User manual NETGEAR RT314 - REFERENCE GUIDE

Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers NETGEAR, Inc. 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA Phone 1-888-NETGEAR M-RT311NA-2 June 2000 © 2000 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice. NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: · · This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: · · · · Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers are shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B (CISPR 22). ii Bestätigung des Herstellers/Importeurs Es wird hiermit bestätigt, daß das Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers gemäß der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgeführten Bestimmungen entstört ist. Das vorschriftsmäßige Betreiben einiger Geräte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschränkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung. Das Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, daß dieses Gerät auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfüllung der Vorschriften hin zu überprüfen. Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer It is hereby certified that the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers have been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions. Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations. VCCI-2 Statement This equipment is in the 2nd Class category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas. When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read instructions for correct handling. Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator (URL) http://www.netgear.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required. iii iv Contents Preface Purpose ........................................................................................................................... xv Audience .......................................................................................................................... xv Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi Special Message Formats .........................................................................................xvi Use of Enter, Type, Press, and Click .........................................................................xvi Other Conventions ...................................................................................................xvii Related Publications .......................................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Introduction About the Router ............................................................................................................1-1 Features ..........................................................................................................................1-1 Key Features ............................................................................................................1-2 Autosensing 10/100 Ethernet ...................................................................................1-3 TCP/IP ......................................................................................................................1-3 IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+ ....................................................1-3 Port Forwarding with NAT ..................................................................................1-3 Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP ..........................................1-4 DNS Proxy .........................................................................................................1-4 PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) ..............................................................................1-4 Security ....................................................................................................................1-4 PCs Hidden by NAT ...........................................................................................1-4 Packet Filtering ..................................................................................................1-4 Port-Address Translation ...................................................................................1-4 Management ............................................................................................................1-5 Browser-based Setup Wizard ............................................................................1-5 Manager Interface ..............................................................................................1-5 Contents v Chapter 2 Installing and Connecting the Router Package Contents ..........................................................................................................2-1 Local Network Hardware Requirements .........................................................................2-2 Router Description ..........................................................................................................2-3 Connecting the Router ....................................................................................................2-5 Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network ............................................................2-5 Connecting the Model RT311 router to your Local Area Network .....................2-6 Connecting the Model RT314 router to your Local Area Network .....................2-6 Connecting to the Internet ........................................................................................2-6 Connecting the Serial Cable (Optional) ....................................................................2-7 Connecting the Power Adapter ................................................................................2-7 Verifying Power .........................................................................................................2-7 Chapter 3 Preparing Your Network Preparing the PCs for IP Networking ..............................................................................3-1 Configuring Windows 95 or Windows 98 for IP Networking .....................................3-2 Configuring TCP/IP Properties .................................................................................3-4 Verifying TCP/IP Properties .....................................................................................3-5 Your Internet Account .....................................................................................................3-5 Login Protocols ........................................................................................................3-5 Account Information .................................................................................................3-6 Obtaining Configuration Information After the ISP Configures Your PC ...................3-6 Sharing the Internet Connection .....................................................................................3-7 Configuration Methods ...................................................................................................3-7 Chapter 4 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router Configuring for Internet Access ......................................................................................4-1 Other Features of the Browser Interface .........................................................................4-7 Chapter 5 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration Connecting for Configuration ..........................................................................................5-1 