User manual LOWRANCE LMS-160 MAP

LMS-160 and GlobalMap 1600 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS TM Copyright © 1998 Lowrance Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. GlobalMap 1600TM and LMS-160 are trademarks of Lowrance Electronics, Inc. Lowrance® is a registered trademark of Lowrance Electronics, Inc. WARNING! USE THIS UNIT ONLY AS AN AID TO NAVIGATION. A CAREFUL NAVIGATOR NEVER RELIES ON ONLY ONE METHOD TO OBTAIN POSITION INFORMATION. Never use this product while operating a vehicle. CAUTION When showing navigation data to a position (waypoint), this unit will show the shortest, most direct path to the waypoint. It provides navigation data to the waypoint regardless of obstructions. Therefore, the prudent navigator will not only take advantage of all available navigation tools when travelling to a waypoint, but will also visually check to make certain a clear, safe path to the waypoint is always available. The operating and storage temperature for your unit is from -4 degrees to +167 degrees Fahrenheit (-20 to +75 degrees Celsius). Extended storage temperatures higher or lower than specified will cause the liquid crystal display to fail. Neither this type of failure nor its consequences are covered by the warranty. For more information, consult the factory customer service department. All features and specifications subject to change without notice. Lowrance Electronics may find it necessary to change or end our policies, regulations, and special offers at any time. We reserve the right to do so without notice. All screens in this manual are simulated. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: · Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. · Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. · Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. · Consult the factory customer service department for help. Table of Contents INSTALLATION ................................................. 1 Mounting ........................................................ 1 Power Connections ........................................ 2 Cable Connections ........................................ 3 GlobalMap 1600 ....................................... 3 LMS-160 .................................................. 4 Antenna ........................................................ 5 Transducer ..................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION TO GPS ............................... 10 OPERATION ................................................... 12 Satellite Status Screen ................................ 13 Finding Your Position ................................... 14 Auto Search ........................................... 14 Manual Initialization ................................ 14 Position Acquisition ................................ 15 Modes ...................................................... 15 Navigation Screens ................................ 16 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) ...... 18 Map ...................................................... 18 Cursor ............................................... 19 Map Setup ........................................ 20 Change Maps ................................... 20 Map Options ........................................... 21 Map Orientation ................................ 21 Range Rings/Grid Lines ................... 22 Autozoom ......................................... 22 Map Details ............................................ 23 Earth Map On/Off ............................. 23 Text Labels ....................................... 23 Map Detail ........................................ 23 Gray Fill ............................................ 24 Map Boundaries ............................... 24 Map Symbols .................................... 24 Locations .......................................... 25 Contour Lines ................................... 25 Plot Trail Options .................................... 25 Clear Trail ......................................... 25 Flash Trail ......................................... 25 Show Trail ......................................... 25 Save Trail .......................................... 25 Update Trail ....................................... 26 ICONS ................................................... 26 MAP DOWNLOADING ........................... 28 WINDOWS ............................................. 29 Reprogram Window Groups ............. 34 Reprogram Boxes ............................. 35 RESET GROUPS .................................. 35 WAYPOINTS .......................................... 36 Waypoint Menu ................................. 36 Saving Your Present Position as a Waypoint (Quick Save Method) ........ 36 Saving The Cursor Position as a Waypoint ........................................... 36 Saving Your Present Position as a Waypoint (Select Number Method) ... 37 Saving a New Position ...................... 37 Waypoint Averaging .......................... 38 Project a Waypoint ............................ 38 Selecting a Waypoint ........................ 39 From List ....................................... 40 By Name ....................................... 40 Editing a Waypoint ............................ 40 Edit Position .................................. 40 Edit Name ..................................... 41 Edit Icon ........................................ 41 Delete a Waypoint ............................. 41 Delete All Waypoints ......................... 41 Move a Waypoint .............................. 41 Waypoint Options ............................. 42 WAYPOINT NAVIGATION ........................... 42 Navigate to a cursor location .................. 43 Navigate to a Waypoint using the Map ... 43 CANCEL NAVIGATION ............................... 43 ROUTES ..................................................... 44 Create a Route ....................................... 44 Add From Waypoint List .................... 44 Add From Map .................................. 45 Delete a Waypoint .................................. 45 Waypoint Statistics ................................. 45 Following a Route .................................. 46 Waypoint Information ........................ 47 Delete a Route ....................................... 47 SYSTEM SETUP ......................................... 48 Sound .................................................... 48 Contrast ................................................. 48 Backlight ................................................ 48 Set Local Time ....................................... 48 Units of Measure .................................... 49 NMEA / DGPS ....................................... 49 Configure NMEA Output ........................ 50 DGPS ..................................................... 50 Serial Communication Setup .................. 51 Reset Groups ......................................... 51 Reset Options ........................................ 51 System Info ............................................ 52 GPS SETUP ................................................ 52 Position Format ...................................... 52 DATUM ................................................... 53 Map Fix .................................................. 53 PCF (Position Correction Factor) ............ 54 POSITION PINNING .............................. 55 GPS ALARMS ............................................. 56 DGPS MESSAGES ..................................... 57 SUN/MOON CALCULATOR ........................ 57 SIMULATOR ................................................ 58 Table of Contents SONAR OPERATION ...................................... 59 Sonar Modes ............................................... 59 Full Chart ............................................... 59 Split Chart .............................................. 59 Digital/Chart ........................................... 59 Automatic ..................................................... 60 Sonar Options .............................................. 60 Sensitivity ............................................... 60 Grayline .................................................. 61 Adjust Surface Clarity (SCC) .................. 61 ASP (Advanced Signal Processing) ....... 62 Range - Automatic ................................. 62 Manual .............................................. 63 Chart Options ......................................... 63 Chart Speed ..................................... 63 Chart Stop ........................................ 63 Upper and Lower Limits ......................... 64 Zoom ...................................................... 64 Fish ID ................................................... 65 FISHTRACKTM ....................................... 65 Chart Display ......................................... 66 Zoom Bar .......................................... 66 Zone Bar ........................................... 67 Chart Cursor .......................................... 67 Digital Sonar .......................................... 67 Alarms .................................................... 68 Depth Alarms .................................... 68 Zone Alarm ....................................... 69 Fish Alarm ........................................ 69 Keel Offset ............................................. 69 Calibrate Speed ..................................... 70 SONAR TROUBLESHOOTING ....................... 71 UPS Return Service ........................................ 74 Warranty ...................................................... 76 Datum List ...................................................... 