User manual MACROMEDIA COLDFUSION 4.5 - CFML LANGUAGE REFERENCE

CFML Language Reference ColdFusion 4.5 Allaire Corporation Copyright Notice © 1999 Allaire Corporation. All rights reserved. This manual, as well as the software described in it, is furnished under license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. The content of this manual is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Allaire Corporation. Allaire Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this book. Except as permitted by such license, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Allaire Corporation. ColdFusion and HomeSite are federally registered trademarks of Allaire Corporation. HomeSite, the ColdFusion logo and the Allaire logo are trademarks of Allaire Corporation in the USA and other countries. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, Windows 95, Microsoft Access, and FoxPro are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other products or name brands are the trademarks of their respective holders. Solaris is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc. UNIX is a trademark of The Open Group. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Inc. Part number: AA-45LNG-RK Contents Preface: Welcome To ColdFusion ................................................................xiii Intended Audience.........................................................................................................................xiv Welcome to the ColdFusion 4.5 Web Application Server ...........................................................xiv Products and System Requirements ............................................................................................xiv New features in ColdFusion 4.5 .....................................................................................................xv New visual tools ......................................................................................................................xvi Enhancements to CFML ........................................................................................................xvi Better reliability ......................................................................................................................xvi Improved performance.........................................................................................................xvii Enterprise connectivity features ..........................................................................................xvii Security enhancements....................................................................................................... xviii Language Reference Features .......................................................................................................xix Using Examples ......................................................................................................................xix Using Code Snippets ..............................................................................................................xix Using End Tags................................................................................................................................xx Developer Resources ......................................................................................................................xx About ColdFusion Documentation ..............................................................................................xxi Documentation updates ........................................................................................................xxi ColdFusion manuals ..............................................................................................................xxi ColdFusion Server online documentation ..........................................................................xxii Printing ColdFusion documentation...................................................................................xxii Documentation conventions.............................................................................................. xxiii Getting Answers .......................................................................................................................... xxiii Contacting Allaire ................................................................................................................ xxiii Chapter 1: ColdFusion Tags.............................................................................1 Alphabetical List of ColdFusion Tags ............................................................................................. 2 New Tags in ColdFusion 4.5 ............................................................................................................ 5 ColdFusion Forms Tags................................................................................................................... 6 Database Manipulation Tags .......................................................................................................... 6 Data Output Tags ............................................................................................................................. 6 Exception Handling Tags ................................................................................................................ 6 Extensibility Tags ............................................................................................................................. 7 File Management Tags..................................................................................................................... 7 iv CFML Language Reference Flow-Control Tags ............................................................................................................................7 Internet Protocol Tags ......................................................................................................................7 Java Servlet and Java Object Tags ....................................................................................................8 Variable Manipulation Tags.............................................................................................................8 Web Application Framework Tags ..................................................................................................8 Other Tags .........................................................................................................................................8 CFABORT...........................................................................................................................................9 CFAPPLET........................................................................................................................................11 CFAPPLICATION ............................................................................................................................13 CFASSOCIATE .................................................................................................................................16 CFAUTHENTICATE ........................................................................................................................17 CFBREAK .........................................................................................................................................19 CFCACHE ........................................................................................................................................20 CFCOL..............................................................................................................................................23 CFCOLLECTION .............................................................................................................................25 CFCONTENT ...................................................................................................................................28 CFCOOKIE .......................................................................................................................................30 CFDIRECTORY................................................................................................................................33 CFERROR.........................................................................................................................................36 CFERROR Error Variables .......................................................................................................37 CFEXECUTE ....................................................................................................................................40 CFEXIT .............................................................................................................................................42 CFFILE .............................................................................................................................................45 CFFILE ACTION attributes .....................................................................................................46 CFFILE ACTION="Upload"............................................................................................................47 Evaluating the results of a file upload....................................................................................49 CFFILE ACTION="Move"...............................................................................................................51 CFFILE ACTION="Rename" ..........................................................................................................52 CFFILE ACTION="Copy" ...............................................................................................................53 