LightWave [8] ® Reference Manual This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose without prior written consent from NewTek, Inc. © Copyright 2004, NewTek, Inc. All Rights Reserved NewTek, Inc 5131 Beckwith Blvd San Antonio, TX 787249 USA 1-800-862-7837 +1-210-370-8000 www.newtek.com Software License and Limited Warranty PLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE. BY INSTALLING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU AGREE TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE, RETURN THIS PACKAGE TO THE PLACE WHERE YOU OBTAINED IT WITHIN 15 DAYS FOR A FULL REFUND. 1. Grant of License The enclosed computer program(s) (the "Software") is licensed, not sold, to you by NewTek, Inc. (NEWTEK) for use only under the terms of this License, and NEWTEK reserves any rights not expressly granted to you. You own the disk(s) on which the Software is recorded or fixed, but the Software and all copyright rights therein, foreign and domestic, is owned by NEWTEK or its suppliers and is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. The copyright restrictions of this license extend to any further updates, software patches, or bug fixes made available to you by NEWTEK, whether distributed by floppy disc, CD ROM, or in an electronic format via BBS, ftp, email, etc. This License allows you to use one copy of the Software on a single computer at a time. To "use" the Software means that the Software is either loaded in the temporary memory (i.e., RAM) of a computer, or installed on the permanent memory of a computer (i.e., hard disk, CD ROM, etc.). You may use at one time as many copies of the Software as you have licenses for. You may install the Software on a common storage device shared by multiple computers, provided that if you have more computers having access to the common storage device than the number of licensed copies of the Software, you must have some software mechanism which locks out any concurrent user in excess of the number of licensed copies of the Software (an additional license is not needed for the one copy of Software stored on the common storage device accessed by multiple computers). You may make one copy of the Software in machine readable form solely for backup purposes. The Software is protected by copyright law. As an express condition of this License, you must reproduce on the backup copy the NEWTEK copyright notice in the following format "(c) 1990 - 2004 NEWTEK". You may permanently transfer all your rights under this License to another party by providing such party all copies of the Software licensed under this License together with a copy of this License and all written materials accompanying the Software, provided that the other party reads and agrees to accept the terms and conditions of this License. 2. Restrictions The Software contains trade secrets in its human perceivable form and, to protect them, YOU MAY NOT REVERSE ENGINEER, DECOMPILE, DISASSEMBLE, OTHERWISE REDUCE THE SOFTWARE TO ANY HUMAN PERCEIVABLE FORM. YOU MAY NOT MODIFY, ADAPT, TRANSLATE, RENT, LEASE, LOAN, RESELL FOR PROFIT, OR CREATE ANY MODIFICATIONS OR OTHER DERIVATIVE WORKS BASED UPON THE SOFTWARE OR ANY PART THEREOF. 3. Termination This License is effective until terminated. This License will terminate immediately without notice from NEWTEK or judicial resolution if you fail to comply with any provision of this License. Upon such termination you must destroy the Software, all accompanying written materials and all copies thereof. You may also terminate this License at any time by destroying the Software, all accompanying written materials and all copies thereof. 4. Export Law Assurances You agree that neither the Software nor any direct product thereof is being or will be shipped, transferred or re-exported, directly or indirectly, into any country prohibited by the United States Export Administration Act and the regulations thereunder or will be used for any purpose prohibited by the Act. 5. Limited Warranty and Disclaimer, Limitation of Remedies and Damages. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE SOFTWARE MAY NOT SATISFY ALL YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR BE FREE FROM DEFECTS. NEWTEK WARRANTS THE MEDIA ON WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS RECORDED TO BE FREE FROM DEFECTS IN MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP UNDER NORMAL USE FOR 90 DAYS FROM PURCHASE, BUT THE SOFTWARE AND ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS ARE LICENSED "AS IS." ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS (INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) ARE DISCLAIMED AS TO THE SOFTWARE AND ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS AND LIMITED TO 90 DAYS AS TO THE MEDIA. YOUR EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY WILL BE THE REPLACEMENT OF THE MEDIA OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE. IN NO EVENT WILL NEWTEK OR ITS DEVELOPERS, DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AFFILIATES BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, AND THE LIKE), WHETHER FORESEEABLE OR UNFORESEEABLE, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE OR ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS, REGARDLESS OF THE BASIS OF THE CLAIM AND EVEN IF NEWTEK OR AN AUTHORIZED NEWTEK REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. The above limitations will not apply in case of personal injury only where and to the extent that applicable