Connecting Through a Serial Port ............................................................................5-2 Connecting Through a Telnet Connection ................................................................5-2 Using the Manager Interface ..........................................................................................5-4 Turning on Power to the Router ................................................................................5-4 vi Contents Navigating the Manager ...........................................................................................5-6 Manager Menu Summary ........................................................................................5-6 General Setup Menu ................................................................................................5-8 WAN Setup ...............................................................................................................5-9 LAN Setup ..............................................................................................................5-10 LAN Port Filter Setup Menu .............................................................................5-10 TCP/IP and DHCP Setup ................................................................................5-11 Manager Password Setup ......................................................................................5-13 Chapter 6 Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access Internet Access Configuration ........................................................................................6-1 Configuration for Local Servers ......................................................................................6-3 Local Web and FTP Server Example ................................................................6-4 Local Game Host or Videoconference Example ................................................6-5 Setting Static Routes ......................................................................................................6-5 Static Route Example ...............................................................................................6-8 Dynamic DNS ...............................................................................................................6-10 Chapter 7 Configuring Filters Router Filter Structure ....................................................................................................7-1 Configuring a Filter Set ...................................................................................................7-2 Configuring a Filter Rule .................................................................................................7-6 TCP/IP Filter Rule ....................................................................................................7-6 Generic Filter Rule ...................................................................................................7-9 Applying a Filter Set .....................................................................................................7-10 Default Filters ................................................................................................................7-11 Filter 1: NetBIOS_WAN ..........................................................................................7-11 Filter 2: NetBIOS_LAN ...........................................................................................7-11 Filter 3: TELNET_FTP_WAN .................................................................................7-11 Chapter 8 System Maintenance System Status ................................................................................................................8-1 Terminal Baud Rate ........................................................................................................8-4 Log and Trace .................................................................................................................8-4 View Error Log .........................................................................................................8-4 Contents vii Syslog and Accounting .............................................................................................8-5 Diagnostic Menu .............................................................................................................8-6 Back Up and Restore Configuration ...............................................................................8-8 Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration with a Serial Connection ...................8-8 Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP .........................................8-9 Software Update .............................................................................................................8-9 Updating Router Software Using a Serial Connection .............................................8-9 Updating Router Software Using FTP ....................................................................8-10 Command Interpreter Mode .........................................................................................8-11 Chapter 9 Troubleshooting Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................9-1 PWR LED Not On ....................................................................................................9-1 Test LED Never Blinks or LED Stays On ..................................................................9-2 LNK/ACT LEDs Not On ............................................................................................9-2 Troubleshooting the ISP Connection ..............................................................................9-2 Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................9-4 Testing the LAN Path to Your Router ........................................................................9-4 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device .................................................9-6 Troubleshooting the Manager Interface ..........................................................................9-6 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ........................................................9-7 Using a Serial Connection .......................................................................................9-7 Using FTP ................................................................................................................9-8 Chapter 10 Networks and Routing Basics Basic Router Concepts .................................................................................................10-1 What is a Router? ..................................................................................................10-1 Routing Information Protocol ..................................................................................10-2 IP Addresses and the Internet ...............................................................................10-2 Netmask .................................................................................................................10-4 Subnet Addressing .................................................................................................10-4 Private IP Addresses ..............................................................................................10-7 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................10-7 MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol ................................................10-9 Domain Name Server .............................................................................................10-9 viii Contents IP Configuration by DHCP ...................................................................................10-10 Appendix A Technical Specifications General Specifications ................................................................................................... A-1 Glossary Index Contents ix x Contents Figures Figure 2-1. Figure 2-2. Figure 2-3. Figure 2-4. Figure 3-1. Figure 4-1. Figure 4-2. Figure 4-3. Figure 4-4. Figure 4-5. Figure 4-6. Figure 5-1. Figure 5-2. Figure 5-3. Figure 5-4. Figure 5-5. Figure 5-6. Figure 6-1. Figure 6-2. Figure 6-3. Figure 6-4. Figure 6-5. Figure 6-6. Figure 7-1. Figure 7-2. Figure 7-3. Figure 8-1. Figure 8-2. Figure 8-3. Figures RT311 Front Panel ...................................................................................2-3 RT314 Front Panel ...................................................................................2-3 RT311 Rear Panel ...................................................................................2-4 RT314 Rear Panel ...................................................................................2-5 Network Dialog Box--Network Components List .....................................3-3 Browser-based configuration main menu ................................................4-2 Browser-based Setup Wizard, first screen ...............................................4-3 Browser-based Setup Wizard, second screen .........................................4-4 Browser-based Setup Wizard, third screen .............................................4-5 Browser-based configuration, System Status screen ..............................4-7 Browser-based configuration, Router Statistics screen ...........................4-8 Start-up Display .......................................................................................5-4 Manager Main Menu ................................................................................5-5 Menu 1 - General Setup ...........................................................................5-8 Menu 2 - WAN Setup ...............................................................................5-9 Menu 3 - LAN Setup ..............................................................................5-10 Menu 23 - System Password .................................................................5-14 Menu 4 - Internet Access Setup ..............................................................6-2 Menu 15 - SUA Server Setup ...................................................................6-4 IP Static Routing Table Example ..............................................................6-6 Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route ..............................................................6-7 Static Route Example ..............................................................................6-9 Menu 1.1 - Configure Dynamic DNS ......................................................6-10 Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration ...........................................................7-2 Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary ..........................................................7-3 Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule .............................................................7-5 Menu 24 - System Maintenance ..............................................................8-2 Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status ..............................................8-2 Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic .......................................8-7 xi Figure 10-1. Three Main Address Classes .................................................................10-3 Figure 10-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ............................................10-5 Figure 10-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................10-8 xii Figures Tables Table 2-1. Table 4-1. Table 4-2. Table 5-1. Table 5-2. Table 5-3. Table 5-4. Table 5-5. Table 6-1. Table 6-2. Table 6-3. Table 7-1. Table 7-2. Table 7-3. Table 7-4. Table 7-5. Table 8-1. Table 8-2. Table 8-3. Table 8-4. Table 8-5. Table 10-1. Table 10-2. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-4 Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields .............................................................4-7 Router Statistics Fields ...........................................................................4-9 Manager Menu Commands ....................................................................5-6 Manager Menu Summary .......................................................................5-6 WAN Setup Fields ...................................................................................5-9 Menu 3.1 - LAN Port Filter Setup Fields ................................................5-11 Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Fields .........................................5-12 Menu 15 Field Entries (Example) .............................................................6-4 Edit IP Static Route Fields ......................................................................6-7 Dynamic DNS Configuration Fields ......................................................6-10 Abbreviations Used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary .....................7-3 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP .....................................................7-4 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN .................................................7-4 TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields ........................................................................7-7 Generic Filter Rule Fields .......................................................................7-9 System Maintenance Status ....................................................................8-3 System Maintenance Status Fields .........................................................8-3 System Maintenance - Log and Trace Fields ...........................................8-4 System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Fields .............................8-5 System Maintenance - Diagnostic Fields .................................................8-7 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet ................................10-6 Netmask Formats ...................................................................................10-6 Tables xiii xiv Tables Preface Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEARTM Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide connection for multiple personal computers (PCs) to the Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is normally intended for use by a single PC. Purpose This guide describes the features of the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers and provides installation and configuration instructions. Audience To configure and install the Model RT311 and RT314 routers, you should have the following background and experience: · · Working knowledge of basic network concepts and terminology Working knowledge of the Windows environment Note: If you are unfamiliar with basic routing concepts, refer to Chapter 10, "Networks and Routing Basics," to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this manual. Preface xv Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this guide. Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages: Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest. Caution: This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent equipment failure or loss of data. Warning: This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or equipment damage. Danger: This format is used to alert you that you may incur an electrical shock by mishandling equipment. Use of Enter, Type, Press, and Click This guide uses "enter," "type," "press" and "click" to describe the following actions: · · · · When you read "enter," type the text and press the Enter key. When you read "type," type the text, but do not press the Enter key. When you read "press," press only the alphanumeric or named key. When you read "click," click the left mouse button. xvi Preface Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Other Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions: italics courier font Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names. Screen text, user-typed command-line entries. Menu titles and window and button names. Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation [Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key. Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked with a plus (+) sign. DOS file and directory names. Initial Caps [Enter] [Ctrl]+C ALL CAPS Related Publications In this document, you are directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet. The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www.ietf.org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide. For more information about address assignment, refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT). Preface xvii Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers and discusses planning considerations for installation. About the Router The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router connects your local area network (LAN) to the Internet through an external single-user access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem. When personal computers (PCs) on the LAN need to communicate with locations on the Internet, the PCs send requests to the router. The router translates those requests so that the requests appear to originate from a single PC, rather than from a network of PCs. The router delivers the requests to the external access device for transmission to the Internet. Features The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers are flexible, high-performance, easy-to-use routers. These routers provide a cost-effective solution for connecting your entire network to a single-user broadband line, such as a cable modem or DSL modem. With minimum setup, you can install and use the router within minutes to meet the networking requirements of your LAN. Introduction 1-1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Key Features The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide the following features: · Ethernet LAN connection at 10 megabits per second (Mbps) or 100 Mbps ­ ­ ­ ­ · Internal four port 10/100 switch (Model RT314 router) Single 10/100 port (Model RT311 router) Autosensing for Ethernet (10BASE-T) or Fast Ethernet (100BASE-Tx) transmissions Half-duplex or full-duplex operation Ethernet connection to a wide area network (WAN) device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem ­ RJ-45 interface allowing connection to a 10BASE-T device · Protocol Support ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ IP routing Dynamic extended Network Address Translation (NAT+) with port forwarding for operation with a single static or dynamic IP address Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server for dynamically assigning network configuration information to PCs on the LAN DHCP client for dynamically obtaining configuration information from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) DNS Proxy for simplified configuration PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) support · Login capability ­ Automatically executes user login for RoadRunner cable modem service or PPP over Ethernet accounts · Easy installation and management ­ ­ ­ Configure from a web browser Built-in Manager interface for configuration of advanced features, accessible by serial terminal or Telnet Protocol Configurable through the LAN--no serial connection required · 1-2 Security Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers ­ ­ ­ · · · · Network Address Translation (NAT) hides local PCs from the Internet Powerful packet filtering capabilities Incoming port forwarding for specific services Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade Five-year warranty Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day Autosensing 10/100 Ethernet The Model RT311 and RT314 routers connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. The local LAN interface is autosensing and is capable of full-duplex operation. TCP/IP The Model RT311 and RT314 routers support the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to Chapter 10, "Networks and Routing Basics." IP Address Masquerading by Dynamic NAT+ The Model RT311 and RT314 routers allow several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, an extension of Network Address Translation (NAT), is also known as IP address masquerading and allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account. Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN, the router allows incoming traffic to be forwarded to specific PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request. Introduction 1-3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The Model RT311 and RT314 routers dynamically assign network configuration information, including IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of LAN-attached PCs. DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the router provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The router obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN. PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection. Security The Model RT311 and RT314 routers are equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as described in this section. PCs Hidden by NAT Network address translation (NAT) opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network. Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN. Packet Filtering The Model RT311 and RT314 routers provide extensive packet filtering capabilities. Packets are allowed or discarded based on their source or destination addresses, service port numbers, or raw data patterns within the packet. Port-Address Translation The Model RT311 and RT314 routers perform port-address translation. Requests originating from outside the local network are allowed to reach particular local workstations based on the type of service requested. 