User manual NIKON D2XS

En The Nikon Guide to Digital Photography with the DIGITAL CAMERA Product Documentation The documentation for this product includes the manuals listed below. Please be sure to read all instructions thoroughly to get the most from your camera. Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide takes you through the process of unpacking and setting up your Nikon digital camera, taking your first photographs, and transferring them to your computer. Guide to Digital Photography The Guide to Digital Photography (this manual) provides complete operating instructions for your camera. PictureProject reference CD The PictureProject reference CD contains information on installing and using PictureProject. See the Quick Start Guide for viewing instructions. CAUTION: Foreign Matter on the Low-Pass Filter Nikon takes every possible precaution to prevent foreign matter from coming into contact with the low-pass filter during production and shipping. The D2Xs, however, is designed to be used with interchangeable lenses, and foreign matter may enter the camera when lenses are removed or exchanged. Once inside the camera, this foreign matter may adhere to the low-pass filter, where it may appear in photographs taken under certain conditions. To prevent foreign matter from entering the camera, do not exchange lenses in dusty environments. To protect the camera when no lens is in place, be sure to replace the body cap provided with the camera, being careful to first remove all dust and other foreign matter that may be adhering to the body cap. Should foreign matter find its way onto the low-pass filter, clean the low-pass filter as instructed on pages 256­257 of this manual, or have the low-pass filter cleaned by authorized Nikon service personnel. Photographs affected by the presence of foreign matter on the low-pass filter can be retouched using Capture NX (available separately) or the clean image options available in some third-party imaging software. How to Read This Manual First, be aware of the warnings, cautions, and notices on pages ii­vii. Then read "Overview" and "Getting to Know the Camera" to acquaint yourself with the conventions used in this manual and the names of camera parts, then set up the camera as described in "First Steps." Now you are ready to take photographs and play them back. Overview Getting to Know the Camera First Steps Basic Photography Basic Playback High-Speed Crop Choosing a Shooting Mode Image Quality and Size ISO Sensitivity White Balance Image Adjustment Once you have mastered the basics of digital photography, you can read these sections for complete information on when and how to use camera controls. Focus Exposure Flash Photography Overlay / Multiple Exposure Trimming Photographs Interval Timer Photography Self-Timer Mode Non-CPU Lenses Using a GPS Unit Two-Button Reset Refer to these chapters for more on playback... ...on recording and playing voice memos... ...on camera menus and custom settings... ...on connecting to a computer, printer, or TV... ...and on accessories and troubleshooting. More About Playback Voice Memos Menu Guide Connections Technical Notes i For Your Safety To prevent damage to your Nikon product or injury to yourself or to others, read the following safety precautions in their entirety before using this equipment. Keep these safety instructions where all those who use the product will read them. The consequences that could result from failure to observe the precautions listed in this section are indicated by the following symbol: This icon marks warnings, information that should be read before using this Nikon product to prevent possible injury. WARNINGS Do not look at the sun through the viewfinder Viewing the sun or other strong light source through the viewfinder could cause permanent visual impairment. Turn off immediately in the event of malfunction Should you notice smoke or an unusual smell coming from the equipment, quick charger, or AC adapter (available separately), unplug the AC adapter and remove the battery immediately, taking care to avoid burns. Continued operation could result in injury. After removing the battery, take the equipment to a Nikon-authorized service center for inspection. Do not use in the presence of flammable gas Do not use electronic equipment in the presence of flammable gas, as this could result in explosion or fire. Do not place strap around the neck of an infant or child Placing the camera strap around the neck of an infant or child could result in strangulation. Do not disassemble Touching the internal parts of the camera or quick charger could result in injury. In the event of a malfunction, the product should be repaired only by a qualified technician. Should the product break open as the result of a fall or other accident, remove the battery and/or AC adapter and then take the product to a Nikon-authorized service center for inspection. Observe proper precautions when handling batteries Batteries may leak or explode if improperly handled. Observe the following precautions when handling batteries for use in this product: · Be sure the product is off before replacing batteries. If you are using an AC adapter, be sure it is unplugged. · Use only batteries approved for use in this equipment. · Use only CR1616 lithium batteries to replace the clock battery. Using another type of battery could cause an explosion. Dispose of used batteries as directed. · Do not attempt to insert batteries upside down or backwards. · Do not short or disassemble batteries. · Do not expose batteries to flame or to excessive heat. ii · Do not immerse in or expose to water. · Batteries are prone to leakage when fully discharged. To avoid damage to the product, be sure to remove batteries when no charge remains. · Discontinue use immediately should you notice any changes in the batteries, such as discoloration or deformation. · Replace the terminal cover when transporting EN-EL4a rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Do not transport or store with metal objects such as necklaces or hairpins. · When EN-EL4a batteries are not in use, attach the terminal cover and store in a cool place. · Immediately after use, or when the product is used on battery power for an extended period, the EN-EL4a battery may become hot. Before removing the battery, turn the camera off and allow the battery to cool. Observe proper precautions when handling the quick charger · Keep dry. Failure to observe this precaution could result in fire or electric shock. · Dust on or near the metal parts of the plug should be removed with a dry cloth. Continued use could result in fire. · Do not handle the power cable or go near the charger during thunderstorms. Failure to observe this precaution could result in electric shock. · Do not damage, modify, forcibly tug or bend the power cable, place it under heavy objects, or expose it to heat or flame. Should the insulation be damaged and the wires become exposed, take it to a Nikon-authorized service representative for inspection. Failure to observe these precautions could result in fire or electric shock. · Do not handle the plug or charger with wet hands. Failure to observe this precaution could result in electric shock. Use appropriate cables When connecting cables to the input and output jacks, use only the cables provided or sold by Nikon for the purpose, to maintain compliance with product regulations. Keep out of reach of children Particular care should be taken to prevent infants from putting the battery or other small parts into their mouths. Removing memory cards Memory cards may become hot during use. Observe due caution when removing memory cards from the camera. CD-ROMs The CD-ROMs on which the software and manuals are distributed should not be played back on audio CD equipment. Playing CD-ROMs on an audio CD player could cause hearing loss or damage the equipment. Observe caution when using a flash Using a flash close to your subject's eyes could cause temporary visual impairment. Particular care should be observed if photographing