User manual GARMIN GPS 12

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Personal Navigator Owner's Manual & Reference GPS 12 ® ?@@?f?@@@@?f?@@?g?@@@@? f?@@ =@@Cf=@@@@Cf?@@?g=@@@@C g?@@@@?f?@@@@? ? @@? ?@@B<@@??@@Be<@@ TM Software Version 4.52 or above © 1999 GARMIN Corporation GARMIN International, Inc., 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas66062 USA Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020 Fax: 913-397-8282 GARMIN (Europe) Ltd., Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire SO51 9AQ UK Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222 GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3rd Fl., No. 1, Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. Tel: 011-886-02-2917-4107 Fax: 011-886-02-2917-1758 Web Site Address: www.garmin.com All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes. GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, TracBack, and PhaseTrac12 are all trademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN. January 1999 Part Number 190-00143-10 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan INTRODUCTION GPS 12 Owner's Manual Packing List Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 12 --the smallest, easiestto-use GPS navigator for outdoor use! The GPS 12 represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide quality navigation information in a versatile and user-friendly flexible design you'll enjoy for years. To get the most from your new GPS, take the time to read through the owner's manual in order to understand the operating features of the GPS 12. This manual is organized into four sections for your convenience: Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains the table of contents and the glossary of navigational terms. Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 12. Reference provides details about the advanced features and operations of the GPS 12 by topic. The Appendix section contains initialization instructions and items with multiple listings, such as map datums, time offsets, and the index. Before getting started with your GPS, check to see that your GARMIN GPS 12 package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately. Standard Package: · GPS 12 Unit · Owner's Manual · Wrist Strap · Quick Reference Guide See your GARMIN dealer for accessories including our PC kit, swivel mounts, external antennas, and power/data cables. We at GARMIN hope the GPS 12 will help you meet all of your navigation needs and know it will become a valuable piece of your outdoor gear. i INTRODUCTION Caution The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 12 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe. Use the GPS 12 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 12 to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation. NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compliance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 12 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorizedservice center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations. ii INTRODUCTION Table of Contents SECTION ONE Introduction Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Battery Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7 SECTION TWO Getting Started Power On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Position Page, Map Page, & Going To A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Clearing the Map, Screen Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 SECTION THREE Reference Satellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-13 Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase . . . . . . .14 Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15-16 Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Waypoint Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-22 GOTO & Man Overboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-25 Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-30 Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-34 Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-37 Map Options & Map Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39-40 Main Menu Page, Distance/Sun Calculations & Messages . . . . . .40-41 Setup Menu & System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41-43 Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-45 Angular Heading Selection & Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Interface Setup & DGPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47-48 Language Setup & Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 SECTION FOUR Appendices Appendix A­­Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51 Appendix B--Specifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53 Appendix C--Messages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55 Appendix D--Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57 Appendix E­­Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-60 1 INTRODUCTION Glossary The GPS 12 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual. Almanac Data Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing (BRG) The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG) The bearing from the "active from" position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTK) The distance you are off a desired course in either direction. Desired Track (DTK) The compass course between the "from" and "to" waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS) An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) The time left to your destination at your present speed. 2 INTRODUCTION Glossary Grid Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed (SPD) The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth's polar axis. Longitude An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian, an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles. Navigation The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where you are in relation to your desired course. Position An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system. Track (TRK) The direction of movement relative to a ground position. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to measure position in specific zones. Velocity Made Good (VMG) The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination. Waypoint A specific location saved in the receiver's memory. 3 INTRODUCTION Battery Installation Battery Installation The GPS 12 operates on 4 AA batteries, which are installed at the base of the unit. These batteries provide up to 24 hours of use. To install the batteries: 1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumb loop at the bottom of the unit 1/4 turn counterclockwise. 2. Insert the batteries into position. The battery pole you can still see should match the symbol (+ or ­) marked on the case. 3. Replace and secure the battery cover by turning the thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise. Battery life varies due to a variety of factors, including temperature and backlighting. You may find that lithium batteries provide longer life in colder conditions. 4 INTRODUCTION Keypad Usage & Data Entry B P M G E Q U D LR Turns the unit on and off and activates screen backlighting. Scrolls through the main data pages in sequence and returns display from a submenu page to a primary page. Captures a position and displays the mark position page. Displays GOTO page with the waypoint highlighted for GOTO operation. Pressing GOTO twice activates MOB. Confirms data entry and activates highlighted fields to allow data entry. Returns display to a previous page, or restores a data field's previous value. Selects alphanumerical characters and menu choices and moves the field highlight from field to field. Moves the selected character field and moves the field highlight from field to field. DATA ENTRY Press the U or D key to scroll through letters, numbers, and to highlight menu options and data fields. Press the L or R key to move along data entry fields and menu options. After a data field is highlighted, press E to activate the field for change. Press E again to confirm the entries or changes. 