77 Notes: Thank you for purchasing a Lowrance product! You won't find another combination GPS and sonar unit with these features and power for the money! Each of our products is designed and manufactured to precision tolerances for long life under extreme conditions. We hope that you'll enjoy this product for years. This manual covers both the Lowrance LMS-160 and GlobalMap 1600. Both have 12-channel GPS receivers, however, the LMS-160 also has a sonar built into the unit. The installation of these two products vary due to this difference, otherwise the operation of the two units (except for sonar) is virtually identical. No matter which unit you own, please read the installation section carefully, especially the transducer section. Many times future trouble can be avoided by carefully locating and wiring the equipment. If you do have problems, please read the troubleshooting section in the back of this manual. You may find the solution to your problem there. The Lowrance customer service department also has representatives available to answer your questions on our toll-free telephone lines. See the back page of this manual for more information. We want your experience with our equipment to be a happy one. Good luck, and good fishing. INSTALLATION Mounting - All Units Install the unit in any convenient location, provided there is clearance behind it when it is tilted for the best viewing angle. Holes in the bracket base allow wood screw or through-bolt mounting. You may need to place a piece of plywood on the back of thin fiberglass panels to secure the mounting hardware. Make certain there is enough room behind the unit to attach the power and transducer cables. The gimbal bracket will also accept the GBSA-1 swivel bracket adapter that lets you rotate the unit a full 360°. The smallest hole that allows one power connector to pass through is 3/ 4". After the hole is drilled, push other connectors up through the hole first, then drop the power cable down through it. 1 Power Connections - All Units This unit works from a twelve-volt battery system. For the best results, attach the power cable directly to the battery. You can attach the power cable to an accessory or power buss, however you may have problems with electrical interference. Therefore, it's safer to go ahead and attach the power cable directly to the battery. If the cable is not long enough, splice #18 gauge wire onto it. The power cable has two wires, red and black. Red is the positive lead, black is negative or ground. Make certain to attach the in-line fuse holder to the red lead as close to the power source as possible. For example, if you have to extend the power cable to the battery or power buss, attach one end of the fuse holder directly to the battery or power buss. This will protect both the unit and the power cable in the event of a short. Use a 3-amp fuse. IMPORTANT! Do not use this product without a 3-amp fuse wired into the power cable! Failure to use a 3-amp fuse will void your warranty. GLOBALMAP-1600 POWER CONNCECTIONS RED BLACK 3-AMP FUSE 12-VOLT BATTERY LMS-160 POWER CONNCECTIONS RED BLACK 3-AMP FUSE TO TRANSDUCER 12-VOLT BATTERY 2 If possible, route the unit's power cable and transducer cable away from other wiring. VHF radio antenna cables radiate noise when transmitting, so be certain to keep the sonar's wires away from it. You may need to route the sonar unit's power cable directly to the battery to isolate it from other wiring on the boat. CABLE CONNECTIONS - GlobalMap 1600 Only LOWRANCE RED (+12 VDC) GREEN (NMEA RECEIVE) BLACK (GROUND) WHITE (NMEA TRANSMIT) ANTENNA 3 CABLE CONNECTIONS - LMS-160 Only LOWRANCE POWER/ TRANSDUCER CABLE BLACK (GROUND) See Note 1 NMEA ADAPTER CABLE RED GREEN (NMEA RECEIVE) BLACK TO +12 VDC WHITE (NMEA TRANSMIT) TO SPEED/TEMP SENSOR (OPTIONAL) TO TRANSDUCER ANTENNA Notes 1. If the NMEA wires are not used, then the NMEA adapter cable is not required. The speed/temperature sensor's cable can be attached directly to the LMS-160. 4 GPS Antenna Installation - All Units The antenna can be mounted on any flat surface, provided you have access behind the surface for the mounting screws. A magnet is also supplied that can be epoxied to the bottom of the antenna. A pole mount adapter lets you mount the antenna on a pole or swivel mount that uses standard 1" - 14 threads. The antenna has 25 feet of cable. Do not cut or splice this cable. Surface Mount The antenna can be easily installed on any flat surface that is at least 90 mm (3 1/2") wide. Make certain that a clear view of the sky is available at the selected location. Since the GPS signals travel "line-of-sight", nearly anything blocking the antenna can potentially obstruct the unit from finding a satellite. Do not mount it in front of radar antennas. They radiate high energy that can interfere with the GPS signal. Once you've determined the mounting location, use the template on page 51 in this manual to drill the holes for the screws. The screws, supplied with this antenna, are 4mm x 30mm. (about 1 1/8" long). Drill 4.75 mm (3/ 16") holes for the mounting screws. If you route the cable through the mounting surface, you'll need to drill a 25 mm (1") hole for the cable. There is a notch in the antenna housing that allows the cable to pass through to the outside, instead of routing it through the mounting surface. After drilling the holes, pass the o-ring over the antenna cable and press it into the groove on the bottom of the antenna housing. Now attach the antenna to the mounting surface, using 4mm screws and the supplied lock washers. Route the cable to the GPS receiver and the antenna installation is finished. 5 Magnet Mount A magnet lets you temporarily mount the antenna on any ferrous metal surface. (such as a car) To use the magnet, simply epoxy it to the bottom of the antenna, using the epoxy supplied with your antenna. Carefully follow the instructions on the epoxy package and apply it to the magnet. Then carefully press the magnet to the bottom of the antenna housing. After the epoxy cures (in about 30 minutes), the antenna is ready for use. Pole Mount The antenna attaches to the pole mount adapter with the supplied 4 mm screws. You can route the antenna cable through the slot in the side of the antenna, or pass it down through the pole mount adapter. A slot next to the threads in the pole mount adapter places the cable next to the pole where it can be easily routed down the pole to the GPS receiver. The threads on the pole mount adapter accept a standard marine antenna mount. MAGNET POLE MOUNT SPEED/TEMPERATURE SENSOR - LMS-160 ONLY If you're installing a temperature or speed/temperature sensor, read the sensor's mounting instructions before making the installation. Route the sensor's cable directly to the LMS-160 and plug it into the connector on the NMEA/DGPS cable. The speed/temp sensor plugs into the optional SAM sonar module on the GlobalMap 1600. TRANSDUCER INSTALLATION - LMS-160 ONLY (Note: A transducer is not included with all units. You may need to purchase the transducer separately.) The HS-WSBK supplied with this unit is a transom mount transducer. It can be installed on any outboard or stern-drive (inboard\outboard) powered boat. It can also be permanently installed inside the boat to "shootthrough" the hull on some fiberglass boats. The "kick-up" mounting bracket helps prevent damage if the transducer strikes an object while the boat is moving. If the transducer does "kickup", the bracket can easily be pushed back in place without tools. 6 Read this section carefully before attempting the installation. Determine which of the mounting positions is right for your boat. Remember, the transducer location is the most critical part of a sonar installation. Location - General 1. The transducer must be placed in a location that has a smooth flow of water at all times. If the transducer is not placed in a smooth flow of water, interference will show on the sonar's display in the form of random lines or dots whenever the boat is moving. 2. The transducer should be installed with it's face pointing straight down, if possible. 3. Make certain the transducer's location doesn't interfere with the trailer or hauling of the boat. Also, don't mount it closer than approximately one foot from the engine's lower unit. This will prevent cavitation interference with the propeller. Typically, the transducer should be mounted as deep in the water as possible. This increases the chance that it will be in the water in high speed and reduces the possiblity of air bubble interference. POOR LOCATION POOR ANGLE GOOD LOCATION 4. If possible, route the transducer cable away from other wiring on the boat. Electrical interference from VHF radio, engine wiring, bilge pumps, and areators can be displayed on the sonar's screen. Use caution when routing the transducer cable around these wires. CAUTION! CLAMP THE TRANSDUCER CABLE TO TRANSOM NEAR THE TRANSDUCER. THIS WILL HELP PREVENT THE TRANSDUCER FROM ENTERING THE BOAT IF IT IS KNOCKED OFF AT HIGH SPEED. GOOD LOCATION 7 Transducer Assembly and Mounting The best way to install this transducer is to loosely assemble all of the parts first, then place the transducer's bracket against the transom and see if you can move the transducer so that it's parallel with the ground. 1. Press the two small plastic ratchets into the sides of the metal bracket as shown below. Notice there are letters molded into each ratchet. Place each ratchet into the bracket with the letter "A" aligned with the dot stamped into the metal bracket. This position sets the transducer's coarse angle adjustment for a fourteen (14) degree transom. Most outboard and stern-drive transoms have a fourteen degree angle. DOT 2. Slide the transducer between the two ratchets. Temporally slide the bolt though the transducer assembly and hold it against the transom. Looking at the transducer from the side, check to see if it will adjust so that its face is parallel to the ground. If it does, then the "A" position is correct for your hull. If the transducer's face isn't parallel with the ground, remove the transducer and ratchets from the bracket. Place the ratchets into the holes in the bracket with the letter "B" aligned with the dot stamped in the bracket. Reassemble the transducer and bracket and place them against the transom. Again, check to see if you can move the transducer so it's parallel with the ground. If it does, then go to step 3. If it doesn't, repeat step 2, but use a different letter until you can place the transducer on the transom correctly. RATCHETS 8 3. Once you determine the correct position for the ratchets, assemble the transducer as shown below. Don't tighten the lock nut at this time. METAL WASHER NUT RUBBER WASHERS BOLT METAL WASHER 4. Hold the transducer and bracket assembly against the transom. The transducer should be roughly parallel to the ground. The bottom of the transducer bracket should be in line with the bottom of the hull. Don't let the bracket extend below the hull! Mark the center of the slots for the mounting holes. Drill two 5/32" holes in the marked locations for the #10 screws supplied with the transducer. TRANSOM SIDE VIEW 5. Attach the transducer to the transom. Slide the transducer up or down until it's aligned properly on the transom as shown above. Tighten the bracket's mounting screws. Adjust the transducer so that it's parallel to the ground and tighten the lock nut until it touches the flat washer, then add 1/4 turn. Don't over tighten the lock nut! If you do, the transducer won't "kick-up" if it strikes an object in the water. 