User manual NERO NERO BURNING ROM

CD-Recording Software for Windows 95, Windows 3.1x, Windows NT This manual and the included software Nero - Burning Rom are protected under copyright. All rights reserved. The copying or reproduction - in part or in whole - is not allowed. Claims against ahead software that are above and beyond the warranty are invalid. Specifically ahead software accepts no responsibility for the validity of the contents of this manual. Changes to the software are reserved. All trademarks are termed exclusively for information purposes. Thanks very much to all helping hands - and there were a lot! Copyright © 1995 - 1998 by ahead software gmbh Contents Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 CD-Recording as a New Technology 1.2 Applications for CD-Recording 1.3 Layout of the Manual 1.4 Conventions 5 5 5 6 7 2 INSTALLING NERO 2.1 System Requirements 2.1.1 Hardware Requirements 2.1.2 Overview: Components for CD-Recording 2.2 The Installation 2.2.1 Installation of the SCSI Host Adapter 2.2.2 Installation of the CD-Recorder 2.2.3 Installation of Nero 2.2.3.1 Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 2.2.3.2 Windows 3.1x 2.2.4 Uninstalling Nero 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 3 QUICKSTART 3.1 Create a New Compilation 3.2 Determining Maximum Write Speed 3.3 Simulation of the Write Procedure: 3.4 The Burn Process (Write Process) 13 14 14 15 15 4 FUNDAMENTALS OF CD-RECORDING 4.1 The Rainbow Books 4.1.1 Red Book 4.1.2 Yellow Book 4.1.3 Green Book 4.1.4 Orange Book 4.1.5 White Book 4.1.6 Blue Book 4.2 Definition of Concepts 4.2.1 Tracks 4.2.2 Sectors 4.2.3 Table of Contents 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 20 1 Contents 4.2.4 Single-Session, Multi-Session 4.2.5 Disc At Once, Track At Once 4.3 Recording Formats 4.3.1 Audio-CD 4.3.2 CD-ROM 4.3.3 ISO 9660 4.3.4 Mixed-Mode CD 4.3.5 Enhanced Music CD 4.3.6 Photo-CD 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 5 NERO 5.1 Basic Process 5.2 Terms and Concepts 5.3 User Interface 5.3.1 Title Bar 5.3.2 Menu Bar 5.3.3 Toolbar 5.3.4 Status Bar 5.3.5 Right Mouse Button - Context-Related Menus 5.3.6 Nero Windows 5.3.6.1 The File Browser Window 5.3.6.2 The CD-ROM Compilation Window 5.3.6.3 The Audio-CD Compilation Window 5.3.6.4 The Mixed-Mode-CD Compilation Window 5.3.6.5 The Multisession-CD Compilation Window 5.4 Finally: Nero burns... 5.4.1 Burn Dialog 5.4.2 Write Speed Test 5.4.3 Simulation 5.4.4 Writing methods 5.4.5 Burn Process (Write process) 25 25 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 30 30 31 32 33 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 6 STEP BY STEP 6.1 CD-ROM 6.2 Audio-CD 6.3 Image File 6.3.1 Creating the Image File 6.3.2 Writing the Image File 6.4 CD-Copy 6.4.1 Copying a complete CD 6.4.2 Save an audio track as a Wav.file 6.4.3 Saving data tracks 39 39 41 42 42 42 44 44 45 46 2 Contents 6.5 Mixed-Mode CD 6.6 Multisession CD 48 50 7 REFERENCE 7.1 The FILE Menu 7.1.1 FILE> New 7.1.2 FILE> Open 7.1.3 FILE> Close 7.1.4 FILE> Save 7.1.5 FILE> Save as... 7.1.6 FILE> Compilation Info (CD-ROM) 7.1.6.1 The INFO Property Sheet 7.1.6.2 The MULTISESSION Property Sheet 7.1.6.3 The FILE OPTIONS Property Sheet 7.1.6.4 The VOLUME DESCRIPTOR Property Sheet 7.1.6.5 The DATES Property Sheet 7.1.6.6 The BURN Property Sheet 7.1.7 FILE> Compilation Info (Audio-CD) 7.1.7.1 The INFO Property Sheet 7.1.7.2 The AUDIO-CD Property Sheet 7.1.7.3 The BURN Property Sheet 7.1.8 FILE> Refresh Compilation 7.1.9 FILE> Write CD 7.1.10 FILE> Burn Image 7.1.10.1 The INFO Property Sheet 7.1.10.2 The BURN Property Sheet 7.1.11 FILE> CD-Copy 7.1.11.1 The IMAGE Property Sheet 7.1.11.2 The COPY OPTIONS Property Sheet 7.1.11.3 The BURN Property Sheet 7.1.12 FILE> Preferences 7.1.12.1 The GENERAL Property Sheet 7.1.12.2 The CACHE Property Sheet 7.1.12.3 The LANGUAGE property Sheet 7.1.13 FILE> Page View 7.1.14 FILE> Print 7.1.15 FILE> Exit 7.2 The EDIT Menu 7.2.1 Menu commands with an active File Browser window 7.2.1.1 EDIT> Select All 7.2.1.2 EDIT> Invert Selection 7.2.1.3 EDIT> Properties 7.2.2 Menu options with an active CD-ROM or Audio-CD window 7.2.2.1 EDIT> Undo 7.2.2.2 EDIT> Cut 7.2.2.3 EDIT> Copy 7.2.2.4 EDIT> Paste 7.2.2.5 EDIT> Delete 7.2.2.6 EDIT> Select All 53 53 53 54 56 56 56 57 58 59 61 63 64 65 66 66 66 67 