you travelled, but in reverse. For now, we'll mark our present position and save it as a waypoint. (You might want to experiment with the TracBack feature later. It's described on page 54.) To select a GOTO destination, press GOTO and highlight the desired waypoint in the list. (You may also need to select the `All' file tab to view all waypoints.) 19 SIMULATOR TOUR Marking Present Position To mark your present position: 1. Press and hold the ENTER/MARK key. The Mark Waypoint Page will appear, with a default threedigit name for the new waypoint in the upper-left portion of the page. Let's call our present position `HOME'. (If you were at home when you initialized your GPS 12 MAP, you might want to keep this waypoint in memory for future use!) To rename the waypoint and change its symbol: 1. Use the keypad to highlight the name field, and press ENTER. 2. Enter the new waypoint name (`HOME') using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. (Remember to use UP/DOWN to change the character and RIGHT to move to the next character field.) To mark your present position and save it as a waypoint, press and hold ENTER. A three-digit name is automatically assigned to the waypoint. 3. Highlight the waypoint symbol field and press ENTER. 4. Select the `Residence' symbol, and press ENTER. 5. Move the cursor to the `DONE?' prompt, and press ENTER. Now we have two waypoints in memory and on the map: the city location we saved earlier and `HOME'. It's about time we get started, so let's plug a speed into the simulator to animate the displays! To enter a simulated speed and animate the displays: 1. Press PAGE repeatedly until the Compass Page appears. 2. Enter a simulated speed of `30' (mph or knots) using the rocker keypad. (Press UP on the rocker keypad once to select `30'. The speed readout is on the upper left corner of the Compass Page.) 3. Press PAGE (or QUIT) repeatedly to return to the Map Page. From the Compass Page you can increase/decrease the simulated speed using the Up/Down keys on the rocker pad. 20 Notice the information on the map display is slowly moving? That's how it would look in actual use as well. The background map information and nearby waypoints will move across the screen, while your current position remains fixed in the center. The other primary navigation screens are the Compass and Highway pages, with the Compass Page appearing first in the sequence of main pages. To view the Compass Page, press PAGE. User-selectable data fields The GPS 12 MAP's Compass Page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint. The middle of the page features a rotating `compass ring' that shows your course over ground (track) while you're moving, and a bearing pointer that indicates the direction of the destination (bearing) Bearing Pointer relative to the course over Compass Ring ground. The compass ring and pointer arrow work independently to show--at a glance--the direction of your movement and the direction to your destination. If the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any direction other than up, turn toward the arrow until it points up--then continue in that direction. The distance to the next waypoint, time to the next waypoint and current speed are displayed to the right of the graphic compass display. To see how all this works on our simulated trip, let's head off course and watch the displays change. SIMULATOR TOUR Compass Page The background map moves while keeping your current position at the center of the map display. To move off course / on course in simulator mode, use the LEFT/RIGHT keys on the rocker keypad. The Compass Page will also guide you to your destination. The rotating 'compass ring' shows the direction of travel (track) and the bearing pointer indicates the direction to your destination. 21 SIMULATOR TOUR Highway Page Use the LEFT/RIGHT keys on the rocker keypad to move off course. To return to your course, steer toward the highway centerline. When you reach your destination, the highway will end at the waypoint marker. Also note the `distance to next' waypoint readout. If you pass the waypoint the pointer will point down. 22 To view the Highway Page, press PAGE. The Highway Page provides a graphic highway display that shows your movement relative to the desired course. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired course. As you navigate toward your destination, the highway will actually move, indicating the direction you're off course. To stay on course, simply steer toward the center of the highway. As you approach the waypoint, the highway will end at the final destination. When the waypoint marker is at the bottom center of the highway display, you've arrived at your destination. A track compass also shows your current track directly above the highway display, making it easy to see at a glance which way you're headed. The pointer arrow at the top of the page indicates the direction to the destination waypoint (bearing) relative to the direction you are moving (track). If the pointer points straight ahead, you're heading directly to the waypoint. If not, turn in the direction of the pointer and the pointer will swing around, pointing straight ahead as you begin moving toward the destination waypoint. Try moving on course/ off course again using the rocker keypad and watch as the highway display and bearing pointer change. That's it! You've covered the basics and you're ready to venture off on your own. Operating the GPS 12 MAP is just as simple as you've seen here in the Simulator Tour, but in real applications you won't need to change speed and track with the rocker keypad. That's all done automatically utilizing information from the GPS satellites as you move about. Before ending the tour, try a few experiments of your own, such as going back to the `HOME' waypoint, retracing your steps utilizing the TracBack feature, or creating a few more waypoints. Use the Reference section of this manual for more ideas. To end the Simulator Tour, turn the GPS 12 MAP off, press and hold the red power key. The GPS 12 MAP's Satellite Status Page provides a visual reference of various receiver functions, including current satellite coverage, receiver operating mode, battery level and position accuracy. As the receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar will appear for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (01-32) underneath each bar. The progress of satellite acquisition is shown in three stages: · No signal strength bars-- the receiver is looking for the satellites indicated. · Hollow signal strength bars-- the receiver has found the satellite(s) and is collecting data. · Solid signal strength bars-- the receiver has collected the necessary data and the satellite(s) is ready for use. Each satellite has a 30-second data transmission that must be collected (hollow bar status) before that satellite may be used for navigation (solid bar status). Once a fix has been calculated, the GPS 12 MAP will then update your position, track, and speed by selecting and using the best satellites in view. You can also access the GPS 12 MAP's backlight and contrast feature from this or any main page. To adjust the screen contrast and/or backlighting: 1. Press LEFT or RIGHT on the rocker keypad to adjust the level of contrast, and press ENTER to save the new contrast setting. 2. Press UP or DOWN on the rocker keypad to adjust the level of backlighting, and press ENTER to save the new backlight setting. REFERENCE Satellite Status Page The Satellite status Page shows where the satellites are and how strong the signal is from each one. A solid signal bar means the satellite is ready to use. Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a bird's-eye view of the position of each available satellite relative to the unit's last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the horizon; and the center point directly overhead. Use the LEFT/RIGHT keys on the rocker keypad to adjust the screen contrast and the UP/DOWN keys to adjust the backlighting. Press ENTER to save the settings. 23 REFERENCE Satellite Status Page You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by a `2D Navigation' or `3D Navigation' in the status field). You can also set the sky view to a `Track Up' configuration, causing the top of the sky view to align along your current track heading. When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will not be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The satellite number in the sky view will appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS 12 MAP has collected the necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will indicate a 2D or 3D status. (For `2D', you may need to enter your altitude. See page 27.) Receiver Status Receiver status is indicated at the top of the page. The status will be shown as one of the following conditions: Searching-- the GPS 12 MAP is looking for any available satellites in view. AutoLocate-- the GPS 12 MAP is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This process can take up to 5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently in view. Acquiring-- the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not collected enough data to calculate a position fix. 2D Navigation-- at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculated. `2D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode. 3D Navigation-- at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and altitude. `3D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode. `2D Navigation' means the unit has determined a horizontal position (latitude/longitude), but is unable to determine altitude. `3D Navigation' means the unit has determined a horizontal and vertical position (latitude, longitude, and altitude.) The unit is ready for navigation. 