9 6. Route the transducer cable to the sonar unit. If possible, route the transducer cable away from other wiring on the boat. Electrical noise from the engine's wiring, bilge pumps, VHF radio wires and cables, and aerators can be picked up by the sonar. Use caution when routing the transducer cable around these wires. IMPORTANT! Clamp the transducer cable to the transom close to the transducer. This can prevent the transducer from entering the boat if it is knocked off at high speed. 7. Make a test run to determine the results. If the bottom is lost at high speed, or if noise appears on the display, try sliding the transducer bracket down. This puts the transducer deeper into the water, hopefully below the turbulence causing the noise. Don't allow the transducer bracket to go below the bottom of the hull! Periodically wash the transducer's face with soap and water to remove any oil film that may collect. Oil and dirt on the face will reduce the sensitivity or may even prevent operation. INTRODUCTION TO GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the United States Department of Defense as a 24-hour a day, 365 days a year global navigation system for the military. Civilian availability was added (but with less accuracy) using the same satellites. Twenty-four satellites orbit the Earth. Three of these satellites are spares, unused until needed. The rest virtually guarantee that at least four satellites are in view nearly anywhere on Earth at all times. The system requires three satellites in order to determine a position. This is called a 2D fix. It takes four satellites to determine both position and elevation, (your height above sea level - also called altitude.) called a 3D fix. Remember, the unit must have a clear view of the satellites in order to receive their signals. Unlike radio or television, GPS works at very high frequencies. The signals can be blocked easily by trees, buildings, even your body. Never use this GPS receiver while operating a vehicle! Like most GPS receivers, this unit doesn't have a compass or any other navigation aid built inside. It relies solely on the signals from the satellites 10 to calculate a position. Speed, direction of travel, and distance are all calculated from position information. Therefore, in order for it to determine direction of travel, you must be moving and the faster, the better. This is not to say that it won't work at trolling speeds - it will. There will simply be more "wandering" of the data shown on the display. Another factor that greatly influences the receiver's ability to determine position is SA. The United States government intentionally degrades the satellite's signal for civilian users. They introduce small errors into the signals that makes the GPS receiver less accurate. These errors are called selective availability, or SA. How bad is it? They guarantee that the position reported by a GPS receiver that meets their specifications is within 100 meters horizontally and 150 meters vertically 95% of the time. (The position can be worse than that the other 5% of the time.) In other words, the position shown on your receiver is within 100 meters of your actual position, 95% of the time. That's over 300 feet! Not exactly pinpoint accuracy, but then few people need positioning accuracy greater than this. However, if you do want better performance, (and who doesn't?) many manufacturers (including Lowrance) sell a DGPS receiver that attaches to your GPS receiver. The DGPS system transmits correction signals that nullify the effects of SA. The DGPS receiver takes signals from these land-based transmitters and gives them to the GPS receiver which then uses them to show a more accurate position. The ironic part is the federal government implemented SA and is also operating many DGPS transmitters. (You can use the signals from all of the Coast Guard DGPS stations for free, by the way.) The downside to this is it requires another piece of electronic gear (the DGPS receiver). And you have to be close enough to a station to receive the DGPS signals. Generally, you find that using your GPS receiver without DGPS is both easy and amazingly accurate. It's easily the most accurate method of electronic navigation available to the general public today. Remember, however, that this receiver is only a tool. Always have another method of navigation available, such as a chart or map and a compass. Also remember that this unit will always show navigation information in the shortest line from your present position to a waypoint, regardless of terrain! It only calculates position, it can't know what's between you and your camp, for example. It's up to you to safely navigate around obstacles, no matter how you're using this product. 11 GPS OPERATION There are 12 keys on the keyboard. You can navigate through the menus, adjust the chart's cursor, and enter data using the arrow keys. The five major modes of operation are accessed using the PAGES key. Press the MENU key to select or adjust a feature from a list. The Z-IN and Z-OUT keys zoom-in or zoom-out the view on the plotter screen. The ENT and EXIT keys are used to enter or clear data or screens. Save and edit waypoints using the WPT key. The PWR key turns the unit on and off. Pressing it once while the unit is operating turns on the screen's backlight. To prevent an accidental shutdown, you must hold the PWR key down for a few seconds to turn the unit off. LOWRANCE ZOUT PAGES MENU ENT ZIN WPT EXIT PWR Most of the unit's features are found on "menus'. You can view the menus by pressing the MENU key. This product has "Intelligent Menus". There are many menus that pertain to only the sonar, for example. When you press the MENU key and the sonar is showing, menu items for the sonar show in addition to the normal menus. For example, if the sonar is showing, and you press the MENU key, GPS map items won't show on the list. This helps you find the needed item without scrolling through unnecessary menus. 12 To turn the unit on, simply press the PWR key. A GPS logo screen appears, then the screen similar to the one at right appears. Read the message on the screen, then press the EXIT key to erase it or wait a few seconds and it automatically clears. The screen shown below appears next. This screen appears each time you turn the unit on. It shows a graphical view of the satellites that are in view. Each satellite is shown on the circular chart relative to your position. The point in the center of the chart is directly overhead. The small inner ring represents 45° above the horizon and the large ring represents the horizon. North is at the top of the screen. You can use this to see which satellites are obstructed by obstacles in your immediate area if you hold the unit facing north. The GPS receiver is tracking satellites that are surrounded by a black box. The receiver hasn't locked onto a satellite if it's number isn't surrounded by a box, therefore it isn't being used to solve the position. Beneath the circular graph are the bar graphs, one for each satellite in view. Since the unit has twelve channels, it can dedicate one channel per visible satellite. Therefore, if only six satellites are visible, only six bar charts show at the bottom of the screen. The wider the bar on the graph, the better the unit is receiving the signals from the satellite. The number in the upper left corner is the "expected horizontal position error" or expected error from a benchmark location. In other words, if the expected error shows 50 feet, then the position shown by the unit is estimated to be within 50 feet of the actual location. However, this number is only valid if you're using DGPS or if S/A is turned off. Due to S/A, the accuracy can only be less than 100 meters, 95% of the time, per U.S. government specifications. Although the expected error is not accurate unless you have a DGPS receiver, it does give you an indicator of the fix quality the unit currently has. The smaller the expected error number, the better (and more accurate) the fix is. If the expected error flashes, then the unit hasn't locked onto the satellites, and the number shown isn't valid. A light bulb indicator at the top right corner of the screen appears when the backlights are on. 13 FINDING YOUR POSITION Auto Search To lock onto the satellites, the GPS receiver needs to know it's current position, UTC time, and date. (Elevation (altitude) is also used in the equation, but it's rarely required to determine a position.) It needs this data so that it can calculate which satellites should be in view. It then searches for only those satellites. When your GPS receiver is turned on for the first time, it doesn't know what your position or elevation (altitude) is. It does know the current UTC time and date since these were programmed into it at the factory and an internal clock keeps the time while the unit is turned off. It begins searching for the satellites using the above data that it acquired the last time it was turned on. This probably was at the factory. Since it's almost certain that you're not at our factory, it's probably looking for the wrong satellites. If it doesn't find the satellites it's looking for after five minutes, it switches to Auto Search. The receiver looks for any satellite in the sky. Due to advanced technology, the auto search time has shrunk to about five minutes, so the longest time you should ever have to wait is ten minutes from the time you turn the unit on until it locks onto the satellites and shows a position. Once the unit locks onto the satellites, it should take less than a minute to find your position the next time it's turned on, provided you haven't moved more than approximately 100 miles from the last location it was used. Manual Initialization If you don't want to wait for the Auto Search, then you may be able to speed up the initialization process by using the manual initialization feature. Using this feature tells the unit it's approximate position. Once it knows it's location, it determines exactly which satellites should be in view and starts looking only for those satellites. To manually initialize the unit, press the MENU key. Now press the down arrow key until the "GPS SETUP" label is highlighted. Press the right arrow key. The "INITIALIZE GPS" label is highlighted. Press the right arrow key again. A screen similar to the one at right appears. Use the arrow keys to move the crosshairs to your approximate location on the map. You can use the ZIN and ZOUT keys to enlarge the map which makes it easier and faster to find your location. The box at the top of the screen shows the latitude and longitude of the cursor position, along with the distance and bearing from the last known position. Once you have the crosshairs on your location, press the ENT key. The unit returns to the satellite status screen. 