CFFILE ACTION="Delete" .............................................................................................................54 CFFILE ACTION="Read"................................................................................................................54 CFFILE ACTION="ReadBinary".....................................................................................................55 CFFILE ACTION="Write" ...............................................................................................................55 CFFILE ACTION="Append" ...........................................................................................................58 CFFORM ..........................................................................................................................................59 Incorporating HTML form tags ..............................................................................................60 CFFTP ..............................................................................................................................................63 Establishing a Connection with CFFTP .................................................................................63 File and Directory Operations with CFFTP ...........................................................................66 CFFTP.ReturnValue Variable..................................................................................................70 Accessing the Columns in a Query Object ............................................................................70 Connection Caching ...............................................................................................................71 CFGRID............................................................................................................................................73 Select mode and form variables .............................................................................................78 Using SELECTMODE="Edit"..................................................................................................78 Using the HREF attribute........................................................................................................78 CFGRIDCOLUMN...........................................................................................................................81 CFGRIDROW ...................................................................................................................................86 CFGRIDUPDATE.............................................................................................................................87 Contents v CFHEADER ......................................................................................................................................90 CFHTMLHEAD................................................................................................................................91 CFHTTP ...........................................................................................................................................92 CFHTTPPARAM ..............................................................................................................................98 CFIF/CFELSEIF/CFELSE..............................................................................................................100 CFIMPERSONATE.........................................................................................................................102 CFINCLUDE ..................................................................................................................................104 CFINDEX .......................................................................................................................................105 CFINPUT .......................................................................................................................................109 CFINSERT ......................................................................................................................................112 CFLDAP..........................................................................................................................................115 CFLOCATION................................................................................................................................121 CFLOCK .........................................................................................................................................122 CFLOOP .........................................................................................................................................129 Index Loops............................................................................................................................129 Conditional Loops.................................................................................................................130 Looping over a Query............................................................................................................131 Looping over a List ................................................................................................................132 Looping over a COM Collection or Structure......................................................................133 CFMAIL..........................................................................................................................................135 CFMAILPARAM.............................................................................................................................138 CFMODULE ..................................................................................................................................140 CFOBJECT .....................................................................................................................................143 CFOBJECT TYPE attributes...................................................................................................143 CFOBJECT Type="COM" .............................................................................................................144 CFOBJECT Type="CORBA"..........................................................................................................146 CFOBJECT Type="JAVA" ..............................................................................................................147 CFOUTPUT ...................................................................................................................................149 CFPARAM ......................................................................................................................................151 CFPOP ............................................................................................................................................154 CFPROCESSINGDIRECTIVE ........................................................................................................159 CFPROCPARAM ............................................................................................................................160 CFPROCRESULT...........................................................................................................................163 CFQUERY ......................................................................................................................................165 CFQUERYPARAM .........................................................................................................................170 CFREGISTRY .................................................................................................................................174 CFREGISTRY ACTION attributes .........................................................................................174 CFREGISTRY ACTION="GetAll" ..................................................................................................175 CFREGISTRY ACTION="Get".......................................................................................................176 CFREGISTRY ACTION="Set" .......................................................................................................177 CFREGISTRY ACTION="Delete" .................................................................................................178 CFREPORT.....................................................................................................................................180 CFRETHROW ................................................................................................................................182 CFSCRIPT ......................................................................................................................................184 CFSEARCH.....................................................................................................................................185 CFSELECT......................................................................................................................................189 CFSERVLET ...................................................................................................................................192 CFSERVLETPARAM ......................................................................................................................194 CFSET.............................................................................................................................................197 vi CFML Language Reference Arrays......................................................................................................................................197 Dynamic