User manual ICOM IC-78

INSTRUCTION MANUAL HF TRANSCEIVER i78 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. IMPORTANT READ THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL CAREFULLY before attempting to operate the transceiver. EXPLICIT DEFINITIONS DEFINITION Personal injury, fire hazard or electric R WARNING shock may occur. CAUTION NOTE Equipment damage may occur. Inconvenience only. No risk of per of personal injury, fire or electric shock. WORD SAVE THIS INSTRUCTION MANUAL. This manual contains important safety and operating instructions for the IC-78. PRECAUTIONS R WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE! NEVER attach an antenna or internal antenna connector during transmission. This may result in an electric shock or burn. During maritime mobile operation, keep the transceiver and microphone as far away as possible from the magnetic navigation compass to prevent erroneous indications. BE CAREFUL! The heatsink will become hot when operating the transceiver continuously for long periods. BE CAREFUL! If a linear amplifier is connected, set the transceiver's RF output power to less than the linear amplifier's maximum input level, otherwise, the linear amplifier will be damaged. Use Icom microphones only (supplied or optional). Other manufacturer's microphones have different pin assignments, and connection to the IC-78 may damage the transceiver. R NEVER apply AC to the [DC13.8V] jack on the transceiver rear panel. This could cause a fire or ruin the transceiver. R NEVER apply more than 16 V DC, such as a 24 V battery, to the [DC13.8V] jack on the transceiver rear panel. This could cause a fire or ruin the transceiver. R NEVER let metal, wire or other objects touch any internal part or connectors on the rear panel of the transceiver. This may result in an electric shock. NEVER expose the transceiver to rain, snow or any liquids. AVOID using or placing the transceiver in areas with temperatures below ­10°C (+14°F) or above +60°C (+140°F). Be aware that temperatures on a vehicle's dashboard can exceed 80°C (+176°F), resulting in permanent damage to the transceiver if left there for extended periods. AVOID placing the transceiver in excessively dusty environments or in direct sunlight. AVOID placing the transceiver against walls or putting anything on top of the transceiver. This will obstruct heat dissipation. During mobile operation, DO NOT operate the transceiver without running the vehicle's engine. When the transceiver power is ON and your vehicle's engine is OFF, the vehicle's battery will soon become exhausted. Make sure the transceiver power is OFF before starting the vehicle. This will avoid possible damage to the transceiver by ignition voltage spikes. i TABLE OF CONTENTS IMPORTANT .............................................................. i EXPLICIT DEFINITIONS ........................................... i PRECAUTIONS ........................................................ i 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................... 1 SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES ..................................... 1 2 PANEL DESCRIPTION ................................... 2 ­ 7 s Front panel ....................................................... 2 s Function display ............................................... 4 s Rear panel ........................................................ 5 s Microphone (HM-36) ........................................ 7 3 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS ......... 8 ­ 12 s Unpacking ........................................................ 8 s Selecting a location .......................................... 8 s Grounding ......................................................... 8 s Antenna connection .......................................... 8 s Required connections ....................................... 9 s Power supply connections .............................. 10 s Advanced connections .................................... 11 s External antenna tuners ................................. 12 4 OPERATION ................................................. 13­ 27 s Selecting a channel ......................................... 13 s Frequency indication ....................................... 14 s Lock function ................................................... 14 s Scan function................................................... 14 s Basic voice receive and transmit..................... 15 s Mode selection ................................................ 15 s RF gain and Squelch....................................... 15 s Functions for transmit...................................... 16 s Functions for receive ....................................... 19 s Filter selection ................................................. 21 s Filter setting..................................................... 22 s Functions for CW............................................. 23 s Functions for RTTY ......................................... 