User manual GARMIN GPS 120XL

GPS 120XL Marine Navigator ZOOM Owner's Manual & Reference ® Software Version 2.0 or above © 1997 GARMIN Corporation 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062 Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020 Fax: 913-397-8282 Web Site Address: www.garmin.com GARMIN (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, U.K. Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222 GARMIN (Asia) Corp. 4th Fl., No. 1., Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tein, Taiwan R.O.C. Phone: 886.02.917.3773 Fax: 886.02.917.1758 All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. GARMIN, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate,TracBack, and MultiTrac 8 are all trademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN. July 1997 - Part #190-00136-00 Rev. B - Printed in Taiwan. INTRODUCTION GPS 120XL OPERATOR'S MANUAL Overview Welcome to the easiest-to-use fixed-mount GPS on the water! The GPS 120XL represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide mariners with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and userfriendly design which will be useful for years to come. To get the most from your new GPS unit, it is important that you take the time to read through the operator's manual to understand the operating features of the GPS 120XL. The manual is organized into four sections for your convenience: Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains the table of contents and glossary of navigation terms. Getting Started takes you through step-by-step instructions to initialize the receiver for first-time use and introduces you to the basic features of the unit with a quick-start orientation to the GPS 120XL. This section has been designed to acquaint you with the unit and provide a basic working knowledge necessary to use the unit in typical conditions. Reference provides detailed explanations of the advanced features and operations of the GPS 120XL in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate on a specific topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that you may not need. The Appendix section contains installation instructions and items with multiple listings, such as: map datams, time offsets, and the index. Packing List Before getting started with your GPS receiver, check to see that your GARMIN GPS 120XL package contains the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately. Standard Package: · GPS 120XL Unit · External Antenna with 30' cable · Power/Data Cable · Mounting Bracket with knobs · Owner's Manual · Quick Reference Card See your GARMIN dealer for accessories, including our PC kit. Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 120XL. We hope it will help you meet all of your navigation needs. i INTRODUCTION Caution The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 120XL is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe. Use the GPS 120XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 120XL to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation. NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compliance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 120XL does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations. ii INTRODUCTION Table of Contents SECTION ONE Introduction Glossary/Navigation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 SECTION TWO Getting Started Turning On and Initializing the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 Primary Page Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9 Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-11 Position and Map Page Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-12 Going To a Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Using the Highway Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Cancelling a GOTO and Clearing Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 SECTION THREE Reference Satellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-17 Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Marking, Saving, and Using Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19-26 TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27-28 Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29-34 Using the Compass and Highway Navigation Pages . . . . . . . . . . . .35-37 Map Plotting, Zooming, and Cursor Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38-40 Menu Page and Distance/Sun Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Track Log Setup and TracBack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Interface Setup and DGPS Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43-45 System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46-47 Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-50 Map Page Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51-52 Alarms Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Navigation Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Appendix A­­Unit and Antenna Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-57 Appendix B--Specifications and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-59 Appendix C--Messages/Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60-61 Appendix D--Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62-64 Appendix E--Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-66 1 INTRODUCTION Glossary The GPS 120XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual. Almanac Data Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG) The bearing from the "active from" position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTE) The distance you are off a desired course in either direction. Desired Track (DTK) The compass course between the "from" and "to" waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS) An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) The time left to your destination at your present speed. 2 INTRODUCTION Glossary Grid Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth's polar axis. Longitude An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian, an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles. Navigation The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where you are in relation to your desired course. Position An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system. Track (TRK) The direction of movement relative to a ground position. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to measure position in specific zones. Velocity Made Good (VMG) The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination. Waypoint A specific location saved in the receiver's memory. 3 INTRODUCTION Navigation Basics The GPS 120XL provides steering guidance and navigation information using degrees, a measurement measured in a clockwise direction from a north reference. North is described as 000º, east as 090º, south as 180º, and west as 270º. The diagram and compass rose below provide a graphic illustration of the navigation terms used by the GPS 120XL. More information on basic navigation and GPS are available at your local library or bookstore. "ACTIVE TO" WAYPOINT "A CT IV E NORTH NORTH BRG SP EE D TRK DTK "ACTIVE FROM" WAYPOINT 4 GR OU ND DIST LE G" ANC CK RA ST OS CR R RO ER E Getting Started with your GPS Welcome to the exciting world of GARMIN GPS! The GPS 120XL represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide marine users with quality navigation information in a versatile, user-friendly design they will enjoy for years to come. To get the most out of your GPS receiver, be sure to read through the initialization and Getting Started sections of this manual, and refer to the reference section for complete details on the GPS 120XL's advanced features. Initializing Your GPS for First-Time Use The first time you power up your new GPS 120XL is an important step in getting the best possible future GPS performance. Because a GPS receiver can only receive signals from satellites above the horizon, it needs to know what satellites to look for at any given time. By using an almanac (a timetable of satellite numbers and their orbits) stored in the receiver's memory, the GPS 120XL can determine the distance and position of any GPS satellite and then use this information to determine your position. To obtain this almanac data, your GPS receiver needs to be initialized -- or given the opportunity to "find itself"-- the very first time it is turned on. Once you have initialized the unit, the GPS 120XL will compute future fixes more rapidly, usually in a few minutes. Remember that initializing the unit is only necessary under the following conditions: · First-time use from the factory · If the receiver has