User manual GARMIN GX 50 IFR

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written consent of Garmin AT, Inc. II Morrow, Garmin AT, Inc., and Apollo are trademarks of Garmin AT, Inc. © 2003 by Garmin AT, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. Garmin AT, Inc. Consumer Products Division 2345 Turner Road, S.E. Salem, OR 97302 U.S.A. Toll Free Canada Toll Free International FAX 800.525.6726 800.654.3415 503.391.3411 503.364.2138 Visit our web page at http://www.garminat.com Send comments about this manual by email to: techpubs@garminat.com Welcome ... Welcome to a new era of aviation navigation. Once again, Garmin AT, Inc. has set new standards in features and ease of use for the general aviation public. The Apollo GX-series of products are unequaled in providing the features, level of performance, and reliability that aviation users require. The Apollo GX-series sets a precedent that will be the standard to which all other avionics will be compared. The Apollo GX50 is a full-featured GPS receiver that is IFR-certified for non-precision approach. The GX55 GPS receiver is IFR-certified for en route operation and designed to slide into your existing Apollo Loran or Flybuddy GPS receiver mounting tube. The GX60 combines the features of the GX50 with a revolutionary comm radio. The GX65 has the comm features of the GX60, but is not IFR approach certified and does not have the approach features. You can be confident in knowing that you are the owner of the state-of-the-art in aviation navigation and communication. Our products are built to last and to satisfy your navigation needs. Read the Introduction and Getting Started sections of the User's Guide before you use your Apollo GX; these sections will give you the "rules of the road." You can then refer to the other sections as a reference for the power you have at your fingertips with the most comprehensive navigation equipment available. You will note that your User's Guide may be missing some sections. This guide serves the entire family of Apollo GX products, but will only include the sections that reflect the features available in the product that you purchased. If you have an interest in the features and operation of the other models, see the section on Ordering Information. i History of Revisions Revision Date P/N January 1998 June 1998 January 1999 March 1999 July 2001 November 2001 August 2003 Software Ver. 2.1 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 Manual 560-0961-00 560-0961-01 560-0961-01a 560-0961-02 560-0961-03 560-0961-03a 560-0961-03b Ordering Information To receive additional copies of the Apollo GX50/55/60/65 manuals order the following part numbers: User's Guide 560-0961-xx Approach User's Guide Insert 560-0928-xx GX60/65 Comm User's Guide Insert 560-0963-xx User's Guide Binder (1") 560-9000 User's Guide Binder (3/4") 560-9002 User's Guide Binder (1-1/4") 560-9008 User's Guide Binder (1-1/2") 560-9005 GX50/60/65 Installation Manual 560-0959-xx GX50/60/65 SW Ver 3.3 Installation Manual Upgrade Supplement 561-0275-xx A-33 Antenna Installation Guide 560-0949-xx GX55 Installation Manual 560-0960-xx GX50 Quick Reference 561-0238-xx GX55 Quick Reference 561-0237-xx GX60/65 Quick Reference 561-0236-xx GX65 User's Guide Insert 561-0256-xx GX60/65 Comm User's Guide Insert 561-xxxx-xx ii Important Notice The Global Positioning System (GPS) is operated by the United States Department of Defense which is solely responsible for the accuracy, daily operation, and maintenance of the satellite constellation. System accuracy is affected by the Department of Defense's Selective Availability (SA) and the Dilution of Precision (DOP) attributed to poor satellite geometry. Due to implementation of Selective Availability by the United States Department of Defense (DoD), all GPS receivers may suffer degradation of position accuracy. The DoD has stated that 95% of the time horizontal accuracy will not be degraded more than 100 m and 99.9% of the time accuracy will not be degraded more than 300 m. Installations of TSO C-129a authorized Apollo GX50/60's and TSO-C-129 authorized GX55's may be approved for supplemental navigation only. The Apollo GX50, GX55, or GX60 may be used as the primary navigation data display, however, other means of navigation appropriate to the intended route of flight must be installed and operational. It is not required that these other systems be monitored. FCC Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference during residential use. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: · · · · Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from the one the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Garmin AT, Inc. could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. Canadian Notice This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règiement sur le matériel brouiileur du Canada. iii Conventions The SMALL knob is the smaller, inner knob of the two concentric rotary knobs used to look at or change information on the display. When only the SMALL knob is shown next to an example, turn the SMALL knob. The LARGE knob is the larger, outer knob of the two concentric rotary knobs used to look at or change information on the display. The LARGE knob graphic shows both of the concentric knobs. Turn the LARGE, outer knob when this graphic is shown next to an example. ENTER Text in all caps and bold indicates the key to press. A graphic key on the side of the page refers to the key you should press for the given example. There are two types of keys: hard keys and smart keys. NAV A "hard" key is a permanent key on the right side of the front panel. The NAV key example shown here is a "hard" key. The "smart" keys are five small keys below the display. The key label is shown above the key on the display and may change depending on the function you are using. Press the key below the label to access the function. Text in a display example with an underline indicates the text will flash. In the example below, the field labeled "01:23" is underlined to indicate that it is flashing and ready for editing. The flashing characters on the display are changed by turning the SMALL knob. The GX55 is shown below as an example for Hard Keys Power Flashing field control locations. Large, Outer the Knob MSG GPS A POLLO GX55 OFF-ON ete SLE 01:23 1.006 " Brg 126 123nm MSG DB FPL SYS NAV MAP NRST D INFO ENTER SEL Smart Key Annunciator Smart Keys Small, Inner Knob iv Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Apollo GX Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 External Annunciators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Hard Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 "Smart" Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 Map Function Smart Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 Communications Radio Mode Smart Keys (GX60/65) . . . . . . . . . 1-8 Apollo GX Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Power On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Select a Waypoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Finding a waypoint by name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Sorting waypoints by selected characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Looking at all waypoints in a database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Duplicate Identifier, City, or Facility Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Waypoint Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Storing a Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Finding a Nearest Waypoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Flying Direct-To a Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Create a Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Activating a Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Using the Moving Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Navigation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 About the Navigation Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 About the Navigation Function Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Nav Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 Autonav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Relative Bearing Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Nav Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 Estimated Time En Route (Ete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Bearing (Brg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 v Table of Contents Range (Rge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) and Distance Off Track. 