25 s Channel comment programming ..................... 27 5 SET MODE ................................................... 28­ 33 s General............................................................ 28 s Quick set mode items...................................... 29 s Initial set mode items....................................... 31 1 6 EXTRA FEATURES ...................................... 34­ 36 s Instruction........................................................ 34 s VFO operation ................................................. 34 s 2-Tone alarm operation ................................... 36 7 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS ........ 37­ 38 s Opening the transceiver's case ...................... 37 s Optional bracket and carrying handle.............. 37 s CR-338 HIGH STABILITY CRYSTAL UNIT ......... 38 s Optional IF filters ............................................ 38 8 MAINTENANCE ........................................... 39­ 40 s Troubleshooting .............................................. 39 s Fuse replacement ........................................... 40 s Resetting the CPU .......................................... 40 9 REMOTE JACK INFORMATION .................. 41­ 42 s CI-V remote control ......................................... 41 s Data cloning between transceivers ................. 42 10 SPECIFICATIONS ........................................... 43 12 OPTIONS .................................................. 44­ 45 SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES The transceiver comes with the following accessories. Qty. q DC power cable .................................................... 1 w Hand microphone (HM-36) .................................. 1 e Fuse (FGB 20 A; for DC cable) ............................ 1 r Fuse (FGB 4 A; internal use) ............................... 1 q w e r 1 2 PANEL DESCRIPTION s Front panel Speaker Function Display @1 @0 !9 !8 !7 q PWR !6 !5 !4 !3 !2 w e rt yu i o !0 !1 q POWER SWITCH [PWR] ¯ Push momentarily to turn power ON. · Turn the optional DC power supply ON in advance. ¯ Push for 1 sec. to turn power OFF. ¯ While pushing and holding [SET], push [PWR] to enter the initial set mode. (p. 28) w MICROPHONE CONNECTOR [MIC] Accepts supplied or optional microphone. · See p. 45 for appropriate microphones. · See p. 7 for microphone connector information. e HEADPHONE JACK [PHONES] (p. 11) Accepts headphones. · When headphones are connected, the internal speaker or connected external speaker does not function. r AF CONTROL [AF] (inner control) Varies the audio output level from the speaker. t RF GAIN/SQUELCH CONTROL [RF/SQL] (outer control; pgs. 15, 31) Adjusts the squelch threshold level. The squelch removes noise output from the speaker (closed condition) when no signal is received. · The squelch is available for all modes. · The control can be set as the squelch plus RF gain controls or squelch control only (RF gain is fixed at maximum) in initial set mode. y RIT CONTROL [RIT] (inner control; p. 19) ¯ Shifts the receive frequency ±1.2 kHz for clear reception of an off frequency signal. · Rotate the control clockwise to increase the frequency, or rotate the control counterclockwise to decrease the frequency. " " appears on the display. 2 u IF SHIFT CONTROLS [SHIFT] (outer control; p. 20) Shifts the center frequency of the receiver's IF passband. · Rotate the control clockwise to shift the center frequency higher, or rotate the control counterclockwise to shift the center frequency lower. i LOCK SWITCH [LOCK] (p. 14) Push momentarily to turn the dial lock function ON and OFF. · The dial lock function electronically locks the channel selector. o CHANNEL SELECTOR Selects an operating channel, sets conditions in the quick/initial set mode items, etc. !0 PREAMP SWITCH [P.AMP] (p. 19) Push to turn the preamp ON or OFF. !1 FC SWITCH [CH] ¯ Push to change the indication, channel comment or stored frequency. (p. 14) This key action only for some versions. ¯ Push for 1 sec. to entering into VFO mode. (p. 35) !2 MEMORY CHANNEL UP/DOWN SWITCHES [ DN]/[UP ] ¯ Push to select the operating channel. (p. 13) ¯ Push for 1 sec. to start scanning. (p. 14) ¯ Push to select the quick/initial set mode items while quick/initial set mode is selected. (p. 28) ¯ Push to select the digit of channel comment while editing. (p. 27) PANEL DESCRIPTION 2 !3 ATTENUATOR SWITCH [ATT] (p. 19) Push to turn the 20 dB attenuator function ON and OFF. !4 TUNER SWITCH [TUNER] (p. 18) ¯ Push to turn the antenna tuner function ON and OFF. ¯ Push for 1 sec. to manually tune the tuner. · An optional antenna tuner must be connected. · When the tuner cannot tune the antenna, the tuning circuit is bypassed automatically after 20 sec. !5 SET SWITCH [SET] ¯ Push for 1 sec. to enter the quick set mode. (p. 28) ¯ Push and hold [SET], then push [PWR] to enter the initial set mode. (p. 28) ¯ Push to change the meter function; (p. 16) · PO: indicates the relative RF output power. · ALC: Indicates