variable names ......................................................................................................197 COM objects ..........................................................................................................................197 CFSETTING ...................................................................................................................................199 CFSILENT ......................................................................................................................................201 CFSLIDER ......................................................................................................................................202 CFSTOREDPROC ..........................................................................................................................207 CFSWITCH/CFCASE/CFDEFAULTCASE....................................................................................210 CFTABLE........................................................................................................................................212 CFTEXTINPUT ..............................................................................................................................214 CFTHROW .....................................................................................................................................218 CFTRANSACTION.........................................................................................................................220 CFTREE ..........................................................................................................................................223 CFTREEITEM ................................................................................................................................228 CFTRY/CFCATCH.........................................................................................................................232 CFUPDATE ....................................................................................................................................236 CFWDDX .......................................................................................................................................239 Chapter 2: ColdFusion Functions................................................................241 Alphabetical List of ColdFusion Functions.................................................................................242 New Functions in ColdFusion 4.5 ...............................................................................................245 Array Functions.............................................................................................................................245 Authentication Functions ............................................................................................................245 Date and Time Functions.............................................................................................................246 Decision Functions.......................................................................................................................246 Display and Formatting Functions..............................................................................................247 Dynamic Evaluation Functions ...................................................................................................247 International Functions ...............................................................................................................247 List Functions................................................................................................................................248 Mathematical Functions ..............................................................................................................248 Query Functions ...........................................................................................................................249 String Functions............................................................................................................................249 Structure Functions ......................................................................................................................250 System Functions..........................................................................................................................250 Other Functions ............................................................................................................................250 Abs..................................................................................................................................................251 ACos ...............................................................................................................................................252 ArrayAppend .................................................................................................................................254 ArrayAvg.........................................................................................................................................255 ArrayClear......................................................................................................................................257 ArrayDeleteAt ................................................................................................................................258 ArrayInsertAt .................................................................................................................................259 ArrayIsEmpty.................................................................................................................................260 ArrayLen ........................................................................................................................................261 ArrayMax .......................................................................................................................................262 ArrayMin........................................................................................................................................264 ArrayNew .......................................................................................................................................266 ArrayPrepend ................................................................................................................................267 Contents vii ArrayResize ....................................................................................................................................268 ArraySet..........................................................................................................................................269 ArraySort........................................................................................................................................270 ArraySum .......................................................................................................................................271 ArraySwap......................................................................................................................................273 ArrayToList ....................................................................................................................................274 Asc ..................................................................................................................................................275 ASin ................................................................................................................................................276 Atn ..................................................................................................................................................278 AuthenticatedContext ..................................................................................................................279 AuthenticatedUser........................................................................................................................280 BitAnd ............................................................................................................................................281 BitMaskClear .................................................................................................................................282 BitMaskRead .................................................................................................................................283 BitMaskSet.....................................................................................................................................284 BitNot.............................................................................................................................................285 BitOr...............................................................................................................................................286 BitSHLN .........................................................................................................................................287 BitSHRN.........................................................................................................................................288 BitXor .............................................................................................................................................289 Ceiling ............................................................................................................................................290 Chr..................................................................................................................................................291 