infants, when the flash should be no less than one meter (39) from the subject. When using the viewfinder When operating the diopter adjustment control with your eye to the viewfinder, care should be taken not to put your finger in your eye accidentally. Avoid contact with liquid crystal Should the monitor break, care should be taken to avoid injury due to broken glass and to prevent liquid crystal from the monitor touching the skin or entering the eyes or mouth. iii Caring for the Camera and Battery Do not drop The product may malfunction if subjected to strong shocks or vibration. Keep dry This product is not waterproof, and may malfunction if immersed in water or exposed to high levels of humidity. Rusting of the internal mechanism can cause irreparable damage. Avoid sudden changes in temperature Sudden changes in temperature, such as occur when entering or leaving a heated building on a cold day, can cause condensation inside the device. To prevent condensation, place the device in a carrying case or a plastic bag before exposing it to sudden changes in temperature. Keep away from strong magnetic fields Do not use or store this device in the vicinity of equipment that generates strong electromagnetic radiation or magnetic fields. Strong static charges or the magnetic fields produced by equipment such as radio transmitters could interfere with the monitor, damage data stored on the memory card, or affect the product's internal circuitry. Do not point the lens at strong light sources for extended periods Avoid pointing the lens at the sun or other strong light sources for extended periods when using or storing the camera. Intense light may cause deterioration in the image sensor, producing a white blur effect in photographs. Do not touch the shutter curtain The shutter curtain is extremely thin and easily damaged. Under no circumstances should you exert pressure on the curtain, poke it with cleaning tools, or subject it to powerful air currents from a blower. These actions could scratch, deform, or tear the curtain. Handle all moving parts with care Do not apply force to the battery-chamber, card-slot, or connector covers. These parts are especially susceptible to damage. Cleaning · When cleaning the camera body, use a blower to remove dust and lint, then wipe gently with a soft, dry cloth. After using your camera at the beach or seaside, wipe off any sand or salt using a cloth lightly dampened with pure water and then dry your camera thoroughly. In rare instances, static electricity produced by a brush or cloth may cause the LCD displays to light up or darken. This does not indicate a malfunction, and the display will shortly return to normal. · When cleaning the lens and mirror, remember that these elements are easily damaged. Dust and lint should be gently removed with a blower. When using an aerosol blower, keep the can vertical (tilting the can could result in liquid being sprayed on the mirror). If you do get a fingerprint or other stain on the lens, apply a small amount of lens cleaner to a soft cloth and wipe the lens carefully. · See "Technical Notes: Caring for Your Camera" for information on cleaning the low-pass filter ( 256). Storage · To prevent mold or mildew, store the camera in a dry, well-ventilated area. If you will not be using the product for long periods, remove the battery to prevent leakage and store the camera in a plastic bag containing a desiccant. Do not, however, store the camera case in a plastic bag, as this may cause the material to deteriorate. Note that desiccant gradually loses its capacity to absorb moisture and should be replaced at regular intervals. iv · Do not store the camera with naphtha or camphor moth balls, close to equipment that produces strong magnetic fields, or in areas subject to extremes of temperature, for example near a space heater or in a closed vehicle on a hot day. · To prevent mold or mildew, take the camera out of storage at least once a month. Turn the camera on and release the shutter a few times before putting the camera away again. · Store the battery in a cool, dry place. Replace the terminal cover before putting the battery away. Notes on the monitor · The monitor may contain a few pixels that are always lit or that do not light. This is a characteristic common to all TFT LCD monitors and does not indicate a malfunction. Images recorded with the product will not be affected. · Images in the monitor may be difficult to see in a bright light. · Do not apply pressure to the monitor; this could cause damage or malfunction. Dust or lint on the monitor can be removed with a blower. Stains can be removed by rubbing the surface lightly with a soft cloth or chamois leather. · Should the monitor break, care should be taken to avoid injury due to broken glass and to prevent the liquid crystal from the monitor touching the skin or entering the eyes or mouth. · Replace the monitor cover when transporting the camera or leaving it unattended. Turn the product off before removing or disconnecting the power source Do not unplug the product or remove the battery while the product is on, or while images are being recorded or deleted. Forcibly cutting power to the product in these circumstances could result in loss of data or in damage to product memory or internal circuitry. To prevent an accidental interruption of power, avoid carrying the product from one location to another while the AC adapter is connected. Batteries · When you turn the device on, check the battery-level displayed in the control panel to determine whether the battery needs to be replaced. The battery needs to be replaced when the battery-level indicator is flashing. · Ready a spare battery and keep it fully charged when taking photographs on important occasions. Depending on your location, you may find it difficult to purchase replacement batteries on short notice. · On cold days, the capacity of batteries tends to decrease. Be sure the battery is fully charged before taking photographs outside in cold weather. Keep a spare battery in a warm place and exchange the two as necessary. Once warmed, a cold battery may recover some of its charge. · Should the battery terminals become dirty, wipe them off with a clean, dry cloth before use. · After removing the battery from the camera, be sure to replace the terminal cover. Memory cards · Turn the power off before inserting or removing memory cards. Inserting or removing cards with the power on could render them unusable. · Insert memory cards as shown in the illustration at right. Inserting cards upside down or backwards could damage the camera or the card. v Notices · No part of the manuals included with this · Nikon will not be held liable for any damagproduct may be reproduced, transmitted, es resulting from the use of this product. transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or · While every effort has been made to ensure translated into any language in any form, that the information in these manuals is acby any means, without Nikon's prior writcurate and complete, we would appreciate ten permission. it were you to bring any errors or omissions · Nikon reserves the right to change the to the attention of the Nikon representative specifications of the hardware and softin your area (address provided separately). ware described in these manuals at any time and without prior notice. Notice for customers in the U.S.A. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found D2Xs to comply with the limits for a Class B digital Tested To Comply device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. With FCC Standards These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre- CAUTIONS quency energy and, if not installed and used Modifications in accordance with the instructions, may The FCC requires the user to be notified cause harmful interference to radio commu- that any changes or modifications made to nications. However, there is no guarantee this device that are not expressly approved that interference will not occur in a particular by Nikon Corporation may void the user's installation. If this equipment does cause authority to operate the equipment. harmful interference to radio or television reInterface Cables ception, which can be determined by turning Use the interface cables sold or provided by the equipment off and on, the user is encourNikon for your equipment. Using other interaged to try to correct the interference by one face cables may exceed the limits of Class B or more of the following measures: Part 15 of the FCC rules. · Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. · Increase the separation between the equip- Notice for customers in the State of California ment and receiver. WARNING: Handling the cord on this product · Connect the equipment into an outlet on will expose you to lead, a chemical known to a circuit different from that to which the the State of California to cause birth defects receiver is connected. or other reproductive harm. Wash hands · Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ after handling. television technician for help. Nikon Inc., 1300 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, New York 11747-3064, U.S.A. Tel.: 631-547-4200 vi Notice for customers in Canada CAUTION This class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations. ATTENTION Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada. Notice Concerning Prohibition of Copying or Reproduction Note that simply being in possession of material that has been digitally copied or reproduced by means of a scanner, digital camera or other device may be punishable by law. · Items prohibited by law from being · Cautions on certain copies and reproductions copied or reproduced The government has issued cautions on Do not copy or reproduce paper money, copies or reproductions of securities issued coins, securities, government bonds, or loby private companies (shares, bills, checks, cal government bonds, even if such copies gift certificates, etc.), commuter passes, or or reproductions are stamped "Sample." coupon tickets, except when a minimum The copying or reproduction of paper monof necessary copies are to be provided ey, coins, or securities which are circulated for business use by a company. Also, do in a foreign country is prohibited. not copy or reproduce passports issued by Unless the prior permission of the governthe government, licenses issued by public ment has been obtained, the copying or agencies and private groups, ID cards, and reproduction of unused postage stamps tickets, such as passes and meal coupons. or post cards issued by the government is · Comply with copyright notices prohibited. The copying or reproduction of copyrighted The copying or reproduction of stamps iscreative works such as books, music, paintsued by the government and of certified ings, woodcut prints, maps, drawings, documents stipulated by law is prohibited. movies, and photographs is governed by national and international copyright laws. Do not use this product for the purpose of making illegal copies or to infringe copyright laws. Disposing of Data Storage Devices Please note that deleting images or formatting memory cards or other data storage devices does not completely erase the original image data. Deleted files can sometimes be recovered from discarded storage devices using commercially available software, potentially resulting in the malicious use of personal image data. Ensuring the privacy of such data is the user's responsibility. Before discarding a data storage device or transferring ownership to another person, erase all data using commercial deletion software, or format the device and then completely refill it with images containing no private information (for example, pictures of empty sky). Be sure to also replace any pictures selected for preset white balance ( 60). Care should be taken to avoid injury or damage to property when physically destroying data storage devices. vii Table of Contents For Your Safety ................................................................................................ Caring for the Camera and Battery................................................................ Notices.............................................................................................................. Introduction Overview .......................................................................................................... Getting to Know the Camera ......................................................................... First Steps ......................................................................................................... Step 1--Attach the Camera Strap .................................................................... Step 2--Insert the Battery ................................................................................ Step 3--Basic Setup ......................................................................................... Step 4--Attach a Lens...................................................................................... Step 5--Insert a Memory Card ......................................................................... Tutorial Basic Photography........................................................................................... Step 1--Ready the Camera .............................................................................. Step 2--Adjust Camera Settings....................................................................... Step 3--Frame a Photograph ........................................................................... Step 4--Focus .................................................................................................. Step 5--Check Exposure .................................................................................. Step 6--Take the Photograph........................................................................... Basic Playback .................................................................................................. Taking Photographs Using Camera Menus ...................................................................................... High-Speed Crop ............................................................................................. Choosing a Shooting Mode ............................................................................ Image Quality and Size ................................................................................... Image Quality................................................................................................... Image Size........................................................................................................ ISO Sensitivity .................................................................................................. White Balance.................................................................................................. Fine-Tuning White Balance ............................................................................... Choosing a Color Temperature ......................................................................... Preset White Balance........................................................................................ Image Adjustment........................................................................................... Making Edges More Distinct: Image Sharpening ............................................... Adjusting Contrast: Tone Compensation........................................................... Suiting Colors to a Workflow: Color Space ....................................................... Matching Colors to the Subject: Color Mode .................................................... Controlling Color: Hue Adjustment .................................................................. ii iv vi 1 2 3 15 15 16 17 20 22 25 26 27 29 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 41 43 45 45 48 52 55 57 59 60 68 68 69 70 72 73 viii Focus................................................................................................................. Focus Mode ..................................................................................................... Focus Area Selection ........................................................................................ Autofocus ........................................................................................................ AF-Area Mode .............................................................................................. Focus Lock.................................................................................................... Getting Good Results with Autofocus ........................................................... Manual Focus................................................................................................... Exposure........................................................................................................... Metering .......................................................................................................... Exposure Mode ................................................................................................ Autoexposure Lock........................................................................................... Exposure Compensation................................................................................... Bracketing........................................................................................................ Flash Photography........................................................................................... Compatible Flash Units..................................................................................... Flash Sync Modes ............................................................................................. FV Lock ............................................................................................................ Flash Contacts and Indicators ........................................................................... Overlay / Multiple Exposure ............................................................................. Trimming Photographs ................................................................................... Interval Timer Photography............................................................................ Self-Timer Mode .............................................................................................. Non-CPU Lenses ............................................................................................... Using a GPS Unit.............................................................................................. Two-Button Reset ............................................................................................ More About Playback Single-Image Playback ...................................................................................... Photo Information ............................................................................................ Viewing Multiple Images: Thumbnail Playback.................................................. Taking a Closer Look: Playback Zoom ............................................................... Protecting Photographs from Deletion .............................................................. Deleting Individual Photographs ....................................................................... Voice Memos Recording Voice Memos ................................................................................... Playing Voice Memos........................................................................................ 74 74 76 78 78 82 84 85 86 86 87 97 99 100 108 108 112 114 116 118 123 125 130 131 135 136 137 138 139 142 144 145 146 147 148 152 ix Menu Guide The Playback Menu ......................................................................................... Delete .............................................................................................................. Playback Folder ................................................................................................ Slide Show ....................................................................................................... Hide Image....................................................................................................... Print Set ........................................................................................................... Display Mode ................................................................................................... Image Review................................................................................................... After Delete ..................................................................................................... Rotate Tall ........................................................................................................ The Shooting Menu......................................................................................... Shooting Menu Bank........................................................................................ Reset Shooting Menu ....................................................................................... Active Folder .................................................................................................... File Naming ...................................................................................................... Image Quality................................................................................................... Image Size........................................................................................................ Hi-Speed Crop.................................................................................................. JPEG Compression............................................................................................ RAW Compression ........................................................................................... White Balance .................................................................................................. Long Exp. NR.................................................................................................... High ISO NR ..................................................................................................... ISO Sensitivity................................................................................................... Image Sharpening ............................................................................................ Tone Compensation ......................................................................................... Color Space...................................................................................................... Color Mode...................................................................................................... Hue Adjustment ............................................................................................... Image Overlay .................................................................................................. Multiple Exposure............................................................................................. Trim ................................................................................................................. Interval Timer Shooting .................................................................................... Non-CPU Lens Data.......................................................................................... Custom Settings............................................................................................... The Setup Menu .............................................................................................. Format ............................................................................................................. LCD Brightness................................................................................................. Mirror Lock-up ................................................................................................. Video Mode ..................................................................................................... 