ALC level. · SWR: Indicates the SWR over the transmission line. !6 MIC COMPRESSOR SWITCH [COMP] (p. 17) Turn the Mic. compressor function ON and OFF. !7 KEYPAD The keypad can be used for several functions as described below: ¯ [0] to [9] -- For entering operating channel number. (p. 13) -- Selects a character during channel comment programming. (p. 27) ¯ [ENT] -- Direct channel number input. (p. 13) ¯ [TXF] -- Transmit frequency indication. (p.14) -- Selects a space and changes the editing digit during channel comment programming. (p. 27) !8 NOISE BLANKER SWITCH [NB] (p. 19) ¯ Turns the noise blanker ON and OFF. The noise blanker reduces pulse-type noise such as that generated by automobile ignition systems. This function is not effective against non pulse-type noise. ¯ Push [NB] for 1 sec. to enter the noise blanker level setting condition. !9 TONE SWITCH [TONE] This key action may differ according to version. ¯ Selects the call channel and emits a distress alarm tone from the speaker. (p. 36) ¯ Transmits a distress alarm or alarm testing signal when pushed for 1 sec. (p. 36) · Cancel the distress alarm tone emission, or distress alarm transmission. ¯ Selects the tuning step item in the quick set mode directly. ¯ No function is assigned. @0 CALL SWITCH [CALL] ¯ Push to select call channel. · Push again to return to previous condition. @1 MODE SWITCH [MODE] (p. 15) Push to change an operating mode. · Push [MODE] for 1 sec. during SSB mode to switch between LSB or USB. · Push [MODE] for 1 sec. during CW or RTTY mode, to switch between CW and CW reverse or RTTY and RTTY reverse. " " appears on the display. 3 2 PANEL DESCRIPTION s Function display !6 q w e r t y !5 !4 !3 !2 !1 !0 u io q LOCK INDICATOR (p. 14) Appears when the dial lock function is in use. w RECEIVE INDICATOR Appears while receiving a signal or when the squelch is open. e TUNE INDICATOR ¯ Appears or disappears when the connected automatic tuner is tuned completely, depending on connected antenna tuner type. ¯ Flashes while tuning. r TRANSMIT INDICATOR ¯ Appears while transmitting. ¯ Flashes while transmit frequency is indicated. t ALARM INDICATOR This indicator appears only some versions. Appears while 2-tone alarm is emitting or transmitting y FUNCTION INDICATORS ¯ "P.AMP" appears when preamp is activated. ¯ "ATT" appears when the RF attenuator is activated. ¯ "NB" appears when the Noise Blanker is activated. ¯ "BK" appears when the semi break-in function is selected in quick set mode. ¯ "F-BK" appears when the full break-in function activates in CW mode. (p. 23) ¯ "VOX" appears when the VOX function is selected in quick set mode. ¯ "COM" appears when the speech compressor activates in SSB mode. ¯ "SCAN" appears during scanning. · Flashes when scan is paused. u SIGNAL/SQL/RF-GAIN METER ¯ Functions as an S-meter while receiving. ¯ Functions as a Power, ALC or SWR meter while transmitting. (p. 16) 4 i VFO/MEMORY INDICATOR ¯ "MEMO" appears during regular operation. This indicator appears only some versions. ¯ "VFO" appears during VFO operation. o CHANNEL NUMBER READOUT (p. 13) Shows the selected channel number. !0 BLANK INDICATOR Appears when no frequency programmed channel is selected. !1 SPLIT INDICATORS (p. 13) Appears when the duplex channel, in which different frequencies between transmit and receive are programmed, is selected. !2 RIT INDICATOR (p. 19) Appears when the RIT function is in use. !3 CHANNEL READOUT Shows the memory names, or stored frequency of the selected channel. !4 REVERSE INDICATOR (p. 15) Appears when the CW reverse or RTTY reverse mode is selected. !5 WIDE/NARROW FILTER INDICATORS (pgs. 21, 22) ¯" " appears when the wide IF filter is selected. ¯" " appears when the narrow IF filter is selected. !6 MODE INDICATORS (p. 15) Indicates the temporarily selected operating mode. PANEL DESCRIPTION 2 s Rear panel q w e !0 oi u y t r q ANTENNA TERMINAL [ANT] (p. 9) Connects a 50 antenna with a PL-259 connector and a 50 coaxial cable. w DC POWER SOCKET [DC 13.8V] (p. 10) Accepts 13.8 V DC through the supplied DC power cable. u ELECTRONIC KEYER JACK [KEY] Accepts a paddle to activate the internal electronic keyer. · Selection between the internal electronic keyer and straight key operation can be made in initial set mode. When connecting a straight key () Rear panel view e TUNER CONTROL SOCKET [TUNER] (p. 11) Accepts the control cable from an optional antenna tuner. r REMOTE JACK [REMOTE] (p. 11) For use with a personal computer for remote operation of transceiver functions, and data cloning between transceivers. t EXTERNAL SPEAKER JACK [EXT SP] Connects an 8 external speaker, if desired. · When an external speaker is connected, the internal speaker does not function. y ACCESSORY SOCKET [ACC] (p. 6) Enables connection to external equipment such as a TNC for data communications or a linear amplifier, etc. When connecting a paddle (dot) (com) (dash) i ALC INPUT JACK [ALC] Connects to the ALC output jack of a non-Icom linear amplifier. o SEND CONTROL JACK [SEND] Goes to ground while transmitting to control external equipment such as a linear amplifier. · Max. control level: 16 V DC/2 A !0 GROUND TERMINAL [GND] (p. 9) Connects the terminal to ground. 