1-4 Introduction Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Management You can install, configure, and operate the router within minutes after connecting it to the network. Use your browser to configure for basic Internet access, or use Telnet to access the built-in manager interface for advanced features. Browser-based Setup Wizard A browser-based Wizard allows you to easily configure your router for basic Internet access from almost any type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or Linux. Manager Interface The Manager interface manages and configures the router through an easily understood screen process. You can access this interface through the MANAGER port on the rear panel of the router. Connect the workstation you are using to configure the router to this port. You can also access the Manager interface from across the network, using a Telnet session. Use the Manager interface in any of the following situations: · · · You need to make one or more computers available for access from the Internet using port forwarding. You need to create additional static routes. You need to create filters for incoming or outgoing data traffic. Introduction 1-5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 1-6 Introduction Chapter 2 Installing and Connecting the Router This chapter provides instructions for installing the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. Package Contents The product package should contain the following items: · · · · · Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router AC power adapter, 12 V DC output 10-foot twisted-pair Category 5 (Cat 5) Ethernet cable, straight-through wiring (white) 10-foot twisted-pair Category 5 Ethernet cable, crossover wiring (red) (RT311 only) Model RT311 and RT314 Resource CD, including: -- This guide -- Application Notes · · · Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router Installation Guide Registration and Warranty Card Support Information Card Call your dealer if there are any wrong, missing, or damaged parts. Keep the carton, including the original packing materials, to repack the router if there is a need to return it for repair. Installing and Connecting the Router 2-1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Local Network Hardware Requirements The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router is intended for use in a network of workstations that are interconnected by twisted-pair Ethernet or Fast Ethernet cables. Each workstation in the network must meet the following requirements: · · An Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) is installed. Workstations are connected by a hub or switch. If all workstations on the network will not run at the same speed (10 Mbps or 100 Mbps), a dual-speed hub or switch must be used. The Model RT314 router provides a switch capable of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps operation. Links operating at 100 Mbps are connected with Category 5 cable. The access device to be shared (cable modem or DSL modem) has a standard 10BASE-T Ethernet interface. · · 2-2 Installing and Connecting the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Router Description The front panels of the Model RT311 router (Figure 2-1) and Model RT314 router (Figure 2-2) contain status LEDs. Key: 1 = PWR (Power) LED 2 = TEST LED 3 = LOCAL LAN LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) and 100M LEDs 4 = INTERNET LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) LED Figure 2-1. RT311 Front Panel Key: 1 = PWR (Power) LED 2 = TEST LED 3 = LAN LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) and 100M LEDs 4 = INTERNET LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) LED Figure 2-2. RT314 Front Panel Installing and Connecting the Router 2-3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Table 2-1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the router. These LEDs are green when lit. Table 2-1. Label PWR (Power) TEST LED Descriptions Activity On Off On Off Blinking Description Power is supplied to the router. Power is not supplied to the router. The system is not ready or has failed to start up. The system is ready and running. The system is initializing. LOCAL LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) 100 (100 Mbps) INTERNET LNK/ACT (Link/Activity) On Blinking On Off On Blinking The LAN port has detected a link with an attached device. Data is being tranmitted or received by the LAN port. The LAN is operating at 100 Mbps. The LAN is operating at 10 Mbps. The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device. Data is being tranmitted or received by the Internet port. The rear panels of the Model RT311 router and Model RT314 router are shown in Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4. Refer to these diagrams to identify all the ports on the router when you attempt to make any connections. Key: 1 = Ground 2 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 3 = Local Ethernet port for connecting the router to the local LAN 4 = Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 = RS-232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC Figure 2-3. RT311 Rear Panel 2-4 Installing and Connecting the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Key: 1 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 2 = Local Ethernet ports for connecting the router to the local PCs 3 = RS-232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC 4 = Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 = Ground Figure 2-4. RT314 Rear Panel Connecting the Router Three connections must be made before using your router: · · · Connect your local Ethernet network to the LOCAL port(s) of the router. Connect your cable or DSL modem to the INTERNET port of the router. Connect the power adapter Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network Your local network will attach to the router port or ports marked LOCAL. Because the Model RT314 router includes a four-port switch while the Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network, the method of connection is different. Follow the procedure below for your specific model. The LOCAL ports of these routers are capable of operation at either 10 Mbps (10BASE-T) or 100 Mbps (100BASE-Tx), depending on the Ethernet interface of the attached PC, hub, or switch. For any connection which will operate at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5 (CAT5) rated cable, such as the white Ethernet cable included with the router. Installing and Connecting the Router 2-5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting the Model RT311 router to your Local Area Network The Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network. This port is wired as a host rather than a hub, and is intended to connect to a hub or switch in your network. To connect the Model RT311 router to your LAN: · Connect the LOCAL port of the router to your existing Ethernet hub or switch using the white straight-through Ethernet cable shipped with your router. To connect the router to a single PC: · Connect the LOCAL port of the router to the Ethernet port of your PC using the red Ethernet crossover cable shipped with your router. If the Ethernet port of your PC operates at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5 rated cable, such as the red Ethernet cable included with the Model RT311 router. Connecting the Model RT314 router to your Local Area Network The Model RT314 router incorporates a four-port switch for connection to your local network. To connect the Model RT314 router to your LAN: · Connect up to four PCs directly to any of the four LOCAL ports of the router using standard Ethernet cables. If your local network consists of more than four hosts, you will need to connect your router to another hub or switch: · Connect any LOCAL port of your Model RT314 router to the UPLINK port of an Ethernet hub or switch using standard Ethernet cable. If the UPLINK port of your hub or switch is selectable for UPLINK or NORMAL operation, be sure that UPLINK is selected. If the hub or switch does not contain an UPLINK port, you can connect to one of its normal ports using an Ethernet crossover cable. Connecting to the Internet To connect the router to the Internet or WAN: · Connect the INTERNET port of the router to your existing Internet access device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem. Because the INTERNET port operates only at 10 Mbps, the attached device must provide a 10BASE-T connection. No cable is provided with your router for this connection. Use the cable provided with your access device or any other standard 10BASE-T Ethernet cable. 