5 INTRODUCTION Primary Pages Before we start the tour, let's briefly look at the five primary information pages used for the GPS 12. Switch between pages by pressing either the Q or J keys. Primary Pages J Satellite Position Map Compass Main Menu Q Satellite Page The Satellite Page shows satellite positions and signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed using two circles and a center point. The outer circle shows satellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point represents satellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positions will show you the direction of any blocked signals. The bottom of the page contains a row of signal strength bars corresponding to each satellite being used. Satellite Page The Satellite Page will allow you to monitor satellite signal reception and strength. Position Page The Position Page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading and how fast you're going. The top of the page contains a compass tape which is a graphic representation of your heading (or `track'). Your track and speed are indicated immediately below. ! The graphic compass tape reflects your actual heading (track) only while you are moving. Position Page The rest of the page shows your current position in three dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude. A trip odometer and 12/24-hour clock are also provided. 6 Map Page The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you to view your position, the "path" you have traveled over, and nearby waypoints. A diamond icon in the center of the screen represents your current position. As you move, you will see a thin line--called a track log--appear along the path you have just covered. Names of stored waypoints and nearby cities can also be shown on the map. The bottom corners of the map will always display your current track and speed. When going to a waypoint, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using the panning target crosshair, the corresponding distance and bearing are shown at the top corners of the map. The top of the screen contains the zoom, pan, and configuration fields. INTRODUCTION Primary Pages Navigation Page A navigation page gives you steering guidance when going to a waypoint. The GPS 12 has two navigation page choices: the Compass Page and the Highway Page. The Compass Page is the default and will be briefly explained here. The Highway Page is covered on page 34. The Compass Page shows the destination waypoint at the top of the page with the bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the waypoint shown below. The center of the page contains a compass ring and arrow to show you the direction of the waypoint from the direction you are moving. The bottom of the page gives your track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a selectable field for estimated time to arrival (ETA), estimated time enroute (ETE), course to steer (CTS), crosstrack error, (XTK), velocity made good (VMG), or turn bearing (TRN). Map Page The Map Page shows your progress on a moving map plotter and gives a bird's-eye-view of surrounding waypoints. Compass Page Main Menu Page The last primary page is the Main Menu Page. The Main Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 12's waypoint management, route, track log, and setup features through a list of submenus. The Compass Page is the default navigation page and will show you the way to the waypoint from the direction you are moving. 7 GETTING STARTED Getting Started Tour Now that you've seen the primary pages, let's get started by taking a simple tour to show you the basics about using your GPS 12. The tour assumes that your unit has been turned on and that none of the factory settings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.) have been changed. If these settings have been changed, the pictures and descriptions you see in this manual may not match what you see on your screen. Power On & Marking a Position Turning the GPS 12 On 1. Press B until the receiver turns on. The welcome page will appear while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Satellite Page will appear. When sufficient satellite signals have been acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by the Position Page. The welcome page will be shown while the unit conducts a self test. Press PAGE to quickly move on to the Satellite Page. Marking a Position with defaults GPS is really about marking and going to places called waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12 to guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a waypoint. (Your GPS 12 can hold up to 500 waypoints.) To mark your present position: 1. Press the M key. The mark position page will appear, with a default three-digit name for the new waypoint in the upper-left portion of the page. You can save the waypoint with the default name and symbol at this time by highlighting `SAVE' and pressing E. To rename the waypoint: 1. Highlight the name field, and press E. 2. Enter the waypoint name `HOME', and press E. (See pg. 5 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol field will become highlighted. Press the UP arrow to move forward through the alphabet or numbers and the DOWN arrow to move backward. Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom waypoint symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map. To change the waypoint symbol: 1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and press E. 2. Select the house symbol, and press E . 3. Move the cursor to the `DONE?' prompt, and press E. 8 Using the Position Page Walk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page. The direction you are moving (track), your speed, trip distance, and altitude are shown on the upper half of the screen. The latitude and longitude of your position are displayed in the middle of the page, with the time of day shown below. Let's continue by moving to the next page: 1. Press P. GETTING STARTED Position/Map Pages & Going To a Waypoint Map Page The next page is the Map Page. To ensure we can see our entire trip on the map, lets change the map scale from 0.2 mi (default) to 1.2 mi. 1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the `ZOOM' field located directly to the right of the magnifying glass at the top left of the Map Page and press E. 2. Press the U or D arrow until `1.2 mi' is shown and press E. The Map Page displays your present position as a diamond icon and provides a real-time graphic "breadcrumb" display of your track right on the screen. The Map Page shows your present position as a diamond icon in the center of the map. The house symbol labeled `HOME' is the waypoint you created and the line connecting the two is your track log. 1. Now turn approximately 90º to your right and continue walking for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the display changes, always keeping the direction you are moving at the top of the map (see right). Going to a Waypoint Once you've stored a waypoint in memory, you may return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you've selected. Let's navigate back to our starting position, the HOME waypoint. To select a GOTO destination: 1. Press G . 