14 Using the manual initialization method loads a position that's close to yours into the GPS receiver. It should now have position, time, and date, thereby giving it the data it needs to determine which satellites are in view. Once the satellites are known, the receiver searches for only those satellites, making a lock faster than an auto search method. All position and navigation data flashes until the unit acquires a position. Do not rely on any data that is flashing! When the numbers are flashing, they represent the last known values when the unit lost it's lock on the satellites. Position Aquisition When the receiver locks onto the satellites and calculates a position, it shows the message "Position Acquired" on the screen. Once the unit has acquired the satellites and the position acquired message appears, it's ready for use. (Note: The altitude data may still flash even if the unit shows a "Position Acquired" message and all other data is not flashing. The unit must be locked onto at least four satellites to determine altitude. It only takes three satellites to determine position. You can navigate with this unit if the altitude is flashing, simply ignore the altitude display until it quits flashing.) REMEMBER, DO NOT NAVIGATE WITH THIS UNIT UNTIL THE NUMBERS STOP FLASHING! MODES The LMS-160 has five modes: status, navigation, sonar, map, and window groups. The GlobalMap 1600 has four - no sonar mode. Use the PAGES and arrow keys to switch between the different screens. The four GPS screens that show by default are shown at the top of the next page. (See the sonar section in this manual for information on sonar operation.) To change modes, simply press the PAGES key. A screen similar to the one at right appears. Use the up or down arrow keys to change modes. (The windows mode is shown as "groups". Group "A" is the first windows group.) Press the right arrow key while the above menu is showing to switch between different versions of each mode. When the desired screen appears, press the EXIT key to erase the menu. 15 STATUS NAVIGATION SONAR (GLOBALMAP 1600 ONLY) MAPPING WINDOW GROUPS Navigation There are two different navigation screens. Nav screen number one shows a graphical view of your trip, Nav screen number 2 shows all navigation details in large digital numbers. You can also customize both navigation screens to show data other than the default. See the "Programming Boxes" section for more information. Nav-1 This screen has a compass rose that shows not only your direction of travel, but also the direction to a recalled waypoint. The navigation screen looks like the one at right when you're not navigating to a waypoint. Your position is shown by an arrow in the center of the screen. Your trail history, or path you've taken is depicted by the line extending from the arrow. The arrow pointing down at the top of the compass rose indicates the current track (direction of travel) you are taking. This is also shown in the "TRK" (track) box in the upper right corner of the screen. On the example shown at right, the track is 240°. The current ground speed (GS) shows in the box in the lower center of this screen. When navigating to a waypoint, Nav screen number one looks like the one at the top of the next page. Bearing to the destination waypoint is in the box in the upper left corner. Bearing is also shown by the large arrow 16 pointing up towards the compass, above the present position arrow. Distance from the present position to the waypoint (DIS) shows beneath the compass on the lower left side of the screen. Next to the distance box is estimated time enroute (ETE). This is the estimated time that it will take you to arrive at the destination, based upon current track and ground speed. In the lower right corner is the course (CRS) box showing the direction from your starting position to the waypoint. Remember, a course is a proposed path from the starting position to the destination. Track is your actual direction of travel. Lines on either side of the present position show the current cross track error range. Cross track error is the distance you are off-course to the side of the desired course line. The course line is an imaginary line drawn from your position when you started navigating to the destination waypoint. It's shown on the screen as a vertical dotted line. The default for the cross track error range is 0.20 mile. For example, if the present position symbol touches the right cross track error line, then you are .25 mile to the right of the desired course. You need to steer left to return to the desired course. You can use the ZIN or ZOUT keys to change the cross track error range. A circle depicting your destination (waypoint) appears on the screen as you approach the waypoint as shown on the screen at right. Nav-2 This navigation screen shows all navigation information in large digital numbers. To view this screen, press the PAGES key, then press the up arrow key until the "NAV 1" label is highlighted. While it's highlighted, press the right arrow key. The screen shown at right appears. Press the EXIT key to erase the menu. This screen is composed of eight digital boxes. Track (TRK) and ground speed (GS) data are the only ones that show data if you're not navigating to a waypoint. If you are navigating to a waypoint, then bearing (BRG), distance to waypoint (DIS), estimated time en route (ETE), cross track error (XTK), estimated time of arrival (ETA), and the CDI also operate. 17 Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) Once navigation to a waypoint is established, the CDI shows your distance to the left or right of the desired course. The vertical line in the box shows both the direction you must steer to get back on course and the distance to the course line. For example, if you're travelling straight towards the destination, from the start, then the line stays in the center. If you drift off course to the right, the line moves to the left. This signifies that you need to steer to the left to get back on course. This is called "chasing the needle". If you steer towards the line (needle), you'll always be heading in the correct direction to get back on course. The CDI's range shows beneath the CDI label. On the above screen, the CDI range is .20 mile, which is the default. You can adjust the range by selecting "ALARMS" on the main menu, then "GPS ALARMS". Highlight the "CDI DIS" label, then use the left or right arrow key to adjust it. The CDI range is also shown by the dotted lines at the far left and right side of the CDI indicator. If the solid line is on either of the dotted lines, then you are 0.20 mile off course. Remember, if the line moves to the left, then you are too far to the right of the desired course line and vice-versa. Using the CDI with a mapping screen helps you visualize your position in relation to the course. The screen on the right shows that we are off course to the right. The vertical bar has moved to the left side of the CDI, showing the direction to the desired course line. The CDI gives you a quick, easy to read visual indicator of your relationship between your direction of travel and the desired direction. Map This unit has a ground map of the world built inside. This map has the majority of its detail in far southern Canada, the continental United States and Hawaiian islands, northern Mexico, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. The map screens show your course and track from a "birds-eye" view. If you're navigating to a waypoint, the map shows your starting location, present position, course line, and destination. You don't have to navigate to a waypoint, however, to use the map. Using the map is as simple as pressing the PAGES key, then highlighting "MAP 1". A screen similar to the one at right appears. The arrow flashing in the center of the screen is your present 18 position. It points in the direction you're travelling. The solid line extending from the arrow is your plot trail, or path you've taken. The plotter's range shows in the lower left corner of the screen. In this example, the plotter's range is four miles from the left edge of the map to the right. MAP-1 MAP-2 MAP-3 There are three different mapping screens. To view the other map screens, press the PAGES key, highlight the MAP label, and press the right arrow key until the desired map screen appears. Press the EXIT key to erase the menu. Map-2 has navigation data added at the right side. The data includes bearing to waypoint (BRG), track (TRK), distance to waypoint (DIS), ground speed (GS), a steering arrow (shows the direction to the destination when the top of the screen is pointing in your direction of travel), and a CDI. Map-3 is similar to Map-2, except it shows sonar data on the right side. When the MENU key is pressed while Map-3 is showing, the screen shown at right appears. The "ACTIVE MODE" menu at the top of this screen lets you switch the arrow and zoom keys between the GPS side and the sonar side of Map-3. The Z-IN and Z-OUT keys zoom-in and out all maps to enlarge or reduce their coverage area. The available ranges are: 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, and 4000 miles. Cursor Pressing an arrow key turns on two dotted lines that intersect at the present position symbol. These lines are called a "cursor" and have a variety of uses. To turn the cursor on, simply press the arrow key in the direction you want the cursor to move. This lets you view areas on the plotter that are away 19 from your present position. The zoom-in and zoom-out keys work from the cursor's position when it's active - not the present position. You can zoom in on any detail, anywhere. The cursor can also place icons and waypoints. When the cursor is used with map-1, it's position, bearing, and distance from your present position show at the top of the screen. Cursor Distance You can use the cursor to find the distance between two points. While the cursor is showing, press the MENU key, then select "FIND DISTANCE". The unit returns to the mapping screen. Now move the cursor to the first location that you want to measure the distance from and press the ENT key. Now move the cursor to the position that you want to measure the distance to. A line is drawn from the point when the ENT key was pressed to the cursor's present location. The distance covered by the line shows at the top of the screen. To measure another two points, simply move the cursor and press the ENT key. Press the EXIT key to erase the cursor. The unit centers your present position on the screen after erasing the cursor. MAP SETUP The map has many customization options. To change them, first press the MENU key while a map is showing on the screen. The map setup label is highlighted. Press the right arrow key. A screen similar to the one at right appears. Change Maps Changes made to the map using the options in the Map Setup is normally made to all map screens. The change can be limited to the map screen currently in use, however, by switching the "All Maps" to "This Map" in the "Change" menu. To do this, simply highlight the "Change" label, then press the right arrow key. To switch back, repeat the above. 