Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 NETGEAR, Inc. 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA 202-10059-02 Version 3 January 2005 January 2005 © 2005 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice. NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: · · · · Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22). ii January 2005 Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung. Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen. Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer It is hereby certified that the FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions. Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations. Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas. When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read instructions for correct handling. iii January 2005 Product and Publication Details Model Number: Publication Date: Product Family: Product Name: Home or Business Product: Language: FVS318v3 January 2005 Router FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall Business English iv January 2005 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats ................................................................1-1 How to Use This Manual ................................................................................................1-2 How to Print this Manual .................................................................................................1-3 Chapter 2 Introduction Key Features of the VPN Firewall ..................................................................................2-1 A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................2-2 Security ....................................................................................................................2-2 Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................2-3 Extensive Protocol Support ......................................................................................2-3 Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................2-4 Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................2-4 Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-5 The FVS318v3 Front Panel ......................................................................................2-5 The FVS318v3 Rear Panel ......................................................................................2-6 NETGEAR-Related Products .........................................................................................2-7 NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and Documentation .....................................2-7 Chapter 3 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Prepare to Install Your FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall ...............................................3-1 First, Connect the FVS318v3 .........................................................................................3-1 Now, Configure the FVS318v3 for Internet Access ........................................................3-4 Troubleshooting Tips ......................................................................................................3-6 Overview of How to Access the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall ..............................................3-8 How to Log On to the FVS318v3 After Configuration Settings Have Been Applied ..............................................................3-9 How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant ...........................................................3-10 Contents January 2005 v Using the Smart Setup Wizard ..................................................................................... 3-11 How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection ..................................................3-12 Chapter 4 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview ........................................................4-1 Block Sites ......................................................................................................................4-2 Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................4-3 Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) .............................................................................4-5 Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server ..........................................4-5 Inbound Rule Example: Allowing a Videoconference from Restricted Addresses 4-6 Considerations for Inbound Rules .....................................................................4-6 Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .........................................................................4-7 Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger .....................................4-7 Order of Precedence for Rules ................................................................................4-8 Default DMZ Server .................................................................................................4-8 Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port ...................................................................4-9 Services ........................................................................................................................4-10 Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic ......................................................4-12 Time Zone ..............................................................................................................4-13 Getting E-Mail Notifications of Event Logs and Alerts ..................................................4-14 Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access .............................................4-16 Syslog ....................................................................................................................4-17 Chapter 5 Basic Virtual Private Networking Overview of VPN Configuration ......................................................................................5-2 Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels ..............................................................................5-2 Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels .........................................................................5-2 Planning a VPN ..............................................................................................................5-3 VPN Tunnel Configuration ..............................................................................................5-5 How to Set Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration .................................................5-5 Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the FVS318v3 ..............5-6 Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the Remote PC ...........5-9 Monitoring the Progress and Status of the VPN Client Connection .......................5-16 Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client ....................................................5-18 Exporting a Security Policy ..............................................................................5-18 vi January 2005 Contents Importing a Security Policy ..............................................................................5-19 How to Set Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration ..........................................5-20 Procedure to Configure a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel ................................5-21 VPN Tunnel Control ......................................................................................................5-26 Activating a VPN Tunnel ........................................................................................5-26 Start Using a VPN Tunnel to Activate It ...........................................................5-26 Using the VPN Status Page to Activate a VPN Tunnel ....................................5-26 Activate the VPN Tunnel by Pinging the Remote Endpoint .............................5-27 Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel .....................................................................5-29 Deactivating a VPN Tunnel ....................................................................................5-30 Using the Policy Table on the VPN Policies Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel 5-30 Using the VPN Status Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel ...............................5-31 Deleting a