3-5 TO/FROM Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Desired Track (Dtk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Leg (FROM-TO) Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Track (Trk) Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Track Angle Error (Tae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Ground Speed (GS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 Minimum En Route Safe Altitude (MESA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 Flight Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Time UTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Nearest Waypoint & Airspace Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 Controlled Special Use Airspace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Altitude Assist (VNAV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 Parallel Track Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 GPS Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Countdown Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Arc Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 Waypoint Distance Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 Waypoint ETE Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 From-To-Next Waypoint ETA Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 From/To/Next Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 Creating FROM/TO/NEXT Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 Placing the TO Waypoint on Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30 Using Direct-To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31 Direct-To Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 Center the CDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32 Enter a New Waypoint into a Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33 Direct-To OBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35 Turn Anticipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Standard Turn Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36 Wind and Turn Anticipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37 GPSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37 Standard GPSS Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37 vi Table of Contents Approach GPSS Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 GPSS Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38 Tuned Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39 Tuning to a VOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39 Tuning to a Localizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40 Moving Map Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Full Screen Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Waypoint Type Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Waypoint List Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Waypoint Scan Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Map Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Map and Nav Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Map Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Route Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Map Orient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Map Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Identifier and Waypoint Type Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Track History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 Airspace Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Airspace Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 ATC Ring Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Airspace Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 Search and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 Search and Rescue Map Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 Grid Line Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 US Grid Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 Basic Grid Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Search and Rescue Map Setup Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Set the SAR Position (Basic Grid Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18 Selecting A Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 Parallel Line Search Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21 Creeping Line Search Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23 Expanding Square Search Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26 Mark A Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 Create A User Waypoint By US Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 vii Table of Contents Fly Direct To A US Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30 Create a User Waypoint By Basic Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-30 Fly Direct To A Basic Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 Setting Up A Search Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32 Waypoint Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Waypoint Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Available Waypoint Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Getting Information About A Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 Airport Info Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 Create User Waypoint by Lat/Lon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 Create User Waypoint by Radial/Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 Update User Wpt with Present Pos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Delete User Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 Modify User Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 Creating Waypoint Comments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14 Deleting Waypoint Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 Update User Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Datacard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 RNAV Waypoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16 Flight Plan Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Flight Plan Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Creating a Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 Flight Plan Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 Flight Plan Leg Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6 Manual Leg Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9 Flight Plan Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 Flight Plan Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Activate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14 Rev Activate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15 Reactivate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15 Rename. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15 Copy Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 Estimated Ground Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16 Clear Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 Reverse Flight Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 Estimated Fuel Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17 viii Delete Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 Holding Patterns (GX50/60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19 Continue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 Load Approach (GX50/60 Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22 Change Approach (GX50/60 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22 Unload Approach (GX50/60 Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22 Enable Approach (GX50/60 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23 Disable Approach (GX50/60 Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23 Destination Waypoint Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23 Flight Plan Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23 Saving an Active Flight Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24 System Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Navigation Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Autonav Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Navigation Mode Programmable and Autonav Pages. . . . . . 7-2 Customizing Navigation Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2 Selecting Autonav Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 Restoring Default Nav Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 Lat/Lon Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 Setting Units of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 Magnetic Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7 Flight Timer Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8 Direct-To Entry Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8 CDI Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11 Date and Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11 Software Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12 Fuel Measure Units (GX50/60 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13 Barometric Measure Units (GX50/60 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14 Test Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14 Display Brightness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14 Viewing Owner Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15 Editing Owner Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16 GPS Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17 Miscellaneous Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20 ix Table of Contents Encoding Altimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20 Air Data Info. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Air Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Air Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Altitude and Rate of Climb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Heading and Turn Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Wind Direction and Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22 Fuel Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22 Fuel Endurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22 Range, Burn Rate, and Fuel Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22 Right Engine Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 Left Engine Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 Total Fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23 Fuel Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24 Message Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 New Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 Old Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2 Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 Approach Basics (GX50/60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 En Route. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Approach Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 Approach Active. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 Approach Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 Waypoint Arrival Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 Approach Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5 En Route Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5 Load a Destination Airport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6 Load Approach Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7 Approach Transition Operation (Enabling Approach) . . . . . . . 9-8 Approach Active Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11 Missed Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13 Canceling An Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15 Repeating an Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16 Selecting a Different Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17 Direct-To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18 x Table of Contents Manually Selecting a Flight plan Leg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19 Flight Plan Waypoint Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20 Procedure Turns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21 Procedure Turn at FAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22 Holding Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24 DME Arcs (Arc Assist). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26 Vector to Final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27 Navigating to a DME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28 RAIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29 RAIM Nav Page (GX50/60 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33 Emergency (Alternate) Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35 Clear Waypoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35 Fly Direct-To a Nearest Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-36 Set New Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-36 Approach Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37 Approach Example 1 - Straight In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39 Approach Example 2 - Holding at IFAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44 Approach Example 3 - Missed Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51 Approach Example 4 - VOR Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-56 Manual Flight Plan Leg Selection Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-61 Approach Example 5 - DME Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-63 Approach Example 6 - Procedure Turn 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-66 Approach Example 7 - Procedure Turn 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-68 Using the LOC-DME Waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-69 Approach Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-77 Comm Radio Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 Power On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 Selecting Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2 Comm Mode Map Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3 Frequency Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3 Recalling a Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4 Nearest Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6 INFO Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6 Destination, TO, and FROM Frequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6 Auto Stored Frequencies (Auto) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6 xi Table of Contents User Stored Frequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7 Weather Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7 Emergency Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8 Intercom Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8 Stuck Mic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9 Com Radio System Information (GX60/65 Only) . . . . . . . . . . 