20 Map Options The following map options are listed under the "Map Options" menu: Map Orientation, Auto Zoom, Range Rings, and Latitude/Longitude Grids. Map Orientation By default, this receiver shows the map with north always at the top of the screen. This is the way most maps and charts are printed on paper. This is fine if you're always travelling due north. What you see to your left corresponds to the left side of the map, to your right is shown on the right side of the map, and so on. However, if you travel any other direction, the map doesn't line up with your view of the world. To correct this problem, a track-up mode rotates the map as you turn. Thus, what you see on the left side of the screen should always be to your left, and so on. A course-up mode keeps the map at the same orientation as the initial bearing to the waypoint. NORTH-UP TRACK-UP COURSE-UP In the north-up view shown at left, we're travelling east. In this view, the present position indicator appears to move towards the right side of the screen. In the track-up view, the present position moves straight towards the top of the display. A "N" shows to help you see which direction is north when the track-up mode is on. Remember, in the track-up mode, the screen rotates as you change direction. It always keeps your direction of travel (track) heading towards the top of the screen. In the course-up mode, the screen is locked into your original bearing to the recalled waypoint, regardless of your track. To select the desired mode, first press the MENU key, select "MAP 1 SETUP", then select "MAP OPTIONS". Finally, select "ORIENTATION" and press the right or left arrow key until the desired mode appears. Press the EXIT key to erase this menu. 21 Range Rings/Grid Lines The map screen can be customized with rings that are 1/4 of the range and/or grids that divide the plotter into equal segments of latitude and longitude. To do this, press the MENU key, select "Map 1 Setup", then "Map Options". Highlight the desired option, then press the right arrow key to turn it on. Press the EXIT key repeatedly to erase the menus. The screen at right shows grids. AUTOZOOM This receiver has an autozoom feature that eliminates much of the button pushing that competitive units force you to make. It works in conjunction with the navigation features. First, recall a waypoint. (See the waypoint section for more information on navigating to a waypoint.) Then, with the autozoom mode on, the unit zooms out until the entire course shows, from the present position to the destination waypoint (recalled waypoint). As you travel towards the destination, the unit automatically begins zooming in, one zoom range at a time, keeping the destination on the screen. The screens below show a slice of the progression of a trip near a lake. Screen number one is the start and is on the 3 mile range. Intermediate stages progressively zoom in as it gets closer to the destination. 1 2 3 4 5 22 MAP DETAILS This unit lets you change many of the built-in background map's features. To change the options, first press the MENU key, then select the Map Details label. Press the right arrow key. The screen shown at right appears. Earth Map On/Off The map can be turned on or off using the "All Map Details" label. Simply highlight the menu, then press the left arrow key to turn it off. EARTH MAP ON EARTH MAP OFF Text Labels Select "Map Text" to turn all names on the map (such as Lake Tahoe or Mississippi River) off or on. The default is "on". Press the left arrow key to turn them off. Map Detail The detail shown on the background map diminishes as the screen is zoomed out. This prevents cluttering of the display, or overlapping of text and graphics which can make it unreadable. There are two detail levels: normal and high. The difference between the two shows below. The screen on the left is normal detail, on the right is high detail. Both screens are on the 10 mile range. NORMAL DETAIL HIGH DETAIL To change the map's detail setting, select "Map Detail Level" from the map details menu, then press the right arrow key. 23 Gray Fill When this unit is first turned on, all water (lakes, oceans, rivers) is filled with gray to distinguish it from land, which is clear. (See below) To make the land fill with gray and water remain clear, select the "Fill with Gray" label from the Map Detail menu, then press the left arrow key. Press the EXIT key repeatedly to return to the mapping screen. WATER FILLED WITH GRAY LAND FILLED WITH GRAY Map Boundaries By default, this unit draws a line around areas of the map that have more detail than the background map. This line depicts the detailled map boundaries. To turn this off, select "Map Bounds" from the map details menu, then press the left arrow key. Map Symbols When the nav aid data is downloaded to this unit, buoys and other navigational aids can be turned off or on by using "Map Symbols" on the "Map Details" menu. To find this menu, press the down arrow key while on the "Map Details" menu until "Map Symbols" appears. Press the left arrow key to turn them off. LIGHTED BUOY UNLIGHTED BUOY LIGHT SQUARE DAYBEACON TRIANGLE DAYBEACON INTERSTATE HIGHWAY U.S. ROUTE HIGHWAY U.S. ALTERNATE ROUTE HWY. STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROUTE TRANS-CANADA HIGHWAY RADIO BEACON PLATFORM CANADIAN (QUEBEC) AUTOROUTE MEXICAN FEDERAL HWY. 24 Locations Normally, text disappears as you zoom out. This declutters the screen, making it easier to see significant map detail. Turning "LOCATION DOTS" on from the Map Details menu places a dot on the screen where a text label should be when the screen is zoomed out. Contour Lines Some nav aid data shows depth contour lines in navigable waters. To turn these lines off, select "Contour Lines" from the "Map Detail" menu. Press the left arrow key to turn them off. Press the EXIT key to erase the menu. PLOT TRAIL The line extending from the present position symbol is called a plot trail. You can customize the plot trail and save trails using the trail options menu. To use it, press the MENU key, select "MAP SETUP", then "TRAIL OPTIONS". The screen at right appears. Clear Trail To erase the current plot trail from the screen, select Clear Trail from the Trail Options menu. A message appears, asking if you really want to erase the plot trail. Follow the instructions on the screen. When the trail is erased, the unit returns to the map screen. Flash Trail By default, the plot trail flashes once per second. This typically makes it easier to see the plot trail against the background map. To turn the flashing off, select "FLASH TRAIL" from the trail options menu. Press the left arrow key to turn it off. Trails Shown The current plot trail shows on the map by default. To place a previously saved trail onto the plotter, choose "TRAILS SHOWN" from the Trail Options menu. The screen shown at right appears. Highlight the desired trail on this screen, then press the right arrow key to select it. Press the EXIT key to erase this menu. The selected plot trail shows on the plotter. Save a Trail This unit automatically saves the current plot trail in memory when you turn it off. You can save two other trails in memory. To save your current 25 plot trail in a specific memory location, choose "SAVE TRAIL" from the "TRAIL OPTIONS" menu. A new screen appears. Highlight the desired number that you wish to save the current trail under, (i.e. "Trail 1 or Trail 2) and press the right arrow key. Your current trail is saved. Press the EXIT key to erase this menu. Update Options By default, the plotter places a dot on the screen every 3 seconds to create the plot trail. You can change this time from once per second to once every thirty minutes. The plot trail can also be updated by distance instead of by time. The distance update rate can be set from 0.01 to once every 10 miles. From the trail options menu, choose "UPDATE OPTIONS". Select "UPDATE TRAIL BY" to change the update from time to distance. To change the rate or distance, simply select either the "UPDATE RATE" or `UPDATE DIS" menus as appropriate, use the left or right arrow keys to adjust it, then press the EXIT key to erase the menu. ICONS The plotter has 28 symbols or "icons" available that can be placed anywhere on the screen. They can be used to mark fishing or hunting locations, landmarks, boat ramps, and virtually any point of interest. An icon can be placed at your present position or at the cursor's location. To place an icon at your present position, simply press the ENT key while the mapping screen is on. The screen shown at right appears. Use the arrow keys to highlight the desired icon. Now press the ENT key again. The mapping screen reappears with the icon showing at the position you were at when the ENT key was pressed. On the screens shown at the top of the next page, the shipwreck icon was placed. To place an icon at the cursor's position, first use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the location that you wish to place the icon. Next, press the ENT key. Now select the icon using the arrow keys. While it's selected, press the ENT key. The map reappears with the icon placed at the cursor crosshairs. Press the EXIT key to erase the cursor. 