VPN Tunnel ...........................................................................................5-32 Chapter 6 Advanced Virtual Private Networking Overview of FVS318v3 Policy-Based VPN Configuration ..............................................6-1 Using Policies to Manage VPN Traffic .....................................................................6-2 Using Automatic Key Management ..........................................................................6-2 IKE Policies' Automatic Key and Authentication Management ................................6-3 VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key Negotiation .................................................6-5 VPN Policy Configuration for Manual Key Exchange ...............................................6-9 Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication .......................................6-13 Certificate Revocation List (CRL) ...........................................................................6-14 Walk-Through of Configuration Scenarios on the FVS318v3 .......................................6-14 VPN Consortium Scenario 1: Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets .......................................................6-15 FVS318v3 Scenario 1: FVS318v3 to Gateway B IKE and VPN Policies ...............6-16 How to Check VPN Connections ...........................................................................6-21 Testing the Gateway A FVS318v3 LAN and the Gateway B LAN ...................6-21 FVS318v3 Scenario 2: FVS318v3 to FVS318v3 with RSA Certificates .................6-22 Chapter 7 Maintenance Viewing VPN Firewall Status Information .......................................................................7-1 Viewing a List of Attached Devices .................................................................................7-5 Upgrading the Firewall Software ....................................................................................7-5 Configuration File Management .....................................................................................7-7 Contents January 2005 vii Backing Up the Configuration ..................................................................................7-7 Restoring the Configuration .....................................................................................7-7 Erasing the Configuration .........................................................................................7-8 Changing the Administrator Password ...........................................................................7-8 Chapter 8 Advanced Configuration How to Configure Dynamic DNS ....................................................................................8-1 Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................8-2 Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................8-3 Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................8-4 Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................8-5 Configuring Static Routes ...............................................................................................8-5 Static Route Example ...............................................................................................8-7 Enabling Remote Management Access .........................................................................8-7 Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................9-1 Power LED Not On ...................................................................................................9-1 LEDs Never Turn Off ................................................................................................9-2 LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On ...........................................................................9-2 Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................9-3 Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................9-4 Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................9-5 Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ......................................................................9-5 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................9-6 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................9-7 Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................9-7 Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network, Routing, and Firewall Basics Related Publications ...................................................................................................... B-1 Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................. B-1 What is a Router? ................................................................................................... B-2 Routing Information Protocol ................................................................................... B-2 IP Addresses and the Internet ....................................................................................... B-2 viii January 2005 Contents Netmask .................................................................................................................. B-4 Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................. B-5 Private IP Addresses ............................................................................................... B-7 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ....................................................................... B-8 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................. B-9 Related Documents ................................................................................................. B-9 Domain Name Server .............................................................................................. B-9 IP Configuration by DHCP ........................................................................................... B-10 Internet Security and Firewalls .................................................................................... B-10 What is a Firewall? .................................................................................................B-11 Stateful Packet Inspection ...............................................................................B-11 Denial of Service Attack ..................................................................................B-11 Ethernet Cabling ...........................................................................................................B-11 Category 5 Cable Quality ...................................................................................... B-12 Inside Twisted Pair Cables .................................................................................... B-13 Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching ............................ B-14 Appendix C Virtual Private Networking What is a VPN? ............................................................................................................. C-1 What Is IPSec and How Does It Work? ......................................................................... C-2 IPSec Security Features ......................................................................................... C-2 IPSec Components ................................................................................................. C-2 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) ................................................................... C-3 Authentication Header (AH) .................................................................................... C-4 IKE Security Association ......................................................................................... C-4 Mode ................................................................................................................. C-5 Key Management .................................................................................................... C-6 Understand the Process Before You Begin ................................................................... C-6 VPN Process Overview ................................................................................................. C-7 Network Interfaces and Addresses ......................................................................... C-7 Interface Addressing ......................................................................................... C-7 Firewalls ........................................................................................................... C-8 VPN Tunnel Between Gateways ............................................................................. C-8 VPNC IKE Security Parameters .................................................................................. C-10 VPNC IKE Phase I Parameters ............................................................................. C-10 Contents January 2005 ix VPNC IKE Phase II Parameters ............................................................................ C-11 Testing and Troubleshooting ........................................................................................ C-11 Additional Reading ...................................................................................................... C-11 Appendix D Preparing Your Network Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking ....................................................... D-1 Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking ....................................... D-2 Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ................................................. D-2 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings ................................. D-4 Selecting Windows' Internet Access Method .......................................................... D-6 Verifying TCP/IP Properties .................................................................................... D-6 Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking ............................................ D-7 Install or Verify Windows Networking Components ................................................. D-7 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP/IP Settings ................................. D-8 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP ..................................................... D-8 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000 ................................................ D-10 DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4 .................................................. D-13 Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4 .............................. D-15 Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking ...................................................... D-16 MacOS 8.6 or 9.x .................................................................................................. D-16 MacOS X ............................................................................................................... D-16 Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers ......................................... D-17 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account ....................................................... D-18 Are Login Protocols Used? ................................................................................... D-18 What Is Your Configuration Information? .............................................................. D-18 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers ....................... D-19 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers ..................... D-20 Restarting the Network ................................................................................................ D-21 Appendix E VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVS318v3 Case Study Overview .................................................................................................... E-1 Gathering the Network Information ......................................................................... E-1 Configuring the Gateways ....................................................................................... E-2 Activating the VPN Tunnel ...................................................................................... E-5 The FVS318v3-to-FVS318v3 Case ............................................................................... E-6 x January 2005 Contents Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................... E-6 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters ............................................................... E-9 Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections .......................................................E-11 The FVS318v3-to-FVS318v2 Case ............................................................................. E-13 Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. E-13 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters ............................................................. E-16 Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... E-18 The FVS318v3-to-FVL328 Case ................................................................................. E-20 Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. E-20 Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters ............................................................. E-23 Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... E-25 The FVS318v3-to-VPN Client Case ............................................................................ E-27 Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel Overview ............................................................. E-27 Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. E-28 Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... E-36 Glossary List of Glossary Terms ................................................................................................... G-1 Numeric ......................................................................................................................... G-1 A .................................................................................................................................... G-1 B .................................................................................................................................... G-2 C .................................................................................................................................... G-2 D .................................................................................................................................... G-3 E .................................................................................................................................... G-4 G .................................................................................................................................... G-4 I ...................................................................................................................................... G-4 L ..................................................................................................................................... G-6 M .................................................................................................................................... G-6 P .................................................................................................................................... G-7 Q .................................................................................................................................... G-8 R .................................................................................................................................... G-8 S .................................................................................................................................... G-9 T .................................................................................................................................... G-9 U .................................................................................................................................... G-9 W ................................................................................................................................... G-9 Contents January 2005 xi xii January 2005 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience, scope, conventions, and formats of this manual. Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills. However, basic computer network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the NETGEAR Web site. This guide uses the following typographical conventions: Table 1-1. italics bold fixed Typographical Conventions Emphasis, books, CDs, URL names User input Screen text, file and server names, extensions, commands, IP addresses This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages: Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest. This manual is written for the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall according to these specifications.: Table 1-2. Product Version Manual Publication Date Manual Scope FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall January 2005 Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at http://kbserver.netgear.com/products/FVS318v3.asp. About This Manual January 2005 1-1 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following: · · Buttons, at a time and , for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page A button that displays the table of contents and an button. Double-click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual. A product model. button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online Knowledge Base for the · · Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters. 1-2 January 2005 About This Manual Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose one of the following several options, according to your needs. · Printing a Page in the HTML View. Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic. Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents. · Printing a Chapter. Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page. ­ Click the "PDF of This Chapter" link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print. The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window. Note: Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files. The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http://www.adobe.com. ­ Click the print icon in the upper left of the window. Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature. · Printing the Full Manual. Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page. ­ ­ Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual. The PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window. Click the print icon in the upper left of the window. Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature. About This Manual January 2005 1-3 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 1-4 January 2005 About This Manual Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall. Key Features of the VPN Firewall The FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall with eight-port switch connects your local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem. The FVS318v3 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation (NAT) for security, the FVS318v3 uses stateful packet inspection for Denial of Service attack (DoS) protection and intrusion detection. The FVS318v3 allows Internet access for up to 253 users. The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall provides you with multiple Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts -- both via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Web site addresses and address keywords, and share high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal computers. In addition to NAT, the built-in firewall protects you from hackers. With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes. The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall provides the following features: · · · · · · · · Easy, Web-based setup for installation and management. Content filtering and site blocking security. Built-in eight-port 10/100 Mbps switch. Ethernet connection to a WAN device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem. Extensive protocol support. Login capability. Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity. Flash memory for firmware upgrade. Introduction January 2005 2-1 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT firewalls, the FVS318v3 is a true firewall, using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include: · DoS protection. Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND Attack, and IP Spoofing. · · · Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN. Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits. Logs security incidents. The FVS318v3 logs security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your e-mail address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs. · With its content filtering feature, the FVS318v3 prevents objectionable content from reaching your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to access objectionable Internet sites. Security The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as described in this section. · PCs Hidden by NAT NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network. Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN. Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the firewall allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request, or to one designated "DNS" host computer. You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports. · 2-2 January 2005 Introduction Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink With its internal eight-port 10/100 switch, the FVS318v3 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation. The firewall incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port automatically senses whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub. That port then configures itself to the correct configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection. Extensive Protocol Support The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/ IP) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to Appendix B, "Network, Routing, and Firewall Basics." · IP Address Sharing by NAT The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account. Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall dynamically assigns network configuration information, including IP, gateway, and Domain Name Server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network. DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The firewall obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN. Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by simulating a dial-up connection. This feature eliminates the need to run a login program such as Entersys or WinPOET on your PC. · · · Introduction January 2005 2-3 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Easy Installation and Management You can install, configure, and operate the FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall within minutes after connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and management tasks: · Browser-based management Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure your firewall from almost any type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. A user-friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser-based Web Management Interface. Smart Wizard The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection, asking you only for the information required for your type of ISP account. Diagnostic functions The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping, DNS lookup, and remote reboot. Remote management The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface from a remote location on the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access to a specified remote IP address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port number. Visual monitoring The FVS318v3 VPN Firewall's front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity. · · · · Maintenance and Support NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall: · · Flash memory for firmware upgrade. Free technical support seven days a week, 24 hours a day. Note: The FVS318v3 firmware is not backward compatible with earlier versions of the FVS318 firewall. 2-4 January 2005 Introduction Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Package Contents The product package should contain the following items: · · · · · FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall. AC power adapter. Category 5 (Cat 5) Ethernet cable. Installation Guide. Resource CD (240-10114-02) for ProSafe VPN Firewall, including: -- This guide. -- Application Notes and other helpful information. · Registration and Warranty Card. If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the firewall for repair. The FVS318v3 Front Panel The front panel of the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall contains the status LEDs described below. PWR Test Internet LOCAL Ports Figure 2-1: FVS318v3 front panel You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, Table 2-1 describes the LEDs on the front panel of the firewall. These LEDs are green when lit. Introduction January 2005 2-5 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Table 2-1. LED Label PWR TEST INTERNET LED Descriptions Activity On On Off Description Power is supplied to the firewall. The system is initializing. The system is ready and running. 