24 Poor GPS Coverage-- the receiver isn't tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix due to bad satellite geometry. Not Usable-- the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset, and reinitialize the receiver if necessary. Simulating Nav-- the receiver is in simulator mode. `Need to Select Initialization' Prompt If no satellites are received for several minutes (or an insufficient number of satellites are received to determine a position fix) a message will appear, prompting you to initialize the receiver (see page 3). This allows you to specify a starting location from which to search for satellites, or to enable the AutoLocate feature, and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off. (This message will automatically appear when you first use your GPS 12 MAP. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is used indoors.) Battery Level Indicator The Satellite Status Page also features a battery level indicator, located to the left of the sky view, which displays the strength of the unit's batteries. The battery indicator will not appear if the receiver is operating on external power. NOTE: The battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline batteries. NiCad and lithium batteries will display the battery level differently due to voltage differences. To display battery level accurately select the appropriate type, as described on page 73. The GPS 12 MAP features an internal 10-year lithium battery that will maintain the unit's memory when the receiver is not running off batteries or external power. REFERENCE Satellite Status Page `Poor GPS Coverage' means the receiver isn't tracking enough satellites to establish a position. Check for obstructions, trees, buildings, etc. This message appears if a position cannot be determined after several minutes. After acknowledging the message, select `Use Map' or `AutoLocate' from the options list. 25 REFERENCE Satellite Status Page EPE and DOP The Satellite Status Page also indicates the accuracy of the position fix, using Estimated Position Error (EPE) and Dilution of Precision (DOP) figures. DOP measures satellite geometry quality (i.e., number of satellites received and where they are relative to each other) on a scale from one to ten. The lowest numbers are the best accuracy and the highest numbers are the worst. EPE uses DOP and other factors to calculate a horizontal position error, in feet or meters. Satellite Status Page Options Many features of the GPS 12 MAP are menu driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your preferences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. To display the Satellite Status Page Options, press MENU (with the Satellite Status Page displayed). The following Satellite Status Page options are available: Start Simulator-- allows you to activate the GPS 12 MAP's built-in simulator mode. If `Start Simulator' is selected, `Stop Simulator' will appear as an option instead. To activate (deactivate) simulator mode: 1. Highlight `Start Simulator' (or `Stop Simulator') and press ENTER. 2. Highlight `Yes' and press ENTER. The Satellite Status Page Options allow you to enable the built-in simulator, or initialize the receiver. `AutoLocate' forces the receiver to search for all satellites (twelve at a time) until enough satellites are found to determine a position. 26 Track Up-- changes the sky view display from `North Up' orientation to align to current direction of travel (track). If `Track Up' is selected, `North Up' will appear as an option instead. To change the sky view orientation: 1. Highlight `Track Up' (or `North Up') and press ENTER. AutoLocate-- forces the GPS 12 MAP to search for any available satellite(s) to determine its position. This option is useful if you've relocated a long distance (>500 miles) from the last location the GPS 12 MAP was used. To select AutoLocate, highlight `AutoLocate' and press ENTER. Initialize Position-- allows you to designate your approximate position in order to speed up satellite acquisition. This option may be used in lieu of `AutoLocate', above. To initialize your starting position: 1. Highlight `Initialize Position' and press ENTER. 2. Designate your approximate position on the map using the rocker keypad and press ENTER. (You may wish to use the IN/OUT zoom keys to adjust the level of detail displayed, as you determine your approximate position.) REFERENCE Satellite Status Page Options Set 2D Altitude-- allows you to designate your approximate altitude, when the GPS 12 MAP is acquiring satellites or navigating in 2D mode. By default, 2D navigation will attempt to use the last known altitude. If the altitude shown is off by several hundred feet (or more), manually entering your approximate altitude will enable the receiver to more accurately determine a position fix. NOTE: You can only enter altitude while in 2D or in `Simulator' mode. Altitude is automatically calculated in 3D Mode. To enter an altitude: 1. Highlight `Set 2D Altitude' and press ENTER. 