been moved over 500 miles from the last calculated position with power off · If the receiver's memory has been cleared and all stored data has been lost GETTING STARTED Initialization Welcome Page The welcome page will appear as soon as the GPS 120XL is turned on and remain while the unit conducts a brief self-test. 5 GETTING STARTED Initializing the Receiver The receiver is shipped from the factory in AutoLocateTM mode, which enables the GPS 120XL to determine its location anywhere in the world. To speed up the initialization process, we recommend using the graphic initialization described below, which will usually provide a fix in 7.5 to 15 minutes. Before you initialize, make sure your GPS 120XL unit and antenna have been correctly installed on your boat according to the instructions in Appendix A. To turn the GPS 120XL on: 1. Press and hold P until the receiver turns on. Initialization The welcome page will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded. Once testing is complete, the welcome page will be replaced by the Satellite Page, with the EZinit prompt ready for you to select one of two initialization methods: ·Select Country­­allows you to initialize the receiver by selecting your present position from a list of countries in the GPS 120XL's internal database. This usually provides a position fix in a few minutes. ·AutolocateTM ­­allows the GPS 120XL to initialize itself and calculate a position fix without knowing your present position. This usually provides a position fix in 7.5-15 minutes. If the EZinit prompt has not automatically appeared on the Satellite Page: 1. Press the F key. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the country, region or state of your present position from the list and press ENTER. If the country is not listed, select the closest country instead. Note: If the EZinit prompt ever appears after you have initialized the receiver (due to the antenna's view of satellites being obstructed by trees, etc.), highlight the `no re-init' selection with the arrow keypad and press ENTER. To initialize the receiver: 1. If the `country' option is not highlighted, press theD key repeatedly to move the field highlight to the `country' option. 6 2. Press the F key. Initializing the Receiver (cont) 3. Use the D key to scroll through the list options until the country of your present position appears. 4. Use theU key to highlight the country/state/region you're in. If the country you're in is not listed, select another country within 500 miles of your present position. 5. Press F to finish. GETTING STARTED Initialization The GPS 120XL will now begin searching for the appropriate satellites for your location and should acquire a position within 3-5 minutes. You can verify that you have acquired a position by watching the Satellite Page transition to the Position Page (provided you haven't pressed any other buttons) or by looking for a `2D NAV' or `3D NAV' status at the top left corner of the Satellite Page. Initialization Troubleshooting If you have trouble initializing the receiver or acquiring a position, check the following: · Does the antenna have a clear view of the sky? The GPS 120XL's Satellite Page will help you determine which satellites are in view and whether or not any satellites are being "shaded" or blocked from the receiver's antenna. By monitoring the signal strength bars at the bottom of the page and the sky view, you'll be able to see how moving to another area with a clearer view of the sky will improve satellite reception and speed up signal acquisition. If there are large buildings or mountains nearby, or if there is heavy tree cover, the receiver may not be receiving enough satellite signals to calculate a position. · Have you selected the right country/state/region from the EZinit list? Check for the correct approximate lat/lon on the Position Page, or reselect the appropriate country from the list to restart the initialization. · Have you moved more than 500 miles from the last calculated position with the receiver off? Reinitialize the receiver, selecting the country/state/ region of your new location from the EZinit list. Your unit should now be initialized. If you want to complete the Getting Started Tour at another time, you may now turn the GPS 120XL off (see below) or you may continue. To turn the GPS 120XL off: 1. Press and hold P for approximately three seconds until the receiver turns off. 7 GETTING STARTED Primary Pages Before we start the tour, let's briefly look at the five primary information pages used for the GPS 120XL. Note: Switch between pages by pressing either the Q or Jkeys. Primary Pages J Q Satellite Page The Satellite Page shows satellite positions and signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed using two circles and a center point. The outer circle shows satellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point represents satellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positions will show you the direction of any blocked signals. Satellite Page The Satellite Page will allow you to monitor satellite signal reception and strength. The bottom of the page contains a row of signal strength bars corresponding to each satellite being used. Position Page The Position Page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading and how fast you're going. The top of the page contains a compass tape which is a graphic representation of your heading. Your track and speed are indicated immediately below. The graphic compass tape reflects your heading only while you are moving. ! Position Page The rest of the page shows your current position in three dimensions: latitude, longitude and altitude. A trip odometer and 12/24 hour clock are also provided. 8 Map Page The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you to view your position, the "path" you have traveled over, and nearby waypoints. A diamond icon in the center of the screen represents your current position. As you move, you will see a thin line-- called a track log-- appear along the path you have just covered. Names of stored waypoints can also be shown on the map. The bottom corners of the screen will always display your current track and speed. When going to a waypoint, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using the panning target crosshair, the corresponding distance and bearing are shown at the top corners of the screen. Navigation Page A navigation page gives you steering guidance when going to a waypoint. The GPS 120XL has two navigation page choices: the Highway Page and the Compass Page. The Highway Page is the default and will be briefly explained here. The Compass Page is covered on pages 35 and 37. The Highway Page uses a graphic highway to show your movement in relation to your desired course. The upper section shows bearing and distance to the waypoint and your current track and speed. The middle portion contains the actual highway. The highway indicates the crosstrack error, or distance and direction, your are off-course from your waypoint. Always turn in the direction the highway is pointing. For example, if the highway points straight up, no turn is required. If the highway points right, you need to turn right until the highway points straight up. The remainder of the page contains the estimated time enroute (ETE) and your velocity made good (VMG). Menu Page The last primary page is the Menu Page. The Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 120XL's waypoint management, route, track log, and setup features through a list of submenus. GETTING STARTED Map, Navigation & Menu Pages Map Page Shows your progress on a moving track plotter and get a bird's-eye-view of surrounding waypoints with the Map Page. Highway Page With the Highway Page, you will get graphic steering guidance in navigating a route or to a single waypoint. 9 GETTING STARTED Getting Started Tour Now that your GPS receiver has been initialized and you are familiar with the primary pages, it's time to take a tour. This is a live tour and is to be conducted with your unit installed and with the boat in the water. The tour will take you through the receiver's basic features and functions as you move about on the water and assumes that the GPS 120XL is turned on, initialized, and that you have not changed any of the factory settings (units of measure, selectable fields, etc.). If these settings have been changed, the pictures and descriptions in this manual may not match what you see on your screen. Navigation Simulator If you are not able to take the Getting Started Tour with your boat in the water, you may use the built-in navigation simulator to practice using the GPS 120XL. To use the simulator, see page 54. Marking a Waypoint To begin the tour, let's take the position you have acquired (either by just initializing the unit or by having turned the unit on) and mark it as a waypoint for future reference. 