26 MAP SCREEN PRESS ENT KEY SELECT ICON PRESS ENT KEY ICON PLACED AT POSITION Icons can be erased from the plotter individually, all of a specific type, or all at once. They can also simply be turned off without erasing them. To make changes to the icons, press the MENU key, then select MAP SETUP, and finally select Icon Options. The screen shown at right appears. The first menu (ICONS OFF/ON) simply turns all icon symbols off or on. This doesn't erase the icons, it simply "hides" the icons from the map. You can use this feature to temporarily de-clutter the display. The DELETE ALL ICONS selection does erase all of the icons from memory, Use this only if you want to erase all icons that have been placed on all map screens. To erase only a certain type of icon, select the DELETE ICON TYPE menu. The icon menu appears. Highlight the icon style that you want to erase from memory, then press the ENT key. The unit returns to the map screen with only the selected icons erased. You can delete individual icons by selecting "DELETE FROM MAP". Once this menu is selected, the unit returns to the mapping screen with the cursor activated as shown at right. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the icon that you want to erase. Once the crosshairs are on top of the icon, press the ENT key. The icon is immediately erased. Press the EXIT key to erase the cursor. 27 MAP DOWNLOADING This unit has a background map of the world permanently installed inside. You can send an enhanced map from the enclosed CD-ROM to the unit using a personal computer. Currently, the MapSelect CD has the following databases: IMS SmartMapTM data covers the 48 contiguous states and are broken down into 64 different mapping regions. Contained in this database are the names and locations of over 140,000 cities; 30,000 national, state and county parks; 120,000 inland bodies of water plus coastal waters out to 25 miles; as well as nearly all state and federal highways, interstates and routes. IMS WorldMapTM data covers 35 specific regions around the globe including Canada, Europe, Indonesia and Australia. Contained in this database are the names and locations of cities, towns, provinces and states, plus major roadways including two- and four-lane highways, inland waterways and coastal hydrography. Coastal nav aid data covers coastal regions of the 49 U.S. States (excluding Hawaii), the District of Columbia, the Great Lakes and many large coastal rivers and other large inland lakes. Contained are approximately 60,000 marine navigation aids. Each navigation aid is displayed as a small symbol, with information useful to the navigator (including light type (flashing or continuous), light color, and other aid markings) below the symbol. To use one of these, install the software from the CD-ROM onto your PC compatible computer according to the instructions supplied with the CD. Next, plug the AC adapter into a wall socket, and attach its cable to the unit. Connect the cable supplied with this unit from a serial port on the computer to the GPS receiver. Now turn the unit on and adjust the communication port baud rate to its highest level (Press MENU/SYSTEM SETUP/COM PORT SETUP). Set the parity to "none" and data bits to "8". Start the GDM 16 program on the computer. Click on the "GPS" label, then click on "Options". Select the com port that the GPS cable is connected to and click "OK". Now click on the "GPS" label, then "Initialize". This starts the communication between the GPS unit and the computer. If the communications fail, try switching the baud rate on the GPS unit to a lower setting. Once the communications are established, click on the "Map Select" tab. Choose a memory partition to download a map into, then choose a map. If you have problems, click on "Help". There is extensive help available on the GDM-16 program. 28 TRANSFERRING MAP DATA Using either GDM or MapCreate software, you may transfer maps of your choice to your GPS Unit. The following instructions are for the GDM software. 1. Click on the MapSelect Tab. 2. Select a map by clicking on the desired database button (IMS SmartMap, IMS WorldMap, or Coastal Navaids). A map appears on the screen. Click the desired area that you want to download to the GPS unit. 3. Select a memory partition by clicking on Memory Partition 1 or 2. (Note: Any data already present in a selected memory partition will be overwritten. When transferring map data larger than 1 megabyte, both memory partitions are automatically selected.) 4. Click the Transfer Map Data Button. A status bar appears on both the PC and the GPS unit's screen. When the bar disappears, the transfer is complete. You'll be able to see the difference when the unit is zoomed in to ranges of ten miles or less. WINDOWS The windows feature provides ten different data screens chosen for their broad range of navigation information and ease of use. To use the windows feature, press the PAGES key, then highlight the "GROUP A" label at the bottom of the screen. Group A is visible in the background when you switch to the windows group. Press the left or right arrow key to switch between all off the groups. When the desired group appears, press the EXIT key to erase the Pages menu. A summary of the groups follows. Note that many of the groups have navigation data that require navigation to a waypoint in order to show data. See the waypoint section for information on setting up the unit for waypoint navigation. Group A This screen has two maps. Each map works separately from the other. For example, the left map has a 4 mile range, while the right one is zoomed in to one mile. To zoom in or out on the bottom map, simply press the ZIN or ZOUT keys. The main menu also has selections for the upper map and lower map setups. 29 Group B This screen has a map on the top half with bearing (BRG), distance to go (DIS), track (TRK) and the CDI on the lower half. Group C A half screen map is on the left side of the screen. A quarter-size map is in the upper right corner. in the middle of the screen. Track (TRK) and the CDI shows distance to go (DIS) show in the lower right quarter. Group D This group has a half-screen map on the left side of the screen. CDI, bearing (BRG), estimated time en-route (ETE), and ground speed (GS) are on the right side. Group E Digital displays make up this group. It has bearing (BRG), distance to go (DIS), track (TRK), ground speed (GS), CDI, estimated time en-route (ETE), velocity made good (VMG), and altitude (ALT). 30 Group F This group shows your present position (POSITION) in latitude/longitude at the top of the screen, and in UTM at the bottom.You can change the type of position display on both the top and bottom of this (and all) screens by pressing the MENU key, then selecting "GPS SETUP". Now select "POSITION FORMAT" to change the top position display, or "ALTERNATE FORMAT" to change the bottom display. Group G The group G screen shows DGPS information. There must be a DGPS receiver connected to the unit in order to use this screen. The DGPS status, station's ID number, frequency, bit rate, signal strength, bit rate, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and time since the GPS receiver received the satellite corrections (AGE) all show in the top half of this screen. The DGPS corrections at the bottom of the screen shows a list of the satellites in view. The satellite's number is follow by an identifier showing its status. They are as follows: OK OLD NA DGPS corrections are in use by GPS receiver and corrections are available. Unit hasn't received corrections in last 60 seconds. No correction available. Group H This is a time screen. An analog clock shows in the top left corner, followed by a digital clock showing your local time on the right. The clock's alarm setting shows in this window, also. UTC time shows at the bottom right corner of this screen. (UTC is the time at the prime meridian. It used to be called GMT.) Battery voltage and estimated time of arrival (ETA) complete this group. To set the clock alarm, first press the MENU key, 31 then select "CLOCK ALARM" and press the right arrow key. Now select "SET CLOCK ALARM". The screen at right appears. Using the arrow keys, enter the alarm's time. Press the ENT key. The unit returns to the clock alarm menu. Highlight the "CLOCK ALM OFF ON" label and press the right arrow key to turn it on. Press the EXIT key to erase the menus. The unit returns to group H with the new alarm time in the clock's window. Group I This group has a trip timer (TRP TIMER), estimated time enroute (ETE), a digital clock, and estimated time of arrival (ETA). The trip timer measures the total time you have been travelling. It starts counting when you exceed a preset speed. The default is 5 miles per hour. You can adjust this time from zero to 200 m.p.h.. To do this, press the MENU key, then select "TRIP TIMER SETUP" menu. Highlight the "TRIP START GS" label, then press the left or right arrow keys until the desired speed appears. Press the EXIT key to erase this screen. Group J There are three timers on this screen and an odometer (TRIP DIS). The trip timer is described in group I. Trip distance measures the distance you've travelled since it was last reset. To reset the trip meter, press the MENU key, then select "TRIP METER RESET" and press the right arrow key. The unit returns to Group J with the trip meter reset to zero. The up timer starts at zero and counts up. The up timer also has an alarm. The down timer starts from a user setting and counts down to zero. To start a timer, first press the MENU key, then highlight the desired timer setup menu. In this example, we're using the count up timer, so the UP TIMER SETUP was selected. Now press the right arrow key. A screen similar to the one at the top of the next page appears. To start the timer, simply highlight the "UP TIMER" menu, then press the right arrow key. To 32 reset the timer to zero, select the "UP TIMER RESET" menu. The up timer also has an alarm that can be set to sound at a preset time. (For example, one hour from now, three hours, etc.) To set the alarm, highlight the "SET UP TIMER ALM" and press the right arrow key. The screen below right appears. Using the arrow keys, highlight the first number in the time that you want to set. (The time is in hours, minutes, and seconds) Now press the up or down arrow keys until the desired number shows. Continue until the time shown in the display is correct, then press the ENT key. The unit returns to the timer menu screen. To turn the alarm on, highlight the "UP TIMER ALARM" label. Press the right arrow key. Press the EXIT key to erase the menu. The time you set shows in the "UP TIMER" box . The timer continues counting until you stop it. When it reaches the alarm's time setting, a tone sounds. Press the EXIT key to shut the alarm off. The countdown timer starts from a time that you enter and counts down to zero. (Note: When the countdown timer reaches zero, it