5 2 PANEL DESCRIPTION D ACC SOCKET INFORMATION · ACC socket ACC PIN # NAME DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 13 9 10 11 12 5678 1234 8V GND Regulated 8 V output. Connects to ground. Output voltage : 8 V ±0.3 V Output current : Less than 10 mA -- : ­0.5 V to 0.8 V : Less than 20 mA Input/output pin. Ground level SEND Goes to ground when transmitting. Input current When grounded, transmits. BDT Data line. -- BAND Band voltage output. ALC NC ALC voltage output. -- 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Control voltage : ­4 V to 0 V Input impedance : More than 10 k -- -- Ground level Input current : ­0.5 V to 0.8 V : Less than 10 mA -- Rear panel view 13.8 V 13.8 V output when power is ON. Output current : Max. 1 A TKEY Key line. FSKK RTTY key input. MOD AF SQLS Modulation input. Input impedance : 10 k Input level : Approx. 100 mV rms Output impedance: 4.7 k AF detector output. Fixed, regardless of [AF] position. Output level : 100­300 mV rms Squelch output. SQL open Goes to ground when squelch opens. SQL closed : Less than 0.3 V/5 mA : More than 6.0 V/100 µA · When connecting the ACC conversion cable (OPC-599) 4 1 6 13 9 10 11 12 5678 1234 2 8 5 3 7 FSKK GND SEND MOD AF SQLS 13.8 V ALC ACC 1 2 5 3 7 4 1 6 8V GND SEND BAND ALC NC 13.8 V ACC 2 6 PANEL DESCRIPTION 2 s Microphone (HM-36) · DESCRIPTION q · MICROPHONE CONNECTOR (Front view) i Main readout AF output (varies with [AF]) q Microphone input w +8 V DC output e Frequency up/down u GND (Microphone ground) y GND (PTT ground) t PTT r Main readout squelch switch w [MIC] Pin No. q UP/DOWN SWITCHES [UP]/[DN] Change the selected readout frequency or memory channel. · Continuous pushing changes the frequency or memory channel number continuously. · The [UP]/[DN] switch can simulate a key paddle. Preset in the CW PADDL in initial set mode. (p. 32) w PTT SWITCH Push and hold to transmit; release to receive. w e r FUNCTION +8 V DC output Frequency up Frequency down Squelch open Squelch closed DESCRIPTION Max. 10 mA Ground Ground through 470 "Low" level "High" level CAUTION: DO NOT short pin 2 to ground as this can damage the internal 8 V regulator. · HM-36 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM MICROPHONE 10 µ + MICROPHONE CABLE MICROPHONE PLUG 2k + 4700 p MIC ELEMENT 0.33 µ 4700 p q w i r u y t DOWN UP e PTT RECEIVE TRANSMIT 470 7 3 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS s Antenna connection For radio communications, the antenna is of critical importance, along with output power and sensitivity. Select antenna(s), such as a well-matched 50 antenna, and feed line. 1.5:1 or better of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) is recommended for your desired band. Of course, the transmission line should be a coaxial cable. s Unpacking After unpacking, immediately report any damage to the delivering carrier or dealer. Keep the shipping cartons. For a description and a diagram of accessory equipment included with the IC-78, see `Supplied accessories' on p. 1 of this manual. s Selecting a location Select a location for the transceiver that allows adequate air circulation, free from extreme heat, cold, or vibrations, and away from TV sets, TV antenna elements, radios and other electro-magnetic sources. The base of the transceiver has an adjustable stand for desktop use. Set the stand to one of two angles depending on your operating conditions. CAUTION: Protect your transceiver from lightning by using a lightning arrestor. PL-259 CONNECTOR INSTALLATION EXAMPLE q 30 mm Slide the coupling ring down. Strip the cable jacket and soft solder. Strip the cable as shown at left. Soft solder the center conductor. Slide the connector body on and solder it. Screw the coupling ring onto the connector body. Coupling ring 10 mm (soft solder) 10 mm w Soft solder 1­2 mm e solder solder r s Grounding To prevent electrical shock, television interference (TVI), broadcast interference (BCI) and other problems, ground the transceiver through the GROUND terminal on the rear panel. For best results, connect a heavy gauge wire or strap to a long earth-sunk copper rod. Make the distance between the [GND] terminal and ground as short as possible. 30 mm 9/8 in 10 mm 3/8 in 1­2 mm 1/16 in Antenna SWR Each antenna is tuned for a specified frequency range and SWR may be increased out-of-range. When the SWR is higher than approx. 2.0:1, the transceiver's power drops to protect the final transistor. In this case, an antenna tuner is useful to match the transceiver and antenna. Low SWR allows full power for transmitting even when using the antenna tuner. The IC-78 has an SWR meter to monitor the antenna SWR continuously. R WARNING: NEVER connect the [GND] terminal to a gas or electric pipe, since the connection could cause an explosion or electric shock. 