2.Highlight the `HOME' waypoint, and press E. The GOTO waypoint page allows you to select a destination from a list of all available waypoints in the GPS 12's memory. You'll notice that you'll automatically return to the Map Page, and a straight line will connect your current position to the position of the destination waypoint. Let's continue by moving to the next page: 1. Press P. 9 GETTING STARTED Compass Page Bearing to Waypoint Graphic Compass Pointer to Waypoint Track Over Ground Selectable Field Destination Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Speed Over Ground Compass Page and Cancelling a GOTO The GPS 12 will also provide steering guidance with a Highway Page. To change the display from the Compass Page, press ENTER twice. Once a GOTO is activated, the GPS 12 provides steering guidance until the GOTO is canceled. To cancel a GOTO, highlight the cancel prompt at the bottom of the page and press ENTER. Whenever you select a destination waypoint, the GPS 12 provides graphic steering guidance with the Compass Page (the default navigation page). The "compass ring" in the middle of the page shows your course over ground while you're moving, with a pointer arrow to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow shows the direction of your destination relative to the direction you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any other direction (left, right, down, etc.), turn toward the arrow until it points up. Then continue in that direction. The bearing and distance to a waypoint are displayed at the top of the screen, and your current track and speed are shown below. The default `ETE' field, at the bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field that can provide a variety of navigation information. We'll cover more about that field in the reference section (see page 32). As you get close to `HOME', you'll be alerted to press PAGE. The GPS 12 will give you the message "Arrival at HOME". Once you've arrived, you'll notice the distance field will read 0.00. Cancelling a GOTO If you decide to stop navigating to the active waypoint, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO. To cancel an active GOTO: 1. Press the G key. 2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the `CANCEL GOTO' prompt at the bottom of the page and press E. 10 Clearing a Cluttered Map Display After you've used the GPS12 for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become a bit messy from keeping track of your every move. For practice, let's clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the plot points left on the Map Page) we've just created during the Getting Started tour. 1. Press P or Q until the Map Page appears. 2. Highlight the `OPT' field and press E. 3. Highlight `Track Setup' and press E. 4. Highlight the `CLEARLOG?' option and press E. The clear log confirmation page will appear. 5. Use the L key to highlight the `Yes' prompt. 6. Press E to finish. GETTING STARTED Clearing the Map, Adjusting Contrast, & Power Off Adjusting Screen Contrast You can access the GPS 12's contrast feature from the Satellite Page. To adjust the screen contrast: 1. Press P or Q until the Satellite Page appears. 2. Press Lor Rto adjust the level of contrast, and press E. Highlight the `CLEAR LOG?' prompt and press ENTER to clear the track log. Note: With the `Wrap' record option, once all 1024 points are used during normal operation, the oldest point will be continuously deleted to make room for the latest track log point to be stored. Screen Backlighting Screen backlighting is available for nighttime use. Activate backlighting by pressing the B key briefly. Backlighting will remain on for the time specified on the system setup page (See page 43). Turning the Receiver Off You've now gone through the basic operation of your new GPS receiver and probably know a little more than you think about how it works. We encourage you to experiment with the GPS12 until it becomes an extension of your own navigation skills. If you encounter any problems using the unit or want to take advantage of the GPS 12's more advanced features, turn to the reference section. To turn the GPS 12 off: 1. Press and hold the B key for 3 seconds. Pressing the LEFT or RIGHT arrows from the Satellite Page will automatically activate the screen contrast bar. 11 REFERENCE Satellite Page Status Field Battery Indicator Horizontal Accuracy Satellite Page Skyview Display Signal Strength Indicators The GPS 12's Satellite Page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS 12 is doing at any given time, and will tell you whether or not the receiver has calculated a position fix. The GPS 12 Satellite Page will help you deter mine which satellites are in view, and whether or not any satellites are being "shaded" or blocked from receiving satellite signals (see satellites 07 and 19 above). By periodically monitoring the signal strength bars at the bottom of the page and the north up sky view, you will be able to see how moving to another area with a clearer view of the sky will improve satellite reception and speed up signal acquisition. Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a bird's-eye-view of the position of each available satellite relative to the unit's last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point is directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by `2D NAV' or `3D NAV' in the status field). You can also set the sky view to a track up configuration by changing the `orientation' option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 for setup instructions.) When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS 12 has collected the necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will indicate a 2D or 3D status. 12 Receiver Status Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will be shown as one of the following conditions: Searching-- the GPS 12 is looking for any available satellites in view. AutoLocate-- the GPS 12is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This process can take 5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently in view. Acquiring-- the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not collected enough data to calculate a 2D fix. 2D Nav (2D Navigation)-- at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculated. `2D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode. 3D Nav (3D Navigation)-- at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and altitude. `3D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode. Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage)-- the receiver isn't tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix due to bad satellite geometr y. Not Usable-- the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset, and reinitialize the receiver if necessar y. Simulator-- the receiver is in simulator mode. REFERENCE Receiver Status & EZinit The signal strength bars at the bottom of the page will not appear until the GPS 12 has found the satellites indicated at the bottom of the screen. EZinit Option Prompt The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinit prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated. (The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring, simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you to reinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off and must initialize your new position. (The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is operated indoors.) If you travel more than 500 miles with the receiver off, reinitialize the unit to your new position by using the EZinit feature. To access EZinit, press ENTER from the Satellite Page before any satellites are acquired. 13 REFERENCE Battery Level Indicator The Satellite Page also features a battery level indicator, located to the left of the sky view, which displays the strength of the unit's batteries. The battery level indicator is calibrated for alka line batteries. Voltage differences will display Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently . No other receiver functions are affected. Battery Level, Backlighting & Emergency Erase ! The GPS 12 features an internal lithium battery that will maintain the unit's memory when the receiver is not running off batteries or external power. Backlighting Bulb Icon The GPS 12 features full-screen backlighting. Activate the backlight by pressing the B key briefly. Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page when backlighting is turned on. When backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page. Use the icon to determine if backlighting is turned on during daylight hours. Emergency Erase Function You may erase the GPS 12's memory in four quick steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted, including: routes, waypoints, and the track log. To erase all stored data: 1. Ensure that the GPS 12 is turned off. 2. While holding down the Mkey, hold down the B key to turn the unit on. A warning message will appear with "Yes?" highlighted, and ask you to confirm your selection. 