Owner's Manual & Reference GOTO PAGE MARK QUIT ENTER G P S 4 5 GPS45 Personal Navigator TM GPS 45 Personal NavigatorTM OWNER'S MANUAL Introduction Foreword Software Version 2.20 or above © 1994 GARMIN INTERNATIONAL 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. April 1994 Part #190-00070-00 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan. i Introduction Cautions CAUTION The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 45 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use the GPS 45 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 45 to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation. NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. ii Introduction Preface Preface Welcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator on the water! The GPS 45 represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide mariners with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and user-friendly design you'll enjoy for years to come. To get the most of your new GPS unit, it is important that you take the time to read through this owner's manual to understand the operating features of the GPS 45. The manual is organized into two sections for your convenience: Section One introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 45. It has been designed to acquaint you with the unit and provide a basic working knowledge necessary to use the unit in typical conditions. Section Two provides a detailed reference to the advanced features and operations of the GPS 45 in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate on a specific topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that you may not need. Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 45. If you have any questions or comments regarding the use of the GPS 45, our Product Support staff is available to serve you at 1-800-800-1020 or 913-599-1515. You can also reach our Product Support staff by FAX at 913-599-2103. iii Introduction Capabilities GPS 45 Capabilities Designed for easy operation, the GARMIN GPS 45 offers powerful features that make marine navigation come alive in the palm of your hand: Precision Performance · MultiTrac8TM receiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites simultaneously for fast, accurate positioning · Differential-Ready-- just add the optional GBR 21 beacon receiver for under 10 meter accuracy · Waterproof, dry nitrogen-filled case for all-weather use · Up to 20 hours of battery life on 4 AA alkaline cells in battery saver mode Advanced Navigating and Plotting · 250 alphanumeric waypoints · List of 9 nearest waypoints · 20 reversible routes · MOB mode with bearing and distance to mark · Moving Map Plotting with scales to 1/5th statute mile · Graphic pages for Satellite Status, Position, Plotting and CDI Navigation · Active graphic display of cardinal heading Simple, One-Handed Operation · Efficient 2-speed thumbkey control · Weighs just 10 ounces with batteries iv Introduction Packing List Before getting started with your new GPS receiver, check to see that your GARMIN GPS 45 package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please see your dealer immediately. Standard Package: · GPS 45 Receiver with Removable Antenna · Carrying Case · GPS 45 Owner's Manual · 4 AA Batteries · Quick Reference Card · Warranty Registration Card Optional Accessories: · Swivel Mounting Bracket · Power/Data Cable · Remote Mount Marine Antenna · Low-Profile Automobile Antenna · Cigarette Lighter Adapter · PC Kit See your local GARMIN dealer for optional accessories. v Table of Contents Table of Contents SECTION ONE Getting Started GPS Overview .............................................................................................................2 Basic Definitions..........................................................................................................3 Power On/Status and Position ..................................................................................4-5 Marking a Position ......................................................................................................6 Moving Map Basics......................................................................................................7 GOTO and Steering Guidance..................................................................................8-9 Pages and Menus.......................................................................................................10 Time Offset and Power Off........................................................................................11 Keypad Usage/Operation Flowcharts....................................................................12-14 SECTION TWO Reference Satellite Status Page..............................................................................................15-16 Position Page Options ...............................................................................................17 Creating and Using Waypoints.............................................................................18-24 GOTOs and MOB Mode.......................................................................................25-26 Creating and Using Routes ...................................................................................27-32 Moving Map Plotting............................................................................................33-36 Menu Page and Auxiliary Functions .....................................................................37-46 Battery and Antenna Installation................................................................................47 Appendix A--Glossary ..............................................................................................48 Appendix B--Messages ........................................................................................49-50 Appendix C--Time Offset .........................................................................................51 Appendix D--Map Datums..................................................................................52-53 Appendix E--Maintenance and Specifications...........................................................54 Appendix F--Electrical Wiring and Installation ........................................................55 Appendix G--Mounting Bracket Installation........................................................56-57 Appendix H--Index.............................................................................................59-60 1 Introduction GPS Overview What is GPS? GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system developed by the U. S. Department of Defense to provide a consistent, accurate method of simplifying navigation. Originally designed for military applications, it also provides commercial and recreational users with 24-hour, worldwide navigation coverage with accuracy to 15 meters (49 feet). How Does GPS Work? GPS navigation uses satellite ranging to determine your position in relation to a set of satellites orbiting the earth. The GPS constellation is made up of 24 satellites, which continuously send radio signals containing precise position and time information for each satellite back to earth. By knowing the position of any 3 or 4 of these satellites and calculating various time differences between the transmitted signals, your GPS receiver can determine its present position anywhere on earth. And once you're under way, your GPS continuously updates your position and provides speed and track information. What are the Advantages of GPS Navigation? For centuries, mariners have been searching for an accurate method of travelling the world's waterways. From celestial navigating to loran and SatNav, each system has had its problems with weather, range and reliability. GPS takes navigation to a higher level by providing accurate position and course information, anywhere in the world, regardless of the weather or your proximity to land. The accuracy and coverage of GPS navigation can help make your boating safer, smarter and more efficient wherever you may travel. 2 Getting Started Basic Definitions The GPS 45 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Navigation is the process of traveling from one place to another and knowing where you are in relation to your desired course. Position is an exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system. Marine navigation is based on the latitude/longitude coordinate system. Meridians of longitude are a set of imaginary circles around the earth that pass through the north and south poles. Longitude describes position in terms of how many degrees it is east or west of the Prime Meridian (0º longitude). Parallels of latitude are another set of imaginary circles that are perpendicular to the earth's polar axis. Latitude describes position in terms of how many degrees it is north or south of the equator (0º latitude). A waypoint marks an exact position fix so it can be recalled for future use. The GPS 45 lets you mark waypoints electronically, without physical landmarks. Bearing is a compass direction to a particular destination (waypoint) from your present position. Track is a compass direction representing your course over ground. 3 Getting Started Power On The first time you power up your new GPS 45 is an important step in getting the best possible GPS performance. The receiver must be given an opportunity to collect satellite almanac data and establish its present position. This process can take 7 1/2-15 minutes, and is only necessary for first time operation or after memory loss. Take the GPS 45 outside and find a large, open area (try a nearby park) that has a clear view of the sky from horizon to horizon. Do your best to stay away from buildings or other structures that could block the path of signals to the receiver. Although GPS signals will travel through glass and canvas biminis, they do not travel through buildings, metal surfaces or other significant structures. Hold the receiver at a comfortable height, at arm's length from your body. If you prefer, find a steady surface to set the unit on while it acquires satellites. You're now ready to power up and discover the world of GARMIN GPS navigation. 1. Rotate the antenna so it's pointing up, perpendicular to the ground. 2. Press the B key firmly to turn the unit on. The Welcome Page will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Welcome Page will be replaced by the Status Page and the unit will begin acquiring satellite data. While the GPS 45 is acquiring satellite data, relax and browse through the rest of the Getting Started section of the manual. If you're new to GPS navigation, be sure to review the GPS Overview and Basic Navigation Terms on pages 2 and 3. Welcome Page To prevent accidental battery power loss, the GPS 45 will automatically shut off 15 minutes after the last keystroke if the unit is not tracking at least one satellite and has never acquired a position fix. 4 Getting Started The GPS 45's Status Page provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition and position. As the receiver locks onto satellites, a signal strength bar will appear for each satellite in view, with the appropriate satellite number (1-32) underneath each bar. Status Horizontal Accuracy Status & Position Battery Indicator Satellite Sky View Satellite Number Signal Strength Indicators The sa ...