155 156 156 158 159 161 163 166 166 167 167 168 169 171 172 173 174 174 174 174 175 175 175 176 176 176 176 177 177 177 177 177 178 178 178 179 213 214 215 215 216 x World Time ...................................................................................................... Language ......................................................................................................... Image Comment .............................................................................................. Auto Image Rotation ........................................................................................ Recent Settings ................................................................................................ Voice Memo..................................................................................................... Voice Memo Overwrite..................................................................................... Voice Memo Button ......................................................................................... Audio Output................................................................................................... USB.................................................................................................................. Dust Off Ref Photo ........................................................................................... Battery Info ...................................................................................................... Wireless LAN .................................................................................................... Image Authentication....................................................................................... Save/Load Settings ........................................................................................... Firmware Version.............................................................................................. Connections Television Playback.......................................................................................... Connecting to a Computer ............................................................................. Connecting to a Printer................................................................................... Technical Notes Optional Accessories ....................................................................................... Lenses for the D2Xs.......................................................................................... Other Accessories for the D2Xs ........................................................................ Caring for the Camera .................................................................................... Troubleshooting .............................................................................................. Specifications ................................................................................................... Quick Charger / Rechargeable Battery ............................................................... Index................................................................................................................. 216 216 217 218 219 219 219 220 220 220 221 223 223 231 232 232 233 234 235 238 243 244 244 247 253 258 261 265 271 xi Trademark Information Macintosh, Mac OS, and QuickTime are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation. CompactFlash is a trademark of SanDisk Corporation. Microdrive is a registered trademark of Hitachi Global Storage Technologies in the United States and/or other countries. Lexar Media is a trademark of Lexar Media Corporation. PictBridge is a trademark. All other trade names mentioned in this manual or the other documentation provided with your Nikon product are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. xii Introduction Getting Started This chapter is divided into the following sections: Overview Read this section for a description of how this manual is organized and for an explanation of the symbols and conventions used. Getting to Know the Camera Bookmark this section and refer to it for information on the names and functions of camera parts. First Steps This section details the steps required to ready the camera for use: inserting the battery and memory card, attaching a lens and camera strap, and setting the date, time, and language. 1 Overview About This Manual Thank you for your purchase of a Nikon D2Xs single-lens reflex (SLR) digital camera with interchangeable lenses. This manual has been written to help you enjoy taking pictures with your Nikon digital camera. Read this manual thoroughly before use, and keep it handy when using the product. To make it easier to find the information you need, the following symbols and conventions are used: This icon marks cautions, information that should be read before use to prevent damage to the camera. This icon marks notes, information that should be read before using the camera. This icon marks settings that can be adjusted using camera menus. This icon marks tips, additional information that may be helpful when using the camera. This icon indicates that more information is available elsewhere in this manual or in the Quick Start Guide. This icon marks settings that can be fine-tuned from the Custom Settings menu. Introduction--Overview Take Test Shots Before taking pictures on important occasions (for example, at weddings or before taking the camera with you on a trip), take a test shot to ensure that the camera is functioning normally. Nikon will not be held liable for damages or lost profits that may result from product malfunction. Life-Long Learning As part of Nikon's "Life-Long Learning" commitment to ongoing product support and education, continually-updated information is available on-line at the following sites: · For users in the U.S.A.: http://www.nikonusa.com/ · For users in Europe and Africa: http://www.europe-nikon.com/support · For users in Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East: http://www.nikon-asia.com/ Visit these sites to keep up-to-date with the latest product information, tips, answers to frequently-asked questions (FAQs), and general advice on digital imaging and photography. Additional information may be available from the Nikon representative in your area. See the URL below for contact information: http://nikonimaging.com/ 2 Getting to Know the Camera Camera Controls and Displays Take a few moments to familiarize yourself with camera controls and displays. You may find it helpful to bookmark this section and refer to it as you read through the rest of the manual. Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera Camera Body Metering selector: 86 Metering selector lock button: 86 Exposure mode ( ) button: ) button: 23 Format ( Bracketing ( ) 100, 105 button: Mode dial lock 44 release: Mode dial: 44 Eyelet for camera strap: 15 Flash sync mode ( ) button: 113 Command lock ( button: 96 ) Accessory shoe: 116 Diopter adjustment knob: 31 Power switch: 27 87 Shutter-release button: 32, 34 Exposure compensation ( ) button: 99 Eyelet for camera strap: 15 Top control 6 panel: Focal plane mark ( ): 85 LCD Illuminators Holding the power switch in the position activates the exposure meters and control panel backlights (LCD illuminators), allowing the display to be read in the dark. After the power switch is released, the illuminator will remain lit while the camera exposure meters are active or until the shutter is released. 