2-6 Installing and Connecting the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Connecting the Serial Cable (Optional) In normal operation, you will not need a serial connection to the Manager port. This connection is used: · · to configure your router using the Manager interface if you cannot use Telnet, or to restore the router to factory defaults if you have lost your Manager password. To connect the serial cable: 1. 2. Plug one end of the 9-pin RS-232 cable into the MANAGER port. Plug the other end into a serial port (such as COM1 or COM2) of your PC. Note: You must use a 9-pin to 25-pin adapter if your PC has only a 25-pin port available. Connecting the Power Adapter To connect the router to the power adapter: 1. 2. 3. Plug the connector of the power adapter into the 12 VDC adapter outlet on the rear panel of the router. Plug the other end of the adapter into a standard wall outlet. Verify that the PWR LED on the router is lit. Verifying Power After connecting the power adapter to the router and a power source, the router powers on automatically. Complete the following steps to verify that power is correctly applied to the router: 1. 2. 3. When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on. Verify that the TEST LED begins to blink within a few seconds. After approximately 30 seconds, verify that: a. b. c. The TEST LED is not lit. The LOCAL LNK/ACT LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected. The INTERNET LNK/ACT LED is lit. 2-7 Installing and Connecting the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers If a LNK/ACT LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. 4. If a LOCAL port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the 100 LED is lit. You are now ready to begin configuration of your network, as described in the following chapter. 2-8 Installing and Connecting the Router Chapter 3 Preparing Your Network This chapter describes the preparation for connecting your PCs to the Internet using the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. Before configuring your router, you must perform the following tasks: · · Configure your PCs for using the TCP/IP networking protocol Order broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP) Details of these tasks are given in the following sections. Preparing the PCs for IP Networking The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers use the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), commonly referred to as TCP/IP. In order to access the Internet through the router, each PC on your network must have TCP/IP installed and selected as the networking protocol. The required components are listed below for various operating systems: · · · · Windows® 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT®: Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network. Windows 3.1: You need a TCP/IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon. Macintosh: You can use MacTCP, which is included with later Macintosh models. UNIX and variants: These operating systems usually include TCP/IP components. Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP/IP on your computer. Although TCP/IP is built into the Windows operating system, beginning with Windows 95, it must be enabled and configured. Refer to "Configuring Windows 95 or Windows 98 for IP Networking" below for further instructions to configure your PCs for IP networking. Preparing Your Network 3-1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers In your IP network, all PCs and the router must be assigned IP addresses. Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items, refer to Chapter 10, "Networks and Routing Basics." Unless you have a reason to do otherwise, install TCP/IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information from a DHCP server during bootup. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers are shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server. The router assigns the following TCP/ IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted: · · · · PC or workstation IP addresses--192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.31 Subnet mask--255.255.255.0 Gateway address (the router)--192.168.0.1 DNS server (the router)--192.168.0.1 (The router performs DNS Proxy.) These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks. Configuring Windows 95 or Windows 98 for IP Networking All PCs must have an Ethernet network adapter card installed and must have the TCP/IP networking protocol installed and configured as their networking protocol. The Windows TCP/IP installation must be done manually as described in this section. You may be asked to insert your Windows CD during the installation process. To configure Microsoft® Windows 95 or Windows 98 for IP networking: 1. 2. 3. 4. From the Windows toolbar, select Start. Select Settings. Select Control Panel. Double-click on Network. In the displayed list of installed components, as illustrated in Figure 3-1, you must have an Ethernet adapter, the TCP/IP protocol, and Client for Microsoft Networks. Note: It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter, TCP/IP, or Client for Microsoft Networks. 3-2 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Figure 3-1. Network Dialog Box--Network Components List If you need the adapter: a. b. c. Click on the Add button. Select Adapter, and click on Add again. Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter, and click on OK. If you need TCP/IP: a. b. c. d. Click on the Add button. Select Protocol, and then click on Add again. Select Microsoft. Select TCP/IP, and click on OK. If you need Client for Microsoft Networks: a. Click on the Add button. Preparing Your Network 3-3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers b. c. d. Select Client, and then click on Add again. Select Microsoft. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and click on OK. You need to restart your PC after making these changes. Configuring TCP/IP Properties After the TCP/IP protocol components are installed, you must configure each PC with specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network. The simplest way to obtain this information is to allow the PC to obtain configuration information from the internal DHCP server of the router. Note: If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of a broadband modem, you may need to copy the current configuration information. Refer to "Obtaining Configuration Information After the ISP Configures Your PC" on page 3-6 for further information. If you are using DHCP with the recommended default addresses, you can configure your PCs by following these steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Install TCP/IP on each PC, selecting DHCP for obtaining configuration settings. Physically connect the PCs and the router using a hub or a direct connection. Restart the router and allow it to boot. Restart each PC. The router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server and assigns the following TCP/IP configuration information automatically: · · · · PC or workstation addresses--192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.31 Netmask--255.255.255.0 Gateway address (the router)--192.168.0.1 DNS server (the router)--192.168.0.1 (The router performs DNS Proxy by default.) 