10-9 RF Signal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10 Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10 Intercom Squelch Level Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10 Transmit Mic Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11 Intercom Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11 Sidetone Level Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12 Headphone Level Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12 Start Up Displays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Startup Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Quick Comm (GX60/65 Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Comm Radio Test (GX60/65) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Owner Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Memory Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Database Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5 Seed Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5 Entering a Seed Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5 IFR Output Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8 Checking GPS Signal Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11 Flight Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 About the Flight Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1 Removing and Replacing the Apollo GX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2 Starting the Flight Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3 Flight Simulator Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1 Contacting the Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1 To Ensure Trouble Free Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2 Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2 If You Have A Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2 GPS Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1 xii Introduction Introduction This guide describes the operation of the Apollo GX line of products. The GX50 and GX55 are GPS receivers. The GX60/65 models combine the GPS receiver with a VHF comm radio in a single package. Apollo GX Features The Apollo GX products are high performance GPS products with a high resolution moving map display configured in a 2 inch high by 6.25 inch wide standard package. The Apollo GX's use a powerful, accurate 8-channel GPS engine designed specifically for high performance aviation use. The 160 by 80 pixel electroluminescent display uses an automatic intensity control to keep it easily readable in all conditions from direct sunlight to the dark of night. Photocell Information Display Navigation Mode Nearest Waypoint Info Mode Select Power Large, Outer Knob OFF-ON GPS A POLLO GX55 ete SLE 01:23 1.006 " Brg DB FPL 123nm 126 SYS MSG NAV MAP NRST D INFO ENTER SEL Datacard Ejector Smart Key Annunciator Smart Keys Datacard Slot Map Mode Direct To Enter Small, Inner Knob Apollo GX Front Panel Description A wealth of easy to use features serve the needs of today's demanding aviation requirements. The large waypoint database has information about airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, and special use airspaces that makes the Apollo GX an encyclopedia of aviation. It's what you'd expect from II Morrow, the first to provide a database in a general aviation navigation aid. The database can be updated by simply changing the removable data card in the front of the unit. The database can also include 500 custom waypoints created by the user. Thirty flight plans can 1-1 Introduction flight plans can be saved with up to twenty legs for setting up custom tailored routes. The detailed Navigation information displays are also customizable and can be set to automatically scroll through the desired information. The Nearest/Emergency Search feature, invented by II Morrow (Garmin AT), makes it easy to react to an emergency or change your active flight plan. GX55 The GX55 is designed to be simple slide-in, pin-compatible replacement for panel-mounted Apollo Loran and Flybuddy GPS receivers. The GX55 connectors and antenna footprint are the same as the Apollo Loran and Flybuddy GPS receivers. The GX55 is TSO-C129 Class A2 authorized for IFR en route and terminal operation. GX50 The Apollo GX50 GPS receiver possesses all of the performance features of the GX55, plus more. The GX50 is TSO-C129a Class A1/JTSO-C129a Class A1 authorized for IFR non-precision approach operation. The GX50 uses the same tray size, but different connections on the back to allow for approach capabilities. GX60 The Apollo GX60 combines the physical package of the GX50 GPS receiver with a revolutionary VHF Comm transceiver. All of this without the requirement for external cooling. GX65 The Apollo GX65 possesses the same features as the GX60, except it is not certified for IFR approaches and has TSO-C129a Class A2/JTSO-C129a Class A2. Display The display is a 160 by 80 pixel electroluminescent graphic display. A photocell is located in the top left corner of the front panel display. The photocell automatically controls the light intensity of the display from low brightness at night to high brightness during daylight operation. 1-2 Introduction External Annunciators When external indicators are installed, the Apollo GX will also provide an external indication when Parallel Track (PTK) is activated or a Message (MSG) is received. The GX50/60 also have external annunciator controls for OBS/Hold and Approach Active. "Hold" refers to suspending waypoint sequencing. Controls The Apollo GX uses a variety of controls to manage the features. The controls include a power knob, dual-concentric knobs (called LARGE and SMALL), hard keys, and "smart" keys. Power Knob The knob on the top right side of the Apollo GX controls power on/off. Rotate the knob clockwise (CW) past the detent to turn the power on. Rotate the knob fully counterclockwise to turn the power off. Full rotation and the push-pull capabilities are only used in the GX60/65. Power/Volume/Squelch Knob(GX60/65) The knob on the right side of the GX60/65 controls power on/off, volume, and squelch test. Rotate the knob clockwise (CW) past the detent to turn the power on. Continue rotating the knob to the right to increase speaker and headphone amplifier volume level. Rotate the knob to the left to reduce the volume level. Pull the knob out to disable automatic squelch. SMALL and LARGE Knobs The dual concentric knobs on the right side of the front panel are used to select pages, edit characters and values, or other options. The LARGE knob moves the cursor and the SMALL knob changes characters. Either may change pages depending on the function. 1-3 Introduction Keys There are two types of keys that allow you access to the functions in your Apollo GX: permanent "hard" keys and displayed "smart" keys. Seven back lighted permanent keys are used to reach the functions or perform other operations of the Apollo GX. The "smart" key labels are shown on the bottom of the display. There are two categories of "smart" keys: those available for the Map function and those available at all other times. Press the key below the label to use the displayed function. Press a function key once to go to the last page viewed or twice to go to its "home" page. The "Hard" keys are the easy-touch, black, rounded keys with white lettering on the right side of the display. These keys include, NAV, NRST, INFO, SEL, MAP, Direct-To, and ENTER. Hard Keys NAV MAP NRST D INFO ENTER SEL NAV NAV (Navigation) Press the NAV key to reach the navigation functions. Press twice to go to the "top" page. NRST (Nearest Waypoint) The Nearest Waypoint (Emergency) mode displays the closest waypoints to your position. INFO (Information) The Info function accesses supplementary information about a waypoint. Press INFO a second time to return to the previous display. SEL (Select) The SELECT key activates editing or the selection of options. Editing is active on the items that flash on the display. Press SEL a second time to deactivate selection. NRST INFO SEL 1-4 Introduction MAP MAP (Graphic Moving Map) The Map key starts the Moving Map function. The entire display is used as a graphic map display. DIRECT-TO The DIRECT-TO key is used to define a direct course from your present position to a waypoint. Press once to select a waypoint. Press twice to enter an OBS desired track To or From the current active waypoint. ENTER The ENTER key enters and saves the information flashing on the display. If the ENTER key is not pressed after editing, any changes made are not saved. In the GX60/65, the ENTER key flip/flops the Active and Standby frequencies. D ENTER "Smart" Keys The Apollo GX uses "smart" keys to provide custom controls for specialized functions. Five small unlabeled keys are located below the display. The labels appear on the display and can change to give extra controls for the active function, such as in the MAP function. You can always press the NAV key to go back to the Navigation function and view the normal "smart" keys. MSG (Message) Press the MSG key to reach the Message functions. The MSG annunciator will flash when a new message is provided. Press the MSG key a second time to return to the previous display after all new messages have been viewed. The MSG key will remain highlighted when a message remains. DB (Database) The Database key provides access to the waypoint database. FPL (Flight Plan) The Flight Plan key takes you to the flight planning function where you can create, edit, and control your flight plans. 