3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press R and E to cancel the emergency erase. 4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press E to confirm. Upon activating the Emergency Erase Function, you will be asked to confirm your decision. 14 Position Page The second page in the GPS 12's primary page sequence is the Position Page. This page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading, and how fast you're going, and it's most useful when you are traveling without an active destination waypoint. The graphic heading display at the top of the page indicates the direction you're heading (track) while you're moving. Directly below this display are the track, speed, and trip odometer (default) fields. Track is the compass direction representing your course over the ground, or the direction you're moving. The lower left-hand corner of the page shows your current latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12 uses this basic information to mark exact positions as waypoints, which help guide you from one place to another. The lower right-hand corner of the page contains the altitude field (default). Below that field is a 12- or 24-hour clock. Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields are user selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, trip timer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always be sure of viewing this information regardless of the option you've selected for the other user-selectable field. The following user-selectable options are available on the Position Page: Trip Odometer (TRIP)-- total distance traveled since last reset. Trip Timer (TTIME)-- total (cumulative) time in which a ground speed has been maintained since last reset. Elapsed Time (ELPSD)-- total time in hours and minutes since last reset. Average Speed (AVSPD)-- average speed traveled since last reset. Maximum Speed (MXSPD)-- maximum speed traveled since last reset. Altitude (ALT)-- vertical distance above mean sea level. REFERENCE Position Page The speed and track displayed on the Position Page may fluctuate at slow speeds (or when you're standing still) because of position errors caused by DOD-imposed Selective Availability. The user selectable fields on the Position Page give you a variety of information to choose from. 15 REFERENCE To reset timer, speed measurement, or odometer: 1. Highlight the user-selectable field, and press E. `Reset' will appear as a selectable option (see left). 2. Press E to confirm or Q to exit. Maximum Speed & Altitude Fields The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speed fields are linked. Resetting one of these options in a user-selectable field will automatically reset the corresponding data in the other. This ensures that information shown in these fields reflects your current trip. Maximum Speed Field To obtain the most accurate reading of average speed, keep in mind that due to the sensitivity of the GPS 12's antenna, your maximum speed value may include the effects of rapid movement, such as swinging your arm while holding the unit. To reset the maximum speed field: Resetting the trip odometer will erase the previous mileage and set the odometer to zero. Average speed, maximum speed and timer readouts will also be reset to zero. 1. Highlight the `MXSPD' field, and press E. 2. Press E to confirm the `RESET?' prompt. Altitude Field When the GPS 12 is acquiring satellites or navigating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is used to compute your position. You may also manually enter your altitude for greater accuracy. In cases where the GPS 12 has 2D coverage, entering your approximate altitude will enable the receiver to determine a more accurate position fix. To enter an altitude: 1. Highlight the `ALT' field, and press E. 2. Enter a value, and press E. You may enter a known altitude to assist the GPS 12 in establishing a more accurate 2D position fix. 16 Marking a Position The GPS 12 allows you to mark and store up to 500 positions as waypoints. A waypoint can be entered by taking an instant electronic fix, by manually entering coordinates (pg. 20), or by using the bearing and distance to a known position (pg. 20). To mark your present position: 1. Press M. The mark position page will appear, showing the captured position and a default threedigit name. 2. To save a default name and symbol, press E to confirm the `SAVE?' prompt. REFERENCE Position Averaging Position Averaging Function The GPS 12 positioning averaging function will help reduce the effects of selective availability upon position error when marking a waypoint, providing more accurate saved positions. 1. After you have pressed the M key, highlight the `AVERAGE?' field and press E. The Figure of Merit (+/-) field will display a value reflecting estimated accuracy of the averaged position. Note: As the GPS 12 calculates the FOM, it will rapidly change initially then begin to stabilize over time. 2. The unit will continue averaging until you have highlighted `SAVE?' and pressed E . After initiating the position averaging function, a Figure of Merit (+/-) value will be displayed, and the `SAVE?' field will automatically be highlighted. To enter a different waypoint name: 1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press E . 2. Make the appropriate changes, and press E . 3. Highlight `SAVE?', and press E. Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or comment, see pg. 21. To add this waypoint to a route: 1. Highlight the `Add to route number' field, and press E. 2. Enter a route number, press E to confirm the route number, and E again to save the waypoint. The waypoint will be added to the end of the selected route--after any other waypoints already in the route. The GPS 12 will save new waypoints with a default three-digit name. To add the waypoint to a route, enter the desired route number, highlight `SAVE?' and press ENTER. 17 REFERENCE Waypoint Pages The GPS 12 has three waypoint pages that let you quickly manage up to 500 waypoints. These pages-- nearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypoint definition--can be accessed through the Main Menu Page. To select a waypoint page: 1. Access the Main Menu, and highlight a waypoint page option: `Waypoint', `Waypoint List' or `Nearest Wpts'. 2. Press E. Nearest Waypoints & Waypoint List Nearest Waypoints Page The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest waypoints that are within 100 miles of your present position, with the bearing and distance noted for each waypoint. This page will also let you retrieve a waypoint definition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right from the list. To select a waypoint submenu, highlight the desired option and press ENTER. To review the waypoint definition page of a selected waypoint: 1. Highlight the desired waypoint. 2. Press E. To return to the nearest waypoint page: 1. Highlight `DONE?'. 2. Press E . To go to a highlighted list waypoint: 1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and press G. 2. Press E . Waypoint List Page The waypoint list page provides a complete list of all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 12 and their respective waypoint symbols. The total number of empty and used waypoint locations in memory is also indicated. From the waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint definition page, delete all user-defined waypoints, delete waypoints by symbol, or review and perform a GOTO to a selected waypoint. To delete all user-defined waypoints: 1. Highlight `DELETE WPTS?' and press E. 2. Highlight `DELETE ALL' and press E. 3. Highlight the `YES' prompt and press E. Nearest Waypoints Page The compass heading (BRG) and distance (DST) to the nine nearest waypoints are updated continuously. 