100 (100 Mbps) LINK/ACT (Link/Activity) LOCAL 100 (100 Mbps) LINK/ACT (Link/Activity) On Off On Blinking The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 100 Mbps. The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 10 Mbps. The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device. Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port. On Off On Blinking The Local port is operating at 100 Mbps. The Local port is operating at 10 Mbps. The Local port has detected a link with an attached device. Data is being transmitted or received by the Local port. The FVS318v3 Rear Panel The rear panel of the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall contains the port connections listed below. FACTORY DEFAULTS Reset Button LOCAL Ports INTERNET Port DC Power ON/OFF Switch Figure 2-2: FVS318v3 rear panel Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following features: · · · 2-6 January 2005 Factory default reset push button Eight Ethernet LAN ports Internet Ethernet WAN port for connecting the firewall to a cable or DSL modem Introduction Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 · · DC power input ON/OFF switch NETGEAR-Related Products NETGEAR products related to the FVS318v3 are listed in the following table: Table 2-2. Category Notebooks NETGEAR-Related Products Wireless WAG511 108 Mbps Dual Band PC Card WG511T 108 Mbps PC Card WG511 54 Mbps PC Card WG111 54 Mbps USB 2.0 Adapter MA521 802.11b PC Card MA111 802.11b USB Adapter WAG311 108 Mbps Dual Band PCI Adapter WG311T 108 Mbps PCI Adapter WG311 54 Mbps PCI Adapter WG111 54 Mbps USB 2.0 Adapter MA111 802.11b USB Adapter MA701 802.11b Compact Flash Card ANT24O5 5 dBi Antenna ANT2409 Indoor/Outdoor 9 dBi Antenna ANT24D18 Indoor/Outdoor 18 dBi Antenna Antenna Cables­1.5, 3, 5, 10, and 30 m lengths VPN01L and VPN05L ProSafe VPN Client Software Wired FA511 CardBus Adapter FA120 USB 2.0 Adapter Desktops FA311 PCI Adapter FA120 USB 2.0 Adapter PDAs Antennas and Accessories NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and Documentation Register your product at http://www.NETGEAR.com/register. Registration is required before you can use our telephone support service. Product updates and Web support are always available by going to: http://kbserver.netgear.com. Documentation is available on the Resource CD and at http://kbserver.netgear.com. Introduction January 2005 2-7 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 When the VPN firewall router is connected to the Internet, click the Knowledge Base or the Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the documentation for the VPN firewall router. 2-8 January 2005 Introduction Chapter 3 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the firewall on your LAN, connect to the Internet, perform basic configuration of your FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall using the Setup Wizard, or how to manually configure your Internet connection. Follow these instructions to set up your firewall. Prepare to Install Your FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall · · For Cable Modem Service: When you perform the VPN firewall router setup steps be sure to use the computer you first registered with your cable ISP. For DSL Service: You may need information such as the DSL login name/e-mail address and password in order to complete the VPN firewall router setup. Before proceeding with the VPN firewall router installation, familiarize yourself with the contents of the Resource CD (240-10114-02) for ProSafe VPN Firewall, especially this manual and the animated tutorials for configuring networking on PCs. First, Connect the FVS318v3 1. CONNECT THE CABLES BETWEEN THE FVS318V3, COMPUTER, AND MODEM a. b. Turn off your computer. Turn off the cable or DSL broadband modem. Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-1 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 c. Locate the Ethernet cable (Cable 1 in the diagram) that connects your PC to the modem. A Figure 3-1: Disconnect the Ethernet cable from the computer d. e. Disconnect the cable at the computer end only, point A in the diagram. Look at the label on the bottom of the VPN firewall router. Locate the Internet port. Securely insert the Ethernet cable from your modem (Cable 1 in the diagram below) into the Internet port of the VPN firewall router as shown in point B of the diagram. B Internet port Cable 1 Internet Firewall Modem Figure 3-2: Connect the VPN firewall router to the modem 3-2 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 f. Securely insert the blue cable that came with your VPN firewall router (the blue NETGEAR cable in the diagram below) into a LOCAL port on the firewall such as LOCAL port 8 (point C in the diagram), and the other end into the Ethernet port of your computer (point D in the diagram). D Computer Blue NETGEAR Cable Internet C Firewall Local Ports Modem Figure 3-3: Connect the computer to the VPN firewall router Your network cables are connected and you are ready to restart your network. 2. RESTART YOUR NETWORK IN THE CORRECT SEQUENCE Warning: Failure to restart your network in the correct sequence could prevent you from connecting to the Internet. a. b. c. First, turn on the broadband modem and wait two minutes. Now, plug in the power cord to your VPN firewall router and wait one minute. Last, turn on your computer. Note: For DSL customers, if software logs you in to the Internet, do not run that software. You may need to go to the Internet Explorer Tools menu, Internet Options, Connections tab page where you can select "Never dial a connection." Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-3 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Power Test Internet Local Port 8 Figure 3-4: Status lights d. Check the VPN firewall router status lights to verify the following: · PWR: The power light should turn solid green. If it does not, see "Troubleshooting Tips" on page 3-6. · TEST: The test light blinks when the firewall is first turned on then goes off. If after two minutes it is still on, see "Troubleshooting Tips" on page 3-6. · INTERNET: The Internet LINK light should be lit. If not, make sure the Ethernet cable is securely attached to the VPN firewall router Internet port and the modem, and the modem is powered on. · LOCAL: A LOCAL light should be lit. Green on the 100 line indicates your computer is communicating at 100 Mbps; off on the 100 line indicates 10 Mbps. If a LOCAL light is not lit, check that the Ethernet cable from the computer to the firewall is securely attached at both ends, and that the computer is turned on. Now, Configure the FVS318v3 for Internet Access 1. From the Ethernet connected PC you just set up, open a browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator. 3-4 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 With the VPN firewall router in its factory default state, your browser will automatically display the NETGEAR Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant welcome page. Figure 3-5: NETGEAR Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant welcome screen Note: If you do not see this page, type http://www.routerlogin.net in the browser address bar and press Enter. If you still cannot see this screen, see "How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant" on page 3-10. If you cannot connect to the VPN firewall router, verify your computer networking setup. It should be set to obtain both IP and DNS server addresses automatically, which is usually so. For help with this, see Appendix D, "Preparing Your Network or the animated tutorials on the Resource CD. 2. Click OK. Follow the prompts to proceed with the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant to connect to the Internet. Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-5 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 3. Click Done to finish. If you have trouble connecting to the Internet, see "Troubleshooting Tips" on page 3-6 to correct basic problems. Figure 3-6: NETGEAR Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant success screen Note: The Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant only appears when the firewall is in its factory default state. After you configure the VPN firewall router, it will not appear again. You can always connect to the firewall to change its settings. To do so, open a browser such as Internet Explorer and go to http://www.routerlogin.net. Then, when prompted, enter admin as the user name and password for the password both in lower case letters. You are now connected to the Internet! Troubleshooting Tips Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have. Be sure to restart your network in this sequence: 1. 