67 68 70 71 71 72 72 73 76 76 76 77 78 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 81 82 82 82 82 82 83 3 Contents 7.2.2.7 EDIT> Invert Selection 7.2.2.8 EDIT> Properties 7.2.2.9 FILE> Add File 7.2.2.10 EDIT> Create Folder 7.2.2.11 EDIT> Find 7.2.3 Shortcut keys for the EDIT menu 7.3 The VIEW Menu 7.3.1 VIEW> Toolbar and VIEW> Status Bar 7.3.2 VIEW> New File Browser 7.3.3 VIEW> Original or VIEW> ISO 9660 7.3.4 VIEW> By Name, By Type, By Size, By Date, By Position 7.4 The CD-RECORDER Menu 7.4.1 CD-RECORDER> Choose Recorder 7.4.2 CD-RECORDER> CD-Info 7.4.3 CD-RECORDER> Save track 7.4.4 CD-RECORDER> Erase CD-ReWritable 7.4.5 CD-RECORDER> Eject CD 7.5 The WINDOW Menu 7.5.1 WINDOW> New Window 7.5.2 WINDOW> Overlapping 7.5.3 WINDOW> Horizontal 7.5.4 WINDOW> Vertical 7.5.5 WINDOW> Arrange Icons 7.6 The ? Menu (Help) 7.6.1 HELP TOPICS 7.6.2 About Nero 83 83 87 88 88 89 89 89 90 90 90 91 91 92 93 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 99 99 99 8 THE NERO MULTI MOUNTER 101 9 APPENDIX A - ISO CHARACTER SET AND CONVERSION RULES 103 9.1 Conversion Rules 9.2 ISO 9660 characterset 103 105 10 APPENDIX C - SHORTCUTS (HOTKEYS) 10.1 In the FILE Menu 10.2 In the EDIT Menu 10.3 In the CD-RECORDER Menu 107 107 107 107 11 GLOSSARY 109 4 Introduction 1 Introduction 1.1 CD-Recording as a New Technology At the beginning of the 1980's, the CEO of a large electronics company which was intensively driving the development of the digital compact disc (CD) - used at that time primarily for music - was asked if there was truly a market for these little discs. Since then, the question has provided its own answer. Analog black records can now only be found at flea markets, and in most music stores the space for cassettes is less and less to make room for CDs. Its memory capacity of 650 MB and the excellent price-performance relationship, combined with problem-free usage and data security, made the data processing world sit up and take notice of the new medium. At the same time, people were really only thinking of a read-only technology (ROM = Read Only Memory) in 1985. In 1989 a process was developed with which a CD can be directly written by means of a laser beam. The way for the self-creation of CDs was thus opened. At the moment you can distinguish a CD recordable from the nonwritable by their gold or green burning side. Massproduced CDs are silver, and they cannot be burned on a CD-recorder. With the passage of time, the self-creation of CDs to meet individual needs has been made easy and economically feasible thanks to improved hardware and practical software. You have just such a product in your possession right now: Thanks to its user-friendly interface and optimized processes, Nero - Burning Rom makes it possible for you to easily and quickly create your own CDs. 1.2 Applications for CD-Recording The CD is an ideal medium for the distribution of information of any kind (text, images, sound, data and programs). Along with relatively low production costs, it provides high memory capacity with direct access and a long life span, and is thus without competition at this time, even when you only have low production numbers. For this reason, a majority of all PCs today are already equipped with a CD-ROM drive. The self-created CD opens a wide range of application possibilities: 5 Chapter 1 Let's assume that you, as a program developer, have generated a test version of your software and copied it directly to a CD-R. You may immediately test it for functionality and performance and then pass it on to the pressing operation to have it copied. The same is true with electronic books and CBT applications (Computer Based Training), for example. Until today, magnetic tapes and streamers were generally employed for data security and for hard drive back-up, while microfilm and microfiche were widely used for archiving of data. Access to data stored in this manner is complicated and relatively slow. Here the CD represents an attractive alternative because you can access your data with more convenience and speed. If you want to archive your Photos in digital form, a CD is ideal for this, because it can handle the large file sizes. For example Photo-CDs have an application in the archiving of medical image data. Suitable data compression technologies make it