begins counting up until you press the EXIT key. This tells you how long it's been since the alarm sounded.) Use the "DOWN TIMER SETUP" menu to adjust the countdown timer and reset it to zero. Group K - LMS-160 Only This group has a map on the left half of the screen and sonar on the right. When the MENU key is pressed while Map-3 is showing, the "ACTIVE MODE" menu at the top of the menu lets you switch the arrow and zoom keys between the GPS side and the sonar side of group K. 33 Group L - LMS-160 Only This group has a digital depth display along with the sonar alarms setting in the upper left corner of the screen. (See the sonar section for more information on the sonar alarms.) A quarter-size sonar screen shows in the upper right corner. Surface water temperature shows in the lower left corner of the screen, both digital and a temperature graph. Water speed and a second temperature show in the bottom right corner of the screen. (Note: Speed and water temperature on this screen comes from an optional speed/temperature sensor. The TEMP 2 display requires an optional TS-2BK temperature sensor. Group M - LMS-160 Only This screen has digital depth, half-screen sonar, water speed, and surface water temperature displays. Reprogram Window Groups All of the winodws groups can be customized. The changes you make to the groups will remain in memory, even if all power is removed from the unit. You can, however, return the groups to the factory settings using "Reset Groups" on the system setup menu. To customize a group, first switch to the group that you wish to change. For this example, group "D" is used as shown at right. Next, press the MENU key, then select "REPROGRAM GROUP". The screen shown at the top of the next page appears. The first window appears at the top of the screen. To select a different window, press the right or left arrow keys until the desired window appears. To add it to the group, simply press the down arrow key. Continue adding windows to the group in this manner until the group is filled with windows. As you add windows to the group, their relative position on the screen is represented by boxes in the lower right side of this screen. When the screen is filled with windows, the unit automati34 cally saves your reprogrammed group and returns to the group, as shown at the top of the next page. If you finish selecting windows before filling the group with windows, press the ENT key. To leave the reprogramming menu without saving the changes, simply press the EXIT key. Reprogram Boxes The digital boxes on MAP 2 and both NAV screens can be reprogrammed, changing the informations shown by the boxes. To customize a screen, first switch to the screen that you want to customize. Map-2 (shown at right) is used in this example. Next, press the MENU key, then select the "Reprogram Boxes" menu. The screen shown below appears. This is the MAP-2 edit screen. The "BRG" box near the left corner flashes, which means it's ready for change. If you don't want to change this box, simply press the up or down arrow key to move to the box that you do want to change. In this example, we will change the bearing (BRG) box to ground speed (GS). To do this, simply press the left or right arrow key while the box is flashing. The box changes each time the arrow key is pressed. When the desired box appears, then you can change another box or save your changes by pressing the ENT key. If you want to leave this screen without saving the changes, simply press the EXIT key. Use this same method to change the NAV screens. Reset Groups To restore all boxes on the navigation and plotter screens to their factory settings, first press the MENU key, then highlight the "System Setup" label and press the right arrow key. Now highlight the "Reset Groups" label on this menu. Press the right arrow key. A message appears, asking if you really want to do this. Press the right arrow key to continue, or the left arrow key to exit without resetting the groups. 35 WAYPOINTS This GPS receiver gives you the ability to create your own database of locations, called "waypoints'. You can save your present position, cursor position, or enter a coordinate and save it as a waypoint. For example, you may wish to store the location of your parked car as a waypoint before starting on a hike. When you want to return to the car, all you have to do is recall the waypoint and the unit will show distance and bearing from your present position to the car. This unit stores up to 750 waypoints. Waypoint Menu With few exceptions, in order to save, modify, or recall a waypoint, you'll use the waypoint menu, shown at right. To see this menu, simply press the WPT key. The current waypoint number shows at the top of the screen. Its name appears beneath the "GO TO WAYPOINT" label. The waypoint's position, distance and bearing from your present position to the waypoint, and the date and time the waypoint was saved show at the bottom of the screen. It's icon shows just to the right of the date and time. In short, all of the detail about the waypoint shows on this screen. Saving Your Present Position as a Waypoint (Quick Save Method) To save your present position, simply press the WPT key twice. Your current position is placed into the first available waypoint number on the list. A message appears on the display telling you the waypoint number it just used. This also momentarily places you in the waypoint menu. Anytime this menu is showing, simply press the WPT key once and the unit will store your present position on the waypoint list. Saving the Cursor Position as a Waypoint When the cursor is showing on the map and you press the WPT key twice, the cursor's position is placed into the first available waypoint number. In the example screen shown at the top of the next page, the cursor is placed at the desired location. Pressing the WPT twice causes waypoint number 6 to be placed at the cursor's crosshairs. (Waypoint 6 was the next available waypoint number.) A message appears on the display telling you the waypoint number it just used. Wait a few seconds and the menu will clear automatically. Press the EXIT key to erase the cursor. 36 MOVE CURSOR TO DESIRED LOCATION PRESS WPT KEY TWICE Saving Your Present Position as a Waypoint (Select Number Method) The method shown previously doesn't let you choose the waypoint number. You can pick the waypoint number, then save your present or cursor position. To save your present position, press the WPT key once. (If you're saving the cursor position, first move the cursor to the desired location, then press the WPT key.) A screen similar to the one on the previous page appears. Highlight the "WAYPOINT #" label at the top of the screen. Press the right or left arrow keys until the desired waypoint number appears that you wish to save your present (or cursor) location under. Waypoint number 4 is used in this example. Now select "CREATE WAYPOINT" . A screen similar to the one at right appears. Finally, highlight "CURRENT POSITION" and press the right arrow key. The unit returns to the waypoint screen with the position saved under the selected waypoint number. Saving a New Position To save a position other than the cursor's or the present position as a waypoint, first select the waypoint number as described on the previous page. Next, select "CREATE WAYPOINT". The screen shown at the bottom of the previous page appears. Select "ENTER POSITION". The screen shown at right appears. Using the arrow keys, enter the latitude and longitude of the position that you want to save. (Note: latitude and longitude is the default, however if UTM or other position format is in use, this screen will let you enter the position in the format that's currently in use.) 37 Waypoint Averaging Although electronic position finding devices such as this one show the position in precise digital numbers, there is some ambiguity in the displayed position. With position pinning turned off, you can see this by watching the position displayed on the unit move while you're standing still. This is due to many factors; SA, atmospheric conditions, the number of satellites being tracked and their location relative to your position, and so on. However, even with SA turned on, this GPS receiver can show surprisingly accurate position information. If you wish to increase the accuracy of a saved position, use the waypoint averaging method. This method requires the unit to remain untouched at the location that you want to save, preferably for at least one hour. Longer times will result in a better position. The unit averages all of the positions reported by its GPS receiver, resulting in typically higher position accuracy. To use this feature, first press the WPT key and select a waypoint number, then select "CREATE WAYPOINT". The screen in the middle of the previous page appears. Now select "AVERAGE POSITION". The screen shown at right appears. Your present position shows at the top of the screen. A box with a plotter graphically shows the movement of your average position. The number of positions or points taken appears next to the plotter. The position is updated once per second. Now place the unit where it has an unobstructed view of the sky. At the end of the position gathering time, press the ENT key to save the averaged position. Project Position You can save a waypoint even if you don't know it's position or location on the map. This unit lets you project the location of a waypoint from a known waypoint using only bearing and distance from the known waypoint. This is useful if you don't know the latitude/longitude of a location, but you do know the distance and bearing from a saved waypoint or your own position. (Note: To project a waypoint from your present position, you must first save your present position as a waypoint.) To use this feature, press the WPT key, then select a waypoint number that you want to save the projected waypoint under. Waypoint 7 is used in 38 this example. Now select "CREATE WAYPOINT", then "PROJECT POSITION". The screen shown at the the bottom of the previous page appears. The unit needs a location (reference waypoint) to project the new waypoint from. The default reference is waypoint number one. Highlight the "REFERENCE WPT" label on the Project WPT menu and press the right arrow key. The screen below right appears. Select a waypoint using either the waypoint number or waypoint list. In this example, waypoint 4 was chosen. When you've chosen the waypoint, highlight the "SET REFERENCE" label and press the right arrow key. The unit returns to the Project WPT