User manual GARMIN GPS 128

GPS 126/128 Marine Navigator GPS 126 shown ZOOM Owner's Manual & Reference ® Software Version 2.0 or above © 1997 GARMIN International, Inc 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062 Tel: 913-397-8200 or 800-800-1020 Fax: 913-397-8282 Web Site Address: www.garmin.com GARMIN (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, U.K. Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222 GARMIN (Asia) Corp. 4th Fl., No. 1., Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tein, Taiwan R.O.C. Phone: 886.02.917.3773 Fax: 886.02.917.1758 All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. GARMIN, AutoLocate,TracBack, and are all trademarks of GARMIN International and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN. January 1998 - Part #190-00151-00 Rev. A - Printed in Taiwan. i INTRODUCTION GPS 126/128 OWNER'S MANUAL Packing List Welcome to the easiest-to-use fixed-mount GPS on the water! The GPS 126 and GPS 128 represent GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide mariners with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate, and user-friendly design which will be useful for years to come. Due to the similarity between the GPS 126 and GPS 128, we have addressed both units in one manual. This manual is organized into four sections for your convenience: Introduction gives a quick overview of the manual and contains the table of contents and glossary of navigation terms. Getting Started introduces you to the basic features of the unit with a quick-start orientation to the GPS 126/128. This section has been designed to acquaint you with the unit and provide a basic working knowledge necessary to use the unit in typical conditions. Reference provides detailed explanations of advanced features and operations in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate on a specific topic quickly, without reading through sections of text that you may not need. The Appendix section contains step by step instructions on how to initialize the unit for first time use, installation instructions and items with multiple listings, such as: map datums, time offsets, and the index. Packing List Before getting started with your GPS receiver, check to see that your GARMIN GPS 126/128 package contains the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately. Standard Package: · GPS 126/128 Unit · Power/Data Cable · Quick Reference Guide * The GPS 128 also comes with an external antenna with 30' cable. See your GARMIN dealer for accessories, including our PC kit. Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 126/128. We hope it will meet all of your navigation needs. · Mounting Bracket with knobs · Owner's Manual ii INTRODUCTION Caution The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 126/128 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and, therefore, become unsafe. Use the GPS 126/128 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Operator's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 126/128 to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, maps, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation. NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compliance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 126/128 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations. iii INTRODUCTION Table of Contents SECTION ONE Introduction Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Navigation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 SECTION TWO Getting Started Keypad Usage & Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Primary Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Power On & Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Position Page and Map Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Going to a Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Clearing the Map Display, Adjusting Contrast, & Power Off . . . . . . . .13 SECTION THREE Reference Satellite Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Backlighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Position Page & User Selectable Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . . . .18, 19 Waypoint Pages & Managing Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Using the Compass & Highway Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Map Page, Zooming, & Panning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37, 38 Map Page & Track Log Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39, 40 Menu Page & Distance/Sun Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Navigation Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Interface Setup & DGPS Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44, 45 Navigation Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Appendix A­­Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Appendix B--Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Appendix C--Specifications & Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Appendix D--Messages and Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Appendix E­­Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Appendix F­­Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 1 INTRODUCTION Glossary The GPS 126/128 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual. Almanac Data Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG) The bearing from the "active from" position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTK) The distance you are off a desired course in either direction. Desired Track (DTK) The compass course between the "from" and "to" waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS) An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) The time left to your destination at your present speed. 2 INTRODUCTION Glossary Grid Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth's polar axis. Longitude An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian, an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles. Navigation The process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where you are in relation to your desired course. Position An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system. Track (TRK) The direction of movement relative to a ground position. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to measure position in specific zones. Velocity Made Good (VMG) The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination. Waypoint A specific location saved in the receiver's memory. 3 INTRODUCTION Navigation Basics The GPS 126/128 provides steering guidance and navigation information using degrees, a measurement measured in a clockwise direction from a north reference. North is described as 000º, east as 090º, south as 180º, and west as 270º. The diagram and compass rose below provide a graphic illustration of the navigation terms used by the GPS 126/128. More information on basic navigation and GPS are available at your local library or bookstore. "ACTIVE TO" WAYPOINT "A CT IV E NORTH NORTH BRG SP EE D TRK DTK "ACTIVE FROM" WAYPOINT 4 GR OU ND DIST LE G" ANC CK RA ST OS CR R RO ER E INTRODUCTION P J M G F Q B I H U D LR Turns the unit on and off and activates screen backlighting. Scrolls through the main data pages in sequence and returns display from a submenu page to the main page. Captures a position and displays the mark position page. Displays the GOTO page with the waypoint highlighted for GOTO operation. Confirms data entry and activates highlighted fields to allow data entry. Returns the display to a previous page, or restores a data field's previous value. Marks your present GPS position and instantly sets a return course while providing steering guidance. DATA ENTRY The arrow keypad is used for all data entry. Use the U and D keys to select letters, numbers, and menu options; use the L and R keys to move the cursor forward or backward along the line. Press F to confirm your entry. Keypad Usage and Data Entry Decreases the scale of the moving map. Increases the scale of the moving map. Selects alphanumerical characters and menu choices and moves the field highlight from field to field. Moves the selected character field and moves the field highlight from field to field. 