possible to store entire films on Movie CDs. For music lovers, the self-creation of personal Audio-CDs should be among the most fascinating possibilities offered by CD-Recording. With this technology, you could compile your own entirely personal "The Best on CD" list, for example. Speaking of that: The protection of intellectual property is guaranteed by national and international laws and regulations. Before you write data which is not yours onto a CD, you must therefore check into the legality of making the copy. The creation of copies of outside-sourced data is usually allowed only under specific conditions, or not at all. The responsibility for this in any case is entirely yours. 1.3 Layout of the Manual This manual consists of a total of seven chapters which are supplemented by an Appendix and an extensive glossary. You have just finished reading Chapter 1. Chapter2 describes the installation of Nero with Windows. Chapter 3 presents a simple example to show you how to create your first CD. Chapter 4 covers the basics of CD-Recording. Chapter 5 will familiarize you with Nero in detail. You will learn more about procedures, the individual windows and the actual writing or burn process there. Chapter 6 is a step-by-step description of how you can create and write an ISO compilation, an Audio-CD or an image file. Chapter 7 contains the Nero Reference. The indiviual menu items are systematically explained there. 6 Introduction In the Appendices, you will find tables with the allowed character sets and a summary of key shortcuts. The Glossary is found at the end of the manual. Here, you will find brief explanations of all of the important terms used. 1.4 Conventions We have added brief commentaries and icons in the margins throughout the manual. They are intended to help you find important information at a glance. When you see this icon, it means: Caution! Pay special attention at this point. 7 Chapter 1 8 Installing Nero 2 Installing Nero In this chapter, you will find out which components you need for CDRecording and how you install and configure Nero with Windows 3.1x, Windows NT and Windows 95. 2.1 System Requirements 2.1.1 Hardware Requirements As the minimal configuration for all Windows operating systems, you must have: A PC with a 486 processor or higher and speed of at least 33 Mhz, a minimum of 8 MB RAM and an SCSI Host Adapter with WINASPI support. The PC must have a CD-ROM drive in order to install Nero. If your CDRecorder is recognized as a CD-ROM drive when running with Windows, you may also use the recorder. Up to now, Windows 95 has supported all of the drivers which are required for this. You may experience less success with Windows 3.1x. Your hard drive should be as fast as possible. The access time should be under 19 milliseconds. The necessary transfer rate from the hard drive to the recorder depends on the speed with which your recorder can write. If you have a 1x recorder, we recommend a transfer speed of at least 1 MB/second, and correspondingly 4 MB/second with 4x. Otherwise the data are not continuously transferred to the recorder; the result can easily be a buffer underrun condition, the "worst possible scenario" in CD-Recording. For Nero, you need approximately 4.8 MB of hard drive space. 2.1.2 Overview: Components for CD-Recording You will require the following components CD-Recording: for - an SCSI-Host Adapter with a power cable, - a CD-Recorder (either an internal or external device) and a terminator as required (if not installed internally), - you already have therecording software(Nero - Burning Rom ), - and, of course, you will need CD-Recordables . You can find out which CD-recorders are currently supported by Nero in the Appendix covering Supported CD-Recorders , or you can get this information from your supplier. 9 Chapter 2 2.2 The Installation 2.2.1 Installation of the SCSI Host Adapter Install the SCSI Host Adapter according to the manufacturer's instructions. Don't forget to also install the software for the SCSI Adapter. If necessary, you must also install the ASPI Manager for Windows which is supplied with your SCSI Adapter. And finally, you must restart your PC. Caution: Not all SCSI Host Adapters support WINASPI. You must therefore make absolutely sure when you buy your adapter that it supports WINASPI. 