2. Enter your approximate altitude using the rocker keypad, and press ENTER. `Initialize Position' is used to designate your approximate position directly on the map display. The receiver uses this information to determine which satellites should be in view. With 2D coverage, you will need to enter your approximate altitude. Without an approximate altitude, your position error can be substantial. 27 REFERENCE Contrast and Backlighting Contrast and Backlighting On page 23, we introduced display contrast and backlighting adjustments accessible from the Satellite Status Page. Display settings can also be adjusted from any page, by pressing the red power key. When backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Status Page, to the bottom left of the sky view. To adjust the duration of the screen backlighting, refer to the operation setup section (see page. 73). To adjust the screen contrast and/or backlighting from any page: 1. Press the red power key momentarily. A window will appear showing the current contrast and backlighting settings. 2. Press LEFT or RIGHT on the rocker keypad to adjust the level of contrast, and press ENTER to save the new contrast setting. 3. Press UP or DOWN on the rocker keypad to adjust the level of backlighting, and press ENTER to save the new backlight setting. Press POWER to return to the last-used setting. When display backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear in the lower-left corner of the Satellite Status Page. The Position Page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading and how fast you're going. 28 Position Page The second page in the GPS 12 MAP's main page sequence is the Position Page. This page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading, and how fast you're going, and it's most useful when you are traveling without an active destination waypoint. The graphic heading display at the top of the page indicates the direction you're heading, or track, only while you're moving. Directly below this display are the speed, average speed, trip timer, trip odometer and sunrise/sunset fields (default). The sunrise/ sunset times indicated are for your present position. These times, and the current time display at the bottom of the page, can be displayed in local or UTC (universal) time. The lower part of the page shows your current latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes (default). The GPS 12 MAP uses this basic information to mark exact positions as waypoints, which help guide you from one place to another. Average speed, sunrise and sunset times (at your present position) also appear on the Position Page (as default selections). Units of measure and the position readout are selectable from the Main Menu, as outlined on page 74. `Trip Computer' functions--such as average speed, max speed, trip odometer and trip timer--can each be reset from the Main Menu, as described on page 70. Many features of the GPS 12 MAP are menu driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your preferences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. To display the Position Page Options, press MENU (with the Position Page displayed). The following options are available: Average Position-- allows you to average position samples over time and save the averaged result as a waypoint. Averaging reduces the effects of selective availability on position error and results in a more accurate position reading. To average position samples and save the result as a waypoint: 1. Highlight `Average Position' and press ENTER. The Average Position Page will appear. Observe the `Estimated Accuracy' and `Measurement Count' fields. 2. When the `Estimated Accuracy' and/or `Measurement Count' figures reach the desired value(s), highlight `Save' and press ENTER. (To cancel the averaging function, highlight `Discard' and press ENTER.) 3. The New Waypoint Page appears with a threedigit number assigned as a name for the new waypoint. To save the waypoint with this name, highlight `Done' and press ENTER. Or, 4. To change the waypoint name, highlight the waypoint name field and press ENTER. Use the rocker keypad to enter a new name for this waypoint and press ENTER when finished. Highlight `Done' and press ENTER to save the waypoint. REFERENCE Position Page Options The Position Page Options allow you to average position samples and save the result as a waypoint, change data fields, or restore factory defaults. When averaging positions to create a waypoint, observe the `Estimated Accuracy' and, `Measurement Count' figures. When they reach the desired value(s), highlight `Save' and press 29 ENTER. REFERENCE Map Page Change Fields-- allows you to choose the data displayed on the six user-selectable data fields. Available data types are: Altitude, Average (Avg) Speed, Battery (Bat) Timer, Max Speed, Odometer, Speed, Sunrise (at present position), Sunset (at present position), Track, Trip Odometer, Trip Timer, User Timer and Voltage. See page vii for descriptions of navigation terms. To change a data field: 1. Highlight `Change Fields' and press ENTER. 