3-4 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Verifying TCP/IP Properties After your PC has been configured and rebooted, you can check the TCP/IP configuration using the Windows utility winipcfg.exe (for Windows NT systems, use ipconfig.exe). From the Start button, open the Run window, type winipcfg, and click on OK. In the winipcfg display window, select your Ethernet adapter. If you are using the default TCP/IP settings recommended by NETGEAR, the following information will appear: · · · The IP address should be between 192.168.0.2 and 192.168.0.31. The subnet mask should be 255.255.255.0. The default gateway should be 192.168.0.1. Click on More Info, and verify the following: · The DNS server should be 192.168.0.1. Your Internet Account You must contract with an Internet service provider (ISP) for a single-user Internet access account. You can connect your multiuser network through a single-user account by using the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of your router. In a single-user account, your ISP assigns only one registered Internet Protocol (IP) address for your use. With most accounts, this address is assigned dynamically when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP, and you will not need to know the actual address. The NAT feature of your router translates the private IP addresses of your network PCs to this address for accessing the Internet. Login Protocols Some ISPs require a special login protocol. In this case, you will need to know what type of protocol is used, and you will need a login name and password. The two common protocols are: · · PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) RoadRunner Not all RoadRunner service areas require a login protocol. If your ISP is RoadRunner, you should ask whether your PC must run a RoadRunner login program. Preparing Your Network 3-5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Account Information Unless these items are dynamically assigned by the ISP, your ISP should give you the following basic information for your account: · · · · An IP address and subnet mask A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISP's router One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses Host name and domain suffix If these items are supplied dynamically, your router acquires them automatically. If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem, you may need to copy this information from your PC's Network TCP/IP Properties screen before reconfiguring your PC for use with the router. This procedure is described in a following section. Obtaining Configuration Information After the ISP Configures Your PC If the ISP configured your Windows 95 or Windows 98 PC during your modem installation, follow the steps below to get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access: 1. 2. 3. From the Windows toolbar, select Start. Select Run... In the Open field, type: winipcfg 4. 5. Click OK. Write down the IP Address and Subnet Mask values shown in the Ethernet Adapter Information box. You may need to select your Ethernet network adapter in order to see these values. 6. 7. 8. Click on the More Info button. Write down the addresses of the DNS servers shown in the Host Information box. Write down the full host name, including domain suffix, shown in the Host Information box. The host name should appear similar to this example: 3-6 Preparing Your Network Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers jsmith.santaclara.gearguy.com In this case, the host name precedes the first dot ("jsmith"), and the domain name or suffix consists of the remaining information ("santaclara.gearguy.com"). 9. Write down the address of the default gateway shown in the Ethernet Adapter Information box. This information can also be obtained by selecting the Network icon in the Windows Control Panel. Select TCP/IP and click on Properties. Sharing the Internet Connection The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router provides an Internet connection for multiple computer workstations through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is intended for use by a single workstation. For a single-workstation Internet account, an Internet service provider (ISP) supplies TCP/IP configuration information for one workstation. In order to share the Internet connection among several computers, your router must be programmed with the TCP/IP configuration information that would normally be used for that single workstation. When the router's INTERNET port is connected to the broadband modem, the router appears to the ISP as a single PC. The router allows the workstations on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem. The method used by the router to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation (NAT) or IP masquerading. Configuration Methods You are now ready to access and configure the router. Use one of the following options to configure your router: · Browser-based Wizard You can configure your router for basic Internet access using a web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. For instructions on using the browser-based configuration Wizard, refer to Chapter 4, "Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router." · Manager interface The menu-based internal Manager interface allows you to configure the more advanced features of the Model RT311 and RT314 routers. For example, the Manager interface allows you to: Preparing Your Network 3-7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers · · · Make one or more computers available for access from the Internet Create additional static routes Create filters for incoming or outgoing data traffic The Manager interface is accessible through a serial or a Telnet connection. For instructions on configuring the router using the Manager interface, refer to Chapter 5, "Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration." 3-8 Preparing Your Network Chapter 4 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router This chapter contains information about configuring your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router using the router's browser interface. You can configure your router for basic Internet access using a web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. In most cases, configuring your router with the browser interface's Setup Wizard will be sufficient. However, if you want to configure the advanced features, or if the Setup Wizard does not result in a working configuration, you will need to use the Manager interface. Refer to Chapter 5, "Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration," and Chapter 6, "Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access," for instructions about using the Manager interface. Configuring for Internet Access In order to use the browser-based Setup Wizard, your PC must have a web browser program installed such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Free browser programs are readily available for Windows, Macintosh, or Unix/Linux. To configure for Internet access using your browser: 1. Turn on the router and wait for initialization to complete. Allow at least one minute and verify that the TEST LED is off. 2. 3. 4. 5. Reboot your PC to obtain DHCP configuration from the router. Launch your web browser. In the Address box of your browser, type http://192.168.0.1 and press ENTER. A login box will appear asking for a name and password. For name, type admin and for password type 1234. Click OK. Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router 4-1 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers If your router password has been previously changed from the factory default of 1234, enter the current password. 6. In the opening screen, shown in Figure 4-1, select WIZARD SETUP. Figure 4-1. Browser-based configuration main menu 4-2 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 7. In the first Wizard screen, enter your account's Host Name and Domain Name, as shown in Figure 4-2 below: Figure 4-2. Browser-based Setup Wizard, first screen These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP's services such as mail or news servers. If you leave the Domain Name field blank, the router will attempt to learn the domain automatically from the ISP. If this is not successful, you will need to enter it manually. Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router 4-3 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 8. Click on Next to go to the ISP Parameters screen, shown in Figure 4-3 below: Figure 4-3. Browser-based Setup Wizard, second screen This screen determines whether a login program will be run. a. b. If your service provider does not require a login program, leave Encapsulation as Ethernet and proceed to Step 9. If your service provider uses PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), select Encapsulation as PPPoE, and enter these additional parameters: · · · If your connection supports multiple ISPs, enter the Service Name of the one you use. Otherwise leave Service Name blank. Enter the user name and password provided by your ISP. These fields are case sensitive. If you wish to change the login timeout, enter a new value in seconds. Proceed to Step 9. c. If your service provider is RoadRunner AND you are required to run a RoadRunner login program, leave Encapsulation as Ethernet and select Service Type as either RR-Manager or RR-Toshiba. Enter these additional parameters:. · · If your cable modem is Toshiba, select RR-Toshiba. Otherwise select RR-Manager. Enter the user name and password provided by your ISP. These fields are case sensitive. Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router 4-4 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers · If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address, enter it as Login Server IP address. Otherwise, leave this field as 0.0.0.0. Not all RoadRunner regions require a login program. If your region does not require a login, leave Service Type as Standard. 9. Click on Next to go to the final Wizard screen shown in Figure 4-4 below. Figure 4-4. Browser-based Setup Wizard, third screen This screen provides setup for the following parameters: a. WAN IP Address Assignment: Unless your ISP has assigned a fixed permanent IP address for your use, select "Get automatically from ISP". Otherwise, enter your IP Address, Subnet Mask, and the IP Address of your ISP's gateway router. DNS Server Address Assignment: If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login, select "Use this server" and enter the IP address of the ISP's DNS server. A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses) to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP transfers the IP addresses of one or two DNS servers to your router during login. If the ISP does not transfer an address, you must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here. If you enter an address here, you should reboot your PCs after configuring the router. b. Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router 4-5 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers c. WAN MAC address: If your ISP allows access by only one specific PC's Ethernet MAC address, select "Spoof this PC's MAC address" and enter the IP address of that PC. · · For convenience, the IP address of the PC you are now using should already appear. If this is not the PC whose MAC address is to be used, enter that PC's IP address. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened. They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC. This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC by using its MAC address. 10. Click on Finish. 11. Click on the NETGEAR website address to test your Internet connection. If the NETGEAR website does not appear within one minute, refer to Chapter 9, "Troubleshooting". 4-6 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Other Features of the Browser Interface In addition to the Setup Wizard, the browser interface provides a limited amount of status and usage information. From the Main Menu of the browser interface, click on Maintenance to view the System Status screen, shown in Figure 4-5. Figure 4-5. Browser-based configuration, System Status screen This screen shows the following parameters: Table 4-1. Field System Name Router Firmware Version WAN Port Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields Description This field displays the Host Name assigned to the router. This field displays the router firmware version. These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the router. Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router 4-7 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers Table 4-1. Field IP Address Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields Description This field displays the IP address being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the router. If no address is shown, the router cannot connect to the Internet. This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the router. If set to None, the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the WAN. If set to Client, the router is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the ISP. These parameters apply to the Local (WAN) port of the router. This field displays the IP address being used by the Local (LAN) port of the router. The default is 192.168.0.1 This field displays the IP Subnet Mask being used by the Local (LAN) port of the router. The default is 255.255.255.0 If set to None, the router will not assign IP addresses to local PCs on the LAN. If set to Server, the router is configured to assign IP addresses to local PCs on the LAN. IP Subnet Mask DHCP LAN Port IP Address IP Subnet Mask DHCP Click on the "Show Statistics" button to display router usage statistics, as shown in Figure 4-6 below: Figure 4-6. Browser-based configuration, Router Statistics screen 4-8 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers This screen shows the following statistics:. Table 4-2. Field Port Status TxPkts RxPkts Collisions Tx B/s Tx B/s Up Time System up Time Poll Interval Router Statistics Fields Description The statistics for the WAN (Internet) and LAN (local) ports. For each port, the screen displays: The link status of the port. The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear. The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear. The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear. The current line utilization--percentage of current bandwidth used on this port. The average line utilization --average CLU for this port. The time elapsed since this port acquired link. The time elapsed since the last power cycle or reset. Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window. Click on Stop to freeze the display. Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router 4-9 Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers 4-10 Using Your Browser for Configuring the Router