2. 3. 4. Turn off the VPN firewall router, shut down the computer, and unplug and turn off the modem. Turn on the modem and wait two minutes Turn on the VPN firewall router and wait one minute Turn on the computer. 3-6 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Make sure the Ethernet cables are securely plugged in. · The Internet link light on the VPN firewall router will be lit if the Ethernet cable to the VPN firewall router from the modem is plugged in securely and the modem and VPN firewall router are turned on. · For each powered on computer connected to the VPN firewall router with a securely plugged in Ethernet cable, the corresponding VPN firewall router LOCAL port link light will be lit. The labels on the front and back of the VPN firewall router identify the number of each LOCAL port. Make sure the network settings of the computer are correct. · LAN connected computers must be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP. Please see Appendix D, "Preparing Your Network or the animated tutorials on the Resource CD for help with this. · Some cable modem ISPs require you to use the MAC address of the computer registered on the account. If so, in the Router MAC Address section of the Basic Settings menu, select "Use this Computer's MAC Address." The firewall will then capture and use the MAC address of the computer that you are now using. You must be using the computer that is registered with the ISP. Click Apply to save your settings. Restart the network in the correct sequence. Use the status lights on the front of the FVS318v3 to verify correct firewall operation. If the FVS318v3 power light does not turn solid green or if the test light does not go off within two minutes after turning the firewall on, reset the firewall according to the instructions in "Backing Up the Configuration" on page 7-7. Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-7 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Overview of How to Access the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall The table below describes how you access the VPN firewall router, depending on the state of the VPN firewall router. Table 3-1. Firewall State Factory Default Note: The VPN firewall router is supplied in the factory default state. Also, the factory default state is restored when you use the factory reset button. See "Backing Up the Configuration" on page 7-7 for more information on this feature. Ways to access the firewall Access Options Automatic Access via the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant Description Any time a browser is opened on any computer connected to the VPN firewall router, the VPN firewall router will automatically connect to that browser and display the Configuration Assistant welcome page. There is no need to enter the VPN firewall router URL in the browser, or provide the login user name and password. Manually enter a URL You can bypass the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant to bypass the Smart feature by typing Wizard Configuration http://www.routerlogin.net/basicsetting.htm in the browser address bar and pressing Enter. You will not Assistant be prompted for a user name or password. This will enable you to manually configure the VPN firewall router even when it is in the factory default state. When manually configuring the firewall, you must complete the configuration by clicking Apply when you finish entering your settings. If you do not do so, a browser on any PC connected to the firewall will automatically display the firewall's Configuration Assistant welcome page rather than the browser's home page. Enter the standard URL to access the VPN firewall router Connect to the VPN firewall router by typing either of these URLs in the address field of your browser, then press Enter: Configuration Settings Have Been Applied http://www.routerlogin.net http://www.routerlogin.com The VPN firewall router will prompt you to enter the user name of admin and the password. The default password is password. Enter the IP address of the VPN firewall router Connect to the VPN firewall router by typing the IP address of the VPN firewall router in the address field of your browser, then press Enter. 192.168.0.1 is the default IP address of the VPN firewall router. The VPN firewall router will prompt you to enter the user name of admin and the password. The default password is password. 3-8 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 How to Log On to the FVS318v3 After Configuration Settings Have Been Applied 1. Connect to the VPN firewall router by typing http://www.routerlogin.net in the address field of your browser, then press Enter. Figure 3-7: Login URL 2. For security reasons, the firewall has its own user name and password. When prompted, enter admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password, both in lower case letters. To change the password, see "Changing the Administrator Password" on page 7-8 Note: The firewall user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection. A login window like the one shown below opens: Figure 3-8: Login window Once you have entered your user name and password, your Web browser should find the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall and display the home page as shown below. Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-9 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Figure 3-9: Login result: FVS318v3 home page When the VPN firewall router is connected to the Internet, click the Knowledge Base or the Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the documentation for the VPN firewall router. If you do not click Logout, the VPN firewall router will wait five minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out. How to Bypass the Configuration Assistant 1. When the VPN firewall router is in the factory default state, type http://www.routerlogin.net/basicsetting.htm in your browser, then press Enter. When the VPN firewall router is in the factory default state, a user name and password are not required. 2. The browser then displays the FVS318v3 settings home page shown in "Login result: FVS318v3 home page" on page 3-10. 3-10 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 If you do not click Logout, the VPN firewall router waits five minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out. Using the Smart Setup Wizard You can use the Smart Setup Wizard to assist with manual configuration or to verify the Internet connection. The Smart Setup Wizard is not the same as the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant (as illustrated in Figure 3-5) that only appears when the firewall is in its factory default state. After you configure the VPN firewall router, the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant will not appear again. To use the Smart Setup Wizard to assist with manual configuration or to verify the Internet connection settings, follow this procedure. 1. 2. Connect to the VPN firewall router by typing http://www.routerlogin.net in the address field of your browser, then press Enter. For security reasons, the firewall has its own user name and password. When prompted, enter admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password, both in lower case letters. To change the password, see "Changing the Administrator Password" on page 7-8 Note: The firewall user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection. Once you have entered your user name and password, your Web browser should find the FVS318v3 VPN Firewall and display the home page as shown in Figure 3-9. 3. 4. 5. Click Setup Wizard on the upper left of the main menu. Click Next to proceed. Input your ISP settings, as needed. At the end of the Setup Wizard, click the Test button to verify your Internet connection. If you have trouble connecting to the Internet, use the Troubleshooting Tips "Troubleshooting Tips" on page 3-6 to correct basic problems, or refer to Chapter 9, "Troubleshooting." Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-11 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection You can manually configure your firewall using the menu below, or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section. ISP Does Not Require Login ISP Does Require Login Figure 3-10: Browser-based configuration Basic Settings menu 3-12 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 You can manually configure the firewall using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 3-10 using these steps: 1. 