1-5 MSG DB FPL Introduction SYS SYS (System Mode) Press the SYS key to reach the System mode functions. System mode is used to make system level adjustments and modify Nav function displays. SKIP (Start-Up Option) Press the SKIP key during the start-up procedure to bypass the start-up tests. This is for emergencies as the IFR tests must be completed to allow IFR flight. The Moving Map function uses several "smart" keys to allow you to declutter the map, find waypoint information, and setup your map information. Map Waypoint Keys APT, VOR, INT, NDB, & USR SKIP Map Function Smart Keys APT VOR INT NDB USR The map waypoint "smart" keys are present when the Moving Map pages are displayed. Press the "smart" key to control the display of the waypoint type. There are three selections possible: waypoint identifier and location symbol, location symbol only, and off. Pressing the "smart" key subsequent times will control which selection is made. Map waypoint choices are: Airport (APT), VOR, NDB, Intersection (INT), and User (USR). A solid, reversed waypoint type annunciator above the "smart" key means the waypoint identifier and location symbol will both be displayed. A bold outline of the waypoint type annunciator will show only a symbol on the waypoint location. A thin outline around the waypoint type means that it is turned off and no information for that waypoint type will be displayed on the map. Waypoint LIST Key Each press of this key scrolls through the available "smart" keys. APT APT NDB 2 1-6 Introduction SCAN Waypoint SCAN Key When the SCAN key is active (highlighted) in the Moving Map display, turning the LARGE knob will move between the nearest airports. You can then press INFO to view information about that airport. In an emergency press DIRECT-TO and ENTER to fly direct to the highlighted airport. Press the SCAN key again to return the LARGE knob to normal operation. Map Setup Keys The Map Setup page displays three "smart" keys that provide a short cut for customizing your moving map. Route Line:On Map Orient:DTK Map ref:Plane· RTE Route Line ORI REF Map Reference Map Orientation RTE The Route Line "smart" key toggles between On and Off. See page 4-4 for more details. The Map Orientation "smart" key toggles between Desired Track (DTK), Track, and North. See page 4-5 for more details. The Map Reference "smart" key toggles between Plane and Destination (Dest) as the moving map center point. See page 4-6 for more details. ORI REF 1-7 Introduction Communicat ions Radio Mode Smart Keys (GX60/65) The Recall (RCL), Monitor (MON), Memorize (MEM), and FLIP/FLOP (<->) keys are available in the GX60/65 after the COM soft key has been pressed. COM (GX60/65) Press the COM key to operate the Communications radio functions. Flip/Flop (GX60/65) Press the FLIP/FLOP key to switch between the active (left-most) and standby (right-most) frequency while in the Com function. You may use an optional external FLIP/FLOP key for the same operation as the front panel control. Switching between frequencies is disabled while you are transmitting or editing in any function. RCL (Recall) (GX60/65) Press the RCL key to recall frequencies stored in the database. MON (Monitor) (GX60/65) Press the MON key to listen to the Standby frequency. When the Active frequency receives a signal, the GX60 will automatically switch to the Active frequency. MEM (Memorize) (GX60/65) Press the MEM key to store the current Standby frequency. XIT (Exit) (GX60/65) The XIT key will appear on the far left of the display, in the MSG key position, if the COM key has been pressed to allow use of the radio during startup testing. Press the XIT key to return to the start-up sequence, or wait for test completion. The XIT key will disappear when testing is complete. COM <> RCL MON MEM XIT 1-8 Apollo GX Features Apollo GX Features Navigation Features 30 Reversible Flight Plans of up to 20 Legs with Automatic Sequencing 500 User-Defined Waypoints Nav Displays Lat/Lon Bearing and Distance Ground Speed and Track Angle Desired Track and Distance Internal CDI Display 160 pixel wide by 80 pixel high electroluminescent display with moving map Automatic Display Intensity Control User-Selectable Nav Displays User-Definable Distance and Speed Settings: nm and km (distance) knots Clock and Countdown Timer Auto/Manual Magnetic Variation Settings Direct-To Nav Function Parallel Track Nearest Waypoint Search Internal Database of Airports, VORs, NDBs, Intersections, Frequencies, Airport Info, and controlled and special use airspace GPS Receiver Performance Specifications 8-Channel Parallel GPS Receiver Frequency 1575.42 MHz L1, C/A code Sensitivity (acquisition) -135 dBm Sensitivity (drop lock) -142 dBm Dynamic range > 20 dB Lat/Lon position accuracy 15 meters RMS accuracy 25 meters, SEP, without SA 100 meters 2 DRMS with SA Velocity 999 knots maximum Acceleration 4G maximum TTFF (time to first fix) 25 sec. typ. with current almanac, position, time, and ephemeris 55 seconds typical with current almanac, position, & time Reacquisition 2.5 seconds typical Position update interval 1 second typical Datum WGS-84 1-9 Apollo GX Features Electrical Input voltage 10 VDC to 40 VDC, reverse polarity protected Input current (GPS navigation input) 500 mA typical, 750 mA max at 13.75 VDC 250 mA typical, 375 mA max at 27.5 VDC Input current (comm input - GX60/65 only) 270 mA typical, 2A max at 13.75 VDC, receive 130 mA typical, 900 mA max at 27.5 VDC, receive 2.1A typical, 3.2A max at 13.75, transmit 1.0A typical, 1.4A max at 27.5 VDC, transmit Input power (GPS navigation input) 7 watts typical Input power (comm input - GX60/65 only) 3.7 watts typical, receive 28 watts typical, transmit GX50 and GX60/65 Avionics Outputs CDI L/R deviation ±150 mv full scale TO/OFF/FROM flag ±250 mv, TO/FROM indication Nav valid flag +300 mv for valid indication Nav superflag 400 ma source VDI up/down ±150 mv VDI valid flag +300 mv VDI superflag 400 ma source Annunciators MSG (message) PTK (parallel track) OBS/HLD (waypoint sequencing hold) GX50/60 only APPRCH (approach enabled)GX50/60 only ACTIVE (approach active) GX50/60 only GX55 Avionics Outputs CDI L/R deviation TO/OFF/FROM flag Nav valid flag Annunciators MSG (message) PTK (parallel track) ±150 mv full scale ±250 mv, TO/FROM indication +300 mv for valid indication Avionics Inputs Serial Frequency flip/flop (GX60/65 only) Waypoint Sequence (GX50/60 only) 1-10 Apollo GX Features Serial Interface 2 RS-232 for GX50/60/65 1 RS-232 for GX55 Physical Specifications Height: 2.0 inches (5.08 cm) Width: 6.25 inches (15.88 cm) Depth: 11.125 inches (28.26 cm) behind panel, including mounting frame and connectors Weight (with mounting frame): GX50 and GX55 - 2.6 pounds (1.179 kg) GX60/65 - 3.1 pounds (1.409 