18 Waypoint List Page (continued) To delete waypoints by symbol: 1. Follow step one from the previous page, under `delete all user-defined waypoints'. 2. Select `DELETE BY SYMBOL' and press E. 3. Select the symbol corresponding to the waypoints you wish to delete. Press E. 4. Press E to confirm the `DONE' prompt, highlight the `YES?' prompt, and press E. REFERENCE Waypoint List & Proximity Waypoints Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporary waypoints created by the TracBack function. Proximity Waypoints The GPS 12's proximity waypoint function warns you when you are getting too close to hazardous waypoints. This function allows you to create up to nine proximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle for each waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning message will alert you. To enter a proximity waypoint from the Main Main Menu Page: 1. Highlight `PROXIMITY WPTS' and press E. 2. Using the arrow keys, highlight the first empty waypoint field and press E. 3. Use the U or D key to scroll through stored waypoints until the desired waypoint appears. 4. Press E. The distance (DST) field will be automatically highlighted. Press E and use the arrow keys to enter the desired distance to be prompted 5.Press the Deleting waypoints by symbol enables you to delete a specific group of waypoints without losing all other waypoints. E key to confirm the entry. To review or remove a proximity waypoint: 1. Use U and D to select a proximity waypoint and press E. 2. Highlight `REVIEW?' or `REMOVE?' and press E. Quickly edit or delete proximity waypoints by highlighting the waypoint name and pressing ENTER. If `REVIEW?' is chosen, the waypoint page will appear, and you may make any changes to the selected waypoint. If `REMOVE?' is chosen, the proximity waypoint will be removed from the list. Press Q or P to return to the Main Menu Page. 19 REFERENCE Waypoint Definition Page Waypoint Name Reference Waypoint (leave blank for present position) Waypoint Definition & Reference Waypoints Position Coordinates Waypoint Comment Distance from Reference Waypoint Function Prompts Bearing from Reference Waypoint The GPS 12's advanced waypoint planning features allow you to create new waypoints and practice navigation without ever setting foot outside. If you create a new waypoint by entering coordinates from a map, you may want to re-mark the waypoint's exact position once you get there. To re-define an existing waypoint's position coordinates from the waypoint definition page, simply highlight the DST field and press ENTER. Use the LEFT arrow key to set the distance to 0.00, and press ENTER to confirm. The old coordinates will be replaced by the coordinates of your present position (you must have a valid 2D or 3D position fix and the reference waypoint name field must be blank). The waypoint definition page lets you create new waypoints manually or review and edit an existing waypoint's coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is also used to delete an individual waypoint from memory (see pg. 22). To create a new waypoint manually, you'll need to know its position coordinates or its approximate distance and bearing from an existing waypoint. To create a waypoint by entering coordinates: 1. After highlighting `NEW?' on the waypoint definition page and pressing E, all fields will be blank. Highlight the name field and press E. 2. Enter a waypoint name using the center rocker pad and press E. (For data entry instructions see pg. 5). 3. To change the square default waypoint symbol, highlight the symbol to the right of the waypoint name and press E. 4. Choose a symbol, and press E. Next highlight `DONE?' , and press E. 5. Highlight the position field and press E. Now enter the position using the arrow keys and press Ewhen done. NOTE: When you are done with the top line of coordinates, press Rto get to the bottom line. 6. Highlight `DONE?' and press E. Reference Waypoints To create a new waypoint manually without knowing its position coordinates, you'll need to enter its bearing and distance from an existing waypoint or your present position. To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint: 1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight `NEW?', and press E. 2. Enter a waypoint name, and press E. 20 Reference Waypoints (cont.) 3. Highlight the `REF' field, and press E. 4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the field blank to use your present position), and press E. 5. Repeat the preceding two steps to enter the bearing (`BRG' field) and distance (`DST' field) of your new waypoint from the reference waypoint. 6. Press E to confirm the `DONE?' prompt. REFERENCE Waypoint Symbols & Comments Waypoint Symbols The GPS 12 allows you to select one of 16 symbols for each waypoint for easy recognition on the map display. From the symbol page, you may also select how the waypoint appears on the map. To select a waypoint symbol: 1. Highlight the symbol field on the waypoint definition page, and press E. 2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol, and press E. 3. The cursor will move to the display field, where you can select which waypoint information is displayed on the map. 4. Press E, and select one of the following display options: `NAME WITH SYMBOL', `SYMBOL ONLY,' or `COMMENT WITH SYMBOL'. 5. Press E to confirm your selection, and E again to confirm the `DONE?' prompt. Waypoint symbols enable you to instantly identify a waypoint when it appears on the map page. Waypoint Comments Each waypoint stored in the GPS 12 has a user-definable 16-character comment field. The default comment is the UTC (or Greenwich Mean Time) date and time of the waypoint's creation. To change or add a comment: 1. Highlight the comment field. 2. Press E. The waypoint comment field will automatically assign the date and time of creation to the waypoint comment field. You may enter a 16-character user comment at any time. Note: You can clear the comment field by pressing the left side of the rocker keypad. 3. Enter the desired comment, using the arrow keys. 4. Press E. 21 REFERENCE Renaming and Deleting Waypoints The rename and delete function fields are located along the bottom left side of the waypoint definition page. To rename a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight `RENAME?', and press E. 2. Enter the new waypoint name, and press E. 3. Press E to confirm the `Yes?' prompt. Rename, Delete & Scan Waypoints To delete a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight `DELETE?', and press E . 2. Highlight the `Yes?' prompt, and press E. Scanning Waypoints As you manually enter a waypoint's name, the GPS 12's waypoint scanning feature will automatically display the first numerical or alphabetical match of the character you have entered to that point. This helps eliminate the need to always enter a waypoint's complete name. To scan waypoints from a waypoint field: 1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press E. 2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the name field. 3. Scroll through the waypoints. You may wish to quickly save waypoints by pressing MARK and then ENTER, thus assigning a default name. You may then rename the waypoint at a later date. Any waypoint may be renamed at any time. Note: The GPS 12's waypoint scanning feature will offer the first waypoint that matches the character or characters you have entered up to that point. If you have more than one waypoint that begins with the same letter or number, move to the next character position as needed. 4. When you find the desired waypoint, press E. Scanning waypoints from the waypoint definition page gives you instant access to a specific waypoint's information. 