2. 3. Log in to the firewall at its default address of http://www.routerlogin.net using a browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator. Click the Basic Settings link under the Setup section of the main menu. If your Internet connection does not require a login, click No at the top of the Basic Settings menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below. If your Internet connection does require a login, click Yes, and skip to step 4. a. Account: Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP's services such as mail or news servers. Internet IP Address: If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for your PC, select "Use static IP address". Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address. The Gateway is the ISP's firewall to which your firewall will connect. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the firewall during login, select "Use these DNS servers" and enter the IP address of your ISP's Primary DNS Server. If a Secondary DNS Server address is available, enter it also. Note: After completing the DNS configuration, restart the computers on your network so that these settings take effect. b. c. d. Firewall's MAC Address: This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the firewall on the Internet port. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your firewall to masquerade as that PC by "cloning" its MAC address. To change the MAC address, select "Use this Computer's MAC address." The firewall will then capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using. You must be using the one PC that is allowed by the ISP. Or, select "Use this MAC address" and enter it. e. Click Apply to save your settings. Connecting the Firewall to the Internet January 2005 3-13 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 4. If your Internet connection does require a login, fill in the settings according to the instructions below. Select Yes if you normally must launch a login program such as Enternet or WinPOET in order to access the Internet. Note: After you finish setting up your firewall, you will no longer need to launch the ISP's login program on your PC in order to access the Internet. When you start an Internet application, your firewall will automatically log you in. a. For connections that require a login using protocols such as PPPoE, PPTP, Telstra Bigpond Cable broadband connections, select your Internet service provider from the drop-down list. Figure 3-11: Basic Settings ISP list b. c. d. The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select. Fill in the parameters for your ISP according to the Wizard-detected procedures starting on page 3-11. Click Apply to save your settings. 3-14 January 2005 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet Chapter 4 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall to protect your network. These features can be found by clicking on the Security heading in the main menu of the browser interface. Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview The FVS318v3 ProSafe VPN Firewall provides you with Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Web addresses and Web address keywords. You can also block Internet access by applications and services, such as chat or games. A firewall is a special category of router that protects one network (the trusted network, such as your LAN) from another (the untrusted network, such as the Internet), while allowing communication between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of a NAT (Network Address Translation) router, while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack, and for controlling the types of traffic that can flow between the two networks. Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to protect your network from attacks and intrusions. NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that it considers whether the incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request, but true stateful packet inspection goes far beyond NAT. To configure these features of your firewall, click on the subheadings under the Security heading in the main menu of the browser interface. The subheadings are described below: Firewall Protection and Content Filtering January 2005 4-1 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Block Sites The FVS318v3 allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web address keywords. Up to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list. The Block Sites menu is shown in Figure 4-1: Figure 4-1: Block Sites menu To enable keyword blocking, check Turn keyword blocking on, then click Apply. To add a keyword or domain, type it in the Keyword box, click Add Keyword, then click Apply. To delete a keyword or domain, select it from the list, click Delete Keyword, then click Apply. Keyword application examples: · · · If the keyword "XXX" is specified, the URL is blocked, as is the newsgroup alt.pictures.XXX. If the keyword ".com" is specified, only Web sites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or .gov) can be viewed. If you wish to block all Internet browsing access, enter the keyword ".". 4-2 January 2005 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 To specify a Trusted User, enter that PC's IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply. You may specify one Trusted User, which is a PC that will be exempt from blocking and logging. Since the Trusted User will be identified by an IP address, you should configure that PC with a fixed or reserved IP address. Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other. Inbound rules (WAN to LAN) restrict access by outsiders to private resources, selectively allowing only specific outside users to access specific resources. Outbound rules (LAN to WAN) determine what outside resources local users can have access to. A firewall has two default rules, one for inbound traffic and one for outbound. The default rules of the FVS318v3 are: · · Inbound: Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side. Outbound: Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside. These default rules are shown in the Rules table of the Rules menu in Figure 4-2: Figure 4-2: Rules menu Firewall Protection and Content Filtering January 2005 4-3 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 You may define additional rules that specify exceptions to the default rules. By adding custom rules, you can block or allow access based on the service or application, source or destination IP addresses, and time of day. You can also choose to log traffic that matches or does not match the rule you have defined. To create a new rule, click the Add button. To edit an existing rule, select its button on the left side of the table and click Edit. To delete an existing rule, select its button on the left side of the table and click Delete. To move an existing rule to a different position in the table, select its button on the left side of the table and click Move. At the script prompt, enter the number of the desired new position and click OK. An example of the menu for defining or editing a rule is shown in Figure 4-3. The parameters are: · Service. From this list, select the application or service to be allowed or blocked. The list already displays many common services, but you are not limited to these choices. Use the Services menu to add any additional services or applications that do not already appear. Action. Choose how you would like this type of traffic to be handled. You can block or allow always, or you can choose to block or allow according to the schedule you have defined in the Schedule menu. Source Address. Specify traffic originating on the LAN (outbound) or the WAN (inbound), and choose whether you would like the traffic to be restricted by source IP address. You can select Any, a Single address, or a Range. If you select a range of addresses, enter the range in the start and finish boxes. If you select a single address, enter it in the start box. Destination Address.The Destination Address will be assumed to be from the opposite (LAN or WAN) of the Source Address. As with the Source Address, you can select Any, a Single address, or a Range unless NAT is enabled and the destination is the LAN. In that case, you must enter a Single LAN address in the start box. Log. You can select whether the traffic will be logged. The choices are: · · Never -- no log entries will be made for this service. Match -- traffic of this type that matches the parameters and action will be logged. · · · · 4-4 January 2005 