kg) Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Storage temperature Temperature variation Humidity cycle) Maximum altitude Cooling -20ºC to +55ºC -55ºC to +85ºC 2ºC per minute 95% at 50ºC for 6 hrs (2 day 55,000 feet Not required VHF Comm Features (GX60/65) 760 channels Frequency range of 118.000 to 136.975 MHz Active and standby frequency display Transmit status indicator Stuck mic time-out Frequency monitor function - listen to Standby frequency while monitoring Active frequency for any activity Weather channels - National Weather Service channels (not available in all databases) Built-in intercom function Frequency memory and recall functions from navigation data base ten last used ten user stored Two microphone inputs 12 watt audio amplifier 1-11 Apollo GX Features VHF Comm Receiver Performance Specifications (GX60/65) Class D Frequency range - 118.000 to 136.975 MHz, 760 channels Sensitivity 1 microvolt (2 microvolt hard) for 6 dB S+N/N 30% modulation at 1000 Hz Selectivity <6 dB variation at ±22 kHz Speaker audio output level 12 watts into 4 ohms, 8 watts into 8 ohms Headphone audio output level 280 mW into 100 ohms, 120 mW into 500 ohms Distortion - <5% at rated output at 1000 Hz AGC characteristics <3dB variation in audio output from 5 to 100 mV input, 15% to 90% modulation Squelch control - Automatic with manual override VHF Comm Transceiver Performance Specifications (GX60/65) Class 4 Output Power 8 watts minimum carrier at > 12 VDC 6 watts minimum at 10 VDC (transmit is locked out below 9 VDC input) Modulation capability 85% with 100 mv to 1000 mv rms microphone input at 1000 Hz Duty cycle 100% Stuck mic time out 35 second time-out, reverts to receive TSO/JTSO Authorizations GX50 TSO-C129a Class A1/JTSO-C129a Class A1 GX55 TSO-C129 Class A2 GX60 TSO-C129a Class A1/JTSO-C129a Class A1 TSO- C128/JTSO-2C128 TSO-C37d/JTSO-2C37e Class 4 TSO-C38d/JTSO-C38e Class D GX65 TSO-C129a Class A2/JTSO-C129a Class A2 TSO-C128/JTSO-2C128 TSO-C37d/JTSO-2C37e Class 4 TSO-C38d/JTSO-C38e Class D Features and specifications subject to change without notice. 1-12 Getting Started Getting Started This section explains how to get started using your Apollo GX. Information in this section explains how to: · Select a waypoint · Store waypoints · Find a Nearest Waypoint · Fly Direct-To a waypoint · Create a flight plan · Activate a flight plan · Use the Moving Map It is necessary to enter a seed position and the current time the first time you turn the unit on. This should have been done when your unit was installed. So, you won't have to set it again unless the unit has been moved several hundred miles with the power off. Power On Turn the Power knob clockwise to switch the unit on. The startup screen, testing, position, and database information shows on the display for several seconds and then will go into the Navigation function. You can search for a waypoint character by character, sort through the database by selecting the first few characters of the identifier to simplify the search, or look at every waypoint in order. You can search for waypoints by identifier or the city/facility name. Finding a waypoint by name 1. Press the DB smart key. Turn the LARGE knob to display the Access Database page. Press ENTER. Access Database Select a Waypoint DB ENTER Press ENTER 2-1 Getting Started 2. The Waypoint Type will flash. Turn the SMALL knob to choose the Waypoint Type (Airport, VOR, NDB, INT, or USER). AIRPORT HIO PORTLAND city OR USA 3. Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor (flashing character) to either the identifier or the city/facility name. Turn the SMALL knob to change the flashing character and show waypoints starting with that character. AIRPORT HIO PORTLAND city OR USA 4. Press INFO to look at information about that waypoint or press DIRECT-TO and then ENTER to fly directly to it. Sorting waypoints by selected characters 1. Press the DB smart key. Turn the LARGE knob to display the Access Database page. Press ENTER. ENTER DB 2. The Waypoint Type will flash. Turn the SMALL knob to choose the Waypoint Type (Airport, VOR, NDB, INT, or USER). Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor (flashing character) to the identifier or city/facility name. Turn the SMALL knob to change the flashing character and show waypoints starting with that character. In this example, turn the SMALL knob to show a "K." AIRPORT KADOKA city 5VD SD USA 2-2 Getting Started 3. In this case we'll keep the "A" as the second character. Turn the LARGE knob to the third character and then turn the SMALL knob to select an "L." AIRPORT 09C KALAMAZOO city dup MI USA 4. Now, press the SEL key. Note that the entire name "KALAMAZOO" flashes. AIRPORT 09C KALAMAZOO city dup MI USA 5. Turning the SMALL knob will allow you to choose from all of the waypoints that start with "KAL." Turn the SMALL knob both cw and ccw to check the waypoints. AIRPORT FCA KALISPELL city dup MT USA DB SEL Looking at all waypoints in a database 1. Press the DB smart key. Turn the LARGE knob to display the Access Database page. Press ENTER. ENTER 2. The Waypoint Type will flash. Turn the SMALL knob to choose the Waypoint Type (Airport, VOR, NDB, INT, or USER). Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor (flashing character) to the Identifier of city/facility name. SEL 3. Press SEL. The entire name will flash. Turn the SMALL knob to view all of the waypoints in the selected database starting with the displayed first character of the name. 2-3 Getting Started Duplicate Identifier, City, or Facility Names While performing Waypoint Identifier selection, you may see the word "dup" on the bottom line. This means that there is more than one waypoint for the displayed city or facility name. The same technique described above can be used to search for duplicate city and facility names. 1. While viewing the waypoint database page, turn the LARGE knob to the identifier or facility name field. SEL INFO 2. Press SEL to activate the whole field. Turn the SMALL knob to view the duplicates. 3. If the information is still duplicated, press INFO and turn the SMALL knob to view information about the waypoint. The GX-series contains a wealth of information in its database. Pressing the INFO key will access the information about the destination (TO), or displayed, waypoint. 1. Press INFO to view information about the TO waypoint. HIO AIRPORT PORTLAND city OR USA 2. Turn the SMALL knob to view the available information about the TO waypoint. See page 3 for more details about waypoint information. HIO ATIS 127.65 UNIC 123.00 TWR 119.30 Waypoint Information INFO HIO 12 /30 6600ft Hard ILS Lighted INFO 2-4 3. Press INFO again to return to the previous display. Getting Started Storing a Waypoint Your Apollo GX can store up to 500 user-defined waypoints in the USER database. The waypoint can be created by providing a Lat/Lon position or by a Radial and Distance from a reference waypoint. Then, you can give your waypoint a name and even include a runway length. You can use up to six characters with upper case letters, numbers, or a space for the name. You can also enter a runway length from 0 to 9999 ft. You are not allowed to use a USER waypoint as the Radial and Distance reference waypoint. This example will create a Lat/Lon-based USER waypoint. For more details on waypoints, see the Waypoint Database section on page 5-1. 1. Press DB. Turn the LARGE knob to the Create User Wpt page. Then, press ENTER. Create User Wpt by Lat/Lon Press ENTER 2. The pound sign (#) will flash in front of the next number available for your USER waypoint. You can press ENTER now to save your present position with the displayed name or you can use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to change the information. #001 USER 43°13.21N Rwlen 122°54.89W 000' DB ENTER ENTER 2-5 Getting Started Finding a Nearest Waypoint When you press the NRST key, your Apollo GX will search for the nearest 20 waypoints within 600 nm for each waypoint type. You can also be selective about the runway length, lighting, and surface type. See Setting Runway Limits on page 3-12. 