CJustify...........................................................................................................................................292 Compare ........................................................................................................................................293 CompareNoCase...........................................................................................................................295 Cos..................................................................................................................................................296 CreateDate.....................................................................................................................................297 CreateDateTime............................................................................................................................299 CreateObject..................................................................................................................................301 Object Types ..........................................................................................................................301 COM ...............................................................................................................................................301 CORBA ...........................................................................................................................................302 JAVA................................................................................................................................................303 CreateODBCDate..........................................................................................................................305 CreateODBCDateTime .................................................................................................................307 CreateODBCTime .........................................................................................................................309 CreateTime ....................................................................................................................................311 CreateTimeSpan ...........................................................................................................................313 CreateUUID...................................................................................................................................314 DateAdd .........................................................................................................................................315 DateCompare ................................................................................................................................317 DateConvert ..................................................................................................................................320 DateDiff .........................................................................................................................................323 DateFormat ...................................................................................................................................325 DatePart .........................................................................................................................................327 Day .................................................................................................................................................329 DayOfWeek....................................................................................................................................330 DayOfWeekAsString .....................................................................................................................331 DayOfYear......................................................................................................................................332 viii CFML Language Reference DaysInMonth ................................................................................................................................333 DaysInYear ....................................................................................................................................334 DE...................................................................................................................................................335 DecimalFormat .............................................................................................................................336 DecrementValue ...........................................................................................................................337 Decrypt ..........................................................................................................................................338 DeleteClientVariable ....................................................................................................................339 DirectoryExists ..............................................................................................................................340 DollarFormat.................................................................................................................................341 Encrypt...........................................................................................................................................342 Evaluate .........................................................................................................................................343 Exp..................................................................................................................................................344 ExpandPath ...................................................................................................................................345 FileExists ........................................................................................................................................346 Find ................................................................................................................................................347 FindNoCase ...................................................................................................................................348 FindOneOf .....................................................................................................................................349 FirstDayOfMonth..........................................................................................................................350 Fix ...................................................................................................................................................351 FormatBaseN.................................................................................................................................352 GetBaseTagData............................................................................................................................353 GetBaseTagList..............................................................................................................................354 GetBaseTemplatePath..................................................................................................................355 GetClientVariablesList..................................................................................................................356 GetCurrentTemplatePath.............................................................................................................357 GetDirectoryFromPath.................................................................................................................358 GetFileFromPath...........................................................................................................................359 GetFunctionList ............................................................................................................................360 GetLocale.......................................................................................................................................361 GetMetricData...............................................................................................................................363 GetProfileString.............................................................................................................................365 GetTempDirectory........................................................................................................................367 GetTempFile..................................................................................................................................368 GetTemplatePath..........................................................................................................................369 GetTickCount ................................................................................................................................370 GetTimeZoneInfo .........................................................................................................................371 GetToken .......................................................................................................................................372 Hour ...............................................................................................................................................373 HTMLCodeFormat .......................................................................................................................374 HTMLEditFormat .........................................................................................................................376 IIf ....................................................................................................................................................378 IncrementValue ............................................................................................................................381 InputBaseN....................................................................................................................................382 Insert ..............................................................................................................................................383 Int ...................................................................................................................................................384 IsArray............................................................................................................................................385 IsAuthenticated.............................................................................................................................386 IsAuthorized ..................................................................................................................................387 IsBinary ..........................................................................................................................................390 Contents ix IsBoolean .......................................................................................................................................391 IsDate .............................................................................................................................................392 IsDebugMode................................................................................................................................393 IsDefined .......................................................................................................................................394 IsLeapYear .....................................................................................................................................395 IsNumeric ......................................................................................................................................396 IsNumericDate..............................................................................................................................397 IsProtected.....................................................................................................................................398 IsQuery...........................................................................................................................................401 IsSimpleValue................................................................................................................................402 IsStruct...........................................................................................................................................403 JSStringFormat ..............................................................................................................................404 LCase..............................................................................................................................................405 Left .................................................................................................................................................406 Len..................................................................................................................................................407 ListAppend ....................................................................................................................................408 ListChangeDelims.........................................................................................................................409 ListContains ..................................................................................................................................410 ListContainsNoCase .....................................................................................................................412 ListDeleteAt ...................................................................................................................................413 ListFind ..........................................................................................................................................414 ListFindNoCase.............................................................................................................................416 ListFirst ..........................................................................................................................................417 ListGetAt ........................................................................................................................................418 ListInsertAt ....................................................................................................................................419 ListLast...........................................................................................................................................420 ListLen ...........................................................................................................................................421 ListPrepend ...................................................................................................................................422 ListQualify .....................................................................................................................................423 ListRest...........................................................................................................................................425 ListSetAt .........................................................................................................................................426 ListSort ...........................................................................................................................................428 ListToArray ....................................................................................................................................430 ListValueCount..............................................................................................................................431 ListValueCountNoCase ................................................................................................................433 LJustify ...........................................................................................................................................435 Log..................................................................................................................................................436 Log10..............................................................................................................................................437 LSCurrencyFormat .......................................................................................................................438 LSDateFormat ...............................................................................................................................441 LSEuroCurrencyFormat ...............................................................................................................443 LSIsCurrency .................................................................................................................................447 LSIsDate.........................................................................................................................................448 LSIsNumeric..................................................................................................................................449 LSNumberFormat .........................................................................................................................450 LSParseCurrency...........................................................................................................................453 Currency output ....................................................................................................................453 LSParseDateTime..........................................................................................................................456 LSParseEuroCurrency ..................................................................................................................458 x CFML Language Reference LSParseNumber ............................................................................................................................460 LSTimeFormat ..............................................................................................................................461 LTrim..............................................................................................................................................463 Max.................................................................................................................................................464 Mid .................................................................................................................................................465 Min .................................................................................................................................................466 Minute............................................................................................................................................467 