5 INTRODUCTION Primary Pages Before we start the tour, let's briefly look at the five primary information pages used for the GPS 126/128. To switch between pages press either the Q or J keys (see below). Primary Pages J Q Satellite Page The Satellite Page shows satellite positions and signal strength. Satellite positions are displayed using two circles and a center point. The outer circle shows satellites on level with the horizon; the inner circle is 45º above the horizon; and the center point represents satellites directly overhead. Knowing satellite positions will show you the direction of any blocked signals. The bottom of the page contains a row of signal strength bars corresponding to each satellite being used. Satellite Page The Satellite Page will allow you to monitor satellite signal reception and strength. Position Page The Position Page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading, and how fast you're going. The top of the page contains a compass tape which is a graphic representation of your heading. ! The graphic compass tape reflects your heading only while you are moving. Position Page 6 Your track and speed are indicated immediately below. Underneath are two user-selectable fields for a variety of data. The current position is displayed in latitude and longitude or a user selectable grid format. A 12/24 hour clock is also provided. Map Page The Map Page acts as a window. It allows you to view your position, the "path" you have traveled over, and nearby waypoints. A diamond icon in the center of the screen represents your current position. As you move, you will see a thin line called a track log appear along the path you have just covered. Names of stored waypoints and waypoint symbols can also be shown on the map. The bottom corners of the screen always display your current track and speed. When going to a waypoint, highlighting an on-screen waypoint, or using the panning target crosshair, the corresponding distance and bearing are shown at the top corners of the screen. Navigation Page A navigation page gives you steering guidance when going to a waypoint. The GPS 126/128 has two navigation page choices: the Highway Page and the Compass Page. The Highway Page is the default and will be briefly explained here. The Compass Page is covered on page 36. The Highway Page uses a graphic highway to show your movement in relation to your desired course. The upper section shows bearing and distance to the waypoint and your current track and speed. The middle portion contains the actual highway. The highway indicates the crosstrack error, or distance and direction, your are off-course from your waypoint. Always turn in the direction the highway is pointing. For example, if the highway points straight up, no turn is needed. If the highway points right, you need to turn right until the highway points straight up. The pointer just below the CDI scale always points to your selected waypoint, relative to the direction you are moving. The remainder of the page contains two user-selectable fields. Menu Page The last primary page is the Menu Page. The Menu Page gives you access to the GPS 126/128's waypoint management, route, and setup features through a list of submenus. The Menu Page is covered on page 43. INTRODUCTION Primary Pages Map Page The Map Page shows your progress on a moving track plotter and gives you a bird's-eye-view of surrounding waypoints. Highway Page With the Highway Page, you will get graphic steering guidance when navigating a route or going to a single waypoint. 7 GETTING STARTED Getting Started Tour Now that you are familiar with the primary pages, it's time to take a tour. This is a live tour and is to be conducted with your unit installed and with the boat in the water. The tour will take you through the receiver's basic features and functions as you move about on the water and assumes that the GPS 126/128 is turned on and initialized, (see page 52 for initialization procedure) and that you have not changed any of the factory settings (units of measure, selectable fields, etc.). If these settings have been changed, the pictures and descriptions in this manual may not match what you see on your screen. Navigation Simulator If you are not able to take the Getting Started Tour with your boat in the water, you may use the built-in navigation simulator to practice using the GPS 126/128. To use the simulator, see page 51. Marking a Position To begin the tour, let's take the position you have acquired (either by just initializing the unit or by having turned the unit on) and mark it as a waypoint for future reference. 1. Press the M key to capture and hold your position. Power On & Marking a Position The Welcome Page will be shown while the unit conducts a self test. ! To mark a position, you must have obtained a 2D or 3D fix, or have the receiver in simulator mode. If you try to mark a position without a position fix, you will be alerted with a `No GPS Position' message. Press the UP arrow to move forward through the alphabet or numbers and the DOWN arrow to move backward. The mark position page will appear, showing the captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint name. Let's change the default name to something a little more meaningful, like `DOCK'. 2. Press the down arrow once to move the field highlight from the `SAVE?' field to the name field. 8 3. Press F to clear the default waypoint name. 4. Press and hold theU key to scroll through the alphabet until the letter `D' appears. 5. Press the Rkey once to move the character highlight to the next character space. 6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the word `DOCK' is displayed. 7. Press F to complete entry of the name. GETTING STARTED Position and Map Pages Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom waypoint symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map page. 1. Press F to activate the symbol menu. 2. Select the anchor symbol and press F. 3. Press the D key to highlight the `DONE?" field. 4. Press F to confirm the selected symbol. 5. With the `SAVE?' field highlighted, press F to confirm that you want to save the position as a waypoint named `DOCK'. The arrow keypad is used for all data entry. Use the UP and DOWN keys to select letters, numbers, or menu options, and use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to move the cursor forward or backward along the line. The mark position page will now be replaced by the Position Page (or whatever page was displayed prior to pressing the M key). The `DOCK' waypoint is now stored in the GPS 126/128's memory, and will remain there until you manually remove it or clear the receiver's memory. For more on waypoint management, see pages 19-24. Using the Position and Map Pages Now that you've marked a position, let's see how the Position and Map Pages can be used to monitor your progress as you head out into the open water. Position Page ! As always, ensure your primary focus is on boating traffic and monitor the GPS126/128 briefly when operating your boat. 9 GETTING STARTED Using the Position and Map Pages (cont.) As you head out, the Position Page will help you monitor your movement. Graphic Compass Tape Current Speed UserSelectable Field 12/24 Hour Time Position and Map Pages Track Over Ground UserSelectable Field Position Display The Map Page displays your present position as a diamond icon and provides a real-time graphic "breadcrumb" display of your track right on the screen. The direction you are moving (your track) and your speed are displayed on the upper part of the page, just below the graphic compass tape. The latitude and longitude, along with two user-selectable displays, are continuously displayed in the middle of the page, and the time of day is displayed below. Now let's change the display to the Map Page and watch the track log of our tour: 1. Press the J key to change from the Position Page to the Map Page. To view a larger area on the Map Page, let's change the zoom scale from .2 (default) to 1.0 nautical mile. To select a larger zoom scale on the Map Page: 1. Press the H key until `1.0 n.m. zoom scale' appears. The moving map's default screen orientation is trackup. "Track up" means that your current direction of travel is always up (or towards the top of) the screen. It can also be set for north up, or desired trackup orientation through the map setup page. Your current position is shown as the diamond in the middle of the screen. The dark circle below the diamond represents the position you created, with the line between the two showing your track. 