22 Selecting a GOTO Destination The GPS 12 provides four ways to navigate to a destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route navigation. The most basic method of selecting a destination is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a direct course from your present position. To activate the GOTO function: 1. Press G. 2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, and press E. REFERENCE GOTO & MOB Functions Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, the Compass Page or Highway Page will provide steering guidance to the destination until either the GOTO is cancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the active route (see pg 30). To cancel an active GOTO: 1. Press the G key. 2. Highlight `CANCELGOTO?', and press E. Select a destination waypoint from the GOTO waypoint list. Man Overboard Function The GPS 12's man overboard function (MOB) lets you simultaneously mark and set a course to a position for quick response to passing positions. To activate the MOB mode: 1. Press G twice. The GOTO waypoint page will appear with `MOB' selected. 2 Press E to begin MOB navigation. The GPS 12 will now guide you to the MOB waypoint until the MOB GOTOis cancelled. If you want to save the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename it because it will be overwritten the next time a MOB is activated. Once the MOB mode has been activated, steering guidance will be provided by the Compass or Highway Page. Activating another MOB will overwrite the previous MOB waypoint. 23 REFERENCE TracBack Navigation GARMIN's patented TracBack feature allows you to quickly retrace your path using the track log automatically stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates the need to mark waypoints along the way and manually create and activate a route back to where you began your trip. Three track recording options are available: Off--no plot will be recorded. Fill--a track log will be recorded until track memory is full. Wrap--a track log will be continuously recorded, wrapping through the available memory (replacing the oldest data with new data). To select a track log option: 1. Highlight `OPT' field on the map page and press E . 2. Highlight `TRACK SETUP' and press E. 3. Highlight the `RECORD' field, press E, select an option, and press E. TracBack WARNING: Setting the track recording to OFFwill also disable the TracBack function. Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead you back to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so it's usually a good idea to clear the existing track log at the start of each trip. To clear the track log and define a starting point for a TracBack route: 1. From the Map Page, press E, highlight the `TRACK SETUP' option, and press E . 2. Highlight `CLEARLOG?', press E, highlight `Yes?', and press E. To activate a TracBack route: 1. Press G , highlight `TRACBACK?', and press E. Highlight `TRACBACK?' and press ENTER to begin TracBack navigation. A message box will appear while the GPS 12 analyzes the data and creates the TracBack route. 24 Once the TracBack function has been activated, the GPS 12 will take the track log currently stored in memory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30 temporary waypoints will be created to mark the most significant features of the track log in order to duplicate your exact path as closely as possible. These points will be indicated by `T###' (e.g., `T001') on the waypoint list, and by a `T' symbol on the Map Page. The active route page will appear, showing a route from your present position to the oldest track log point in memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will be provided back to the starting point of your track log. Note: You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, but only if the route is not active. Tips On the TracBack Feature · Always clear your track log at the exact point that you want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.). · The `RECORD' option on the track log setup page must be set to `WRAP' or `FILL'. · There must be at least two track log points stored in memory to create a TracBack route. · If there is not enough available memory to add more waypoints and create a TracBack route, you will be alerted with a `waypoint memory full' message, and the receiver will use any available waypoints to create a TracBack route with an emphasis on the track log closest to the destination (the oldest track log point in memory). · If the `METHOD' option on the track log setup page is set to a time interval, the TracBack route may not follow your exact path. (Keeping the criteria set to automatic will always provide the most detailed TracBack route.) · If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite coverage during your trip, the TracBack route will simply draw a straight line between any point where coverage was lost and where it resumed. · If the changes in direction and distance of your track log are complex, 30 waypoints may not be enough to accurately mark your exact path. The receiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to the most significant points of your track, and simplify segments with fewer changes in direction. · To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open storage route before activating another TracBack. Activating another TracBack or storage route will overwrite the existing TracBack route. · Whenever a TracBack route is activated, the receiver will automatically erase any temporary waypoints (`T###') that are not contained in routes 1-19. If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes 1-19, the receiver will create any new temporary waypoints using the first threedigit number available. (You can also quickly delete all temporary TracBack waypoints in memory by using the `DELETE BY SYMBOL' method described on pg. 19.) REFERENCE TracBack The TracBack feature will navigate your track log back to the oldest point in the receiver's memory. The track log will be divided into segments with temporary waypoints to create a route back to the beginning of the track log. 25 REFERENCE Route Navigation The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 12 is by creating a user-defined route. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when it's not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body of water or impassable terrain). Routes Waypoint 2 ("active to" waypoint) "Active Leg" Waypoint 1 ("active from" waypoint) Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller segments called "legs". The waypoint you are going to in a leg is called the "active to" waypoint and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the "active from" waypoint. The line between the "active to" and the "active from" waypoint is called the "active leg". Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the "active to" waypoint. 26 Route Definition Page Comment Field Desired Track of Leg Route Number Leg Distance REFERENCE Route Definition Page Copy Field Total Route Distance Function Prompts The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 12 is by creating a user-defined route. The GPS 12 lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and activated through the route definition page. To select the route definition page: 1. Highlight `ROUTES' from the Main Menu Page, and press E. Routes enable you to store groups of frequently used waypoints together and use this information for navigation guidance. The `route number' field is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16-character `user comment' field directly below. If no user comment is entered, the field displays the first and last waypoint in the route. To edit the route comment: 1. Highlight the comment field and press E. 2. Use the arrow keys to enter a new comment and press E. The waypoint list along the left side of the page accepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields for desired track and distance between legs. The total route distance is indicated below the waypoint list. The bottom of the route definition page features several `function' fields which let you copy, clear, invert, or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as storage routes, with route 0 always serving as the active route you are navigating. If you want to save a route that's currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another open route, as it will be overwritten by the next route activation. Enter each waypoint in the order you would like to navigate them. If you enter a waypoint not stored in memory, you'll need to define the position on the waypoint definition page. 27 REFERENCE Creating and Navigating Routes To create a route from the route definition page: 1. Highlight the route number field, and press E. 2. Enter a route number, and press E. (Select an empty route--without any waypoints listed--when creating a new route.) 3. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and press E. As you continue entering the rest of your waypoints, the list will automatically scroll down. 4. To change the route comment (automatically assigned to the route based upon the starting and final destination waypoints), highlight the route comment field and press E. Enter the new comment and press E. Using Routes You may use up to 16 characters to custom name a route. The default name will be the first and last waypoint in the route. Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the `active to' waypoint. Activating and Inverting Routes After a route has been entered, it can be either activated in sequence or inverted from the route definition page. The process of activating or inverting a stored route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The storage route is no longer needed and will be retained in its original format under its existing route number. This system allows you to have an active route that you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely new route from the original. You will have to copy the active route to an unused storage route to save it, since new route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0. To activate a route: 1. From the route definition page, highlight the route number field and press E . 2. Enter the route number to be activated, and press E. 3. Highlight `ACT?', and press E. To activate a route, highlight the `ACT?' prompt and press ENTER. To activate a route in inverted order: 1. Follow the steps above, but select `INV?', and press E. 28 Active Route Page Once a route has been activated, the active route page will display the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the active route page will become part of the main page sequence of the unit. The active route page will also allow you to change the `ETE' field to display desired track (DTK) or estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear or invert the active route. To display DTK or ETA for each leg: 1. Highlight `ETE', and press E . 2. Select `DTK' or `ETA', and press E. REFERENCE Active Route, Copying, & Clearing The active route page also allows you to clear (stop navigating) or invert the active route without using the route definition page. To invert a route from the active route page: 1. Highlight `INV?', and press E. Active Route Page Whenever you have an active route, the active route page will appear in the primary page sequence after the Compass/Highway Page. To stop route navigation: 2. Highlight `CLR?', and press E. To reactivate the route navigation: 3. Highlight `ACT?', and press E . Copying and Clearing Routes The route definition page is also used to copy a route to another route number. This feature is useful when you make changes to the active route (or create a TracBack route) and want to save the route in its modified form for future use. To copy a route: 1. Highlight the route number field, and press E . 2. Select the route number to be copied, and press E. 3. Highlight the `COPY TO' field, and press E. 4. Scroll through the available routes and select a destination route number. (Only open routes will be available.) Press E to copy the route. To copy a route, select an open storage route in the `Copy To' field and press ENTER. Only empty storage route numbers will be offered in the `Copy To' field. To clear a route from memory: 1. Highlight the route number field, and press E. 2. Select the desired route number, and press E . E. 4. Highlight `Yes?', and press E. 3. Select `CLR?', and press 29 REFERENCE Editing Routes A route can be edited any time after its creation. Editing Routes & On-Route GOTO's To edit a route from the active route page or the route definition page: 1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and press E . Use the on-screen menu to select the desired editing function. The on-screen menu is displayed by highlighting a route waypoint and pressing ENTER.. An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear, with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, or changing the waypoint field highlighted. This field contains the following options: · Review?-- displays the waypoint definition page for the selected waypoint · Insert?-- adds a new waypoint directly in front of the selected waypoint · Remove?-- deletes the selected waypoint from the route · Change?-- allows you to replace the selected waypoint with a new waypoint Note: Editing the original storage route will not affect route 0. If you want to save an edited version of route 0, save it to an open storage route. On-Route GOTOs At the beginning of this section, we mentioned that the GPS 12 will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. This will give you steering guidance to the desired track (desired course) of the active leg. Note that the first waypoint selected as the destination waypoint will be along the route leg closest to your present position. This may mean you're not navigating to the first waypoint in the active route--you may even be navigating to the last. You can manually navigate a route out of sequence at any time (bypassing one or more interim waypoints) by perform an "on-route GOTO" from the active route page. To perform an "on-route GOTO" from the active route page: 1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and press G. 2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the waypoint highlighted, press E. You can `skip ahead' and bypass one or more legs of the route by highlighting a waypoint further along the route, pressing GOTO and ENTER. Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO waypoint, the GPS 12 will automatically resume navigating the rest of the route in sequence. 30 Selecting a Navigation Page Once you've selected a GOTO destination or activated a TracBack, MOB, or route; the GPS 12 will provide graphic steering guidance to the destination with one of two navigation pages: REFERENCE Navigation Pages Compass Page Highway Page To switch the navigation page to the Compass Page, press ENTER twice. ·The Compass Page (default) provides a directional pointer indicating the bearing to your destination and a rotating compass ring which shows your direction of travel (track) at the top of the ring. The Compass Page provides better guidance for car travel, hiking, or biking; where straightline navigation is often not possible. ·The Highway Page provides a graphic highway display that shows your movement relative to the desired course, with an emphasis on your cross track error ( the distance and direction you are off course). The cross track error (XTK) is depicted on a course deviation indicator (CDI) (see pg. 34). The Highway Page is well-suited for boating or some types of off-road recreation where straight line navigation is typically possible and maintaining a specified course is desirable. Both pages provide a digital display of the bearing and distance to the destination, and your current speed and track over the ground. You can switch to either Navigation Page at any time. To select either Navigation Page: 1. Press E from the existing Navigation Page, and E again to change the page. To switch the navigation page to the Highway Page, press ENTER twice. 31 REFERENCE Selecting a Navigation Page (cont.) Navigation Pages Graphic Compass Ring Distance to Waypoint Track Over Ground User-Selectable Field The `ETE' field, located at bottom center on both pages, is a user-selectable field that allows you to display a variety of navigation values for your trip. To access the user-selectable field: The user selectable field allows you to customize the navigation pages, selecting the desired data readout. 