8 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS 3 s Required connections · Front panel MICROPHONES (p. 45) PWR HM-36 SM-20 or SM-6, SM-8 · Rear panel ANTENNA [Example]: 1.8­30 MHz bands DC POWER SUPPLY AH-710 PS-85 GROUND (p. 8) CW KEY Use the heaviest gauge wire or strap available and make the connection as short as possible. Grounding prevents electrical shocks, TVI and other problems. A straight key can be used when the internal electronic keyer is turned OFF in "CW PADDL" in initial set mode. (p. 32) 9 3 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS s Power supply connections Use an optional PS-85 DC POWER SUPPLY when operating the IC-78 with AC power. Refer to the diagrams below. CAUTION: Before connecting the DC power cable, check the following important items. Make sure: · The [PWR] switch is OFF. · Output voltage of the power source is 12­15 V when you use a non-Icom power supply. · DC power cable polarity is correct. Red Black : positive + terminal : negative _ terminal CONNECTING PS-85 DC POWER SUPPLY PS-85 Connect to an AC outlet using the supplied AC cable. DC power socket DC power cable CONNECTING NON-ICOM DC POWER SUPPLY DC power supply AC outlet DC power socket 13.8 V 20 A _ + AC cable _ black Supplied DC power cable + red 20 A fuses CONNECTING A VEHICLE BATTERY NEVER connect to a 24 V battery. _ black Grommet NOTE: Use terminals for the cable connections. Crimp + red 12 V battery Supplied DC power cable Solder 10 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS 3 s Advanced connections · Front panel PWR MIC The AFSK modulation signal can be input from [MIC]. (p. 25) HEADPHONES · Rear panel [REMOTE] (pgs. 41, 42) Used for computer control and transceive operation, and cloning operation between transceivers. with AT-120, AT-130, or AH-4 (p. 44) AH-2b or long wire ANTENNA Connects a linear amplifier, etc. ACC SOCKETS (p. 6) EXTERNAL SPEAKER (p. 44) [SEND], [ALC] Used for connecting a non-Icom linear amplifier. SP-21, etc. 11 3 INSTALLATION AND CONNECTIONS s External antenna tuners CONNECTING AN ANTENNA TUNER (p. 44) Long wire or optional AH-2b Coaxial cable (from the tuner) Control cable IC-78 Ground Ground AT-120/AT-130/AH-4 12 OPERATION s Selecting a channel The transceiver has 99 memory channels. However, the number of channels can be restricted in initial set mode (p. 32) depending on your needs. A total of 3 ways of channel selections are available to suit your operating style. D Using the channel selector Rotate the channel selector clockwise (channel number increases) or counterclockwise (channel number decreases) to select desired channel. This is the most useful way of channel selection. Channel 1 4 Rotate the channel selector D Using up/down switches Push [ DN]/[UP ] on the front panel or the microphone to select the desired channel. This way is convenient when changing a small number of channels. · When a duplex channel (different frequencies between transmit and receive) is selected, " " appears. Channel 2 or Push [ DN]/[UP ] switch to select a channel Channel 99 D Using the keypad Enter the number of the desired channel number using the keypad (0 to 9), then push [ENT]. This way is convenient for remembering the usage and stored channel number, or when changing large a number of channels. · When a duplex channel (different frequencies between transmit and receive) is selected, " " appears. · When a blank channel (no frequency is programmed) is selected, " " appears. · Example 1-- selecting channel 8 Push Push Blinks · Example 2-- selecting channel 25 Push Push Push Blinks Blinks 13 4 OPERATION s Frequency indication By pushing the [FC], channel comment indication or frequency indication can be selected. D Transmit frequency indication By pushing the [TXF], transmit frequency is indicated, regardless channel comment or frequency indication. While transmit frequency is indicated, " " flashes. Push Channel indication Push Frequency indication Push Flashes Transmit frequency indication s Lock function The lock function electronically locks the main dial to prevent accidental channel changing. Push [LOCK] to turn the lock function ON and OFF. Before channel selection, turn this function OFF. Appears while lock function is activated. s Scan function Scan function repeatedly scans programmed channels. This function is convenient to wait for calls on multiple channels. ch 2 ch 1 BLANK w Push [ DN] or [UP ] for 1 sec. to start channel scan. ch 3 ch 4 BLANK ch 5 ch 7 ch 6 [ DN]/[UP ] switches ch 99 q Set [RF/SQL] control at the center (12 o'clock) position (opening squelch), then rotate [RF/SQL] control clockwise to the position where the noise disappears. Shallow Recommended position Appears while scanning. · The "SCAN" indicator appears. e When a signal is received, channel scan pauses on that channel. r Push [ DN] or [UP ] to cancel channel scan. NOTE: The scan resume condition (the action after signal receiving) can be selected as "scan resume" or "scan cancel" in the initial set mode (p. 