1. Once you have reached an area that allows for general changes in direction without interfering in the passage of other boats, mark your current position again and name this waypoint "CHANNL". (See `Marking a Position' on page 18.) 2. Next, make a moderate turn in any direction thats safe for navigation and proceed for another 3 minutes. 10 GETTING STARTED Going To a Waypoint Once you've stored the "CHANNL" waypoint in memory, you can use the GPS 126/128 to guide you to it by performing a simple GOTO. A GOTO is nothing more than a straight-line course from your present position to the destination you've selected. ! Going To a Waypoint Use caution when navigating. A "straight-line" course reflects the shortest distance to a waypoint, and does not navigate around obstructions, such as land or buoys, etc. Now that you have moved away from `CHANNL' for three minutes, let's try navigating back to it. To select a GOTO destination: 1. Press the G key. 2. The GOTO waypoint page will appear, displaying all the waypoints in memory in alphabetical order. 3. Use U or D to highlight the `CHANNL' waypoint. 4. Press the F key to confirm that you want to navigate to the displayed waypoint. 5. Press the J key to view the Graphic Highway Page. Bearing to Waypoint Track Over Ground Destination Waypoint "Finish Line" Directional Pointer Distance to Waypoint Speed Over Ground Destination Waypoint CDI Scale Your Relative Position Once a GOTO is activated, the GPS 126/128 will provid steering guidance until the GOTO is cancelled. To cancel a GOTO, highlight the cancel prompt at the bottom of the page and press ENTER. The GOTO waypoint page allows you to select your destination from a list of all available waypoints in the GPS 126/128's memory. UserSelectable Fields 11 REFERENCE Going To a Waypoint (continued) The GPS 126/128's Highway Page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination, with an emphasis on a straight-line course to the desired waypoint and the distance and direction you are off course. The bearing and distance to a waypoint­along with your current track and speed, are displayed at the top of the screen, with two user-selectable fields shown at the bottom. As you head toward your destination, the middle section of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint on a moving graphic "highway". The pointer just below the CDI scale always points to your selected waypoint relative to the direction you are moving. Your present position is represented by the diamond in the center of the course deviation scale. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired track. As you navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move, indicating the direction you're off course, relative to the position diamond on the CDI scale. To stay on course, simply steer toward the center of the highway. While navigating, you may decide to use the Compass Page (see picture above left) instead of the Highway Page. To select the Compass Page: 1. While viewing the Highway Page, press F twice. GOTO Waypoint & Cancelling GOTO The 126/128 will also provide steering guidance with a graphic Compass Page. To change the display from the Highway Page, press ENTER twice. The Compass Page will now become the displayed navigation page. This page provides a directional pointer to your destination by using a rotating compass display to show direction of travel. It provides better steering guidance at slower speeds for travel with many directional changes. Once you reach the selected distance from the destination (based on your present speed and course), an arrival message will appear on the message page. To switch back to the Highway Page, press ENTER twice. Cancelling a GOTO If you decide to stop navigating to the active waypoint, all you have to do is cancel the GOTO. To cancel an active GOTO: 1. Press the G key. 12 2. Use the arrow keypad to move the field highlight to the `CANCEL GOTO?' prompt at the bottom of the page and press F. REFERENCE Clearing a Cluttered Map Display After you've used the GPS 126/128 for a few trips, you may find that your map display has become a bit messy from keeping track of your every move. For practice, let's clean up the screen by clearing the track log (the plot points left on the Map Page) we've just created during the Getting Started Tour. 1. Press J or Q until the Map Page appears and press F. 2. Use theD key to move the field highlight to the `TRACK SETUP' option. 3. Press F to access the track setup page. 4. Highlight the `CLEAR LOG?' option. The clear log confirmation page will appear. 5. Use the L key to highlight the `Yes' prompt. 6. Press F to finish. Clearing the Map, Adjusting Contrast, & Power Off Adjusting the Contrast You can adjust the screen contrast from the Satellite Page and also from the Menu Page (see page 47) To adjust the contrast from the Satellite Page: 1. Press the J or Q key until the Satellite Page appears. 2. Press the arrow keypad left or right until the desired level is reached, and press F. Highlight the `CLEAR LOG?' prompt and press ENTER to clear the track log. Once all 1024 points are used, the oldest point will be continuously deleted to make room for the latest track log point. Turning the Receiver Off You've now gone through the basic operation of your new GPS receiver. We encourage you to experiment with the GPS 126/128. If you encounter any problems using the unit or want to take advantage of the GPS 126/128's more advanced features, refer to the reference section of this manual. To turn the GPS 126/128 off: 1. Press and hold the P key for 3 seconds. Instantly change the screen contrast by pressing the arrow keypad while viewing the Satellite Page. 13 REFERENCE Satellite Page Status Field Horizontal Accuracy Satellite Page Skyview Display Signal Strength Indicators The GPS 126/128's Satellite Page will help you determine which satellites are in view, and whether or not any satellites are being "shaded" or blocked. (See satellites 07 and 19 above). By periodically monitoring the signal strength bars at the bottom of the page and the north up sky view, you will be able to see how moving to another area with a clearer view of the sky will improve satellite reception and speed up signal acquisition. The GPS 126/128's Satellite Page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS 126/128 is doing at any given time, and will tell you whether or not the receiver has calculated a position fix. Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a bird's-eye view of the position of each available satellite relative to the unit's last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north or track up); the inner circle 45º above the horizon; and the center point directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by a `2D NAV' or `3D NAV' in the status field). You can also set the sky view to a track-up configuration by changing the "orientation" option on the Map Page. (See pg. 41 for Map Setup instructions.) When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS 126/128 has collected the necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will indicate a 2D or 3D status. 