law requires such liability. Because some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for consequential or incidental damages, the above limitations may not apply to you. 6. General This License will be construed under the laws of the State of Texas, except for that body of law dealing with conflicts of law. If any provision of this License shall be held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be contrary to law, that provision will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible and the remaining provisions of this License will remain in full force and effect. If you are a US Government end-user, this License of the Software conveys only "RESTRICTED RIGHTS," and its use, disclosure, and duplication are subject to Federal Acquisition Regulations, 52.227-7013 (c)(1)(ii). (See the US Government Restricted provision below.) 7. Trademarks VT, VT[3], Video Toaster, Toaster and Aura are trademarks of NEWTEK. LightWave and LightWave 3D are registered trademarks of NEWTEK. All other brand names, product names, or trademarks belong to their respective holders. 8. US Government Restricted Provision If this Software was acquired by or on behalf of a unit or agency of the United States Government this provision applies. This Software: (a) Was developed at private expense, and no part of it was developed with government funds, (b) Is a trade secret of NEWTEK for all purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, (c) Is "commercial computer software" subject to limited utilization as provided in the contract between the vendor and the government entity, and LightWave [8] (d) In all respects is proprietary data belonging solely to NEWTEK. For units of the Department of Defense (DoD), this Software is sold only with "Restricted Rights" as that term is defined in the DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulations, 52.227-7013 (c) (1) (ii). Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (l) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 52.227-7013. Manufacturer: NEWTEK, 5131 Beckwith Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78249. If this Software was acquired under a GSA Schedule, the US Government has agreed to refrain from changing or removing any insignia or lettering from the software or the accompanying written materials that are provided or from producing copies of manuals or disks (except one copy for backup purposes) and: (e) Title to and ownership of this Software and documentation and any reproductions thereof shall remain with NEWTEK, (f) Use of this Software and documentation shall be limited to the facility for which it is required, and, (g) If use of the Software is discontinued to the installation specified in the purchase/delivery order and the US Government desires to use it at another location, it may do so by giving prior written notice to NEWTEK, specifying the type of computer and new location site. US Governmental personnel using this Software, other than under a DoD contract or GSA Schedule, are hereby on notice that use of this Software is subject to restrictions which are the same as or similar to those specified. II Copyright and Trademarks LightWave® 8.0 © Copyright 1990-2004 NewTek, Inc. All rights reserved. Additional components Copyright: Steve Worley (1995-2004), Worley Labs (1995-2004), RainMaker (2003-2004) and Daisuke Ino (1995-2004) LightWave® and LightWave 3D® are registered trademarks of NewTek, Inc. FxMonkeyTM, HyperVoxelsTM, IntelligEntitiesTM, Motion MixerTM, MultiMeshesTM, Particle FXTM, P.A.V.L.O.V.TM, SkelegonsTM, SkyTracer 2TM, VmapsTM are trademarks of NewTek, Inc. Acknowledgements Lead Engineers for LightWave [8] Bob Hood Jamie Finch Engineering Daisuke Ino, Kevin Nations, Scott Thompson, William Vaughan, Mike Watkins, Andrew Cross, Art Howe, David Vrba, Scott Martindale, Deuce Bennett, Peter Jespersen, Steve Forcucci, David Ikeda, Christopher Lutz, Elmar Möelzer, David Fourstenlechner, Josh Darling, Jarom Schow, Richard Brak, David Mathews, Mike Reed, Scott Wheeler Content Assembly William Vaughan, Kevin Nations, John Fletcher, Gil Triana, Donny Oropeza, Marvin Miller, Kurtis Harris Installer Jeremy Wiseman, Scott Thompson Documentation William Vaughan, Peter Jesperson, Ben Vost, Chuck Baker, Paul Lara, Kurtis Harris, Nathalie Cross, Robin Kressbach, Corinne Smelker, Terry Smelker Product Marketing LightWave [8] III Donetta Colboch, William Vaughan, Chuck Baker, Marina Madden, Kurtis Harris, Terry Smelker Special Thanks To: Tim Jenison, Jim Plant, Franck Lafage, Ben Vost, Marc Gaillard, Hiroyoshi Abe, Kevin Philips, Robin Wood, Dan Ablan, Nick Boughen, Larry Shultz, Michael Linde, and to all the Beta Team Members. Chapter 1: LightWave 3DGetting Started . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Hardware Lock Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Upgrading From a Prior Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Registering and Licensing Your Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Running the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 About the Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Typographic Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Key LightWave Terms and Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Working With The Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 LightWave Panels and Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Math in Input Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Enter/Tab Ke ...