User manual HP 30S

One-Off Change To override the default angle setting: HP 30S Scientific Calculator Basic operation On and Off O turns the calculator on; $ [OFF] turns it off. The calculator automatically turns off if no key is pressed for 9 minutes. Press O to reactivate the calculator. The display, memory, and settings are retained. Display The display comprises the entry line, the result line, and indicators. Entry Line You can enter up to 80 characters. Your entry indicator is displayed--when you scrolls to the left--and the enter 11 or more characters. System Memory Previous Entries The HP 30S keeps a record of all the entries you make (up to a maximum of 320 characters). These entries are retained even if you turn off the calculator. Press n or o to scroll through the entries. You can reuse or edit a previous entry when it is on the entry line. Last answer The last answer is stored automatically in memory. It is kept even if you turn the calculator off. To retrieve the last answer, press $[ANS]. Ans appears on the entry line. Press \ to see the value of the last answer. You can also use the last answer in a new calculation by first pressing an operator key (+, -, etc). Ans appears on the entry line followed by the operator. You then complete the entry as you would normally. Linear Solutions The results of solving a set of linear equations are stored in the variables X and Y. Quadratic Solutions The results of solving a quadratic equation are stored in the variables X1 and X2, or Y1 and Y2. 1. 2. 3. 4. Enter the value. Press $[DMS]. Select the unit you want. Press \. The Solutions menu appears with the x-value displayed on the result line. Press p to see the corresponding y-value. These solutions are stored in the variables X and Y. You can use these variables in further calculations. You can also select a previous equation to reuse or edit. Press U n until that equation is on the entry line. The units you can select are degrees(º), minutes ('), seconds (''), radians (r), grads (g), and degrees­minutes­seconds (¶DMS). Angle Conversions 1. Change the default angle setting to what you want to convert to. 2. Enter the value of the unit to convert. 3. Press $[DMS]. 4. Choose the units you are converting from. 5. Press \ twice. Quadratic Equation Solver To solve a quadratic equation with real solutions: 1. Press ! 3. 2. Enter the equation. Express it in the form ax2 + bx + c=0. You can solve a quadratic equation in x or in y. If you are entering an equation in x, press $ [@] to enter x; otherwise press $ []] to enter y. In both cases, press v to enter the second-order exponent. 3. Press \. The Solutions menu appears with the first root (X1 or Y1) displayed on the result line. Press p to see the second root (X2 or Y2). These roots are stored in the variables X1 and X2, or Y1 and Y2. You can use these variables in further calculations. You can also select a previous equation to reuse or edit. Press U n until that equation is on the entry line. ± Rectangular and Polar Arithmetic To find the polar attributes (r or ) of a rectangular system (x,y) or vice versa, press $[H] and select an option. You can find r or by specifying x and y, or x or y by specifying r and . By default, the calculator is in overwrite mode. In overwrite mode the cursor is the underscore character (_) and any digit you enter appears at the cursor's position. If there is a digit below the cursor, that digit is replaced by your new entry. You can also set the calculator to insert mode. In insert mode the cursor appears as ´ and any digit you enter is inserted to the left of the cursor. To activate insert mode, place the cursor where you want to insert a character and press $[INS]. To deactivate insert mode, press an arrow key or $[INS] again. Press p or / to move the cursor through an entry. To go directly to the first character, press $/. To go directly to the last character, press $p. To delete a digit, press e(or, in overwrite mode, just type over the digit). Negative Numbers To enter a negative number, press F before entering the digits. Result Line The result of a calculation is displayed on the result line (the bottom line of the display). Up to 10 digits can be displayed, as well as a negative sign, decimal point, the ×10 indicator, and a positive or negative exponent. Calculation accuracy is up to 24 decimal places. Indicators These are displayed to indicate certain selections, states, or settings (see table below). Indicator 2nd MODE STAT ENG SCI DEG, RAD, or GRAD FIX HYP LSOLV QSOLV User Memory Memory variables There are five memory variables: A, B, C, D, and EQN. You can store real numbers in variables A­D, and store an expression in EQN. You can also store real numbers in X, Y, X1, X2, Y1, and Y2; however, the values in these variables are replaced with linear equation and quadratic solutions. You store a number or expression in a variable by entering it, pressing ?, selecting the variable from the Variables menu, and pressing \. Constant expression [K] A constant expression is any combination of operators, functions, variables, and numbers that can be added to the end of an entry and be evaluated. A constant expression is useful if you want to apply the same operation many times to different inputs. To define (or modify) the constant expression, press $[K], enter the operators, functions, and numbers that you need, and press \. To use the constant expression, the K indicator needs to be displayed. (If it is not displayed, press $[K].) Pressing \ will now attach the constant expression to your input and evaluate the result. For