14 Receiver Status and EPE Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the page, with the current horizontal accuracy (EPE, estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will be shown as one of the following conditions: Searching-- the GPS 126/128 is looking for any available satellites in view. AutoLocate-- the GPS 126/128 is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This process can take 5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently in view. Acquiring-- the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not collected enough data to calculate a 2D fix. 2D Navigation-- at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculated. `2D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode. 3D Navigation-- at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and altitude. `3D Diff' will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode. Poor GPS Coverage-- the receiver isn't tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix. Not Usable-- the receiver is unusable, possibly due to abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset, and reinitialize the receiver if necessary. Simulator-- the receiver is in simulator mode. REFERENCE Receiver Status & Screen Backlighting The signal strength bars at the bottom of the page will not appear until the GPS 126/128 has found the satellites indicated at the bottom of the screen. Screen Backlighting The GPS 126/128 feature illuminates the screen display for a user-defined interval (the default is 15 seconds). There are three stages of backlighting. When backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear at the bottom left of the sky view. To adjust the duration of screen backlighting, refer to the system setup section (see page 47). Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page when backlighting is on. When backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page. Use the icon to determine if backlighting is turned on during daylight hours. 15 REFERENCE EZinit Option Prompt The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinit prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated. (The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring, simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you to reinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off and must initialize your new position. (The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is blocked from receiving satellite signals. Note: The GPS 126/128 features an internal lithium battery that will maintain the unit's memory when the receiver is not running. EZinit Prompt and Memory Erase Memory Erase Function You may erase the GPS 126/128's memory in four quick steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted, including routes, waypoints, and the track log. To erase all stored data: 1. Ensure that the GPS 126/128 is turned off. 2. While holding down the M key, press the P key to turn the unit on. After the unit turns on, release the keys. A warning message will appear with "Yes?" highlighted, and ask you to confirm your selection. 3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press R and F to cancel the emergency erase. 4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press F to confirm. If you travel more than 500 miles with the receiver off, reinitialize the unit to your new position by using the EZinit feature. To access EZinit, press ENTER from the Satellite Page before any satellites are acquired. Position Page The second page in the GPS 126/128's main page sequence is the Position Page. This page shows you where you are, what direction you're heading, and how fast you're going. The Position Page is most useful when you are traveling without an active destination waypoint. The graphic compass tape across the top of the page indicates the direction you're heading (only while you're moving). Upon activating the Memory Erase Function, you will be asked to confirm your decision. 16 Position Page (continued) Directly below the graphic compass tape are the track and speed fields. Track is the compass direction representing your actual course over the ground, and Speed is how fast you're moving. Below track and speed are two user-selectable fields. Both user selectable fields can display a variety of information that will aid in navigation The left field offers options for TRIP (default), AVSPD, MXSPD, TTIME, and ELPSD. The right field offers options for ALT (default), TTIME, ELPSD, and TRIP. The following user-selectable options are available on the Position Page: Trip Odometer (TRIP)-- total distance traveled since last reset. Trip Timer (TTIME)-- total (cumulative) time in which a ground speed has been maintained since last reset. Elapsed Time (ELPSD)-- hours and minutes since last reset. Average Speed (AVSPD)-- average speed traveled. Maximum Speed (MXSPD)-- maximum speed traveled since last reset. Altitude (ALT)-- vertical distance above sea level. To change the user-selectable fields 1. Highlight the left or right user-selectable field and press F. 2. Use the U orD key to scroll through the available options. 3. Press F to confirm your selection. REFERENCE Position Page The speed and track displayed on the position page may fluctuate at slow speeds (or when you're not moving) because of position errors caused by Selective Availability. The trip odometer, trip timer, and average speed fields are linked. Resetting one of these options in a user-selectable field will automatically reset the corresponding data in the other. This ensures that information shown in these fields reflects your current trip. The user-selectable fields on the Position Page give you a variety of information to choose from. 17 REFERENCE Altitude Field When the GPS 126/128 is acquiring satellites or navigating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude is used to compute your position. In cases where the GPS 126/128 has 2D coverage, entering your approximate altitude will enable the receiver to determine a 3D fix. Note: The altitude can not be changed when the GPS 126/128 has a 3D position fix. To enter an altitude: 1. Ensure that `ALT' is displayed in the user-selectable field. 2. Highlight the `ALT' value field, and press F. 3. Enter a value, and press F. Altitude Field & Marking a Position Resetting the trip odometer will erase the previous mileage and set the odometer to 0. Directly below the user-selectable fields is the Position field. The position field shows the current GPS position in latitude and longitude (default) or a user selectable position format (see navigation setup page 47). Directly below the position field is the time. Time can be displayed as a 12­ or­ 24 hour clock (see system setup page 46). Marking A Position The GPS 126/128 allows you to mark and store up to 500 positions as waypoints. A waypoint can be entered by taking an instant electronic fix, by manually entering coordinates (pg. 21), or using the bearing and distance to a known position (pg. 22). To mark your present position: 1. Press M. The mark position page will appear, showing the captured position and a default threedigit name. 2. To save a default name and symbol, press F to confirm the `Save?' prompt. You may enter a known altitude to assist the GPS 126/128 in establishing a 3D fix. To enter a different waypoint name: 1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press F. 2. Make the appropriate changes, and press F. 3. Highlight `SAVE?', and press F. Note: To enter a different waypoint symbol or comment, see pg. 23. 18 To add this waypoint to a route: 1. Highlight the `Add to route number' field, and press F. 2. Enter a route number, press F to confirm and press F again to save the waypoint. REFERENCE Position Averaging & Waypoint Pages Position Averaging Function The GPS 126/128 positioning averaging function will help reduce the effects of selective availability when marking a waypoint. Note: As the GPS 126/128 calculates the FOM, it will rapidly change before it stabilizes on one number. 1. After you have pressed the M key, highlight the `AVERAGE?' field and press F. The Figure of Merit (FOM) field will display the value reflecting estimated accuracy of the averaged position. 