1. Press the NRST key. The Nearest Waypoint function is displayed with the distance and bearing from your present position to the indicated waypoint. Near 1 to PPos SLE AIRPORT Brg 352°½ 5.4nm 2. Turn the LARGE knob to view the different waypoint types. Near 1 to PPos UBG VOR Brg 344°½ 26.6nm 3. Turn the SMALL knob to view the 20 nearest waypoints. Near 2 to PPos CVO VOR Brg 189°² 27.5nm 4. To quickly navigate to a Nearest Waypoint, press DIRECT-TO and then ENTER. Note NRST D ENTER The last viewed Nearest Waypoint will be the waypoint shown the next time you want to insert a waypoint. For instance, if you press NRST and look at PDX, the next time you want to insert a waypoint into a flight plan, PDX will show first. 2-6 Getting Started Flying Direct-To a Waypoint Pressing DIRECT-TO allows you to quickly make changes to your TO waypoint. When you press DIRECT-TO, the default waypoint shown will be the current TO waypoint in the Nav or Flight Plan functions or the waypoint displayed in the Database or Info functions. See page 3-31 for more details. 1. Press the DIRECT-TO key. The display will go directly into the Waypoint Database and the waypoint type will flash. VOR SALEM CITY CVO OR USA D 2. Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs with one of the Waypoint Selection techniques described on page 2-1 to choose a waypoint. 3. After selecting the desired waypoint, press ENTER. Your Apollo GX will now switch to the Navigation function and show information based on a direct route from your present position to the Direct-To destination waypoint. ete aHIO 00:12 " 0.002 Brg 346 35.2nm· Note ENTER See Direct-To Entry Options on page 7-8 in the System Functions chapter for details. When the option is set to "May Clear," your active flight plan is deleted when you use Direct-To for flying to a new destination. If your new Direct-To waypoint is in the active flight plan, the flight plan is not deleted. When the option is set to "Never Clears," the Direct-To waypoint is inserted into your active flight plan before the current TO waypoint. "May Clear" is the default setting. 2-7 Getting Started Create a Flight Plan You can create up to 30 flight plans with up to 20 legs each. A flight plan name can have up to eight characters using upper case letters, numbers, or a space. 1. Press FPL. Turn the LARGE knob to reach the Create a New Flight Plan page. Then, press SEL. Press SEL to Create a New Flight Plan 2. The Plan Name page will appear and the first space will flash. The underlined spaces will disappear after you name the flight plan. Use the LARGE knob to move the cursor. Use the SMALL knob to select characters. ________ Enter a New Plan Name 3. After naming your flight plan, press ENTER. You will now have the choice of inserting waypoints into the flight plan or performing other options. Turn the SMALL knob to start inserting waypoints. This example will cover inserting waypoint. Note FPL SEL ENTER You may also press SEL for options, such as Rename Plan, Copy Plan, Estimated Ground Speed, Estimated Fuel Flow, or Delete Plan. See page 6-14 for more details on the flight plan options. Turn Small Knob to Ins Wpts or SEL for Options 2-8 Getting Started SEL 5. The first flight plan leg page will be displayed. Press SEL to start inserting waypoints. ______ to ______ 1 Press SEL to Edit Leg 6. The Ins? prompt will flash. Press ENTER. This will take you to the waypoint database. Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs as described in the Select Waypoint section starting on page 2-1. Press ENTER after selecting a waypoint. Ins? to ______ 1 ___° __._nm ___ ____ 7. The identifier will be entered and the TO waypoint position for the first flight plan leg will have a flashing "Ins?" prompt. Continue entering waypoints into your flight plan. Press SEL to quit inserting waypoints. SLE to Ins? 1 ___° __._nm ___ ____ ENTER SEL Activating a Select a flight plan from your stored plans. Activating Flight Plan a flight plan copies it into the Active page. 1. Press FPL. Turn the LARGE knob to the desired flight plan. SEL 2. Press SEL. The bottom line of the flight plan display will flash. Turn the SMALL knob to choose "Activate?". 2-9 Getting Started Using the Moving Map The Moving Map gives you a graphic presentation of your flight progress. You can select the type of waypoint displayed, a route line, ATC ring, airspace setup, type of airspace displayed, and map orientation. See the Moving Map section on page 4-1 for more details. Viewing the Moving Map 1. Press MAP. Turn the LARGE knob to view the map and nav information, full screen map, and map setup displays. 2. While viewing the map, turn the SMALL knob to change the map scale. Special Use Airspace Distance to the TO Waypoint TO Waypoint Identifier Ground Speed MAP Route Line t aPDX o 44.2 123 nm kt trk 30 Bearing to the TO Waypoint Current Track Map Scale Your Present Position Cross Track Error Distance & Direction 005½ 006 brg 0.01> MAP Setting Up the Moving Map 1. Press MAP. Turn the LARGE knob to the Map Setup page. Note the diamond (·) in the lower right corner of the display. This diamond means there are more pages for a function. Turn the SMALL knob to view the other Map Setup pages. Route Line:Off Map Orient:Track Map Ref:Plane · SEL 2. Change the displayed values by pressing SEL, turning the LARGE knob so the desired item flashes, turning the SMALL knob to change the item, and then press ENTER. ENTER 2-10 Navigation (NAV) Waypoint Information (INFO) Moving Map (MAP) Press MAP Press INFO Nearest Waypoint (NRST) Map plus Nav & Comm Info Map plus Nav Info Map Only Search & Rescue Map Map Setup Press NAV Press NRST ETE & BRG Ident, Type, & Name Radial & Dist Bearing & Dist Map Frequencies Approaches Lat/Lon Sunrise/Sunset WPT Comment Airport (ARPT) RAIM Prediction VOR Turn LARGE Knob LocDME Countdown Timer User WPT Turn LARGE Knob GPS Position Turn LARGE Knob Parallel Track (PTK) INT Turn LARGE Knob Altitude Assist NDB Route Line, Map Orient, & Map Reference Symbol & ID Setup Track History Airspace Setup Airspace Buffers ATC Rings Airspace Types (B, C, MOA, Training, Unknown, Alert, Caution, Danger, Restricted, Prohibited, & Warning) Search & Rescue Setup* SAR Position* *when enabled Arc Assist Search Around WPT To/Next Wpt (Distance) Runway Limits SUA To/Next Wpt (ETA) From/To/Next Waypoint Tuned Station * * when configured Select (SEL) Getting Started Enter (ENTER) Direct-To (D ) Press the indicated button and then turn the LARGE Press SEL to edit information or to select options. knob to view the pages shown. Turn the SMALL knob Press ENTER to enter and save information. In the Comm function, ENTER saves the Standby frequency. for further info when available Press Direct-To to define a direct course from your (diamond shown). present position to a selected waypoint. Turn SMALL Knob To/Next Wpt (ETE) 2-11 Turn LARGE Knob Turn SMALL Knob Turn LARGE Knob Turn LARGE Knob Turn SMALL Knob Mag Var Baro Units Turn LARGE Knob Turn LARGE Knob Turn LARGE Knob Turn LARGE Knob Turn LARGE Knob 2-12 Database (DB) Press DB Press COM Press FPL Messages (MSG) Flight Plan (FPL) Comm Radio (COM) Press MSG New Create WPT by Lat/Lon Turn SMALL Knob to change kHz Press <-> to toggle Active & Standby Press MON to monitor Standby Press MEM to memorize Standby Press RCL to recall stored frequencies Turn the LARGE Knob to view frequency types Turn the SMALL Knob to view frequencies for selected type Create WPT by Radial/Dis Update User WPT Create WPT by Grid Delete User WPT Modify User WPT Delete WPT Comment Access Database Create New FPL FPL #1 . . . FPL #30 Active FPL Turn LARGE Knob to change MHz Getting Started New Msg 1 . . . New Msg n Old Old Msg 1 . . . Old Msg n System (SYS) Press SYS. Turn LARGE Knob, then press ENTER. Nav Info Healthy & Visible Satellites