1. Press the M key to capture and hold your position. Marking A Position The simulator mode will allow you to practice navigation and become familiar with the GPS 120XL without leaving your slip. ! To save a waypoint with the default three-digit name, simply press the MARK key followed by the ENTER key. The GPS 120XL will then return to the page previously displayed. To mark a position, you must have obtained a 2D or 3D fix, or have the receiver in simulator mode. If you try to mark a position without a position fix, you will be alerted with a `No GPS Position' message. 10 The mark position page will appear, showing the captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint name. Let's change the default name to something a little more meaningful, like `DOCK'. 1. Press theU key twice to move the field highlight from the `save' field to the name field. 2. Press Fand L to clear the default waypoint name. 3. Press and hold theU key to scroll through the alphabet until the letter `D' appears. 4. Press the Rkey once to move the character highlight to the next character space. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the word `DOCK' is displayed. 6. Press F to complete entry of the name. 7. Press the D key once to return the field highlight to the `save' field. 8. Press the F key to confirm that you want to save the position as a waypoint named `DOCK'. GETTING STARTED Marking A Position The mark position page will now be replaced by the Position Page (or whatever page was displayed prior to pressing the M key). The `DOCK' waypoint is now stored in the GPS 120XL's memory, and will remain there until you manually remove it or clear the receiver's memory. For more on waypoint management, see pages 19-25. Using the Position and Map Pages Now that you've marked a position, let's see how the Position and Map Pages can be used to monitor your progress as you head out in to the open water. The arrow keypad is used for all data entry. Use the UP and DOWN keys to select letters, numbers, or menu options, and use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to move the cursor forward or backward along the line. Position Page ! As always, ensure your primary focus is on boating traffic and monitor the GPS120XL briefly when operating your boat. 11 GETTING STARTED Using the Position and Map Pages (continued) As you head out, the Position Page will help you monitor your movement. Graphic Compass Tape Current Speed Altitude Position & Map Pages Track Over Ground Trip Odometer Position Display 12/24 Hour Time The Map Page displays your present position as a diamond icon and provides real-time graphic "breadcrumb" display of your track right on the screen. The direction you are moving (your track) and your speed are displayed on the upper part of the page, just below the graphic compass tape. The latitude, longitude and approximate altitude of your position, along with a resettable trip odometer, are continuously displayed in the middle of the page, and the time of day is displayed below. Now let's change the display to the Map Page and watch the track log of our tour: 1. Press the J key to change from the Position Page to the Map Page. To get a larger view of the Map Page, lets change the the zoom scale from .2 (default) to 1.0 nautical mile. To select a larger zoom scale on the Map Page: 1. Press the H key until `1.0 n.m. zoom scale' appears. The moving map's default screen orientation is track up orientation. "Track up" means that your current direction of travel is always up (or towards the top of) the screen. It can also be set for north up, or desired track orientation through the map setup page. Your current position is shown as the diamond in the middle of the screen. The dark circle below the diamond represents the position you created, with the line between the two showing your track. 1. Once you have reached an area that allows for general changes in direction without interfering in the passage of other boats, mark your current position again and name this waypoint "CHANNL". (See `Marking a Waypoint' on pages 10-11) 2. Next, make a moderate turn in any direction safe for navigation and proceed for another 3 minutes. 12 Going To a Waypoint Once you've stored the "CHANNL" waypoint in memory, you can use the GPS 120XL to guide you to it by performing a simple GOTO. A GOTO is nothing more than a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you've selected. ! GETTING STARTED Going To A Waypoint Use caution when navigating. A "straight-line" course reflects the shortest distance to a waypoint, and does not navigate around obstructions, such as land or buoys, etc. Now that you have moved away from `CHANNL' for three minutes, let's try navigating back to it. To select a GOTO destination: 1. Press the G key. 2. The GOTO waypoint page will appear, displaying all the waypoints in memory in alphabetical order. 3. Use U or D to highlight the `CHANNL' waypoint. 4. Press the F key to confirm that you want to navigate to the displayed waypoint. The Highway Page (default) will appear. Bearing to Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Destination Waypoint Destination Waypoint "Finish Line" The GOTO waypoint page allows you to select your destination from a list of all available waypoints in the GPS 120XL's memory. CDI Scale Once a GOTO is activated, the GPS 120XL will provided steering guidance until the GOTO is cancelled. To cancel a GOTO, highlight the cancel prompt at the bottom of the page and press ENTER. The GPS 120XL's Highway Page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination, with an emphasis on a straight-line course to the desired waypoint and the distance and direction you are off course. The bearing and distance to a waypoint, along with your current track and speed are displayed at the top of the screen, with your estimated time enroute (ETE) and velocity made good (VMG), or the speed you are approaching your destination, shown at the bottom. 13 GETTING STARTED Using the Highway Page (continued) Using The Highway Page Current Track Current Speed Position Diamond Estimated Time of Arrival Pointer to Waypoint Velocity Made Good The 120XL will also provide steering guidance with a graphic compass page. To change the display from the highway page, press ENTER twice. As you head toward your destination, the middle section of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint on a moving graphic "highway". The moving arrow just below the course deviation scale always points to your selected waypoint relative to the direction you are moving. Your present position is represented by the diamond in the center of the course deviation scale. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired track. As you navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move, indicating the direction you're off course, relative to the position diamond on the CDI scale. To stay on course, simply steer toward the center of the highway. While navigating, you may decide to use the Compass Page (see picture above left) instead of the Highway Page. To select the Compass Page: 1. While viewing the Highway Page press F, twice. Once you are one minute from the destination (based on your present speed and course), an arrival message will appear on the message page. The Compass Page will now become the displayed navigation page. This page provides a directional pointer to your destination, by using a rotating compass display to show direction of travel. It provides better steering guidance at slower speeds for travel with many directional changes. To switch back to the Highway Page, press ENTER twice. 14 Cancelling a GOTO If you decide to stop navigating to the active waypoint, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO. To cancel an active GOTO: 1. Press the G key. 2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the `CANCEL GOTO?' prompt at the bottom of the page and press F. GETTING STARTED Cancelling A GOTO & Clearing Maps Clearing a Cluttered Map Display After you've used the GPS 120XL for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become a bit messy from keeping track of your every move. For practice, let's clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the plot points left on the Map Page) we've just created during the Getting Started Tour. 1. Press J or Q until the Menu Page appears. 2. Use theD key to move the field highlight to the `TRACK LOG' option. 3. Press F to access the track log page. 4. Press theU key twice to highlight the `CLEAR LOG?' option. The clear log confirmation page will appear. 