2. The unit will continue averaging until you have highlighted `SAVE?' and pressed F. The GPS 126/128 will save new waypoints with a default three-digit name. To add the waypoint to a route, enter the desired route number, highlight `SAVE?', and press ENTER. Waypoint Pages The GPS 126/128 has three waypoint pages that let you quickly manage up to 500 waypoints. These pages-- nearest waypoints, waypoint list, and waypoint definition-- can be accessed through the Menu Page. To select a waypoint page: 1. Access the Menu Page, and highlight a waypoint page option. 2. Press F. Nearest Waypoints Page The nearest waypoints page shows the nine nearest waypoints within 100 miles of your present position, with the bearing and distance noted for each waypoint. This page will let you retrieve a waypoint definition page or GOTO a selected waypoint right from the list. To review the waypoint definition page of a selected waypoint: 1. Highlight the desired waypoint. 2. Press F. After initiating the position averaging function, a Figure of Merit value will be displayed, and the `SAVE?' field will automatically be highlighted. 19 REFERENCE To return to the nearest waypoint page: 1. Highlight `DONE?'. 2. Press F. Nearest Waypoints & Waypoint List To go to a highlighted list waypoint: 1. Highlight the desired waypoint, and press G. 2. Press F. Waypoint List Page The waypoint list page provides a complete list of all waypoints currently stored in the GPS 126/128 and their respective waypoint symbols. The total number of empty and used waypoints is also indicated. From the waypoint list page, you can retrieve a waypoint definition page, delete all user-defined waypoints, delete waypoints by symbol, review a waypoint, or GOTO to a selected waypoint. To select a waypoint submenu, highlight the desired option and press ENTER. To delete all user-defined waypoints: 1. Highlight `DELETE WPTS?', and press F. Nearest Waypoints Page The compass heading (BRG) and distance (DST) to the nine nearest waypoints are updated continuously. An options page will appear, asking if you want to delete all user-defined waypoints or if you want to delete waypoints by symbol type. 1. Highlight either `ALL' or `SYMBOL', and press F. If you select `ALL,' highlight `YES?' and press F to confirm. 20 Waypoint List Page (continued) If you highlight `SYMBOL,' you'll be asked to select a symbol. 1. select the symbol to be deleted and press F. 2. Press F to confirm the `DONE' prompt, highlight the `YES?' prompt, and press F. REFERENCE Waypoint List & Proximity Waypoints Note: This feature is handy for deleting temporary waypoints created by the TracBack function. Proximity Waypoints The GPS 126/128's proximity waypoint function warns you when you are getting too close to hazardous waypoints. This function allows you to create up to nine proximity waypoints and designate an alarm circle for each waypoint. If you enter this circle, a warning message will alert you. To enter a proximity waypoint from the main menu: 1. Highlight `PROXIMITY WPTS' and press F. 2. Highlight the first empty waypoint field and press F. 3. Use the arrow keypad to scan through stored waypoints until desired waypoint appears (see page 24 ). 4. Press F. The distance (DST) field will be automatically highlighted. 5. Press F Enter the desired distance. . 6. Press the F key. Deleting waypoints by symbol enables you to delete a specific group of waypoints without losing all other waypoints. To review or remove a proximity waypoint: 1. Select a proximity waypoint and press F. 2. Highlight `REVIEW?' or `REMOVE?' and press F. If `REVIEW?' is chosen, the waypoint definition page will appear, and you may make any changes to the selected waypoint (see pgs. 22-24). If `REMOVE?' is chosen, the proximity waypoint page will reappear with the waypoint removed. Press Q or J to return to the Menu Page. Quickly edit proximity waypoints by highlighting the waypoint name and pressing ENTER. 21 REFERENCE Waypoint Definition Page Waypoint Name Waypoint Symbol Position Coordinates Reference Waypoint Bearing from Reference Waypoint Function Prompts Waypoint Comment Waypoint Definition & Reference Waypoints Distance from Reference Waypoint The GPS 126/128's advanced waypoint planning features allow you to create new waypoints and practice navigation without ever setting foot outside. If you create a new waypoint by entering coordinates from a map, you may want to re-mark the waypoint's exact position once you get there. To re-define an existing waypoint's position coordinates from the waypoint definition page, simply highlight the DST field and press ENTER. Use the LEFT arrow key to set the distance to 0.00, and press ENTER to confirm. The old coordinates will be replaced by your present position if you have a valid 2D or 3D position fix. The waypoint definition page lets you create new waypoints manually or review and edit an existing waypoint's coordinates, symbols, and comments. It is also used to delete an individual waypoint from memory (see pg. 24). To create a new waypoint manually, you'll need to know its position coordinates or its approximate distance and bearing from an existing waypoint. To create a waypoint by entering coordinates: 1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight `NEW?', and press F. 2. Enter a waypoint name, and press F. 3. Press F to select a waypoint symbol, make your selection, and press F. 4. Highlight the `DONE?' prompt, and press F to return to the waypoint page. 5. Highlight the `position' field, and press F. 6. Enter your position, and press F. 7. Highlight the `DONE? prompt and press F to confirm. Reference Waypoints To create a new waypoint manually without knowing its position coordinates, you'll need to enter its bearing and distance from an existing waypoint or your present position. To create a new waypoint by referencing a stored waypoint: 1. From the waypoint definition page, highlight `NEW?', and press F. 22 Reference Waypoints (cont.) 2. Enter a waypoint name, and press F. 3. Highlight the `reference' field, and press F. 4. Enter a reference waypoint name (or leave the field blank to use your present position), and press F. 5. Enter the bearing and distance of your new waypoint from the reference waypoint. 6. Press F to confirm the `DONE?' prompt. REFERENCE Waypoint Symbols & Comments Waypoint Symbols The GPS 126/128 allows you to select one of 16 symbols for each waypoint for easy recognition on the map display. From the symbol page, you may also select how the waypoint appears on the map. To select a waypoint symbol: 1. Highlight the symbol field, and press F. 2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired symbol, and press F. 3. The cursor will move to the display field, where you can select how the waypoint information will be displayed on the map. 4. Press F, and select one of the following display options: `name with symbol,' `symbol only,' or `comment with symbol'. 5. Press F to confirm your selection, and F again to confirm the `Done?' prompt. Waypoint symbols enable you to instantly get more information about a waypoint than just its name. Waypoint Comments Each waypoint stored in the GPS 126/128 has a user-defined 16-character comment field. The default comment is the UTC (or Greenwich mean time) date and time of the waypoint's creation. To change or add a comment: 1. Highlight the `comment' field. 2. Press F. The waypoint comment field will automatically assign the date and time of creation to the waypoint comments field. You may enter a 16-character user comment at any time. Note: You can clear the `comment' field by pressing the left side of the rocker keypad. 3. Enter the desired comment. 