Satellites Used for Fix Satellite Search Status GPS Date & Time GPS Normal Reset System Info GPS Sensor Misc Sensors Encoding Altimeter Air Data Info Fuel Info Comm Info RF Signal Level Noise Level Intercom Squelch Mic1 Intercom Squelch Mic2 Transmit Intercom Level Sidetone Level Headphone Level Autonav Time Date/Time Lat/Lon Units Model, SW Ver, S/N Program Nav Pages Fuel Units Flight Timer Trigger Test Display Direct-To Display Brightness CDI Scaling Owner Name Navigation Basics Navigation Basics This section explores the navigation function and describes the powerful features it contains. About the The navigation function is always active. When you Navigation use other functions, the navigation function continues Function to run "in the background" calculating your present position, navigating your programmed route (if active), and alerting you to events or conditions important to navigation. When you finish using other functions and return to the navigation function, the last navigation display used is shown. About the While you navigate, the Apollo GX gives you Navigation information in the Navigation function displays. The Function navigation information displays and sequencing rate Displays are user-programmable. See the Nav info section of the System Functions chapter (see page 7-1) for your options. The LARGE knob will select the higher level Nav functions: Nav pages, Parallel Track Offset, GPS Position, Countdown Timer, and the FROM/TO/NEXT Waypoints. The SMALL knob will look at the pages available for each function; a diamond (·) will be shown on the lower, right side of the display if more pages are available. The Nav Home Page is a default page that is the first page available in the Navigation function. The Nav Home Page is not customizable. The information in the Home Page shows the Destination Waypoint identifier, Estimated Time En Route, CDI, Bearing, and Range (distance) to the destination waypoint. Ete aEUG 00:22 1.10 "¼¸ Brg 082½ 74nmY Nav Home Page Turn the SMALL knob to view the other available Navigation displays. 3-1 Navigation Basics TAE = Difference between Track and Desired Track Bearing = Direction to waypoint Course = Desired Track between specific waypoints Desired Track = Course direction Track = Direction the aircraft is going North TO WPT TRK BRG DTK DTK Cou rse Track Angle Error (Tae) Heading = Direction the aircraft is pointed Distance Off Track or Cross Track Deviation Heading FROM WPT Present Position Navigation Terms and Abbreviations Autonav The Autonav feature lets you select certain Nav display choices and have them rotate in sequence displaying each one from one to nine seconds. The selection of displays and sequencing time is performed in the Nav Info part of the System Functions (see page 7-1). 1. Start Autonav by pressing ENTER while displaying the Nav Home Page, or one of its sub-pages. Ete aEUG 00:22 1.10 "¼¸ Brg 082½ 74nmY 2. Stop Autonav rotation by pressing any key or turning either knob. Leaving the Nav function will also disable Autonav. ENTER 3-2 Navigation Basics Relative Bearing Indicator The Relative Bearing Indicator is an arrow next to the Bearing value that indicates an approximate bearing to a waypoint or airspace relative to the aircraft's current track when your current ground speed is more than 5 knots. The following illustration describes the bearing range for each arrow. M 23º to 67º N 68º to 112º O 113º to 157º P 158º to 202º Q 203º to 247º R 248º to 292º \ 293º to 337º T 338º to 22º Near 1 to PPos PDX AIRPORT Brg 010½ 39.7nm· Nav Pages The Apollo GX provides a wide variety of navigation information. This information is provided on a number of displays that you can view by turning the LARGE knob. Some displays have a diamond in the lower right corner; turn the SMALL knob to view more related information. Waypoint Indentifier Estimated Time Enroute Value "Diamond" indicates more pages can be selected with the Small knob. Estimated Time Enroute Label Distance Off Track ete aEUG 00:16 1.120 "¼º Brg 173 45.5nm· Graphic TO/FROM Indicator Graphic CDI Indicator Bearing Label Bearing Value Range to Destination Waypoint from your Present Position 3-3 Navigation Basics Estimated Time En Route (Ete) ETE is to the current TO (destination) waypoint from your present position based on the current ground speed. The units shown are in hours and minutes, 00:00 to 99:59, and in seconds when less than one hour is displayed. If the ground speed is less than or equal to 5 knots, the GPS receiver does not have a valid position, or there is no TO waypoint, the ETE value will be shown as dashes. If there is no TO waypoint, the TO identifier location will be replaced by dashes. Bearing (Brg) Bearing is the angle from your present position to the TO waypoint. Bearing is shown from 0 to 359 degrees in one degree increments. Bearing is computed using the magnetic variation at the Present Position. The Bearing value will be dashed if the FROM or TO waypoints are blank or the GPS receiver does not have a valid position. ete aEUG 00:16 ete aEUG 1.120 00:16 1.120 "¼º Brg 173 45.5nm· Bearing Label Bearing Value "¼º 173 Trk172 Bearing listed in the direction Track Angle Value you are off-course (value will switch to either side as required) Range (Rge) The distance from your present position to the TO waypoint. Units can be set as either nautical miles or kilometers in the Nav Info section of the System functions (see page 7-6). Nautical mile units are 0.00 to 9.00 nm in 0.01 nm increments, 10.0 to 99.9 nm in 0.1 nm increments, and 100 to 9999 nm in 1 nm increments. Kilometer units are 0.00 to 99.99 km in 0.01 km increments, 100.0 to 999.9 km in 0.1 km increments, and 1000 to 9999 km in 1 km increments. The Range value will be dashed if the FROM or TO waypoints are blank or the GPS receiver does not have a valid position. 3-4 Navigation Basics Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) and Distance Off Track The triangle symbol (") referenced to a bar graph shows your position relative to being on-course. When the bar graph is to the right of the triangle, you must fly right to return on-course. In the example below, the bar graph indicates you are off-course to the right. Fly the aircraft in the direction of the bar graph (left) to return on-course. ete aSLE #### " Brg 173¯ CDI Sensitivity = 0.3 nm each 7 = 0.01 nm each 6 = 0.04 nm 00:37 4.005 42.4nm CDI Sensitivity = 5.0 nm each H = 0.24 nm each B = 0.71 nm CDI Sensitivity = 1.0 nm each $ = 0.05 nm each z = 0.14 nm " >>>>>>> (full scale) = 0.3 nm " ¼¼¼¼¼¼¼ (full scale) = 1.0 nm " ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥ (full scale) = 5.0 nm A single dot thickness bar indicates that CDI sensitivity is set to 0.3 nm full scale per side. The two dot bar indicates a sensitivity of 1.0 nm full scale per side. The three dot bar indicates a sensitivity of 5.0 nm full scale per side. The manual sensitivity of the CDI may be set to 0.3, 1.0, or 5.0 nm full scale per side. The number shown on the edge of the display opposite from the triangle symbol shows the distance off track. The numbered values of Cross Track Error are in the direction you are off course. If the numbers are on the left side, fly right to return on course. The displayed value ranges are: 0.000 to 0.999 nm with 0.001 nm resolution, 1.0 to 9.99 nm with 0.01 nm resolution, and 10.0 to 99.9 nm with 0.1 nm resolution. ete aSLE 0.006 " Brg 173 00:37 42.4nm 3-5 Navigation Basics If the GPS sensor is not sending a valid position, or the current TO waypoint is blank, the CDI will display "--Nav Flagged--". TO/FROM Indicator The triangle symbol is also used as a TO-FROM indicator. When the triangle is facing up, you are on the "TO" side of the destination waypoint. When the triangle is facing upside down, you are on the "FROM" side of the destination waypoint. TO side of destination waypoint TO (destination) WPT From side of destination waypoint " " FROM (origin) WPT