5. Use the L key to highlight the `Yes' prompt. 6. Press F to finish. Highlight the `CLEAR LOG?' prompt and press ENTER to clear the track log. Once all 1024 points are used, the oldest point will be continuously deleted to make room for the latest track log point. Turning the Receiver Off You've now gone through the basic operation of your new GPS receiver and probably know a little more than you think about how it works. We encourage you to experiment with the GPS 120XL until it becomes an extension of your own navigation skills. If you encounter any problems using the unit or want to take advantage of the GPS 120XL's more advanced features, refer to the reference section. To turn the GPS 120XL off: 1. Press and hold the P key for 3 seconds. Holding the POWER key for three seconds ensures against accidental shut-off by accidentally pressing the button. 15 REFERENCE Satellite Page Satellite Page Overview Status Satellite Sky View Satellite Sky View Satellite Numbers As soon as a satellite has been found and the GPS 120XL is acquiring position data, the satellite number will turn to normal presentation and a hollow bar will appear. The Satellite Page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS 120XL is doing at any given time, and will tell you whether or not the receiver has calculated a position fix. Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The sky view in the center of the page shows a bird's-eye view of the position of each satellite relative to the receiver's last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point is a position directly overhead. When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will remain highlighted in reverse video. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The satellite number in the sky view will also change from reverse video to normal presentation. As soon as the GPS 120XL has collected the necessary data to use the satellite for positioning, the hollow bar will become solid. Satellites being tracked but blocked from use (03,17) will be displayed in reverse video, with the corresponding signal strength bar hollow. 16 Receiver Status and EPE Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the screen, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will show one of the following conditions: Searching-- the GPS 120XL is looking for any available satellites in view. AutoLocateTM-- the GPS 120XL is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This process can take 7.5 to 15 minutes. Acquiring-- the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not collected enough data to calculate a 2D fix. 2D Nav (2D Navigation)-- at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculated. `2D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode. 3D Nav (3D Navigation)-- at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and altitude. `3D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode. Poor CVG (Poor GPS Coverage)-- the receiver is no longer tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix. Not Usable-- the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset. SIM (Simulating Navigation)-- the receiver is in simulator mode. EZinit Option Prompt The Satellite Page also provides access to the GPS 120XL's initialization menu, the EZinit prompt. The EZinit prompt will appear automatically the first time the unit is turned from the factory, after 10 minutes of unsuccessful satellite acquisition, or if you push the ENTER key while viewing the Satellite Page with the unit in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring, simulator, or poor coverage modes. (See pages 6-7 for more on EZinit.) REFERENCE Receiver Status & EZinit A `POOR CVRG' status will appear on the Satellite Page if the receiver has lost the satellites required to compute a fix. Make sure the external antenna is not covered and is connected to the GPS 120XL. If you travel more that 500 miles with the receiver off, reinitialize the unit to your new position by using the EZinit feature. To access EZinit, press ENTER from the Satellite Page before any satellites are acquired. 17 REFERENCE Screen Backlighting The GPS 120XL features three levels of backlighting. Activate the backlight by pressing the POWER key briefly. Each press of the button advances the backlighting to the next level and then turns it off. Backlighting will remain on until turned off. Note: a bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page when backlighting is on. Position Page The GPS 120XL's Position Page shows you where you are, the direction you are heading, and your speed, and is most useful when you are traveling without an active destination waypoint. A compass tape at the top of the page displays your cardinal heading (while moving), with current track and speed over the ground indicated below. The rest of the page shows your present position in three dimensions (latitude, longitude and altitude). The units of measure for speed, distance, position and altitude are all user-selectable through the navigation setup menu (see pages 48-50). The 12/24 hour clock and time offset options are available from the system setup menu (see page 47). Trip Odometer The Position Page also features a resettable trip odometer to measure your total distance traveled. To reset the trip odometer: 1. Press the D key until the trip field is highlighted. 2. Press F, followed by L. 3. Press F to finish. Backlighting & Position Page The speed and track displayed on the Position Page may fluxuate at slow speeds (or when you're standing still) because of position errors caused by Selective Availability. Altitude Display To reset the trip odometer, highlight the trip field and press ENTER. Use the LEFT arrow key to clear the distance field, and press ENTER to confirm. When the GPS 120XL is acquiring satellites or navigating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude will be used to compute your position. If the altitude shown is off by several hundred feet, you can manually enter your altitude for greater accuracy. Note that GPS altitudes can fluxuate due to errors. 1. Press the D key until the altitude field is highlighted and press F. 18 2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the altitude and press F. Marking and Saving Waypoints Knowing your present position is only part of any navigation equation. You also need to keep track of where you've been and where you are going. Waypoints serve as electronic markers that let you keep track of starting points, destinations, navaids and any other important position. The GPS 120XL allows you to mark, store and use up to 250 waypoints. A waypoint position can be entered by taking an instant electronic fix or by manually entering a coordinate or range and bearing in reference to an existing waypoint. If you try to mark a waypoint without having a position fix, you'll be notified with a `No GPS Position' message. To mark your present position: 1. Press the M key to capture your position. REFERENCE Marking & Saving Waypoints The mark position page will appear, showing the captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint name. To change the default position name: 1. Press the U key twice to move the field highlight from the `save' field to the name field. 2. Press F to begin entry of the name. Pressing the L key will clear any existing data. 3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the name. 4. Press F to confirm the waypoint name. The field highlight will move to the `route' field. The GPS 120XL will automatically name new waypoints with a default threedigit name. You may then highlight the name field, press ENTER, and enter your own waypoint name. If you'd like to add this waypoint to a route: 1. Press the F key. 2. Use the U or D keys to enter a route number and press F. 3. Press the F key again to save the waypoint. To add a waypoint to a route as you are marking its position, enter the desired route number, highlight `SAVE?' and press ENTER. If you do not want to add this waypoint to a route: 1. Highlight the `save' field and press the F key. 19 REFERENCE Waypoint Submenus The GPS 120XL has three waypoint submenu pages that let you manage a large number of waypoints quickly and efficiently. The nearest waypoints, waypoint list and waypoint definition pages are accessed through the Menu Page. To select a waypoint submenu page: 1. Press J or Q until the Menu Page appears. 