31). Squelch control Deep 14 OPERATION 4 s Basic voice receive and transmit q Check the following in advance: ¯ Microphone is connected. ¯ [AF] control is set to minimum position. ¯ [RF/SQL] is set to center position (squelch open). ¯ [RIT] control set to center position. e Adjust [AF] to the desired audio level when receiving a signal. r Push [MODE] to select the desired operation mode, if the received signal is in a different mode. t If the bass or treble of the receive audio is too strong, rotate [RIT] control to obtain clear audio. (p. 19) y Push [TUNER] to tune the antenna tuner, if connected. · "TUNE" indicator flashes for 1 to 2 sec. for the first tuning on a channel. [RIT] Microphone connector [AF] [RF/SQL] u Push and hold [PTT] on the microphone, and speak into the microphone at a normal voice level. · The RF meter shows the output power according to your voice level, when RF power meter is selected. w Selects the desired channel to be received with the channel selector, [ DN]/[UP ], or 10-key pad. · The S-meter shows signal strength when signal is received. i Release [PTT] to return to receive. s Mode selection The following modes are available in the IC-78: SSB (LSB/USB), CW, CW REV (CW reverse), RTTY, RTTY REV (RTTY reverse) and AM. ¯ Push [MODE] to select desired operation mode. ¯ Push [MODE] for 1 sec. to change between USB and LSB, CW and CW reverse or RTTY and RTTY reverse. (SSB, CW and RTTY mode only) · The selected mode is indicated in the function display. OPERATING MODE SELECTION MODE USB CW RTTY AM LSB CW RTTY Push momentarily MODE Push for 1 sec. Note: The selected mode can be used for temporary operation only. s RF gain and Squelch The [RF/SQL] control adjusts either the RF gain or the squelch. The action depends on the operating mode and the condition of the RF/SQL item in initial set mode (p. 31). · [RF/SQL] control priority Set mode setting SSB, CW, RTTY rS (RF/SQL) At (Auto) Sq (SQL) (default) · When set as the [RF/SQL] control Maximum RF gain Squelch is open. RF gain adjustable range S-meter squelch threshold S-meter squelch AM RF/SQL SQL* SQL* Squelch is open. Shallow RF/SQL RF gain SQL* · When set as the [SQL] control S-meter squelch threshold S-meter squelch Deep * The RF gain is set to maximum level when the [RF/SQL] is set as [SQL] control. The RF gain is used to adjust the receiver gain. · Shallow rotation moves the S-meter to the right indicating the signal strength which can be received. · When set as the [RF] control Maximum RF gain Adjustable range Minimum RF gain The recommended position for RF gain is the 12 o'clock position since this sets RF gain to the max. The SQUELCH removes noise output from the speaker (closed condition) when no signal is received. The squelch is available for the other modes. · A segment appears in the S-meter to indicate the S-meter squelch level. 15 4 OPERATION s Functions for transmit ï Output power and microphone gain · Setting output power q Push [SET] for 1 sec. to select quick set mode. w Push [ UP]/[ DN] to select "RF POWER". e Rotate the main dial to select the desired output. · Output power is displayed in 101 steps (L, 1­99 and H) but is continuously selectable. · Available power SSB/CW/RTTY: AM: *Carrier power 2 (or less) to 100 W 2 (or less) to 40 W* Maximum output power is selected. · Setting microphone gain Microphone gain must be adjusted properly so that your signal does not distort when transmitted. q Select SSB or AM mode. w Push [SET] for 1 sec. to enter the quick set mode. e Push [ UP]/[ DN] to select "MIC GAIN". r Adjust the mic gain while speaking into the microphone, so that the ALC meter does not exceed the ALC zone. t Push [SET] to exit quick set mode. Microphone gain is set to 50. ALC zone ï Meter function The bar meter in the function display acts as an Smeter (for relative signal strength) during receive and can be selected for one of three functions during transmit. · Push [SET] to select the PO, ALC and SWR meter mode. Display Indication PO Measurement Indicates the relative RF output power. Indicates the ALC level. When the meter movement shows the input signal level exceeds the allowable level, the ALC limits the RF power. In such cases, reduce the microphone gain (see above). Indicates the SWR over the transmission line. ALC SWR · Measuring SWR q Confirm that the output power is over 30 W. w Push [SET] to select the SWR meter. e Push [MODE] to select CW or RTTY operation. · Key down or push [PTT] to transmit; then read the actual SWR from the meter: 1.5; well matched antenna 1.5; check antenna or cable connection, etc. The best match is in this range. 