Owner's Manual & Reference GPS 45XL Personal Navigator TM ® Software Version 3.0 or above © 1996 GARMINCorporation 1200 E. 151st Street, Olathe, KS USA 66062 GARMIN (Europe) LTD Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, U.K. SO51 9AQ All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. GARMIN, GPS 45XL, Personal Navigator, AutoLocateTM,TracBackTM, and MultiTrac8TM are all trademarks of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the expressed permission of GARMIN. October 1996 Part #190-00123-00 Rev. C Printed in Taiwan. Introduction GPS 45XL Personal NavigatorTM OWNER'S MANUAL Preface Welcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator for marine use! The GPS 45XL represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide mariners or boaters with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and user-friendly design you'll enjoy for years to come. To get the most from your new GPS unit, it is important that you take the time to read through the owner's manual to understand the operating features of the GPS 45XL. The manual is organized into three sections for your convenience: Section One takes you through step-by-step instructions to initialize the receiver for first time use. Section Two introduces you to the basic features of the unit and provides a quick-start orientation to the GPS 45XL. This section has been designed to acquaint you with the unit and provide a basic working knowledge necessary to use the unit in typical conditions. Section Three provides a detailed reference to the advanced features and operations of the GPS 45XL in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate on a specific topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that you may not need. Packing List Before getting started with your GPS receiver, check to see that your GARMIN GPS 45XL package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please contact your dealer immediately. Standard Package: · GPS 45XL Unit · Owner's Manual · 4 AA Batteries · Lanyard · Quick Reference Card · Carrying Case Thanks for choosing the GARMINGPS 45XL. We hope it will help you meet all of your marine navigation needs. i Introduction Cautions CAUTION The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 45XL is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted and therefore, become unsafe. Use the GPS 45XL at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 45XL to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation. NOTE: This device meets requirements for Part 15 of the FCC interference limits for Class B digital devices for home or office use. It has been tested for compliance with all necessary FCC standards. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualified service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device cannot cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. The GPS 45XL does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations. ii Introduction Table of Contents SECTION ONE Introduction GPS Definitions/Navigation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Initializing the Receiver/External & DGPS Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 SECTION TWO Getting Started Power On/Satellite Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Sky View/Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Marking a Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Position and Moving Map Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 GOTO and Steering Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-14 Page Sequence and Menu Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Clearing the Track Log/Power Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 SECTION THREE Reference Satellite Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17-19 Position Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Creating and Using Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21-27 GOTO and MOB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 TracBack Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29-30 Creating and Using Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31-36 Compass and Highway Page Steering Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37-39 Moving Map Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-43 Menu Page and Auxiliary Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-52 Simulator Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Appendix A--Messages/Time Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55 Appendix B--Map Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57 Appendix C--Specifications, Wiring, & Battery Replacement . . . . .58-59 Appendix D--Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Appendix E--Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-62 1 Introduction GPS Definitions The GPS 45XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual. Almanac Data Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG) The bearing from the `active from' position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTE) The distance you are off a desired course in either direction. Desired Track (DTK) The compass course between the `from' and `to' waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS) An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) The time left to your destination at your present speed. 2 Introduction GPS Definitions Grid Coordinate system that projects the earth on a flat surface, using square zones for position measurements. UTM/UPS and Maidenhead formats are grid systems. Ground Speed The velocity you are traveling relative to a ground position. Latitude The north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth's polar axis. Longitude An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime Meridian, an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles. Navigation The process of travelling from one place to another and knowing where you are in relation to your desired course. Position An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system. Track (TRK) The direction of movement relative to a ground position. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) A grid coordinate system that projects global sections onto a flat surface to measure position in specific zones. Velocity Made Good (VMG) The speed you are traveling in the direction of the destination. Waypoint A specific location saved in the receiver's memory. 3 Getting Started Navigation Basics The GPS 45XL provides steering guidance and navigation information using degrees, a measurement measured in a clockwise direction from a north reference. North is described as 000º, east as 090º, south as 180º, and west as 270º. The diagram and compass rose below provide a graphic illustration of the navigation terms used by the GPS 45XL. More information on basic navigation and GPS are available at your local library or bookstore. 4 Getting Started Initialization & Lanyard Attachment Getting Started with your GPS Welcome to the exciting world of GARMINGPS! The GPS 45XL represents GARMIN's continuing commitment to provide marine users with quality navigation information in a versatile, user-friendly design they will enjoy for years to come. To get the most out of your GPS receiver, be sure to read through the initialization and Getting-Started sections of this manual, and refer to the reference section for complete details on the GPS 45XL's advanced features. Initializing Your GPS for First-Time Use The GPS 45XL calculates your position and movement by tracking signals sent from GPS satellites. Each of the 24 GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit, and transmit information back to earth. In order to determine a position fix, your GPS 45XL needs to continuously "see" at least three satellites. Because a GPS receiver can only see satellites above the horizon, it needs to know what satellites to look for at any given time. By using an almanac (a timetable of satellite numbers and their orbits) stored in the receiver's memory, the GPS 45XL can determine the distance and position of any GPS satellite. To use this almanac data, your GPS receiver needs to know where you are, or be given the opportunity to "find itself". Once you initialize the unit to this position, the GPS 45XL will usually compute a fix within a few minutes. Remember, this process is only necessary under the following conditions: · First time use from the factory. · The receiver has been moved over 500 miles from the last calculated position with power off. · The receiver's memory has been cleared and all stored data has been lost. Next, take the solid end of the lanyard , insert it through the slot at the other end, and tighten. Lanyard Attachment To attach the GPS 45XL's lanyard, thread the strap through the D-ring on the battery compartment cover. 5 Getting Started Acquiring Satellites Acquiring Satellite Signals Because the GPS 45XL relies on satellite signals to provide you with navigation guidance, the receiver needs to have an unobstructed, clear view of the sky for best performance. What exactly does this mean? In a nutshell, the GPS receiver's view of the sky will generally determine how fast you get a position fix, or if you get a fix at all. GPS signals are relatively weak and do not travel through rocks, buildings, people, metal, and materials such as thick canvas, so you need to make sure that you're not near any of these structures or materials when acquiring satellites. Once the GPS 45XL has calculated a position fix, you'll usually have anywhere from four to eight satellites in view. The GPS 45XL will now continuously select the best satellites in view to update your position. If some of the satellites in view get blocked or "shaded" the receiver can simply use an alternate satellite to maintain the position fix. Although a GPS receiver needs four satellites to provide ...