2. Use the U and D keys to highlight the waypoint submenu page you want to use. 3. Press F to display the submenu page. 4. To return to the Menu Page, press the J key. Nearest Waypoints Page Nearest Waypoints Page To select a waypoint submenu, highlight the desired option and press ENTER. The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest waypoints that are within 100 miles of your present position, with the bearing and range noted for each waypoint. During an emergency, the nearest waypoints page can give you the closest points of safety in your area at a glance. The nearest waypoints page will also let you retrieve a waypoint definition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right from the list. To review the waypoint definition page of a highlighted waypoint from the list: 1. Press the F key. The compass heading (BRG) and distance (DST) to the nine nearest waypoints are updated continuously. To return to the nearest waypoint page (when the `done' field is highlighted): 1. Press the F key. To go to a highlighted list waypoint: 1. Use the U and D keys to highlight a listed waypoint. 2. To select a highlighted nearest waypoint as a destination, press the G key. 3. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears, press the F key to confirm the selected waypoint as your destination. 20 Waypoint List Page The waypoint list page provides you with a complete list of all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 120XL. The total number of used and empty waypoints is indicated above the waypoint list. From the waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint definition page, delete all user-defined waypoints, or GOTO a selected waypoint. If a waypoint is currently used in a route, the lowest route number will be indicated to the left of the waypoint name. To review the waypoint definition page of a highlighted list waypoint: 1. Press the F key. REFERENCE Waypoint List Page To return to the waypoint list page (with the `done' field highlighted): 1. Press the F key. The total number of used and available waypoints is indicated at the top of the page. Route waypoints are indicated by an `R__'. Above, R03 means route 3. To GOTO a list waypoint: 1. Use the U and D keys to scroll through the list and select a waypoint. 2. To select a highlighted waypoint as a destination, press the G key. 3. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears, press the F key to confirm the selected waypoint as your destination. To delete all user-defined waypoints: 1. Use the U or D keys to move the cursor highlight to the `delete all waypoints' field. 2. Press the F key. A warning page will appear, asking if you are sure you want to delete all user-defined waypoints and routes. If you want to continue and delete: 1. Press the L key to highlight the `Yes' field. 2. Press the F key. 3. Press the Q key to return to the Menu Page. Deleting all user waypoints will also delete all routes stored in memory. If you do not want to delete all waypoints: 1. Press F with the `no' field highlighted. 21 REFERENCE Waypoint Definition Page The last of the three waypoint management pages is the waypoint definition page. This page lets you create new waypoints manually, or review and edit existing waypoints. Waypoint Name Waypoint Definition Page Position Coordinates Waypoint Comment Distance from Reference Waypoint Reference Waypoint Bearing from Reference Waypoint Function Prompts Use the waypoint definition page to review, rename, or delete stored waypoints and to create new waypoints manually. To create a new waypoint manually, you'll need to know its position coordinates or its distance and bearing from an existing waypoint. To create a waypoint by entering coordinates: 1. If a waypoint is currently displayed in the name field, highlight `NEW?' and press F. Then press the L key to clear the name field. 2. Use U and D to enter your waypoint name and use L and R to move to the next character position. 3. Press F to confirm the waypoint name. The position field will now become highlighted, with the receiver's last known position shown, if one exists. 4. Press F to begin entry of the position. To create a new waypoint by manually entering coordinates or by referencing an existing waypoint, highlight the `NEW?' prompt and press the ENTER key. 5. Use the U and D keys to enter your position, and use the L and R keys to move to each character field. 6. Press F to confirm and save your coordinates. The default waypoint comment (UTC date and time of creation) will appear, and the highlight will move to `DONE?'. 7. Press the F key to return to the Menu Page. 22 Reference Waypoints To create a new waypoint manually without knowing its position coordinates, you'll need to enter its bearing and distance from an existing waypoint. The GPS 120XL will then calculate the position coordinates for you. REFERENCE Reference Waypoints To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint: 1. Press U until the `NEW?' field is highlighted. 2. Press F. 3. Enter the name of your new waypoint. 4. Press the F key to confirm the waypoint name. The position field will now become highlighted, with the receiver's last known position shown. 5. Press D to move the cursor to the reference field. 6. Press F to begin entry of the reference waypoint or leave this field blank to use your present position. 7. Use the arrow keypad to enter the waypoint name. 8. Press the F key to confirm your entry. 9. Enter the bearing and distance of your new waypoint from the reference waypoint. Remember to use the F key to begin entry and confirm each field. The coordinates will be calculated and saved for your new waypoint. 10. Press the F key (with the `done' field highlighted) to return to the Menu Page. The GPS 120XL's advanced waypoint and planning features allow you to create new waypoints and practice navigation without ever leaving the slip. If you create a new waypoint by entering coordinates from a map, you may want to re-mark the waypoint's exact position once you get there. To re-define an existing waypoint's position coordinates from the waypoint definition page, simply highlight the `DST' field and press ENTER. Use the LEFT arrow key to set the distance to 0.00, and press ENTER to confirm. The old coordinates will be replaced by the coordinates of your present position (you must have a valid 2D or 3D position fix). 23 REFERENCE Editing Existing Waypoints The waypoint definition page also allows you to change the name, coordinates, comment or reference waypoint field for a stored waypoint (Fields shown on page 22). To edit the name, coordinates, comment, or reference waypoint field: 1. Use U and D to highlight the field you want to edit. 2. Press F to begin entry in the selected field. 3. Enter your new data. 4. Press the F key to confirm your changes. Editing,Deleting & Renaming Waypoints Waypoint Comments The waypoint comment field will automatically display the date and time of creation of the waypoint. You may replace this with a 16-character custom comment at any time. Each waypoint stored in the GPS 120XL has a userdefined 16-character comment field. The default comment is the UTC date and time of the waypoint's creation. To change or add a comment: 1. Use the U and D keys to highlight the comment field. 2. Press F to begin entry of your comment. 3. Enter the comment and press the F key to confirm. Renaming and Deleting Waypoints To access the rename function from the waypoint definition page, highlight the `RENAME?' prompt and press ENTER. 24 The rename and delete function fields are located at the bottom left of the waypoint definition page (you'll need to use the L key to move the field highlight out of its standard up-and-down scrolling sequence). To rename a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight the `RENAME?' field and press F. 2. Enter the new waypoint name and press F. 3. Press the F key to confirm your changes. REFERENCE Editing and Scanning Waypoints To delete a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight the `DELETE?' field and press F. 2. Press the L key to select the `YES' prompt. 3. Press F to delete the waypoint. A warning page will ask you for confirmation to delete the selected waypoint. Note: If a waypoint is part of a route, it must be removed before it can be deleted. (See p 34) Scanning Waypoints As you manually enter a waypoint's name, the GPS 120XL's waypoint scanning feature will automatically display the first numerical or alphabetical match of the character you have entered to that point. This helps eliminate the need to always enter a waypoint's complete name. To scan waypoints from a waypoint field: 1. Highlight the waypoint name field and press F. 2. Press the L key to clear the name field. 3. Use the U and D keys to scroll through waypoints. 