2. Highlight the data field you wish to change (using the rocker keypad) and press ENTER. 3. Select the type of data you want to appear on this field and press ENTER. `Change Fields' allows you to custom tailor the information that appears on the Position Page. `Restore Defaults' will override any data field changes you've made to the Position Page, reverting back to the factory default settings. The Map page displays a map, including, lakes, rivers, highways, interstate 30 highway exits and towns. Restore Defaults-- resets all data fields to the factory default settings. To restore the factory default settings, highlight `Restore Defaults' and press ENTER. The GPS 12 MAP features a powerful real-time moving map that can do much more than just plot your course and route. The Map Page also displays background detail, including geographic names, lakes, rivers, coastlines and highways. You can load maps with detailed information for specific geographical areas. (See MapSource Info on page 36) An on-screen cursor lets you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to any map position, mark new waypoints while you navigate or retrieve exit information. The GPS 12 MAP also features dedicated zoom keys for instant zooming (see page 2). The map portion of the page displays your present position as a pointer icon, with your track and/or route displayed as small points on the screen (an electronic bread crumb trail, if you will). Nearby waypoints are represented with names and symbols. You may select which features are shown via the Map Page Options (see pg. 35). The data window above the map displays the time and distance to next waypoint, plus your current speed (all defaults). A bearing pointer lets you know if you're heading toward your destination. (If the pointer points straight ahead, you're heading directly to it.) Each data field may be configured to display any one of twenty-four data options. Zooming and Panning There are three main functions you can perform from the Map Page: zooming, panning, and pointing. The map has 24 map scales (from 120 feet to 500 miles, or 30 meters to 800 km) which are selected by pressing the IN and OUT zoom keys. The current map scale is indicated in the bottom left corner of the map display. To change the map scale: 1. Press zoom IN to see a smaller area with more detail. 2. Press zoom OUT to see a larger area with less detail. REFERENCE Map Page Another function on the Map Page is the pan function, which allows you to move the map with the keypad in order to view areas beyond the current map. To activate the pan function: 1. Use the rocker keypad to move the map in any direction, including diagonally. Zoom IN to see more detail for a smaller area. Zoom OUT to see a larger area. As you begin to pan on the map, an arrow appears. This arrow will serve as a target marker for the map. When the arrow is placed on an object, the name of that object will be highlighted. (If the name wasn't originally displayed it will appear when the arrow is placed on the object.) This feature applies to waypoints, roads, lakes, rivers--pretty much everything displayed except route lines and track log data. When a waypoint name is highlighted, you can review information about the waypoint, list waypoint options, or execute a GOTO right from the Map Page. Use the rocker keypad to pan away from your present position. Place the arrow on a waypoint and press ENTER to see more information. 31 REFERENCE Map Page To select an on-screen waypoint with the panning arrow: 1. Use the rocker keypad to highlight the desired waypoint. 2. Press ENTER to review information for the selected waypoint. 3. To exit the information page, press QUIT. To GOTO a highlighted waypoint: 1. With the waypoint highlighted, press GOTO, followed by ENTER. The GOTO function can be used anywhere on the map. If a waypoint or highway exit is not highlighted, a new waypoint (called `MAP') will be created at the arrow location before the GOTO is initiated. If want to save this waypoint, rename it, as the next `MAP' waypoint entered will override the current one. By placing the panning arrow over an on-screen waypoint and pressing GOTO, you don't need to manually select your destination from the GOTO page. To cancel the pan function and re-center the map on your position: 1. Press the QUIT key. Highway exit information is also available when using the pan function. Simply place the panning pointer over the exit location to retrieve additional information--including available services--about the exit. Exit information is generally limited to interstate highways and is categorized into two types: Common Exits-- traditional ramp, cloverleaf or intersection exits. Special Exits-- rest areas, service areas, toll booths, welcome centers and weigh stations. For a selected highway exit, the Exit Info Page displays the number of available services and icons depicting the type of available services 32 Common exits are depicted with an open square icon when services are available and a filled-gray square icon when no services are available. To display available services for an exit shown on the map page: 1. Use the rocker keypad to place the panning arrow on the desired exit. A window will appear showing the exit number, along with icons depicting the available services. 