3 Camera Body (continued) Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera Depth-of-field preview button: 87 Sub-command dial: 12 FUNC. button: 208 Sub-command dial for vertical 12 shooting: Shutter-release button for vertical shooting: 31 Vertical shooting shutter31, 75 release button lock: Ambient light sensor: 55, 60 Self-timer lamp: 130 Flash sync terminal: 116 10-pin remote terminal: 251 Audio / video (A / V) connector 234 (under cover): Housings for flash sync and 10-pin remote terminal caps (on inside of cover) DC-in connector 247 (under cover): USB connector (under cover): 236 Lens release button: 21 Focus-mode selector: 74 Battery cover latch: 16 Connector for optional wireless LAN adapter (under cover): 247 Tripod socket 4 Eyepiece shutter lever: 35, Delete ( ) button: 146 Format ( ) button: 23 Playback ( ) button: 138 Monitor: 215, 253 28, 31, 130 Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera Viewfinder eyepiece: AE / AF lock ( ) 82, 97 button: 31, 248 AF-ON ( )button: 75 Main command dial: 12 Multi selector: 14 Focus selector 76 lock: Memory card access lamp: 22, 24 AF-area mode selector: 78 Memory card slot cover: 22 Card-slot cover release button (under cover): 22 Main command dial for vertical shooting: 12 AF-ON ( ) button for vertical shooting: 75 Microphone ( ) button: Microphone: 148 148 Menu ( ) 39 button: Thumbnail ( ) 142 button: Protect ( ) 145 button: HELP button: 39 Enter ( ) button: 40 Playback zoom ( ) button: 144 Speaker: 153 9 Rear control panel: ISO sensitivity (ISO) button: 52 Image quality / size (QUAL) button: 46, 49 White balance (WB) button: 55­67 The Speaker and Microphone Do not bring magnetic devices, such as microdrive cards, close to the built-in speaker or microphone. 5 The Top Control Panel Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera 1 2 3 4 9 10 5 11 6 7 8 12 13 14 15 20 21 22 16 17 18 19 23 24 25 6 Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera 1 Shutter speed ..........................87­96 Exposure compensation value ....... 99 Number of shots in bracketing sequence .................................... 100 Number of intervals for interval timer photography ......... 127 Focal length (non-CPU lens) ........ 131 ISO sensitivity................................ 52 "Busy" indicator ........................... 42 2 Shutter-speed lock icon................. 96 3 Flexible program indicator............. 89 4 Exposure mode ............................. 87 5 Memory card indicator............ 23, 28 6 Focus area .................................... 76 AF-area mode ..........................78­81 7 Flash sync mode ......................... 112 8 Number of exposures remaining ..................................... 28 Number of shots remaining before memory buffer fills............. 44 Capture mode indicator .............. 236 9 Aperture stop indicator ........... 93, 95 10 Aperture (f/-number) ...............87­96 Aperture (number of stops)..... 93, 95 Bracketing increment .......... 101, 105 Number of shots per interval....... 125 Maximum aperture (non-CPU lens)............................ 133 PC mode indicator ...................... 236 11 Battery indicator ........................... 27 12 Frame count ................................. 28 13 "K" (appears when memory remains for over 1000 exposures) .............. 51 14 FV lock indicator ......................... 114 15 Sync indicator ............................. 113 16 Clock battery indicator.......... 19, 255 17 GPS connection indicator............ 135 18 High-speed crop indicator ............. 41 19 Exposure compensation indicator... 99 20 Interval timer indicator................ 127 21 Multiple exposure indicator......... 121 22 Aperture lock icon ........................ 96 23 Image comment indicator ........... 217 24 Exposure bracketing indicator ..... 100 White-balance bracketing indicator ..................................... 105 25 Electronic analog exposure display .......................................... 95 Exposure compensation ................ 99 Bracketing progress indicator ..............................100­107 PC mode indicator ...................... 236 7 The Rear Control Panel Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera 1 2 3 8 9 10 4 11 12 5 6 7 13 8 Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera 1 Custom settings bank ................. 182 2 "Remaining" indicator.................. 28 3 Shooting menu settings bank ..... 169 4 ISO sensitivity indicator ................. 52 Auto ISO sensitivity indicator....... 191 5 ISO sensitivity................................ 52 ISO sensitivity (high gain) .............. 52 Number of exposures remaining ..................................... 28 Length of voice memo ................ 149 White balance fine-tuning ............ 57 White balance preset number ....... 60 Color temperature ........................ 59 PC mode indicator ...................... 236 6 "K" (appears when memory remains for over 1000 exposures) .............. 51 Color temperature indicator.......... 59 7 Image quality................................ 45 8 Image size .................................... 48 9 White-balance bracketing indicator ..................................... 105 10 Voice memo recording indicator (shooting mode) ......................... 149 11 Voice memo status indicator ....... 149 12 Voice memo recording mode ...... 150 13 White balance mode..................... 55 9 The Viewfinder Display 1 Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera 22 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 3 45678 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 The High Speed Crop When On is selected for High-speed crop, the highspeed crop is shown by the transparent area in the viewfinder. High-speed crop 10 Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera 1 8-mm (0.31 in.) reference circle for center-weighted metering............. 85 2 Focus brackets (focus areas) .......... 76 Spot metering targets ................... 86 3 Focus indicator ....................... 32, 85 4 Metering ...................................... 86 5 Bracketing indicator.................... 100 6 Autoexposure (AE) lock................. 97 7 Black-and-white indicator ............. 72 8 Shutter-speed lock icon................. 96 9 Shutter speed ..........................87­96 10 Aperture lock icon ........................ 96 11 Aperture (f/-number) ...............87­96 Aperture (number of stops)..... 93, 95 12 Exposure mode ............................. 87 13 Exposure compensation indicator.. 99 14 Frame count ................................. 28 Number of exposures remaining ..................................... 28 Number of shots remaining before memory buffer fills............. 44 Exposure compensation value ....... 99 PC mode indicator ...................... 236 15 "K" (appears when memory remains for over 1000 exposures) .............. 51 16 Flash-ready indicator ................... 116 17 Battery indicator ........................... 27 18 FV lock indicator ......................... 114 19 Sync indicator ............................. 113 20 Aperture stop indicator ........... 93, 95 21 Electronic analog exposure display .......................................... 95 Exposure compensation ................ 99 22 Voice memo status indicator ....... 149 23 White-balance bracketing indicator ..................................... 105 24 White-balance mode .................... 51 25 Image size .................................... 48 26 Image quality................................ 45 27 ISO sensitivity indicator ................. 52 Auto ISO sensitivity indicator....... 191 28 ISO sensitivity................................ 52 No Battery When the battery is totally exhausted or no battery is inserted, the display in the viewfinder will dim. This is normal and does not indicate a malfunction. The viewfinder display will return to normal when a fully-charged battery is inserted. 11 The Command Dials The main- and sub-command dials are used alone or in combination with other controls to adjust a variety of settings. For ease of access when taking photographs in tall (portrait) orientation, dials that duplicate the functions of the main and sub-command dials have been placed close to the shutterrelease button for vertical shooting ( 31). Sub-command dial Bracketing button Flash sync mode button Command lock button Exposure mode button Exposure compensation button ISO White sensitivity balance Main command dial button button Image quality / size button Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera Image quality and size Set image quality ( 45). Choose an image size ( White balance 48). Choose a white balance setting ( 55). Fine-tune white balance / choose a color temperature / choose a white balance preset ( 56, 59, 60). ISO sensitivity Set ISO sensitivity ( 52). 