4. Press F. 23 REFERENCE Renaming and Deleting Waypoints The rename and delete function fields are located along the bottom of the waypoint definition page. To rename a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight `RENAME?', and press F. 2. Enter the new waypoint name , and press F. 3. Press F to confirm the `Yes?' prompt. Rename, Delete & Scan Waypoints To delete a stored waypoint: 1. Highlight `DELETE?', and press F. 2. Highlight the `Yes' prompt, and press F. Note: To delete a waypoint that's part of a route, first remove the waypoint from the route (see pg. 34), and then delete it. If you attempt to delete a waypoint that's part of a route, you'll be given a "Route Waypoint Can't be Deleted" message. You may wish to quickly save waypoints by pressing MARK and then ENTER, thus assigning a default name. You may then rename the waypoint at a later date. Any waypoint may be renamed at any time. Scanning Waypoints As you manually enter a waypoint's name, the GPS 126/128's waypoint scanning feature will automatically display the first numerical or alphabetical match of the character you have entered. If you have more than one waypoint that begins with the same letter or number, move to the next character postion and continue entering the waypoint name. This helps eliminate the need to always enter a waypoint's complete name. To scan waypoints from a waypoint field: 1. Highlight the waypoint name field, and press F. 2. Press the left side of the keypad to clear the name field. 3. Scroll through the waypoints. 4. When you find the desired waypoint, press F. Scanning waypoints from the waypoint definition page is quick and easy. Simply highlight the name, press ENTER, and use the arrow keypad to scroll through the names. 24 Selecting a GOTO Destination The GPS 126/128 provides four ways to navigate to a destination: GOTO, MOB, TracBack, and route navigation. The most basic method of selecting a destination is the GOTO function, which lets you choose any stored waypoint as the destination and quickly sets a direct course from your present position. To activate the GOTO function: 1. Press G. 2. Select the waypoint you want to navigate to, and press F. REFERENCE Select a GOTO & MOB Function Once a GOTO waypoint has been activated, the Compass Page or Highway Page will provide steering guidance to the destination until either the GOTO is cancelled or the unit has resumed navigating the active route (see pg 30). To cancel an active GOTO: 1. Press the G key. 2. Highlight `CANCEL GOTO?', and press F. Select a destination waypoint from the GOTO waypoint list. Man Overboard Function The GPS 126/128's man overboard function (MOB) lets you simultaneously mark and set a course to a position for quick response to passing positions. To activate the MOB mode: 1. Press the B key. 2. Press F to begin MOB navigation. The GPS126/128 will now guide you to the MOB waypoint until the MOB GOTO is cancelled. If you want to save the MOB waypoint be sure to rename it. The MOB function will overwrite any previous MOB waypoint when it is activated. Once the MOB mode has been activated, steering guidance will be provided by the Compass or Highway Page. Activating another MOB will overwrite the previous MOB waypoint. 25 REFERENCE TracBack Navigation GARMIN's patented TracBack feature allows you to quickly retrace your path using the track log automatically stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates the need to mark waypoints along the way and manually create and activate a route back to where you began your trip. Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead you back to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so it's usually a good idea to clear the existing track log at the start of each trip. To clear the track log and define a starting point for a TracBack route: 1. From the Map Page, press F. 2. Highlight the `TRACK SETUP' option, and press F. 3. Highlight `CLEAR LOG?', press F. 4. Highlight `Yes?', and press F. TracBack WARNING: Setting the track recording to OFF will disable the TracBack function. To activate a TracBack route: 1. Press G, highlight `TRACBACK?', and press F. Once the TracBack function has been activated, the GPS 126/128 will take the track log currently stored in memory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30 temporary waypoints will be created to mark the most significant features of the track log in order to duplicate your exact path as closely as possible. These points will be indicated by waypoint numbers beginning with `T' on the waypoint list, and by a "T" symbol on the Map Page. The active route page will appear, showing a route from your present position to the oldest track log point in memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will be provided back to the starting point of your track log. Note: You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, but only if the route is not active. Highlight the `TracBack?' prompt and press ENTER to begin TracBack navigation. Tips On the TracBack Feature · Always clear your track log at the exact point that you want to go back to (dock, boat ramp, etc.). · The `Record' option on the track log setup page can be set to either the `wrap' or `fill' position. · There must be at least two track log points stored in memory to create a TracBack route. 26 · If there are not enough available waypoints in memory to create a TracBack route, you will be alerted with a `waypoint memory full' message, and the receiver will use any available waypoints to create a TracBack route with an emphasis on the track log closest to the destination (the oldest track log point in memory). · If the `Method' option on the track log setup page is set to a time interval, the TracBack route may not follow your exact path. (Keeping the criteria set to automatic will always provide the most detailed TracBack route.) · If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite coverage during your trip, the TracBack route will simply draw a straight line between any point where coverage was lost and where it resumed. · If the changes in direction and distance of your track log are complex, 30 waypoints may not be enough to accurately mark your exact path. The receiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to the most significant points of your track, and simplify segments with fewer changes in direction. · To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open storage route before activating another TracBack. Activating another TracBack or storage route will overwrite the existing TracBack route. · Whenever a TracBack route is activated, the receiver will automatically erase any temporary waypoints that are not contained in routes 1-19. If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes 1-19, the receiver will create any new temporary waypoints using the first three-digit number available. (You can also quickly delete all temporary TracBack waypoints in memory by using the `delete by symbol' method described on pg. 21.) REFERENCE TracBack The TracBack feature will navigate your track log back to the oldest point in the receiver's memory. The track log will be divided into segments with temporary waypoints to create a route back to the beginning of the track log. 27 REFERENCE Route Navigation The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 126/128 is to create a user-defined route. The GPS126/128 lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when it's not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body of water). Routes Waypoint 2 ("active to" waypoint) "Active Leg" Waypoint 1 ("active from" waypoint) Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller segments called "legs". The waypoint you are going to in a leg is called the "active to" waypoint and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the "active from" waypoint. The line between the "active to" and the "active from" waypoint is called the "active leg." Whenever you activate a route, the GPS 126/128 will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the "active to" waypoint. 28 Route Definition Page REFERENCE Comment Field Route Number Route Definition Page Desired Track of Leg Leg Distance Copy Field Total Distance Function Prompts The bottom of the route definition page features `function' fields which let you copy, clear, invert, or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as storage routes, with route 0 always serving as the active route you are navigating. If you want to save a route that's currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another open route or it will be overwritten by the next route activation. Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and activated through the route definition page. To select the route definition page: 1. Highlight `ROUTES' from the Menu Page, and press F. Routes enable you to store and use groups of frequently used waypoints together. The `route number' field is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16-character `user comment' field to the right. If no user comment is entered, the field displays the first and last waypoint in the route. The waypoint list on the left side of the page accepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields for desired track and distance between legs. The total route distance is indicated below the waypoint list. Enter each waypoint in the order you would like to navigate the list. If you enter a waypoint not stored in memory, you'll need to define the position on the waypoint definition page. 29 REFERENCE Creating and Navigating Routes To create a route from the route definition page: 1. Highlight the `route number' field, and press F. 2. Using the U or D key select an empty route number and press F. 3. Press F to begin entry of a route comment. 4. Enter your comment, and press the F key. 5. Press F to begin entering the first waypoint of your route. 6. Press F again to move to the next waypoint field. As you continue entering waypoints, the list will automatically scroll down. Using Routes You may use up to 16 characters to custom name a route. The default name will be the first and last waypoint in the route. Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the "active to" waypoint. Activating and Inverting Routes After a route has been entered, it can be either activated in sequence or inverted from the route definition page. The process of activating or inverting a stored route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The storage route is then no longer needed and will be retained in its original format under its existing route number. This system allows you to have an active route that you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely new route from the original. You will have to copy the active route to an unused storage route to save it, since new route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0. To activate a route: 1. From the route definition page, highlight the `route number' field and press F. 2. Enter the route number to be activated, and press F. 3. Highlight `ACT?', and press F. To activate a route, highlight the `ACT?' prompt and press ENTER. To activate a route in inverted order: 1. Follow the steps above, but select `INV?', and press F. 30 Active Route Page Once a route has been activated, the active route page will display the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the active route page will become part of the main page sequence of the unit. The active route page will also allow you to change the `ete' field to display desired track (DTK) or estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear or invert the active route. To display DTK or ETA for each leg: 1. Highlight `ETE' or `DTK', and press F. 2. Select `DTK' or `ETA', and press F. REFERENCE Active Route, Copying, & Clearing The active route page also allows you to clear (stop navigating) or invert the active route without using the route definition page. To invert a route from the active route page: 1. Highlight `INVERT?', and press F. Active Route Page Whenever you have an active route, the active route page will appear in the main page sequence after the Compass or Highway Page. To stop route navigation: 1. Select `CLEAR?', and press F. Copying and Clearing Routes The route definition page is also used to copy a route to another route number. This feature is useful when you make changes to the active (or TracBack) route and want to save the route in its modified form for future use. To copy a route: 1. Highlight the `route number' field, and press F. 2. Select the route number to be copied, and press F. 3. Highlight the `copy to' field, and press F. 4. Scroll through the available routes and select a destination route number. (Only open routes will be available.) Press F to copy the route. To clear a route from memory: 1. Highlight the `route number' field, and press F. 2. Enter the route number, and press F. 3. Select `CLR?', and press F. 4. Highlight `Yes?', and press F. To copy a route, select an open storage route and press the ENTER key. If you select a route that is already used, you'll be alerted with a `Route Full' message. 31 REFERENCE Editing Routes A route can be edited anytime after its creation. Editing Routes & On-Route GOTO's To edit a route from the active route page or the route definition page: 1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and press F. An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear, with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, or changing the waypoint field highlighted. This field contains the following options: · Review?-- reviews the waypoint's definition page · Insert?-- adds a new waypoint that precedes the selected waypoint · Remove?-- deletes a selected waypoint · Change?-- replaces the selected waypoint with a new waypoint You may delete a waypoint from a route, but only if the route is not active. Note: Editing the original storage route will not affect route 0. If you want to save an edited version of route 0, save it to an open storage route. Use the on-screen menu to select the desired editing function. On-Route GOTO At the beginning of this section, we mentioned that the GPS 126/128 will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. This may mean that you are not navigating to the first waypoint in the active route. If you want to select a route waypoint with which to begin navigation or you prefer to navigate a route out of sequence, you can perform an `on-route GOTO' from the active route page. To perform an `on-route GOTO' from the active route page: 1. Highlight the desired route waypoint, and press G. To edit or review a route waypoint from the active route page, highlight the desired waypoint and press ENTER. 2. Once the GOTO waypoint page appears with the waypoint highlighted, press F. Note that after you reach the on-route GOTO waypoint, the GPS 126/128 will automatically resume navigating the rest of the route in sequence. 32 Using the Navigation Pages Once you've selected a GOTO destination or activated a TracBack, MOB, or Route, the GPS 126/128 will provide graphic steering guidance to the destination with one of two navigation pages: REFERENCE Navigation Pages Highway Page Compass Page To switch the navigation page to the Highway Page, press ENTER twice. ·The Highway Page (default) provides a graphic highway that shows your movement relative to the desired course, with an emphasis on your crosstrack error (the distance and direction you are off course). This page also features a course deviation indicator (CDI) (see pg. 35). The Highway Page is well-suited for water or off-road recreation where straight-line navigation is possible. ·The Compass Page provides a directional pointer to the destination, with a rotating compass display to show your direction of travel. The Compass Page provides better steering guidance at slow speeds with many changes in direction, where straight-line navigation is not possible. Both pages provide a digital display of the bearing and distance to the destination, and your current speed and track over the ground. You can switch to either Navigation Page at any time. To select either Navigation Page: 1. Press F from the existing Navigation Page, and F again to change the page. To switch the navigation page to the Compass Page, press ENTER twice. 33 REFERENCE Selecting a User-Defined Navigation Page (cont.) Navigation Pages User-Selectable Field User-Selectable Field The fields located in the lower corners of both pages are user-selectable fields that allow you to display a variety of navigation values for your trip. To access the user-selectable fields: Use the user-selectable fields to customize the navigation pages. 