screen shown above. The starting waypoint you chose shows in the middle of this screen. Now set the distance from the starting waypoint to the projected waypoint by highlighting the "SET DISTANCE" label and pressing the right arrow key. Use the arrow keys to set the distance, then press the ENT key when you're finished. The unit returns to the Project Position screen. Now enter the bearing from the starting waypoint to the projected waypoint by selecting "SET BEARING" from the Project Position screen. Once you've entered the bearing, the unit returns to the Project Position screen with the distance and bearing from your present position showing at the bottom of the screen, as shown at right. In this example, the new waypoint is 3.53 miles on a bearing of 68° from our position. Now press the ENT key. The unit saves the projected location under the waypoint number that you picked at the beginning. SELECTING A WAYPOINT In order to edit or navigate to a waypoint, you must first select it. There are three ways to do this: by waypoint number, waypoint list, or search by name. All selection methods are on the main waypoint menu shown at right. To select a waypoint by its number, simply highlight the "WAYPOINT #" label at the top of the 39 waypoint menu, then press the left or right arrow keys until the desired waypoint number appears. Select from List The waypoint number selection method forces you to scroll through all waypoint numbers, whether there's a location saved in them or not. The waypoint list is composed only of saved waypoints. To use the list, select "WAYPOINT LIST" from the waypoint menu. The screen shown at right appears. The names of all waypoints stored in memory show on this list. Simply highlight the desired waypoint and press the right arrow key to select it. The waypoint menu reappears. (Note: When created, a waypoint is given a default name designated by an asterisk (*). Default names are not shown on the map. The waypoint number is shown until it's renamed.) Select by Name To find a waypoint by it's name, select "NAME SEARCH" from the waypont menu. The screen at right appears. Using the arrow keys, type the waypoint's name on the screen. When the desired waypoint name appears, press the ENT key. The unit returns to the waypoint screen with the selected waypoint showing. EDIT A WAYPOINT You can customize a waypoint by giving it a name or change it's position or icon. To do this, first press the WPT key. The waypoint screen appears. Follow the instructions below for each item. Position Any latitude/longitude can be assigned to any waypoint by manually entering it using the keyboard. First select the waypoint number that you want to save a position under from the waypoint menu. Next, select "EDIT WAYPOINT", then select "EDIT POSITION". The screen shown at right appears. Using the left and right arrow keys, highlight each number in the position and change it using the up and down arrow keys. When you're ready to save this position and return to the waypoint screen, press the 40 ENT key. Note: You can only use this method to change the position of an existing waypoint. Name You can assign a name to each waypoint. The name can have up to eight characters. To do this, first select the waypoint that you wish to name, then choose "EDIT NAME" from the Edit Waypoint menu. A screen similar to the one at right appears. Press the up or down arrow keys to select the first letter in the name. Press the right arrow key to highlight the next position in the name. Repeat this sequence until you've entered all of the letters in the waypoint name. Press the ENT key to accept this name, the WPT key to erase all characters in the name, or the EXIT key to leave this screen without saving any changes. Icon (Symbol) To change the icon assigned to a waypoint, first select the waypoint, then choose "EDIT SYMBOL" from the Edit Waypoint menu. The icon selection screen appears. Use the arrow keys to select the icon that you want to assign to the waypoint, then press the ENT key. The waypoint now has the new icon. Delete a Waypoint To erase all of the information in a waypoint, first press the WPT key, then select the waypoint you want to erase. Now highlight the "DELETE WAYPOINT" label and press the right arrow key. A message appears, asking if you really want to delete this waypoint. Press the right arrow key to delete it, the left to exit without deleting the waypoint. Delete All Waypoints You can remove all of the waypoints from the unit's memory. To do this, press the MENU key, then highlight the "SYSTEM SETUP" menu and press the right arrow key. Now highlight the "DELETE ALL WPTS" label and press the right arrow key. The unit removes all waypoints from memory. Note: This also removes all routes from memory. Move a Waypoint You can move all information from one waypoint number to another to help organize the waypoints. In this example, we'll move all of the information in waypoint number 1 to waypoint number 9. To do this, highlight the "MOVE WAYPOINT" on the waypoint screen and press the right arrow 41 key. The screen shown at right appears. The "From" label is highlighted at the top of the screen. Press the right arrow key until the waypoint number that you want to move appears. In this example, we selected waypoint number 1. Now press the down arrow key once to highlight the "To" label. Press the left or right arrow key until the number that you want to move the waypoint to appears. Again, in this example, we chose to move waypoint number 1 to waypoint number 9, so we pressed the right arrow key until "9" appeared. As you can see on the screen above, waypoint number 1 is showing in the "From" box. Now press the ENT key. The "From" box is now empty and the "To" box has waypoint number 9. Press the EXIT key to erase this menu. Waypoint Options You can customize the method used to show a waypoint on the map screens. To do this, first press the MENU key, then select "MAP SETUP", finally select "WAYPOINT OPTIONS". The screen shown at right appears. You can turn all of the waypoints, their symbols, names, or numbers on or off. Simply select the desired label, then press the appropriate arrow key. Press the EXIT key to erase this menu. WAYPOINT NAVIGATION This unit makes it easy to navigate to any waypoint. All you have to do is select the waypoint, then highlight the "GO TO WAYPOINT" label on the waypoint screen and press the right arrow key. The unit immediately shows navigation information to the waypoint on all navigation, map, and windows screens. In this example, the waypoint named "BIG FISH" (# 5) was recalled. Switching to the MAP-1 screen (shown at right) shows the starting location "S", the recalled waypoint "4", the plot trail from the starting location to the present position, and the present position. The present position arrow also shows the direction of travel (track). 42 Navigating to a Cursor Position This unit lets you navigate to a location without storing it in the waypoint database by using the map and cursor. To do this, first switch to a map. Now move the cursor to the location that you want to navigate to. Next, press the MENU key. A new, highlighted menu appears on the list: "Go To Cursor". Press the right arrow key. It now shows navigation data to the cursor location (shown as "D" on the map). MOVE CURSOR TO DESIRED LOCATION PRESS MENU KEY, THEN SELECT "GOTO CURSOR" NAVIGATING TO CURSOR POSITION Navigating to a Waypoint using the Map The unique "birds-eye" view used by the map gives you an easy way to navigate to a waypoint. On the map screen shown above, the arrow is your present position. The box with the "S" in it was your starting location when the waypoint was recalled. The dotted line is called a course line and is the shortest path from the starting location to the destination. The "D" is the cursor destination, when the cursor position is used as a destination. If you follow the course line, you'll reach the destination, covering the shortest distance in the least time. CAUTION! This product does NOT take land features or any other feature into account when it projects the course line on the screen. Use caution when navigating to a location. Make certain there are no obstructions in your path. CANCEL NAVIGATION This unit continues to navigate to a recalled waypoint, the last waypoint in a route, or the cursor position until you stop it. To stop the navigation function, press the MENU key, then press the up or down arrow keys until the "Cancel Nav" label is highlighted. Press the right arrow key. The unit stops showing navigation information. 43 ROUTES You can connect several user waypoints together to form a route. When you recall the route, the unit shows navigation information to the first waypoint in the route, then when you reach that waypoint, it switches to the next waypoint, and so on until you reach the last waypoint in the route. To create a route, first press the MENU key, highlight the "ROUTE PLANNING" label, and press the right arrow key. The screen shown at right appears. This unit can store up to 99 routes. Route number one shows on this page. If you wish to create a route using a different number, simply press the left or right arrow keys until the desired route number appears. In this example, however, we'll use route number one. If you wish to name the route, highlight the "EDIT ROUTE NAME" label and press the right arrow key. Use the arrow keys to name the route, (you can use up to eight characters in the name) then press the ENT key when you're finished. The gray boxes in the lower portion of the screen comprise the list of waypoints that form the route. To add waypoints to the route, highlight the first gray box and press the right arrow key. The screen shown at right appears. To add a waypoint to the route from the waypoint table, select the "ADD WPT" label. To select a waypoint from the map, choose "ADD FROM MAP". Add From Waypoint List This screen is virtually identical to the waypoint screen Select a waypoint either by using the waypoint number, waypoint name, or from the waypoint list. After selecting the waypoint, highlight the "ADD TO ROUTE" label and press the right arrow key. The unit returns to the route screen with the first waypoint at the top of the list. Highlight the next waypoint location beneath the first waypoint and press the right arrow key. Now repeat the previous steps to select the second waypoint for your route. After selecting the second waypoint, the unit returns to the waypoint list screen. The second waypoint shows beneath the first one, with bearing and dis44