Month ............................................................................................................................................468 MonthAsString ..............................................................................................................................469 Now ................................................................................................................................................470 NumberFormat .............................................................................................................................471 ParagraphFormat..........................................................................................................................474 ParameterExists ............................................................................................................................475 ParseDateTime..............................................................................................................................476 Pi.....................................................................................................................................................478 PreserveSingleQuotes...................................................................................................................479 Quarter...........................................................................................................................................480 QueryAddColumn.........................................................................................................................481 QueryAddRow ...............................................................................................................................483 QueryNew......................................................................................................................................484 QuerySetCell..................................................................................................................................485 QuotedValueList ...........................................................................................................................487 Rand ...............................................................................................................................................488 Randomize.....................................................................................................................................489 RandRange ....................................................................................................................................490 REFind ...........................................................................................................................................491 REFindNoCase ..............................................................................................................................494 RemoveChars ................................................................................................................................497 RepeatString ..................................................................................................................................498 Replace...........................................................................................................................................499 ReplaceList ....................................................................................................................................500 ReplaceNoCase .............................................................................................................................502 REReplace......................................................................................................................................503 REReplaceNoCase.........................................................................................................................504 Reverse...........................................................................................................................................505 Right ...............................................................................................................................................506 RJustify...........................................................................................................................................507 Round.............................................................................................................................................508 RTrim .............................................................................................................................................509 Second ...........................................................................................................................................510 SetLocale........................................................................................................................................511 Locale support .......................................................................................................................511 SetProfileString .............................................................................................................................513 SetVariable.....................................................................................................................................515 Sgn..................................................................................................................................................516 Sin...................................................................................................................................................517 SpanExcluding ..............................................................................................................................518 SpanIncluding ...............................................................................................................................519 Sqr ..................................................................................................................................................520 Contents xi StripCR...........................................................................................................................................521 StructClear.....................................................................................................................................522 StructCopy.....................................................................................................................................523 StructCount ...................................................................................................................................524 StructDelete...................................................................................................................................525 StructFind ......................................................................................................................................527 StructInsert....................................................................................................................................528 StructIsEmpty................................................................................................................................530 StructKeyArray ..............................................................................................................................531 StructKeyExists..............................................................................................................................534 StructKeyList .................................................................................................................................535 StructNew ......................................................................................................................................538 StructUpdate .................................................................................................................................539 Tan .................................................................................................................................................540 TimeFormat...................................................................................................................................541 ToBase64........................................................................................................................................543 ToBinary ........................................................................................................................................545 ToString .........................................................................................................................................547 Trim................................................................................................................................................549 UCase .............................................................................................................................................550 URLDecode ...................................................................................................................................551 URLEncodedFormat.....................................................................................................................552 Val...................................................................................................................................................553 ValueList ........................................................................................................................................554 