12 Exposure Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera Choose the exposure mode ( 87­95). Choose a combination of aperture and shutter speed (exposure mode P; 89). Choose a shutter speed (exposure mode S 90, 94). or M; Choose an aperture (exposure mode A or 92, 94). M; Set exposure compensation ( 99). Shutter speed lock (exposure mode S or M; 96). Aperture lock (exposure mode A or M; 96). Activate or cancel bracketing / select number of shots in bracketing sequence ( 100, 105). Select bracketing exposure increment ( 101, 105). Flash settings Choose a flash sync mode for optional Speedlight ( 112). 13 The Multi Selector The multi selector is used for the following operations: Introduction--Getting to Know the Camera · Menu navigation: Move highlight bar up ( 40). · Help: Scroll up ( 39). · Shooting: Select focus area above current focus area ( 76). · Full-frame playback: Display previous image ( 35). · Thumbnail playback: Highlight thumbnail above current thumbnail ( 142). · Menu navigation: Cancel and return to previous menu ( 40). · Shooting:Select focus area to left of current focus area ( 76). · Full-frame playback: Display previous page of photo information ( 139). · Thumbnail playback:Highlight thumbnail to left of current thumbnail ( 142). · Menu navigation: Move highlight bar down ( 40). · Help: Scroll down ( 39). · Shooting: Select focus area below current focus area ( 76). · Full-frame playback: Display next image ( 35). · Thumbnail playback: Highlight thumbnail below current thumbnail ( 142). · Menu navigation: Select highlighted item ( 40). · Shooting: Select center focus area ( 76). · Playback: Change number of images displayed ( 142). · Menu navigation: Select highlighted item or display sub-menu ( 40). · Shooting: Select focus area to right of current focus area ( 76). · Full-frame playback: Display next page of photo information ( 139). · Thumbnail playback: Highlight thumbnail to right of current thumbnail ( 142). The Multi Selector The button can also be used to select items highlighted in the camera menus. There may be some cases in which the operations listed on this page do not apply. 14 First Steps Getting the Camera Ready for Use Before using the camera for the first time, complete the following steps: Step 1 Attach the Camera Strap................................................................ Step 2 Insert the Battery ........................................................................... 15 16 Introduction--First Steps For more information on batteries and alternative power sources, see: · Technical Notes: Optional Accessories................................................. 247 · Caring for the Camera and Battery ..................................................... iv­v Step 3 Basic Setup ..................................................................................... For information on changing the clock battery, see: · Technical Notes: Caring for Your Camera ............................................ Step 4 Attach a Lens.................................................................................. To learn more about the lenses available for the D2Xs, see: · Technical Notes: Optional Accessories................................................. Step 5 Insert a Memory Card..................................................................... To learn more about compatible memory cards, see: · Technical Notes: Approved Memory Cards .......................................... For more information on formatting memory cards, see: · The Setup Menu: Formatting Memory Cards....................................... 17­19 255 20­21 244­246 22­24 252 214 Step 1--Attach the Camera Strap Attach the camera strap securely to the two eyelets on the camera body as shown below. C C C L L L C C C S S S S C 15 L C 2 Step 2--Insert the Battery The D2Xs can be used with the supplied rechargeable Nikon EN-EL4a Li-ion battery or an optional EN-EL4 battery. Introduction--First Steps 2 2 2 2 2 2 .1 Charge the battery The EN-EL4a is not fully charged at shipment. To maximize shooting time, charge the battery in the supplied MH-21 quick charger before use ( 266). About 145 minutes are required to fully recharge the battery when no charge remains. .2 Turn the camera off Turn the camera off before inserting or removing batteries. .3 Remove the battery-chamber cover Turn the battery-chamber cover latch to the open position ( ) and remove the batterychamber cover. .4 Attach the battery cover to the battery The battery can be charged with the cover attached. .5 Insert the battery Insert the battery as shown at right. .6 Latch the battery-chamber cover To prevent the battery from being dislodged during operation, be sure the cover is securely latched. Removing the Battery Before removing the battery, turn the camera off and rotate the battery-chamber cover latch to the open position ( ). EN-EL4a Rechargeable Li-ion Batteries The EN-EL4a shares information with compatible devices, enabling the camera to show battery charge state in six levels and the MH-21 to both display the current level and charge the battery appropriately. The Battery info option in the setup menu details battery charge, battery life, and the number of pictures taken ( 223). 16 3 Step 3--Basic Setup Choose a language and set the time and date as described below. Introduction--First Steps 3 .1 3 Turn camera on. .2 Display menus. * * If option is highlighted, press multi selector to left until icon at left of menu is selected. 3 3 3 .3 3 Display SET UP menu. .4 Position cursor in SET UP menu. .5 3 Highlight Language. .6 Display options. .7 3 Highlight option. .8 Return to SET UP menu. 17 3 3 3 3 .9 3 Highlight World time. .10 Introduction--First Steps Display options. .11 3 Highlight Time zone. .12 Display map of world time zones. .13 3 Select local time zone. .14 Return to WORLD TIME menu. UTC field shows time difference between selected time zone and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), in hours. If daylight saving time is in effect in local time zone, highlight Daylight saving time and press multi selector to right. Press multi selector down to highlight On and press multi selector right. Time will automatically be advanced one hour. 3 .15 3 Highlight Date. .16 Display DATE menu. 18 3 3 3 3 3 .17 Edit Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, and Second. Press multi selector left or right to select item, up or down to change. Press button to set date and time and return to to WORLD TIME menu. Introduction--First Steps .18 3 Highlight Date format. .19 Display options. .20 3 .21 Choose order in which date is listed. Return to WORLD TIME menu. .22 Return to SET UP menu. The camera clock is less accurate than most watches and household clocks. Check the clock regularly against more accurate time pieces and reset as necessary. The clock can be reset using the World time option in the setup menu ( 213). The Clock Battery The clock-calendar is powered by a separate, non-rechargeable CR1616 lithium battery with a life of about four years. When this battery is exhausted, a icon will be displayed in the top control panel while the exposure meters are on. For information on replacing the clock battery, see "Technical Notes: Caring for the Camera" ( 255). 