4. If you have more than one waypoint that begins with the same letter or number, you must use the R key to move to the next character positions as needed. Only the first character match is listed for each name. 5. Once you've found the desired waypoint, press F. Waypoint names will appear alphabetically when scanning waypoints. If two waypoints begin with the same letter(s) you must move the cursor to the first letter they do not have in common for them to appear. 25 REFERENCE Selecting a GOTO Destination The GPS 120XL provides four ways to navigate to a destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack and route navigation. The most basic method of selecting a destination is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a direct course from your present position. To activate the GOTO function: 1. Press the G key. The GOTO waypoint list, an alphabetical list of all available waypoints, will appear. 2. Use the U and D keys to select the waypoint you want to navigate to (it may already be highlighted). 3. Press the F key to confirm, or Q to stop selection of a GOTO destination and return to the previous page. Starting/Stopping a GOTO & MOB Select a destination waypoint from the GOTO waypoint list. Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, the Compass Page or Highway Page will provide steering guidance to the destination until either the GOTO is cancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the active route (see page 34). To cancel an active GOTO: 1. Press the G key. 2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the `CANCEL GOTO?' prompt at the bottom of the page and press F. Man Overboard Function Once the MOB mode has been activated, steering guidance will be provided by the highway or compass page. Activating another MOB will replace the previous MOB waypoint. The GPS 120XL's man overboard function (MOB) lets you simultaneously mark and set a course to a position for quick response to passing positions (like the spot where your hat blew overboard). To activate the MOB mode: 1. Press the B key. The GOTO waypoint page will appear with `MOB' selected as the default destination. 2. Press the F key to begin MOB navigation. 26 The GPS 120XL will now guide you to the MOB waypoint until the MOB GOTO is cancelled (see "to cancel an active GOTO" above). If you want to save the MOB waypoint, be sure to rename it, because it will be overwritten the next time a MOB is executed. TracBack Navigation The third method of navigating to a destination is by using the GARMIN'S patented TracBack feature. The TracBack function allows you to quickly and easily retrace your path using the track log automatically stored in the receiver's memory. The advantage of the TracBack feature is to eliminate the need to mark waypoints along the way and manually create and activate a route back to where you began your trip. The TracBack route is created by reducing your current track log into a route of up to 30 waypoints, and activating an inverted route along those points. Once activated, a TracBack route will lead you back to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so it's usually a good idea to clear the existing track log at the starting point of your current trip (e.g. your car or the dock) before you get started. To clear the track log and define a starting point for a TracBack route: 1. From the Menu Page, highlight `TRACK LOG'. 2. Press F to access the track log page. 3. Use the U key to highlight the `CLEAR LOG?' option. 4. Press F. A confirmation page will appear. 5. Use L to highlight the `Yes?' prompt and press F. REFERENCE TracBack Navigation Clearing the log before you get started will define the position the TracBack function will return you to. To activate a TracBack route: 1. From the Menu Page, highlight `TRACK LOG' option. 2. Press F to access the track log page. 3. Highlight the `TRACBACK?' option and press F. Highlight `TRACBACK?' and press ENTER to begin TracBack navigation. Once the TracBack function has been activated, the GPS 120XL will take the track log currently stored in memory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30 temporary waypoints (e.g., `T001') will be created to mark the most significant features of the track log in order to duplicate your exact path as closely as possible. A TracBack route from your present position to the oldest track log point will be created as the active route (the active route page will appear), and provide steering guidance to each waypoint back to the starting point of your track log. 27 REFERENCE Tips on Creating and Using the TracBack Feature The GPS 120XL's TracBack feature is designed to help you quickly create and activate a route that follows your path back to a user-defined starting point. To get the most out of the TracBack feature, remember the following tips: · Always clear your track log at the exact point that you want to go back to ( truck, dock, etc.). · The `RECORD' option on the track log setup page must be set to the `Yes' position. · There must be at least two track log points stored in memory to create a TracBack route. · If there are not enough available waypoints in memory to create a TracBack route, you will be alerted with a `waypoint memory full' message, and the receiver will use any available waypoints to create a TracBack route with an emphasis on the track log closest to the destination (the oldest track log point in memory). · If the `CRITERIA' option on the track log setup page is set to a time interval, the TracBack route may not follow your exact path (the automatic setting will provide the best TracBack route). · If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite coverage during your trip, the TracBack route will simply draw a straight line between any point where coverage was lost and where it resumed. · If the changes of direction and distance of your track log are very complex, 30 waypoints may not be enough to accurately mark your exact path. The receiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to the most significant points of your track. · If you want to save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open storage route before activating another TracBack. Activating another TracBack or storage route will overwrite the existing TracBack route. · Whenever a TracBack route is activated, temporary waypoints (e.g., `T001') that are not contained in routes 1-19 are erased. If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes 1-19, the receiver will create any new temporary waypoints using the first three-digit number available. TracBack Navigation The TracBack feature will navigate your track log back to the oldest point in the receiver's memory. The track log will be divided into segments with temporary waypoints to create a route back to the beginning of the track log. 28 Creating and Navigating Routes The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 120XL is by creating a user-defined route. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of predefined waypoints. Routes are often used when it's not practical, safe or possible to navigate a direct course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body of water or impassable terrain). Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller segments called "legs". The waypoint you are going to in a leg is called the "active to" waypoint, and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the "active from" waypoint. The line between the "active to" and the "active from" waypoint is called the "active leg". REFERENCE Route Navigation Waypoint 2 ("active to" waypoint) "Active Leg" Waypoint 1 ("active from" waypoint) Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 120XL, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the "active to" waypoint. 29 REFERENCE Route Definition Page The GPS 120XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited through the route definition page, which is accessed through the Menu Page. To select the route definition page: 1. Press J until the Menu Page appears. 2. Use the U and D keys to highlight the `ROUTES' option. 3. Press the F key to display the route definition page. 4. To return to the Menu Page, press J. Route Number Leg Distance Defining a Route If you're heading out without a planned route, the mark function can be used to quickly create a route back to your starting point. Create a series of waypoints along the way with the MARK key and save them to an open route from the mark position page. When you're ready to head back, simply activate the route you created in inverted order (see page 32). Comment Field Desired Track of Leg Copy Field Total Route Distance Function Prompts The route number field is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16-character user comment below. If no user comment is entered, the field will display the first and last waypoint in the route. The waypoint list in the middle of the page accepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields for desired track and distance between legs. The total distance of the route is indicated below the waypoint list. The bottom of the route definition page features several function fields which let you copy, clear, invert or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as storage routes, with route 0 always serving as the active route you are navigating. If you want to save a route currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another open route, as it will be overwritten by the next route activation. 