2.2.2 Installation of the CD-Recorder Please refer to the installation instructions supplied with your recorder for detailed procedures. Caution: If you only have one recorder connected to the SCSI Adapter or if your recorder is the last SCSI device connected, then you must generally provide a terminator for the open SCSI plug on the recorder. Some recorders have built-in termination. Again, you will find information on this subject in the recorder manual. Don't forget to plug in the power cable. If driver software is provided with the recorder that enables you to also use it as a CD-ROM, install the software. Your recorder is now ready for operation. Restart your PC now. Caution for an external recorder: Switch the recorder on first, and then the PC. If you do not follow this sequence, the recorder will not be recognized by the operating system; you will have to restart the PC at some time before you want to write to a CD. 2.2.3 Installation of Nero You can configure Nero without any problems by using the installation program. For the setup, carry out the following steps, corresponding to the operating system you use. 2.2.3.1 Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 1. Insert the Nero - Burning RomCD in the CD-ROM drive. 2. In the Start Menu under Run, select setup.exe on the Nero CD. 3. The Installation Program will guide you through the subsequent steps. Just follow the instructions as they appear on the screen. You will be asked to enter such information as your name, your company and the serial number of the CD. You will find the serial number on or in the Nero package. You then have the option of choosing between 10 Installing Nero different setup types. After completing the installation, you can start Nero immediately. 2.2.3.2 Windows 3.1x 1. 2. 3. 4. Insert the Nero - Burning RomCD in the CD-ROM drive. Select the CD-ROM drive in File Manager . Then select thesetup.exe program on the Nero CD. The Installation Program will guide you through the subsequent steps. Just follow the instructions as they appear on the screen. You will be asked to enter such information as your name, your company and the serial number of the CD. You will find the serial number on or in the Nero package. You then have the option of choosing between different setup types. Finally, you will need to enter the program group. After completing the installation, you can start Nero immediately. Congratulations! You have completed the installation of your Nero. Now go to the Quickstart in Chapter 3 in the manual to find out how to write your first CD. When you start Nero, the system preferences will be checked to ensure that any preference settings which could initiate a message, thereby interrupting the burn process, are deactivated. This check is performed every time you start Nero, and the preference settings concerned are changed accordingly if you accept them and the PC is then restarted. 2.2.4 Uninstalling Nero If you are using Windows 95, Nero can be uninstalled, if necessary. Select Nero from the Start Menu under Setttings/Control Panel/Add-Rem ... Programs, and select Remove. This operation will delete all Nero program files and will removeNero from the Start Menu. With Windows 3.1x, simply delete the Nero programs and any Nero program groups which might exist in the File Manager. 11 Quickstart 3 Quickstart After you have successfully installed Nero, you can begin your first job with the recording software. In this chapter, we will use a simple example to show you how you can create a CD with Nero. We will assume that you have installed Nero with Windows 95. You can now open Nero through the task bar and the Start Menu. You will find the default installation for the program under START > Programs > Nero - Burning Rom. Open Nero by clicking on it in the Start Menu. The following illustration shows the options window for a New Compilation, which is the default window after Nero is started. The dialog box New Compilation In a brief summary, the entire process for the creation of a CD may be described in the following steps: 1. Creating a Compilation. In the Compilation, you determine which files will be written on the CD. The next two steps are for the only purpose of avoiding a possible buffer underrun. 