1. Highlight either field, and press F. 2. Use the keypad to scroll through the possible options. The turn option will show you the number of degrees you need to turn to head directly to your destination. The following data options are available from the Navigation Pages: Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)-- the time left to your destination based on your present speed and track. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)-- the time of day of your arrival at a destination, based on current ground speed and track. Course to Steer (CTS)-- the bearing which will give you the most efficient way to stay on course to your destination. Crosstrack Error (XTK)-- the distance you are off the desired course in either direction. This field will give you a digital representation of the CDI scale. Velocity Made Good (VMG)-- the speed you are traveling toward the destination. Turn (TRN)-- the amount of correction in degrees needed to travel directly to the destination. 34 Using the Highway Page Bearing to Waypoint Track Over Ground Destination Waypoint Graphic Highway Distance to Waypoint Speed Over Ground CDI Scale REFERENCE Highway Page Pointer User Selectable Fields The GPS 126/128's Highway Page provides graphic steering guidance to a destination waypoint, with a greater emphasis on the straight-line desired course and the distance and direction you are off course. The bearing and distance to a waypoint­along with your current track and speed­are displayed at the top of the screen. The middle of the screen provides visual guidance to your waypoint on a moving graphic "highway." Your present position is represented by the diamond in the center of the CDI scale. The line down the middle of the highway represents your desired track. As you navigate toward a waypoint, the highway will actually move--indicating the direction you're off course--relative to the position diamond on the CDI scale. When the highway is pointing straight up the screen, the waypoint is directly ahead. If the destination waypoint is to the left, the top of the highway will lead to the left, and vice versa. To stay on course, simply steer in the direction the highway leads (left or right) until the highway leads straight up the page. Below the graphic highway is the "pointer." The pointer shows the direction of the waypoint relative to the direction you are moving. Below the pointer are two user-selectable fields. If you do get off the desired course by more than 1/5th of the selected CDI range, the exact distance you are off course will be displayed where the CDI scale setting normally appears. If you get too far off course (the highway has disappeared), a message box will appear to indicate what course to steer to get back on course. (For information on setting this scale, see pg. 48.) When the distance reading reaches 0, you've reached your destination. In this example, the Highway Page indicates that you are off course to the left. Steer right to get back on course. Notice the highway always shows the direction to turn. If the highway leads straight up the page, you should continue in your current direction. If you get too far off course, a message box will appear to indicate what course to steer to get back on course most efficiently. 35 REFERENCE Using the Compass Page Bearing to Waypoint Track Over Ground Compass Ring UserSelectable Field Distance to Waypoint Speed Destination Waypoint Pointer to Waypoint User-Selectable Field Compass Pages In this example, the compass page indicates that you are traveling in a northerly (334 degrees) direction and the destination waypoint is north (358 degrees) of your current direction of travel. In this example, the compass page indicates that you are traveling in a northerly (020 degrees) direction and the destination waypoint is west (357 degrees) of your current direction of travel. The Compass Page provides better steering guidance for travel at slow speeds (e.g., walking) and for travel with many directional changes. At the top of the page, the bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the waypoint are displayed. The distance displayed is the straight-line distance from your present position to the destination waypoint. The bearing indicates the exact compass heading from you to the destination. Below the bearing and distance, track (TRK) and speed (SPD) are displayed. The track is your course over ground and the speed is your speed over ground. The middle of the page features a rotating "compass ring" that shows your course over ground while you are moving, with a pointer arrow to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow shows the direction of your destination waypoint, relative to the direction you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any direction (left, right, down, etc.), turn toward the arrow until it points up and then continue in that direction. The bottom of the page shows two user-selectable fields for ETE, ETA, CTS, XTK, VMG, or TRN. When you are one minute away from your destination (based on your current speed and track over ground), the GPS 126/128 will alert you with a flashing on-screen message box. 36 Map Page The GPS 126/128 features a powerful real-time moving map that does much more than just plot your course and route. The Map Page also provides you with a target cursor that will let you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to any map position, and mark new waypoints while you navigate. Bearing to Waypoint Distance to Waypoint REFERENCE Map Page Present Position Track Over Ground Speed Over Ground The map contains 12 selectable range scales from 0.2 to 320 miles (0.5 to 600 km). The scale represents the distance shown from the top of the screen to the bottom. Move from scale to scale by using the dedicated zoom keys (IN and OUT). Pressing IN decreases the scale and pressing OUT increases the scale. A diamond icon in the center of the page represents your present position, with your track and/or route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are shown with the corresponding name listed. You may select which items are shown through the map setup submenu page (see pages 40-41 for more information). The four corners of the Map Page are used to display various navigation data, including the bearing and distance to a destination waypoint and your current track and speed over the ground. The two fields at the top corners of the map show your bearing and distance to one of three selectable destinations: an active destination waypoint; a highlighted on-screen waypoint; or the panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to a waypoint or using the panning function, the top data fields will not be displayed. The bottom corners of the display always show your current track and speed. Note: A map scale represents the distance shown from the bottom to the top of the Map Page. For example, when viewing the 2 mile scale, the distance represented between the top and bottom of the screen is 2 miles. The four corners of the Map Page are used to show your course and speed and the distance to either a cursor or to a destination waypoint. 37 REFERENCE Zooming, Panning, and Pointing There are three main functions you can perform from the Map Page: zooming, panning, and pointing, Zooming is increasing or decreasing the display scale of the map. Panning is using a target crosshair and the arrow keypad to "slide" the map window in any direction, including diagonally, to view the surrounding area. Pointing is the act of highlighting a map position or waypoint on the map in order to create a new waypoint, review waypoint information, or GOTO a selected waypoint or map position. From the Map Page, you can also access the Map and Track Setup menus (see page 40). To select a zoom scale (even while panning): 1. Press I or H once for each level of increase or decrease desired. Zooming, Panning, & Pointing A crosshair will appear when you activate the pan function. The distance and direction of the crosshair from your current position will be shown in the upper corners of the Map Page. 2. Press and hold down either key to increase or decrease by more than one scale. To activate the pan function: 1. Press the arrow keypad in any direction.