30 To create a route from the route definition page: 1. Highlight the route number field and press F. 2. Enter a route number and press the F key to confirm. 3. Press F to begin entry of a route comment. (Note that the default [first and last waypoint] comment will only appear if the comment field is blank.) 4. Enter your comment and press the F key. 5. Highlight the No. 1 waypoint field and press F. 6. Enter the first waypoint of your route and press F. 7. Continue entering the rest of your waypoints in order, using the F key to start and confirm each field entry. The list will automatically scroll down. 8. After you have entered all your waypoints, press J. REFERENCE Creating, Copying & Clearing Routes Copying and Clearing Routes The route definition page is also used to copy a route to another route number. This feature is useful when you make changes to the active (or TracBack) route and want to save the route for future use. To copy a route: 1. Highlight the route number field and press F. 2. Enter the route number to be copied and press F. 3. Highlight the `COPY TO' field and press F. 4. Scroll through the available routes and select a destination route number. Only open routes will be available as choices. Press the F key to copy the route. 5. Press the J key to return to the Menu Page. Enter each waypoint in the order you would like to navigate them. If you enter a waypoint not stored in memory, you'll need to define the position on the waypoint definition page. To clear a route from memory: 1. Highlight the route number field and press F. 2. Enter the route number and press F. 3. Select the `CLR?' prompt and press F. To copy a route, select an open storage roue and press the ENTER key. If you select a route that is already used, you'll be alerted with a `Roue Full' Message. 31 REFERENCE Clearing Routes (continued) The clear route warning will appear, asking you to confirm that you want to remove all waypoints from the route. 1. Highlight the `Yes?' field with the L key. 2. Press F to confirm your action. 3. Press J to return to the Menu Page. Clearing, Activating and Inverting Routes Activating and Inverting Routes After a route has been entered, it can be activated in its defined sequence or inverted from the route definition page. The process of activating or inverting a stored route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it into the active route (route 0) for navigation. Clearing a route only removes the waypoints from the route selected. The waypoints used for the route will still remain in memory individually. This system allows you to have an active route that you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely new route from the original. You will have to copy the active route to an unused storage route to save it, since new route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0. To activate a route: 1. Select the route definition page and press the F key to activate the route number field. 2. Enter the route number to be activated and press F. 3. Move the field highlight to the `ACT?' prompt and press the F key. Inverting a route allows you to navigate route legs in reverse order without editing the original route. To activate a route in inverted order: To activate a route, highlight the `ACT?' prompt and press ENTER. 1. Follow the steps above, but select the `INV?' prompt and press F. 32 Active Route Page Once a route has been activated, the active route page will appear, displaying the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the active route page will become part of the primary page sequence of the unit. The active route page will also allow you to change the ETE field to display desired track (DTK) or estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. In addition you can also clear or invert the active route. To display DTK or ETA for each leg: 1. Highlight the estimated time enroute (ETE) field and press the F key. 2. Use the U or D keys to select `DTK' or `ETA' and press the F key. REFERENCE Active Route Page The active route page also allows you to clear (stop navigating) or invert the active route without using the route definition page. To invert a route from the active route page: 1. Press the U key once to move the field highlight to the `INVERT?' prompt. 2. Press the F key to invert the route. Whenever you have activated a route, the active route page will appear in the primary page sequence after the highway/compass page. To clear the active route from the active route page and stop route navigation: 1. Use the U and L keys to select the `CLEAR?' prompt. 2. Press the F key to clear the active route. To edit or review a route waypoints from the active route page, highlight the desired waypoint and press ENTER. Editing Routes Once a route has been created and stored, it can be edited at any time, even if it is the active route. To edit a route from the active route page or the route definition page: 1. Use the U and D keys to select the waypoint you want to edit and press F. 33 REFERENCE Editing Routes (continued) An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear, with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting or changing the waypoint field highlighted. Use the U and D arrow keys to select among the editing choices. Once you've selected a waypoint from the route list, choose a menu function: 1. To review the definition page for the waypoint, highlight the `REVIEW?' prompt and press F. 2. To add a new waypoint preceding the selected waypoint, highlight the `INSERT?' prompt and press F. 3. To remove the selected waypoint, highlight the `REMOVE?' prompt and press the F key. 4. To replace the selected waypoint with a new waypoint, highlight the `CHANGE?' prompt and press F. Editing Routes& On-Route GOTO's Use the on-screen menu to select the desired editing function. Use the route waypoint editing instructions described earlier for creating a route to complete your changes. If you are editing the active route (route 0), copy your new route version to an empty route to save it, because the active route will be overwritten by a new route activation. If you add, delete or change the first or last waypoint of a route, the default comment (first and last waypoint) will automatically be updated. On-Route GOTOs At the beginning of this section, we mentioned that the GPS 120XL will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. This will give you steering guidance to the desired track of the active leg. If you would prefer to steer directly to a route waypoint, you can perform an "on-route GOTO" from the active route page. 1. Use the U and D keys to highlight the desired route waypoint and press the G key. 2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears, press F to confirm the on-route GOTO waypoint. You can skip ahead and navigate to any route waypoint by highlighting the desired waypoint and pressing the GOTO key. 34 Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO waypoint, the GPS 120XL will automatically resume navigating the rest of the route in sequence. User-Defined Navigation Pages Once you've selected a GOTO destination or activated a MOB or route, the GPS 120XL will provide graphic steering guidance to the destination with one of two navigation pages: REFERENCE Highway & Compass Pages · The Highway Page (the default navigation page) provides a graphic highway that shows your movement relative to the desired course, with an emphasis on your crosstrack error (the distance and direction you are off course). The Highway Page is well suited for boating and other activities with higher speeds and straight line courses to a destination. · The Compass Page provides a directional pointer to the destination, with a rotating compass graphic to display your direction of travel. The Compass Page is ideal for activities like trawling or entering a harbor, and provides better steering guidance for slow-speed (e.g., walking) travel with many directional changes. Both pages provide a digital display of the bearing and distance to the destination, your current speed and track over the ground, and course deviation indicator (CDI). Select the desired navigation page at any time. To select the Compass or Highway Page: 1. Press J until the current navigation page appears. 