2. Press ENTER to display the Exit Info Page for the selected exit. The Exit Info Page shows the number of available services, and the bearing and distance to the exit location. 3. Highlight the "View" button at the bottom of the page and press ENTER to display the Services Near Exit List. The Services Near Exit List shows a service icon and the name for each available service. 4. Highlight the desired service and press ENTER to display an Exit Service Detail Page. This page provides a checklist of available services--such as fuels, parking, convenience stores, etc. 5. Press QUIT, as often as needed, to back out of each exit services page. If you continue to press QUIT, you will return to the Map Page. REFERENCE Map Page: Exits Many features of the GPS 12 MAP are menu driven. Options menus are available from the exit services pages, allowing you to select special features which specifically relate to that page. These include options to save highway exit locations as waypoints and a setup feature to exclude those services you don't wish to view. Show Map-- allows you to return to the map, centered on the selected exit. While viewing the map display, you can also use the IN and OUT zoom keys to see additional detail. To view the map area around an exit on the Exit Info Page: 1. Select `Show Map' (from the Exit Info Page Options) and press ENTER. The Exit Services Detail page provides a checklist of available services. Start from the Services Near Exit list and select the desired service to display this page. The `Show Map' option allows you to view map features around a selected exit. 33 REFERENCE Map Page: Exits Save As Waypnt-- creates a waypoint at the exit location and saves it in memory. If the exit name is longer than six characters, it will be abbreviated when creating the waypoint. To save an exit location as a waypoint: 1. Select `Save As Waypnt' (from the Exit Info Page Options) and press ENTER. 2. With `Done' highlighted, press ENTER to save the new waypoint. Services Setup-- allows you to designate which service types you wish to display on the exit services pages. Those service types which you disable will not be included in the number of available services (on the Exit Info Page) or in the Services Near Exit List. To designate the service types you want to appear on the exit services pages: Options window for the Exit Info Page `Save As Waypoint' allows you to create a waypoint at a highway exit location 1. Select `Services Setup' (from the Services Near Exit List Options) and press ENTER. 2. Use the rocker keypad to select the desired service type and press ENTER to toggle between enabled (denoted by an "X") or disabled. Restore Defaults-- resets all options to the factory default settings. To restore the factory default settings, highlight `Restore Defaults' (from any exit services page option window) and press ENTER. Options window for the Services Near Exit List `Services Setup' allows you to designate which service types you'd like to have displayed on the exit service pages. 34 Many GPS 12 MAP features are menu driven. Each of the main pages has an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your preferences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. To display the Map Page Options, press MENU (with the Map Page displayed). The following options are available: Data Fields Off-- allows you to select between a full-screen map display or the default map display with data window. If the data fields are off, `Data Fields On' will appear as an option instead. To turn the data fields off (or on), highlight `Data Fields Off' (or `Data Fields On') and press ENTER. Change Fields-- allows you to choose the data displayed on four user-selectable data fields. There are twenty-four available data types, including Average (AVG) Speed, Bearing, Distance, ETA to Destination (DEST), Speed, Time to Destination (DEST), Track and a Trip Odometer. See page vi for descriptions of navigation terms. To change a data field: 1. Highlight `Change Fields' and press ENTER. 2. Highlight the data field you wish to change and press ENTER. 3. Select the type of data you want to appear on this field and press ENTER. REFERENCE Map Page Options A full-screen map, without the data fields, is available by selecting the `Data Fields Off'' option. The `Change Fields' option allows you to select the desired data you wish to display in the four user-selectable fields (along the top of the map page). 