1. Highlight `ETE', and press E. 2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options. The turn option shows the number of degrees you need to turn (left or right) to head directly to your destination. 32 The following data options are available for the Navigation Pages: Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)-- the estimated time remaining to reach your destination based on your present speed and track. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)-- the estimated time of day at which you will arrive at your destination based on current ground speed and track. Course to Steer (CTS)-- the recommended course to follow in order to reduce cross track error and stay on course. Provides the most efficient heading to get back on course and proceed along your route or GOTO. Crosstrack Error (XTK)-- the distance you are off the desired course in either direction, left or right. This field will give you a digital readout of the data depicted by the CDI. Velocity Made Good (VMG)-- the speed you are closing in on a destination along the desired course. Also referred to as the `vector velocity' to your destination. Turn (TRN)-- the angle difference between the bearing to your destination and your current track. `L' indicates you should turn left, `R' indicates you should turn right. Using the Compass Page Destination Waypoint REFERENCE Bearing to Waypoint Compass Page Pointer to Waypoint Speed Over Ground The Compass Page provides better steering guidance than the Highway Page for travel at slower speeds (e.g., walking), travel with many directional changes and when it's not necessary to follow an exact course. The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the waypoint are displayed at the top of the page, below the destination waypoint name. The distance displayed is the straight-line distance from your present position to the destination waypoint. The bearing indicates the exact compass heading from you to the destination. The middle of the page features a rotating "compass ring" that shows your course over ground while you are moving (track indicated at the top of the ring), with a pointer arrow to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow shows the direction of your destination from the direction you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any direction (left, right, down, etc.), turn toward the arrow until it points up. Then continue in that direction. The bottom of the page shows your track (TRK), speed (SPD), and a user-selectable field for ETE, ETA, CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN. When you are one minute away from your destination (based on your current speed and track over ground), the GPS 12 will alert you with a flashing onscreen message box. In this example, the Compass Page indicates that you are traveling west (261 degrees) and the destination waypoint is to the northwest (291 degrees). Turn right 30 degrees and continue on. In this example, the Compass Page indicates that you are traveling north (350 degrees) and the destination waypoint is to the northwest (291 degrees). Turn left 59 degrees and continue on to reach your destination. 33 REFERENCE Using the Highway Page Bearing to Waypoint Track Destination Waypoint Graphic Highway Display Speed Over Ground Distance to Waypoint Highway Page CDI Scale User Selectable Field In this example, the Highway Page indicates that you are off course to the left. Steer right to get back on course. Notice the highway always shows the direction to turn. If the highway leads straight up the page, you should continue in your current direction. If you get too far off course, a message box will appear to indicate the most efficient heading to get you back on course. The GPS 12's Highway Page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint, with a greater emphasis on the straight-line desired course and the distance and direction you are off course. The bearing and distance to a waypoint--along with your current track and speed--are displayed at the top of the screen. As you head toward your destination, the middle of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint on a moving graphic "highway." Your present position is represented by the diamond in the center of a course deviation indicator (CDI) scale. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired track. As you navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move--indicating the direction you're off course--relative to the position diamond on the CDI scale. When the highway is pointing straight up the screen, the waypoint is directly ahead. If the destination waypoint is to the left, the top of the highway will lead to the left, and vice versa. To stay on course, simply steer in the direction the highway leads (left or right) until the highway leads straight up the page. If you do get off the desired course by more than 1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you are off course will be displayed where the CDI scale setting normally appears. If you get too far off course (the highway has disappeared off either side of the highway display), a message box will appear to indicate what course to steer to get back on course. (For information on how to set this scale, see pg. 45.) As you approach a waypoint, a horizontal "finish line" will move toward the bottom of the highway. When the finish line reaches the CDI scale, you've arrived at your destination. 34 Map Page Zoom Scale Pan & Option Fields Distance to Waypoint REFERENCE Map Page Bearing to Waypoint Present Position Track Speed The Map Page shows your position and surroundings, and provides you with a target cursor that lets you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to a map position, and mark new waypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is broken down into two sections: control fields and map section. The zoom function, panning control, and configuration fields are located at the top of the screen. The zoom function uses 18 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2 to 500 miles, or 0.3 to 800 km. (Using the zoom, panning, and configure fields will be addressed in the next section.) The map portion of the page displays your present position as a diamond icon, with your track and/or route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are represented using symbols, with the waypoint name also listed. You may select which of these features are shown through the map options pages (see pgs. 37-39 for more information). The four corners of the Map Page are used to display various navigation data: the bearing and distance to a destination waypoint and your current track and speed over the ground. The two fields at the top corners of the map show your bearing and distance to one of three selectable destinations: an active destination waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, or the panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to a waypoint or using the panning function, the top data fields will not be displayed. Your current track and speed are shown at the bottom corners of the display. Note: The map scale represents the distance from the top to the bottom of the Map Page. For example, when viewing the 20 mile scale, the distance represented between the top of the screen and bottom is 20 miles. The four corners of the Map Page are used to show your track and speed, along with distance and bearing to either a cursor or to a destination waypoint. 35 REFERENCE Zooming, Panning, and Map Options There are three main functions you can perform from the Map Page-- zooming, pointing & panning, and options (changing the map/track setup and finding cities). Each of these functions has its own "field", which may be selected and activated for use. Whenever the Map Page first appears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always highlighted. The map has 18 map scales which are selected through the zoom function field.