2. Determining Write Speed, also called the Speed test. This test is where the maximum possible write speed is defined. If a slower speed is measured in the Speed test than provided by the current setting, the speed setting is correspondingly reduced. This test should be performed before every simulation - or before the burn process, when there is no simulation. 13 Chapter 3 3. 4. Simulation of the Write Procedure: Here, the data of the compilation are transferred to the CD-recorder, but the laser beam does not write the data onto the CD. In this way it is determined whether you can expect everything to run without problems during the burn process. Burn process (Write process). You simply make sure a recordable CD is correctly inserted and then press the Write button, provided of course the write speed test and simulation were successful. 3.1 Create a New Compilation In the New Compilation dialog box, click on the CD-ROM compilation type (it doesn't matter which property sheet is currently activated). Leave all of the default options as they are. Then, in the upper right of the same window, click on theNew button. The Compilation window will open. This window consists of two panes. In the left window, replace the file name NEW (in the upper left next to the CD icon) with HELLO. In the right window, you will see the Nero file browser. The selection of the data which you want to write onto the CD is very simple with the browser. For your first attempt to write a CD, select the file "Hello.txt" from the file browser in the directory [Drive name]:\Programs\ahead\Nero (if you have accepted the suggested target directory during installation) and drag it into the left compilation window. Then activate it by clicking on it somewhere. Now save the compilation by clicking on the floppy disk icon in the toolbar. The Save window will open. Type in the file name HELLO and then activate the Save button. Your first compilation file is now complete. 3.2 Determining Maximum Write Speed Click on the icon for Write CD in the toolbar. The Write CD window is displayed with the Burn property sheet. The boxes for Determine Maximum Speed and Simulate are already selected in this window. Click on the Write selection box at this time. You may leave all of the other options with their default settings. Confirm your selection by clicking on the Write button. In the following illustration, you see the Write CD dialog box with the Burn property sheet and the selected options. 14 Quickstart The dialog box Write CD As the first step, Nero will now determine the maximum possible write speed and then transfer this value into the Write Speed field. 3.3 Simulation of the Write Procedure: The execution of this step was already set by the previous selection of the Simulate box. Nero now simulates the burn process in order to test whether the actual burn process will also run without any problems. Nero will inform you when the simulation has ended. With many recorders, the CD will be ejected. This means that, depending on the recorder, it might be necessary to either re-insert the caddy or to close the CD drawer. 3.4 The Burn Process (Write Process) You have already been prompted above to select the Write control box. By doing this, the burn process is performed immediately after the simulation. Nero will now begin the entire writing procedure with all of the preselected phases. During this process, a status window is opened (refer to the following illustration) which provides you with different information during writing. The current compilation is displayed in the upper pane of the window. The phase which is running and its result is shown in the center pane. Below this, you will see a progress display for each process. 15 Chapter 3 The status window during the burn process The end of the writing process is indicated by an information box. Good job! You have just created your first CD-ROM. 16 Fundamentals of CD-Recording 4 Fundamentals of CD-Recording CD-Recording is a relatively new technology. An explanation of new terms is therefore just that much more important. In this chapter, along with the most important fundamentals of CD-Recording, we will introduce you to the important terms and their meaning. 