16 OPERATION 4 ï Microphone compressor IC-78 has a built-in, low distortion Mic compressor circuit. This circuit increases your average talk power in SSB mode and is especially useful when the receiving station is having difficulty copying your signal. q Select USB or LSB mode. w Push [COMP] switch to turn mic compressor ON. e Confirm the ALC level. · Push [SET] to select the ALC meter. · Speak into the microphone at a normal voice level. · If the ALC meter peak past the ALC zone, re-adjust the mic. gain. (p.16) · Be sure the mic gain is in the range of 20 to 50. ALC zone [COMP] switch Adjust [MIC GAIN] so that the ALC meter reads within the ALC zone. Note: When the ALC meter peaks above the ALC zone, your transmitted voice may be distorted. Appears when mic compressor is activated. · "COM" indicator appears. ï VOX operation The VOX (Voice-operated Transmission) function switches between transmit and receive with your voice. This function provides an opportunity to input log entries into your computer, etc. while operating. q Select "VOX" in quick set mode. · Push [SET] for 1 sec. to select quick set mode. · Push [ UP]/[ DN] to select "VOX". e Select "VOX GAIN" in quick set mode. · Push [ UP]/[ DN] to select "VOX". r While speaking into the microphone, adjust [VOX GAIN] with the channel selector, until the transceiver is transmitting. t Select "VOX DELY" in quick set mode. · Push [ UP]/[ DN] to select "VOX Delay" w Rotate the channel selector to turn VOX function ON. Rotate the channel selector OFF ON t While speaking into the microphone, adjust [VOX DELY] as desired. y Select "ANTI-VOX" in quick set mode. · Push [ UP]/[ DN] one or more times to select "AN VOX" u If the receive audio from the speaker switches the transceiver to transmit during receive, adjust the "ANTI-VOX" to the point where it has no effect. i Push [SET] to exit quick set mode. 17 4 OPERATION ï Optional AT-120/AT-130/AH-4 operation The AT-120, AT-130 or AH-4 matches the IC-78 to a long wire antenna more than 7 m (23 ft) long (3.5 MHz and above). · See p. 11 for connection. · See the connected antenna tuner's instruction manual for installation and antenna connection details. · Setting example: For mobile operation Optional AH-2b antenna element TUNER OPERATION Tuning is required for each frequency. Be sure to re-tune the antenna before transmitting when you change the frequency-- even slightly. · Tuner type setting (p. 32) q Push [PWR] for 1 sec. to turn power OFF. w Enter initial set mode. · Turn power ON while pushing and holding [SET]. e Push [UP Y] or [Z DN] to select [TUNER]. r Selects connected antenna tuner type by rotating the channel selector. · no ·4 · 12 · 13 : no antenna tuner is selected. : AH-4 is selected. : AT-120 is selected. : AT-130 is selected. For outdoor operation Long wire AT-120 AT-130 AH-4 y Push [PWR] for 1 sec. to turn power OFF. u Push [PWR] to turn power ON again. · MANUAL TUNING q Set the desired channel. w Push [TUNER] to start tuning. ·" " blinks and "CW" appears while tuning. IC-718 MODE FILTER TS V/M 1 MW 4 SPL 7 NR. A=B 2 M=CL 5 SCN 8 ANF 0 A/B 3 MV 6 VOX 9 F-INP ENT MIC PWR AF SQL RIT SHIFT NB P.AMP LOCK CH COMP ATT SET TUNER PHONES DN UP R WARNING: HIGH VOLTAGE! NEVER touch the antenna element while tuning or transmitting. NEVER operate the AT-120, AT-130 or AH-4 without an antenna wire. The tuner and transceiver will be damaged. NEVER operate the AT-120, AT-130 or AH-4 when it is ungrounded. Transmitting before tuning may damage the transceiver. Note that the AT-120, AT-130 or AH-4 cannot tune when using a 1/2 long wire or multiple of the operating frequency. [TUNER] switch e" " lights constantly when tuning is completed. (except when AT-120 is connected; the indicator goes out) · When the connected wire cannot be tuned, the " " goes out, the antenna tuner is bypassed and the antenna wire is connected to the antenna connector on Tuning indicator; Blinks: While tuning Appears: Tune is completed Disappears: Tune is not completed (When AT-120 is connected, the indicator disappears even when tuned completely.) the transceiver directly. r To bypass the antenna tuner manually, push [TUNER]. (AH-4 only; starts tuning again when AT120 or AT-130 is connected) 18 OPERATION 4 s Functions for receive ï RIT function The RIT (Receive Incremental Tuning) function compensates for off-frequencies of communicating stations. The function shifts the receive frequency up to 1.2 KHz without moving the transmit frequency. q Rotate the RIT control to cancel the off-frequencies. ·" " appears on the display. · The transmit frequencies are not shifted. w To cancel the RIT function, rotate the RIT control to the center position. ·" " disappears. RIT off position ï Preamp The preamp amplifies received signals in the front end circuit to improve the S/N ratio and sensitivity. Turn this function ON when receiving weak signals. ¯ Push [P.AMP] to turn the the preamp ON and OFF. · Preamp functions below 1.6 MHz, but sensitivity may be reduced in some cases. Appears when the preamp is ON. ï Attenuator The attenuator prevents desired signals from distorting when very strong signals are near the desired frequency or when very strong electric fields, such as from broadcasting stations, are near your location. ¯ Push [ATT] to turn the 20 dB attenuator function ON and OFF. · "ATT" appears when the attenuator is turned ON. Appears when the