Week...............................................................................................................................................555 WriteOutput ..................................................................................................................................556 XMLFormat ...................................................................................................................................557 Year ................................................................................................................................................558 YesNoFormat.................................................................................................................................559 Chapter 3: WDDX JavaScript Objects .........................................................561 WddxSerializer Object ..................................................................................................................562 serialize ..................................................................................................................................562 serializeVariable ....................................................................................................................562 serializeValue.........................................................................................................................563 write........................................................................................................................................564 WddxRecordset Object .................................................................................................................565 addColumn ............................................................................................................................565 addRows.................................................................................................................................566 getField...................................................................................................................................566 getRowCount .........................................................................................................................567 setField ...................................................................................................................................568 wddxSerialize.........................................................................................................................568 Chapter 4: ColdFusion Expressions: Operators and Other Constructs ....571 Elements of ColdFusion Expressions ..........................................................................................572 Notes on date-and-time values............................................................................................574 xii CFML Language Reference Notes on using variables.......................................................................................................575 Operators .......................................................................................................................................576 Arithmetic operators .............................................................................................................576 String operators .....................................................................................................................577 Decision, or comparison, operators ....................................................................................577 Boolean operators .................................................................................................................579 Operator Precedence....................................................................................................................579 Function Syntax ............................................................................................................................580 Optional arguments in functions.........................................................................................580 Pound Signs...................................................................................................................................581 Pound signs inside CFOUTPUT tags ...................................................................................581 Pound signs inside strings ....................................................................................................582 Pound signs inside tag attribute values ...............................................................................583 Nested pound signs...............................................................................................................583 Pound signs in general expressions .....................................................................................584 Preface Welcome To ColdFusion ColdFusion is a rapid application development system for professional developers who want to create dynamic Web applications and interactive Web sites. It provides the fastest way to integrate browser, server, and database technologies into powerful Web applications. With ColdFusion, you can build everything from online stores to sophisticated business systems. Developing applications with ColdFusion does not require coding in a traditional programming language; instead, you build applications by combining standard HTML with a straightforward server-side markup language, the ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML). This manual documents CFML. Contents · · · · · · · · · Intended Audience.......................................................................................... xiv Welcome to the ColdFusion 4.5 Web Application Server............................. xiv Products and System Requirements.............................................................. xiv New features in ColdFusion 4.5 ...................................................................... xv Language Reference Features......................................................................... xix Using End Tags ..................................................................................................xx Developer Resources.........................................................................................xx About ColdFusion Documentation ............................................................... xxi Getting Answers ............................................................................................ xxiii xiv CFML Language Reference Intended Audience This reference is intended for web developers who have a working knowledge of ColdFusion; that is, you know how to use tags and functions, but you need a comprehensive reference that provides an in-depth description of each tag and function, and examples of how tags and functions are used in the context of an HTML/ CFML page. Welcome to the ColdFusion 4.5 Web Application Server The ColdFusion 4.5 release focuses on fundamentals -- the fundamentals of delivering your e-business: faster development, better reliability, enhanced scalability, expanded integration, and stronger security. At the center of the ColdFusion 4.5 release is an application server platform that's been highly optimized with new functionality and native support for UNIX. As a result, your e-business systems will run better and do more. With this release we're launching a new edition of ColdFusion Server for Linux so you can take advantage of the reliability and performance of the hottest new Internet server operating system. While optimizing the core server, we also enhanced fundamental features including email integration, server-side FTP and HTTP, advanced security, scheduling, and database connectivity -- again giving you more reliability and new functionality. The focus on fundamentals extends to new features. As part of a broad new commitment to Java, ColdFusion 4.5 has a range of new Java integration options from Java CFXs to Java Servlet support to Java object and EJB connectivity. In ColdFusion Studio 4.5, we added new tools to make you more productive including a flexible new project architecture that makes managing and deploying complex Web applications a snap. On the server, we focused on reliability, performance and security with features such as service-level fail-over, Cisco Local Director integration, and OS security integration. Whether you're revolutionizing your company's HR operations, building the next generation of your firm's global intranet, or launching the next killer .COM company, you'll find the speed, scalability, connectivity, and security you need in ColdFusion 4.5. Products and System Requirements ColdFusion has been fully tested on the following platforms and with the following configurations. ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Windows · Windows NT 4.0 SP4+ · Intel Pentium or above · 150 MB hard disk space Preface xv · 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended for clustering) ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Solaris · SPARC Solaris 2.5.1, 2.6, or 7 (patch 103582-1B or higher) · 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended for clustering) · 200 MB hard disk space ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Linux · Red Hat Linux 6.0 or 6.1 · Intel Pentium or above · 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended for clustering) · 150 MB hard disk space ColdFusion Server 4.5 Professional Edition for Windows · Windows 95/98 or Windows NT 4.0 · Intel Pentium or above · 50 MB hard disk space · 32 MB RAM (128 MB recommended) ColdFusion Server 4.5 Professional Edition for Linux · Red Hat Linux 6.0 or 6.1 · Intel Pentium or above · 64 MB RAM (128 MB recommended) · 100 MB hard disk space ColdFusion Studio 4.5 · Windows 95/98/NT4 · Intel Pentium or above · 35 MB hard disk space · 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended) New features in ColdFusion 4.5 A wide range of new features are available in ColdFusion 4.5. xvi CFML Language Reference New visual tools Universal File Browser -- Access all your files from a single explorer that integrates access to the Windows file system, ColdFusion RDS servers, and FTP servers. Dragand-drop between any of these services all in an integrated file browser. Advanced Project Management -- Manage your complex Web application development projects with a new project architecture that gives you more flexibility and control using physical, virtual, and auto-inclusive project folders as well as project resource browsing. Scriptable Deployment -- Deploy applications to complex server configurations with FTP or ColdFusion Remote Development Services (RDS). Use VBScript or Java Script to fully script deployment of projects with granular control over how files uploaded. Setup deployment scripts using a powerful wizard and save scripts for re-use. Collapsible Code -- Work with large, complex scripts and pages more easily by collapsing sections of the code in the editor so you can build sophisticated applications more quickly. Function Insight -- Find the parameters and format for functions instantly and inline as you code. Image Map Editor -- Create image maps right in ColdFusion Studio with a new easyto-use visual tool. Configuration Wizard -- Setup your work environment so it meets all your needs using any of more than dozen common configurations. TopStyle CSS Editor -- Create and edit standards-compliant cascading style sheets to easily control the look and feel of your web applications. WML Support -- Build wireless Web applications quickly and easily with the complete set of Wireless Markup Language (WML) visual tools. Enhancements to CFML Object Scripting -- Instantiate and script objects using CFML script in addition to the CFOBJECT tag easier integration with distributed object middleware such as COM and CORBA. Structured Exception Handling -- Exception handling now offers hierarchical exception handling that supports both greater customization and greater access to internal exceptions. String Conversion Functions -- Convert strings quickly and easily to be compatible with Java Script and XML standards. Better reliability Server Probes -- Guarantee high availability by automatically detecting when a ColdFusion Server or Web server hangs or stops, failing-over to a new machine in a ColdFusion cluster, and restarting the server with problems. (Enterprise Edition only) Preface xvii Improved Automatic Server Recovery -- Monitor and automatically restart server process in case of failures or critical errors on individual servers not deployed in a cluster. Clustering Support for Apache -- Setup ColdFusion clusters on Linux and Solaris using the Apache Web Server. (Enterprise Edition only) Automatic Shared Variable Locking -- Lock user and session variable reads automatically at the server level to prevent destabilizing conflicts and control thread write contentions. Configure variable locking to meet the specific needs of your applications. Individual Data Source Control -- Enable and disable individual data sources individually without affecting server availability for runtime data source maintenance without server restarts. Improved performance Cisco Local Director Integration -- Deliver very large scale sites with Cisco Local Director intelligently balancing load based on the load metrics provided by the ColdFusion Servers in a cluster. (Enterprise Edition only) Client-Side Page Caching -- Leverage browser page caching to avoid unnecessary downloads of unchanged pages and improve overall site performance. Programmatically control refresh of client-side cache to ensure users see most up-todate output. White Space Removal -- Reduce white space left by processed code in application pages to make the pages smaller and faster. Control white space removal programmatically or administratively. Scriptable Performance Metrics -- Track key server metrics at run time through your own scripts for intelligent diagnosis of performance bottlenecks of stability problems in your applications. Performance Debugging Data -- Access detailed debugging information on the performance of each individual page included in an application page that is being debugged. Enterprise connectivity features Transaction Commit and Rollback -- Control database transactions with programmable commit and rollback support for more reliable and better-managed database interactions. Java Object and EJB Connectivity -- Connect to any Java object or Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) hosted by any major EJB server to extend ColdFusion and access complex business logic or third party distributed components. Java Servlets -- Call Java Servlets hosted by a Servlet Engine such as Allaire JRun from within a ColdFusion application to access extended functionality xviii CFML Language Reference Java-based ColdFusion Extensions (CFX) -- Extend ColdFusion with new functionality through CFXs created with Java. Binary Object Support -- Use Character Large Binary Object (CLOB) support to encoded binary objects, transmit them via XML, and store them in databases or files. SQL Bind Parameters -- Improve query performance, security and flexibility with explicitly typed query parameters. WDDX 1.0 -- Exchange complex data, including encoded images, between servers and with other programming environments even faster using the latest version of Web Distributed Data Exchange (WDDX). OS Command Execution -- Execute OS shell scripts, services, executables and batch files from within ColdFusion applications. LDAP 3.0 -- Use all the power of LDAP 3.0 for directory access including file filtering, SSL encryption, and Microsoft Active Directory integration. Enhanced Mail Integration -- Develop more sophisticated and robust email applications with new support for controlling mail headers, BCC, and multiple file attachments. Improved Server-Side HTTP -- Use URL redirection, SSL, cookies, return headers, and more robust server-side HTTP support for building distributed Web applications. Security enhancements General OS Security Integration -- Secure entire Web applications and control access to files and objects through your existing Windows NT security architecture. Authenticated users in your applications can be limited to privileges authorized through Windows security. (Windows NT Only) OS Server Sandbox Security -- Secure shared hosting environments more easily by creating Server Sandboxes with Windows NT security. OS Server Sandboxes process all requests under the privileges of a designated Windows NT user account (Enterprise Edition for Windows only). Enhanced Advanced Security -- Secure CFML functions and enable CFML code segments to be executed using the run-time security permissions of a designated user. New Advanced Security Interface -- Manage Advanced Security configuration more quickly and easily with a completely redesigned browser-based resource view. Scriptable Advanced Security Administration -- Configure ColdFusion Advanced Security through your own CFML scripts for easier maintenance of ColdFusion Servers. Preface xix Language Reference Features The CFML Language Reference provides descriptions, syntax, usage, and code examples for: · CFML Tags · CFML Functions · JavaScript objects used when implementing web distributed data exchange (WDDX) The CFML Language Reference also provides a chapter on expressions, operators, and other CFML constructs. Using Examples Each tag and function features a runnable example, using code drawn from the snippets directory (found in webroot\cfdocs\snippets). The display and usage for these examples differs depending on the delivery mechanism: · Printed and PDF documentation -- Whenever possible, the printed documentation displays a complete example. In some cases, extraneous code has been removed to maintain clarity and to conserve space. · HTML documentation -- Each tag or function displays an examples button that you click to execute that element. The online example displays two frames: one that runs the example, and one that displays the associated code. In some cases, code examples are view-only due to logistic, administrative, or security reasons. The examples button uses a relative reference to access the page that runs the code snippet. Snippets will not run if files have been moved or if ColdFusion Server is not running. When running examples using ColdFusion Studio on a workstation that isn't running ColdFusion Server, you will need to specify the ColdFusion Server location using the Browse tab on the Settings dialog box. Using Code Snippets The snippets directory contains example code for every CFML tag and function. You can browse this directory to find examples of CFML tag and function usage in many different contexts. xx CFML Language Reference Using End Tags Except where noted in the syntax, CFML tags do not require an end tag. However, all CFML tags (except CFELSE and CFELSEIF) can accept an optional end tag, as follows: · Shorthand -- You can use shorthand notation to include the end tag with the base tag. For example: · Explicit specification -- You can specify an end tag explicitly. However, there can be no white space between the start and end tags. For example: You do not typically code optional end tags. 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