4.1 The Rainbow Books Knowledge of the most important standards is necessary for a basic understanding of CD-Recording. The first standard was defined in 1980 by Sony and Philips. It was published in a book with a red cover. Subsequent definitions followed this style, and each used a book cover with a different color. As a result, this series of standards has also become known as the Rainbow Books . The family of Rainbow Books is being expanded constantly, including new versions of those already in existence which are published in order to keep up with new developments. For example, modifications were made in the Red Book in order to improve the play-back reliability of recordable CDs, which are actually described in the Orange Book. 4.1.1 Red Book The first CD standard was known by the name "Compact Disc Digital Audio" (CD-DA). It describes the way music CDs, which may be played back by typical CD players, are prod uced. However, even the name "Compact Disc Digital Audio" is not exactly correct. Among other things, the fundamental structural principles of all CDs and their corresponding play-back devices are described in this standard. This is because the structure and the essential elements of all CD formats are the same. The Red Book defines the scan system at its lowest level, building from there to the EFM (Eight-to-Fourteen-Modulation) modulation process, a method for the synchronization and storing of control information (the length of the title, for example) and the CIRC (Cross Interleave Reed-Solomon Code) procedure for correcting errors. With the help of this process, the CD can even be played back when it is dirty or scratched. It is only at the highest level - and only this level is truly specialized in music - that it is defined how music is encoded on a CD (CD quality): 44.1 kHz, 16 bit stereo. 17 Chapter 4 4.1.2 Yellow Book In 1984 - for years after the first standard - the Yellow Book followed. This standard also originated with Sony and Philips. At the same time, the computer began to win the field. The significance of the CD as a storage medium for program files or applications for PC use was recognized very quickly. Thus, the CD-ROM was born. Two further track types are defined in the Yellow Book, which have been designated as Mode 1 and Mode 2 (originally only defined with CD-I). Mode 1 is used for pure CD-ROMs. It always employs an additional code for error recognition and correction in order to ensure that scratches or manufacturing defects do not have any influence on the accuracy of the computer data. Mode 2 is used with CD-ROM/XA (CD-ROM eXtended Architecture) and CD-I (Compact Disc - Interactive, see below), for example, and can be used for compressed audio data, videos, images and also for other types of data, whereby the differing types of data may occur within a single track. In addition, there is a differentiation between Form 1 and Form 2 sectors. In Form 1 - as with Mode 1 - a supplemental error recognition and correction code is used. It is only the arrangement of the data that is somewhat different. Form 2 does not make use of this additional protection. It is therefore only suitable for data in which errors do not necessarily create an interference (for example, with audio data). A process which describes the way tables of contents for computer data are filed on a CD is not defined in the Yellow Book. The most frequently used method is defined in ISO 9660 and is supported by most operating systems (Macintosh OS, MS-DOS and Windows, and also UNIX, for exa mple). 4.1.3 Green Book After three more years had elapsed, the next standard was introduced the Green Book. This standard describes the CD-I (Compact Disc - Interactive) and an operating system which is known as CD-RTOS. The specification for the CD-I Bridge was also published in the Green Book. Both standards represent an extension to the Red and Yellow Books, and they are based on ISO 9660. While the Audio-CD is only suited for music and the CD-ROM was developed only for use with a computer, the CD-I is aimed at the consumer market, although it has not achieved any wide-spread use there, except in one specialized form: the Photo-CD. 4.1.4 Orange Book Most CDs are of the Read Only type (can only be read, and not written to). The Orange Book Standard describes various processes for writing data onto a CD, which in the case of the CD-Recordable is also known as burn- 18