attenuator is ON. ï Noise blanker The noise blanker reduces pulse-type noise such as that generated by automobile ignition systems. q Push the [NB] switch to turn the noise blanker ON. · [NB] indicator appears. w Push the [NB] for 1 sec. to enter the noise blanker level setting condition. e Rotate the channel selector to adjust the noise blanker level. r Push [NB] to exit the setting condition. t Push [NB] again to turn the noise blanker function OFF. · [NB] indicator disappears. [NB] switch Appears when the noise blanker is ON. · When using the noise blanker, received signals may be distorted if they are excessively strong. · The noise blanker function in AM mode can be deactivated depending on initial set mode setting. (p. 31) 19 4 OPERATION ï Meter peak hold The meter peak hold function freezes the highest displayed bar segment in any meter function for about 0.5 sec. so that you can more easily read the meter. This function can be turned ON and OFF in initial set mode. (p. 31) Initial reception of a signal results in an S-meter reading of 40 dB. The highest indicated bar remains displayed for 0.5 sec. even when the signal strength decreases. ï IF shift function The IF shift function electronically narrows the passband frequency of the IF (intermediate frequency) and cuts out higher or lower frequency components of the IF to reject interference. The function shifts the IF frequency up to ±1.2 KHz in SSB/CW/RTTY modes and up ±250 Hz in CW-narrow/RTTY narrow modes. The IF shift is not available in AM mode. Both controls at center position SHIFT IF SHIFT OPERATION EXAMPLE · Adjust the [SHIFT] control for a minimum interference signal level. · When IF shift is used, the audio tone may be changed. · Set the IF shift control to its center position when there is no interference. Cutting higher passbands SHIFT Cutting a lower passband SHIFT Passband Interference Passband Interference IF center frequency Desired signal Desired signal 20 OPERATION 4 s Filter selection The filter selection switches the IF passband width as shown in the table at right. The filter selection is for temporal setting. q Select the desired mode programmed channel. (p. 13) w Push [SET] for 1 sec. to enter quick set mode. e Push [UP Y] or [Z DN] several times until "FILTER" appears on the display. r Rotate the channel selector to select desired passband width. · Either " " or " " does not appear while the normal filter is selected. ·" " appears when the wide filter is selected. ·" " appears when the narrow filter is selected. · Optional filter variations Name FL-52A FL-53A FL-96 FL-222 FL-257 Band width 500 Hz/­6dB 250 Hz/­6dB 2.8 KHz/­6dB 1.8 KHz/­6dB 3.3 KHz/­6dB Mode CW/RTTY-N CW/RTTY-N SSB-W SSB-N SSB-W When an optional filter is installed, set the optional filter in initial set mode. An optional filter is not selected by default. t Push [SET] to exit quick set mode. · Filter construction (Rx) 2nd IF signal CFWS450HT (6 kHz)*3 Through FL-65 (2.4 kHz)*1 FL-257 (3.3 kHz)*2 FL-96 (2.8 kHz)*2 FL-222 (1.8 kHz)*2 FL-52A (500 Hz)*2 FL-53A (250 Hz)*2 2nd IF signal/DET *1 AM; Narrow, SSB/CW/RTTY; Normal *2 OPTION *3 AM; Normal, SSB/CW/RTTY; Wide · Filter selection table no WIDE SSB NORMAL NARROW WIDE CW NORMAL NARROW WIDE RTTY NORMAL NARROW WIDE NORMAL NARROW 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz -- 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz -- 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz -- -- 6 kHz 2.4 kHz FL-52A 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 500 Hz* 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 500 Hz 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 500 Hz -- 6 kHz 2.4 kHz 500 Hz* FL-53A 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 250 Hz* 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 250 Hz 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 250 Hz -- 6 kHz 2.4 kHz 250 Hz* FL-96 6 kHz* 2.8 kHz 2.4 kHz -- 6 kHz* 2.8 kHz 2.4 kHz -- 6 kHz* 2.8 kHz 2.4 kHz -- -- 6 kHz 2.4 kHz 2.8 kHz* FL-222 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 1.8 kHz* 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 1.8 kHz 6 kHz* 2.4 kHz 1.8 kHz -- 6 kHz 2.4 kHz 1.8 kHz* FL-257 6 kHz* 3.3 kHz 2.4 kHz -- 6 kHz* 3.3 kHz 2.4 kHz -- 6 kHz* 3.3 kHz 2.4 kHz -- -- 6 kHz 2.4 kHz 3.3 kHz* AM *Can be used when the expanded filter selection is turned on in the initial set mode. (see next page) 21 4 OPERATION s Filter setting When an optional filter is installed, set the optional filters in initial set mode. Optional filters are not selected by default. (p. 33) D Optional filter setting q While pushing and holding [SET], push [PWR] to enter initial set mode. w Push [UP Y] or [Z DN] several times until "FIL" appears on the display. e Rotate the channel selector to select the installed filter. · "no," "52A," "53A," "96," "222" and "257" indicate no optional filter, FL-52A, FL-53A, FL-96, FL-222 and FL-257, respectively for 455 kHz IF filter selection. r Push [PWR] for 1 sec. to exit initial set mode.