35 REFERENCE Map page Options MapSource Info -- shows the number of maps downloaded from the optional MapSource software package and the amount of memory used (in kilobytes). MapSource allows you to supplement the built-in map with additional detail, including residential streets. Each downloaded map is described by name, and may be deselected if you wish to retain the map in memory, but not display the data on the Map Page. (When a MapSource file is selected, the boundary for any downloaded map is shown on the Map Page as a gray shaded outline.) To display the MapSource Info Page: 1. Highlight `MapSource Info' and press ENTER. 2. Use the rocker keypad to scroll through the list of downloaded maps. 3. To select/deselect a map, highlight the box to the immediate left of the desired map. Press ENTER to select/deselect the map. The map is selected and will be displayed on the Map Page when an "X" appears in the box adjacent to that map. The MapSource Info page lists detailed maps that have been downloaded from the optional MapSource software package. Measure Dist-- allows you to measure the bearing and distance between any two points on the map display. To measure bearing and distance between two points: 1. Highlight `Measure Dist' and press ENTER. An onscreen pointer will appear on the map display at your present position. 2. Move the cursor to the desired reference point (the point you want to measure from) and press ENTER. 3. Move the cursor to the point you want to measure to. The bearing and distance from the reference point will be displayed at the top of the page. When using the `Measure Dist' option, the arrow includes an `Enter Reference' prompt and the arrow position appears at the top of the map display. 36 Restore Defaults-- resets all data fields to the factory default settings. To restore the factory default settings, highlight `Restore Defaults' and press ENTER. Map Setup -- allows you to configure the map display to your preferences, including map detail, map orientation, automatic zoom, lat/lon grid, track and route lines, exits and waypoint names. The map setup option uses a `file tab' feature, making it easier to organize the various settings and easier for you to use. The following section lists the file tabs and the settings available under each tab. Map - Detail, Orientation, AutoZoom, Accuracy Circle. Source - Built-in Base Map, MapSource Files Line - Track Log, Active Route Lines, Roads/ Street Labels Pnts -All Waypoints and Text, Active Route Wpts, Common Exits and Special Exits City - Large/Medium/Small Cities, Small Towns, Text Geo - Geo Points, Rivers, Lakes, Park Areas Topo- Major Contour, Med. Contour, Min. Contour, Land Cover Other - Marine Navaids, Lat/Lon Grid, Metro Areas, Railroads NOTE: Large cities are those with approximate populations greater than 200,000. Medium cities are those greater than 50,000 and Small cities are those greater than 5,000. Small towns have populations under 5,000 or the population is unknown. To change a map setup feature: 1. Highlight `Map Setup' and press ENTER. 2. To set the desired map detail, select the `Map' tab (if not already selected). Scroll down (using the rocker keypad) to highlight the `Detail' field and press ENTER. Select the desired detail level - More, Normal, Less, Least and press ENTER REFERENCE Map Page Options `Map Setup' allows you to change map orientation, background map detail, text, size etc. NOTE: The `Detail' setting applies to any map feature set to "Auto". Those features for which you have specified a maximum scale, or turned "Off", are unaffected by the detail setting. The map settings are organized in a series of `file tabs'. Use the rocker keypad to select the desired tab, and to select the desired settings. 37 REFERENCE Map Page Options 3. To change map orientation, select the `Map' tab (if not already selected). Scroll down to highlight the `Orientation' field and press ENTER. Select `North Up' to fix the top of the map display to a north heading. Select `Track Up' to adjust the top of the map display to your current track heading. Select `Course Up' to fix the top of the map display to your desired course. Press ENTER to accept the selected option. 4. To enable/disable automatic zoom, select the `Map' tab (if not already selected). Scroll down to highlight the `Auto Zoom' field and press ENTER. Select `On' or `Off to enable or disable automatic zoom. Press ENTER to accept the selected option. The automatic zoom feature will automatically adjust the map scale from 80 miles through each lower scale, stopping at 800 ft as you approach your destination waypoint. 