2. Press F. An on-screen box will appear, with the navigation page not currently in use highlighted as the default. 3. Press F to switch the navigation screen. To switch the navigation page to the Compass Page, press ENTER twice. To switch the navigation page to the Highway Page, press ENTER twice. 35 REFERENCE Using the Highway Page The GPS 120XL's Highway Page also provides graphic steering guidance to a destination, with a greater emphasis on the straight-line desired course and the distance and direction you are off course. The bearing and distance to a waypoint, along with your current track and speed are displayed at the top of the screen, with your estimated time enroute (ETE) and velocity made good (VMG, or the rate you are closing in on your destination) at the bottom. Bearing to Waypoint Track Over Ground Destination Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Speed Over Ground Highway Page In this example, the Highway Page indicates that you are off course to the right. Steer left to get back on course. Notice the emphasis of the Highway Page is on the desired course. Graphic Highway Estimated Time Enroute Pointer to Waypoint CDI Velocity Made Good As you head toward your destination, the middle section of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint on a moving graphic "highway". The moving arrow just below the course deviation scale always points to your selected waypoint relative to the direction you are moving. Your present position is represented by the diamond in the center of the course deviation scale. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired track. As you navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move, indicating the direction you're off course, relative to the position diamond on the CDI scale. To stay on course, simply steer toward the center of the highway. If you do get off the desired course by more than 1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you are off course will be displayed where the CDI scale setting normally appears (see the example at left). If you get too far off course (the highway has disappeared), a message box will appear to indicate what course to steer to get back on course. If you get too far off course, a message box will appear to indicate what course to steer to get back on course most efficiently. 36 Using the Compass Page The GPS 120XL's Compass Page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint. The bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the waypoint are displayed at the top of the page, right below the destination waypoint field. The distance displayed is always the straight-line distance from your present position to the destination waypoint. The bearing indicates the exact compass heading from you to the destination. Destination Waypoint Distance to Waypoint REFERENCE Compass Page Bearing to Waypoint Graphic Compass Pointer to Waypoint Track Over Ground Speed Over Ground The middle of the page features a rotating "compass" that shows your current cardinal heading while you're moving (track up), with a pointer arrow in the center to indicate the direction of the destination relative to the direction you are moving. The compass rose and pointer arrow combine to show current direction and current destination at a glance. The bottom of the Compass Page shows your current track (TRK) and speed (SPD) over the ground. When you are one minute away from the destination (based on your current speed and track over the ground), the GPS 120XL will alert you with a flashing on-screen message box. In this example, the Compass Page indicates that you are traveling in an easterly (088 degrees) direction and the destination waypoint is northeast (058 degrees) of your current direction of travel. In this example, the Compass Page indicates that you are traveling in a northerly (031 degrees) and the destination waypoint is east (057 degrees) of your current direction of travel. 37 REFERENCE Map Page The GPS 120XL features a powerful real-time moving map that can do much more than just plot your course and route. The Map Page also provides you with a target cursor that will let you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to any map position, and mark new waypoints while you navigate. Bearing to Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Map Page Present Position The GPS 120XL has onscreen range rings to help you estimate distances relative to your present position. The value of each ring is determined by the current zoom scale, and is equal to 1/5 of the selected scale. To turn the range rings display on or off (the default setting is OFF) see the map setup instructions on pages 51-52. Track Over Ground Speed Over Ground The map contains 12 selectable range scales from 0.2 to 320 miles (0.5 to 600 km). The scale represents the distance shown from the top of the screen to the bottom. Move from scale to scale by using the dedicated zoom keys (IN and OUT). Pressing IN decreases the scale and pressing OUT increases the scale. A diamond icon in the center of the page represents your present position, with your track and/or route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are shown as squares, with the corresponding name listed. You may select which items are shown through the map setup submenu page (see pages 51-52 for more information). The four corners of the Map Page are used to display various navigation data, including the bearing and distance to a destination waypoint and your current track and speed over the ground. The two fields at the top corners of the map show your bearing and distance to one of three selectable destinations: an active destination waypoint; a highlighted on-screen waypoint; or the panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to a waypoint or using the panning function, the top data fields will not be displayed. The bottom corners of the display always show your current track and speed. 38 Zooming, Panning, and Pointing There are three main functions you can perform from the Map Page: zooming, panning, and pointing. Zooming is increasing or decreasing the display scale of the map. Panning is using a target crosshair and the arrow keypad to "slide" the map window in any direction, including diagonally, to view the surrounding area. Pointing is the act of highlighting a waypoint on the map in order to find out more about the waypoint and conduct a GOTO, or highlighting a position on the map to create a new waypoint and conduct a GOTO. To select a zoom scale (even while panning): 1. Press I or H once for each level of increase or decrease desired. 2. Press and hold down either key to increase or decrease by more than one scale. REFERENCE Map Zooming, Panning, & Pointing To activate the pan function: 1. Press the arrow keypad in any direction, including diagonally. As you begin to move the map, a crosshair will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a target marker for the moving map. The distance and bearing from your present position to the target crosshair will appear in the upper corners of the map. If you are conducting a GOTO at the time you activate the panning function, the crosshair bearing and distance will replace the bearing and distance of the GOTO waypoint. As you pan around the map, you'll notice that the target crosshair will point to on-screen waypoints and highlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name is highlighted, you can review its waypoint definition page or execute a GOTO function right from the Map Page. To review the definition page for a waypoint highlighted on the map: 1. Press F. The waypoint definition page will appear. Review and make any desired changes to the highlighted waypoint. 2. When finished, highlight the `DONE?' field and press F. To change the map scale, press the IN or OUT key once for each level desired. An on-screen window will display the current zoom scale. The crosshair will "snap" to waypoints highlighted on the map, which allows you to quickly review or GOTO the selected waypoint right from the Map Page. 39 REFERENCE Zooming, Panning, & Pointing (continued To go to a waypoint highlighted on the map: 1. Press the G key.The GOTO waypoint page will appear with the waypoint's name highlighted. 2. Press the F key to confirm. Using the Cursor on the Map To stop the panning function and display your present position: 1. Press the Q key. Using the Cursor to Mark and GOTO Waypoints