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding) Because the FVS318v3 uses Network Address Translation (NAT), your network presents only one IP address to the Internet, and outside users cannot directly address any of your local computers. However, by defining an inbound rule you can make a local server (for example, a Web server or game server) visible and available to the Internet. The rule tells the firewall to direct inbound traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination port number. This is also known as port forwarding. Note: Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP. Remember that allowing inbound services opens holes in your FVS318v3 VPN Firewall. Only enable those ports that are necessary for your network. Following are two application examples of inbound rules: Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server If you host a public Web server on your local network, you can define a rule to allow inbound Web (HTTP) requests from any outside IP address to the IP address of your Web server at any time of day. This rule is shown in Figure 4-3: Figure 4-3: Rule example: a local public Web server Firewall Protection and Content Filtering January 2005 4-5 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Inbound Rule Example: Allowing a Videoconference from Restricted Addresses If you want to allow incoming videoconferencing to be initiated from a restricted range of outside IP addresses, such as from a branch office, you can create an inbound rule. In the example shown in Figure 4-4, CU-SEEME connections are allowed only from a specified range of external IP addresses. In this case, we have also specified logging of any incoming CU-SeeMe requests that do not match the allowed parameters. Figure 4-4: Rule example: a videoconference from restricted addresses Considerations for Inbound Rules · If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires. Consider using the Dyamic DNS feature in the Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network. If the IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is rebooted. To avoid this, use the Reserved IP address feature in the LAN IP menu to keep the PC's IP address constant. Each local PC must access the local server using the PC's local LAN address (192.168.0.99 in this example). Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external WAN IP address will fail. · · 4-6 January 2005 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) The FVS318v3 allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network. This is called service blocking or port filtering. You can define an outbound rule to block Internet access from a local PC based on: · · · · IP address of the local PC (source address) IP address of the Internet site being contacted (destination address) Time of day Type of service being requested (service port number) Following is an application example of an outbound rule: Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger If you want to block Instant Messenger usage by employees during working hours, you can create an outbound rule to block that application from any internal IP address to any external address according to the schedule that you have created in the Schedule menu. You can also have the firewall log any attempt to use Instant Messenger during that blocked period. Figure 4-5: Rule example: blocking Instant Messenger Firewall Protection and Content Filtering January 2005 4-7 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Order of Precedence for Rules As you define new rules, they are added to the tables in the Rules table, as shown below: Figure 4-6: Rules table with examples For any traffic attempting to pass through the firewall, the packet information is subjected to the rules in the order shown in the Rules table, beginning at the top and proceeding to the default rules at the bottom. In some cases, the order of precedence of two or more rules may be important in determining the disposition of a packet. The Move button allows you to relocate a defined rule to a new position in the table. Default DMZ Server Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the firewall unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service for which you have configured an inbound rule. Instead of discarding this traffic, you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network. This computer is called the Default DMZ Server. 4-8 January 2005 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT. The firewall is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC's IP address is entered as the Default DMZ Server. Note: For security, NETGEAR strongly recommends that you avoid using the Default DMZ Server feature. When a computer is designated as the Default DMZ Server, it loses much of the protection of the firewall, and is exposed to many exploits from the Internet. If compromised, the computer can be used to attack your network. To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server: 1. 2. 3. Click Default DMZ Server. Type the IP address for that server. Click Apply. Note: In this application, the use of the term "DMZ" has become common, although it is a misnomer. In traditional firewalls, a DMZ is actually a separate physical network port. A true DMZ port is for connecting servers that require greater access from the outside, and will therefore be provided with a different level of security by the firewall. A better term for our application is Exposed Host. Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port If you want the firewall to respond to a ping from the Internet, click the Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port check box. This should only be used as a diagnostic tool, since it allows your firewall to be discovered. Don't check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so. Firewall Protection and Content Filtering January 2005 4-9 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Services Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers. For example, Web servers serve Web pages, time servers serve time and date information, and game hosts serve data about other players' moves. When a computer on the Internet sends a request for service to a server computer, the requested service is identified by a service or port number. This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets. For example, a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request. The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and published in RFC1700, "Assigned Numbers." Service numbers for other applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application. Although the FVS318v3 already holds a list of many service port numbers, you are not limited to these choices. Use the Services menu to add additional services and applications to the list for use in defining firewall rules. The Services menu shows a list of services that you have defined, as shown in Figure 4-7: Figure 4-7: Services menu To define a new service, first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application. This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the application or from user groups of newsgroups. 4-10 January 2005 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 To add a service: 1. When you have the port number information, go the Services menu and click on the Add Custom Service button. The Add Services menu appears as shown in Figure 4-8: Figure 4-8: Add Custom Service menu 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Enter a descriptive name for the service so that you will remember what it is. Select whether the service uses TCP or UDP as its transport protocol. If you can't determine which is used, select both. Enter the lowest port number used by the service. Enter the highest port number used by the service. If the service only uses a single port number, enter the same number in both fields. Click Apply. The new service now appears in the Services menu, and in the Service name selection box in the Rules menu. Firewall Protection and Content Filtering January 2005 4-11 Reference Manual for the ProSafe VPN Firewall FVS318v3 Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic If you enabled content filtering in the Block Sites menu, or if you defined an outbound rule to use a schedule, you can set up a schedule for when blocking occurs or when access is restricted. The firewall allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced by configuring the Schedule page shown below: Figure 4-9: Schedule page 4-12 January 2005 Firewall Protection and Content Filtering