example, if your constant expression is "+ sin(30)", entering 2 and pressing \ yields 2.5, that is, 2 + sin(30). To return to normal operation, press $[K] again. The constant expression is retained for later use. Running memory Press # to add a result to running memory. Press ; to subtract the value on the result line from running memory. To recall the value in running memory, press :. To clear running memory, press : twice. Trigonometry The HP 30S provides standard trigonometric functions--S, Z, b--inverse trigonometric functions--$[SIN­1], $[COS­1], $[TAN­1]--and hyperbolic functions--$[HYP] together with S, Z, b, $[SIN­1], $[COS­1], and $[TAN­1]. Physical Constants You can use a number of common physical constants in your calculations. To insert a constant at the cursor position: 1. Press c to display the Physical Constants menu. 2. Press p until the constant you want is underlined (see table below). 3. Press \. c g G speed of light acceleration of gravity gravitational constant 299792458m.s­1 9.80665m.s­2 6.673 × 10­11 m3 kg­1 s­2 22.413996 × 10­3 m3 mol­1 6.02214199 × 1023 mol­1 1.602176462 × 10­19 C 9.10938188 × 10­31 kg 1.67262158 × 10­27 kg 1.67492716 × 10­27 kg 8.314472 J.mol­1 K­1 6.62606876 × 10­34 J.s 1.3806503 × 10­23 J.K­1 Fractions n To enter a fraction, enter the numerator, press V, and enter the denominator. n To enter a mixed fraction, enter the integer part, press V, enter the numerator, press V, and enter the denominator. n To convert between a decimal and fractional result, or vice versa, press $[_] and \. n To convert a mixed fraction to an improper fraction, or vice versa, press $[^ ] and \. Vm molar volume of ideal gas NA Avogadro's number e elementary charge me electron mass mp proton mass mn neutron mass R h k molar gas constant Plank's constant Boltzmann's constant Probability Pressing P displays the Probability menu, with the following functions: nPr nCr ! RANDM RANDMI Calculates the number of possible permutations of n items taken r at a time. Calculates the number of possible combinations of n items taken r at a time. Calculates the factorial of a specified positive integer n, where n <= 69. Creates a random real number between 0 and 1. Creates a random integer between (and possibly including one of) two specified integers. Meaning 2nd set of function keys is active (see below). Mode selection is active. Statistics mode is active. Numbers are displayed in engineering notation. Numbers are displayed in scientific notation. Angle setting is degrees, radians, or gradians respectively. Number of decimal places displayed is fixed. Hyperbolic trig function will be calculated. Linear equation solver is active. Quadratic equation solver is active. There are digits to the left or right of the display. There are earlier or later results that can be displayed. A number is stored in running memory. Result is negative, or the entry line is full. A constant expression can be defined or used. Result is displayed in scientific or engineering notation. Exponent is displayed above indicator. Thousands separator (for numbers >= 1000). Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology, http://physics.nist.gov Unit Conversion 1. Enter the value of the measurement you want to convert. 2. Press h. 3. Press o to scroll to the appropriate units menu. (There are menus covering distances, area, mass, volume, capacity, temperature, energy, and pressure.) 4. Press p until the units you are converting from are underlined; then press \. 5. Press p until the units you are converting to are underlined. Recalling and Reusing Variables You can recall, and reuse, the variables A, B, C, D, EQN, X, Y, X1, X2, Y1, and Y2, or the values in these variables. n To recall the value of a variable, press $[RCL] and p until the variable is underlined. n To recall the variable, press < and p until the variable is underlined. To copy the variable or value to the entry line, press \. Statistics Press !1 to display the Statistics menu. The menu options are 1-VAR (for analyzing data in a single dataset), 2-VAR (for analyzing paired data from two datasets) and CLR-DATA (for clearing all datasets). To enter data for statistical analysis: From the Statistics menu, choose 1-VAR or 2-VAR. Press *. Enter an x-value and press o . Enter the frequency of the x-value (in 1-VAR mode) or the corresponding y-value (in 2-VAR mode) and press o . 5. To enter more data, repeat from step 3. Data is retained until you overwrite it or clear it. You clear data by selecting CLR-DATA from the Statistics menu. To analyze data you have entered: 1. Press J. A range of statistical variables (see table below) is displayed on the Statistical Results menu. The first variable (n) is underlined and its value is on the result line. 2. Press p to scroll through the Statistical Results menu (skipping any error messages that appear). The value of each variable is displayed on the result line. 3. To use a value in a calculation, press \ when the value is displayed. The variable is copied to the entry line. 4. In 2-VAR mode, to predict a value for x (or y) given a value for y (or x), select the x' (or y') variable, press \, enter the given value, and press \ again. Variable Meaning ±° ²³ M Error Messages DIVIDE BY DOM OVERFLOW STAT SYN ARG SAVE ­ K ×10 ' Expressions You can create an expression using the variables A, B, C, D, X, X1, X2, Y, Y1, and Y2--for example, 3A2 + 4B--and store that expression in the variable EQN. You store an expression in the same way that you store a value, but always store it in the variable named EQN. To evaluate a stored expression, press