5. To enable/disable the accuracy circle, select the `Map' tab (if not already selected). Scroll down to highlight the `Acc. Circle' field and press ENTER. Select `On' or `Off' to enable or disable the accuracy circle. Press ENTER to accept selected option. With the accuracy circle on, a gray circle will appear around your position (at lower scale settings) depicting the estimated accuracy of your position reading. 6. To enable/disable the built-in base map or MapSource files, select the `Source' tab. Scroll down to highlight `Basemap' or `MapSource' and press ENTER. Select `On' or `Off' to enable or disable the selected map data and press ENTER. 7. For all waypoints, active route waypoints, rivers/ lakes and cities: select the appropriate tab. Scroll down to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and press ENTER. Select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen, or `Off' to never display, and press ENTER. Highlight the text field for the desired feature and press ENTER. Select the text size for the desired feature, or `None' to disable text, and press ENTER. 8. For track log data, active route lines, local roads, street labels, highway exits, lat/lon grid, metro areas, and railroad lines: select the appropriate tab . Scroll down to highlight the zoom field for the desired feature and press ENTER. Select the maximum scale at which the feature should appear on screen, or select `Off' to never display the feature. Press ENTER to accept the settings. Select the `North Up' option to keep the top of the map display fixed on North. `TrackUp' will cause the map to rotate so the top of the map is the direction you're heading. The `Zoom' setting lets you set the maximum scale at which the feature will appear. Select `Auto" to control the feature using the `Detail' setting. 38 Whenever a destination waypoint(s) has been selected, the GPS 12 MAP's Compass Page will guide you to your destination with digital readouts and a graphic compass display, which includes a bearing pointer. Use this page (instead of the Highway Page) when travelling at slower speeds, when making frequent directional changes, or where straight line navigation is not possible due to obstructions or terrain. The middle of the page features a rotating `compass ring' that shows your course over ground (track) while you're moving. (Your present course over ground is indicated at the top of the compass ring.) A bearing pointer, in the middle of the compass ring, indicates the direction of the destination (bearing) relative to the course over ground. The compass ring and pointer arrow work independently to show--at a glance--the direction of your movement and the direction to your destination. For instance, if the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any direction other than up, turn toward the arrow until it points up--then continue in that direction. At the top of the page are four user-selectable data fields that display current speed, distance and time to next waypoint, and current time (defaults). Each data field may be configured to display any one of twenty-five data options. REFERENCE Compass Page The bearing pointer indicates the direction (bearing) to your destination. If the arrow points any direction other than up, turn toward the arrow until it points up. Current Speed and Distance to Waypoint Time to Waypoint and Current Time Pointer (Bearing to Destination) Compass Ring If you pass your destination waypoint, the bearing pointer will swing around 180 degrees and the `Dist to Next' waypoint will increase. 39 REFERENCE Compass Page Options `Big Numbers' provides a smaller compass display, a large bearing pointer, and two userselectable, large character data fields. To display the Compass Page Options, press MENU (with the Compass Page displayed). The following options are available: Big Numbers-- allows you to select a different Compass Page layout, with a smaller compass display and two user-selectable, large-character data fields. If `Big Numbers' is selected, `Big Compass' will appear as an option instead. To toggle between Compass Page formats, highlight `Big Numbers' (or `Big Compass') and press ENTER. Change Fields-- allows you to choose the data displayed on four user-selectable data fields (two fields for the `Big Numbers' option). There are twenty-five available data types, including Average (AVG) Speed, Bearing, Distance (DIST) to Destination, ETA to Destination (DEST), Speed, Time to Destination (DEST), Track, and a Trip Odometer. See page vi for descriptions of data terms. To change a data field: 1. Highlight `Change Fields' and press ENTER. 2. Highlight the data field you wish to change and press ENTER. 3. Select the type of data you want to appear on this field and press ENTER. Restore Defaults-- resets all data fields to the factory default settings. To restore the factory default settings, highlight `Restore Defaults' and press ENTER. The `Change Fields' option allows you to select from a list of available data types. Four different items may be displayed on the Compass Page; two when using the `Big Number' option. 40