19 4 Step 4--Attach a Lens Nikon recommends using a type G or type D CPU lens to take full advantage of the features the camera offers. Introduction--First Steps CPU lenses have CPU contacts Type G lens Type D lens 4 4 4 .1 Turn the camera off Turn the camera off before attaching or removing lenses. .2 Attach a lens Keeping the mounting mark on the lens aligned with the mounting mark on the camera body, position the lens in the camera's bayonet mount. Being careful not to press the lens-release button, rotate the lens counter-clockwise until it clicks into place. .3 Lock aperture at the minimum setting This step is not necessary if you are using a type G lens not equipped with an aperture ring. If you are using a lens of another type, lock aperture at the minimum setting (highest f/-number). If this step is omitted when attaching a CPU lens, the aperture displays in the control panel and viewfinder will show a blinking when the camera is turned on. Photographs can not be taken until the camera is turned off and aperture locked at the highest f/-number. 20 4 Protect the Camera from Dirt and Dust Any dust, dirt, or other foreign matter inside your camera could show up as specks or blotches in your photographs or the viewfinder display. When no lens is in place, keep the lens mount covered with the supplied BF-1A body cap . When exchanging lens or replacing the body cap, keep the lens mount pointed down. Detaching the Lens Be sure the camera is off when removing or exchanging lenses. To remove the lens, press and hold the lens-release button while turning the lens clockwise. Introduction--First Steps 21 5 Step 5--Insert a Memory Card In place of film, the D2Xs uses CompactFlash memory cards or microdrive cards to store photographs. For a list of approved memory cards, see "Technical Notes: Approved Memory Cards" ( 252). Introduction--First Steps 5 5 5 .1 Turn the camera off Turn the camera off before inserting or removing memory cards. .2 Open the card slot cover Open the door protecting the card-slot cover release button ( ) and press the release button ( ) to open the card slot ( ). 1 3 2 .3 Insert a memory card Insert the memory card with the rear label toward the monitor ( ). When the memory card is fully inserted, the green access lamp will light and the eject button will pop up ( ). Close the card slot cover. Inserting Memory Cards Insert the memory card terminals first. Inserting the card upside down or backwards could damage the camera or the card. Check to be sure that the card is in the correct orientation. Direction of insertion Rear label Terminals 2 1 No Memory Card If no memory card is inserted in the camera when a charged EN-EL4a battery is inserted or the camera is will appear in the powered by an AC adapter, exposure-count displays in the control panel and viewfinder. 22 5 5 .4 Format the memory card Memory cards must be formatted before first use. Introduction--First Steps Formatting Memory Cards Formatting memory cards permanently deletes any data they may contain. Be sure to copy any photographs and other data you wish to keep to a computer before proceeding ( 235­238). To format the card, turn the camera on and hold the ( and ) buttons down simultaneously for approximately two seconds. A blinking will appear in the shutter-speed display and the frame count will blink. Pressing both buttons together a second time will format the memory card. Press any other button to exit without formatting. During formatting, the letters will appear in the frame-count display. When formatting is complete, the frame-count display will show the number of photographs that can be recorded at current settings. During Formatting Do not remove the card or battery or unplug the AC adapter (available separately) during formatting. Format ( 214) Memory cards can also be formatted using the Format option in the setup menu. 23 5 Memory Cards · Memory cards may be hot after use. Observe due caution when removing memory cards from the camera. · Format memory cards before first use. · Turn the power off before inserting or removing memory cards. Do not remove memory cards from the camera, turn the camera off, or remove or disconnect the power source during formatting or while data are being recorded, deleted, or copied to a computer. Failure to observe these precautions could result in loss of data or in damage to the camera or card. · Do not touch the card terminals with your fingers or metal objects. · Do not apply force to the card casing. Failure to observe this precaution could damage the card. · Do not bend, drop, or subject to strong physical shocks. · Do not expose to water, high levels of humidity, or direct sunlight. Removing Memory Cards Memory cards can be removed without loss of data when the camera is off. Before removing the memory card, wait for the green card access lamp next to the card slot cover to go out and then turn the camera off. Do NOT attempt to remove the card while the access lamp is on. Failure to observe this precaution could result in loss of data or in damage to the camera or card. Open the door protecting the card-slot cover release button and press the release button to open the card slot, then press the eject button to partially eject the card ( ). The card can then be removed by hand ( ). Do not push on the memory card while pressing the eject button. Failure to observe this precaution could damage the memory card. Introduction--First Steps 1 2 Access lamp 24 Tutorial Basic Photography and Playback This chapter takes you step-by-step through the process of taking your first photographs and playing them back. Basic Photography This section describes how to use autofocus and programmed auto autoexposure for simple, "point-and-shoot" photography that will produce optimal results in most situations. Basic Playback Read this section for information on viewing photographs in the monitor. 25 Basic Photography Taking Your First Photographs There are six basic steps to taking photographs: Step 1 Ready the Camera .......................................................................... To learn how to restore settings to their default values, see: · Taking Photographs: Two-Button Reset............................................... · Menu Guide: The Shooting Menu--Reset Shooting Menu.................. · Menu Guide: The Custom Settings Menu--Menu Reset ..................... Step 2 Adjust Camera Settings.................................................................. To learn more about the following camera settings, see: · Taking Photographs: Choosing a Shooting Mode................................ · Taking Photographs: Image Quality and Size ...................................... · Taking Photographs: ISO Sensitivity .................................................... · Taking Photographs: White Balance.................................................... · Taking Photographs: Image Adjustment.............................................. · Taking Photographs: Focus.................................................................. · Taking Photographs: Exposure ............................................................ Step 3 Frame the Photograph ................................................................... To learn how to preview the effects of aperture, see: · Taking Photographs: Exposure ............................................................ To learn about optional viewfinder accessories, see: · Technical Notes: Optional Accessories................................................. Step 4 Focus............................................................................................... To learn more about focus options, see: · Taking Photographs: Focus.................................................................. Step 5 Check Exposure .............................................................................. 27­28 136 171 183­184 29­30 43­44 45­51 52­53 55­67 68­73 74­85 86­107 31 87 248 32 74­85 33 Tutorial--Basic Photography To learn how to change the composition after setting exposure, see: · Taking Photographs: Exposure ............................................................ 97 To learn more about flash photography, see: · Taking Photographs: Flash Photography ............................................. 108­117 Step 6 Take the Photograph ...................................................................... 34 For information on time-lapse photography, cropping, delaying shutter release, image overlay, and multiple exposure, see: 118­122 · Taking Photographs: Overlay / Multiple Exposure................................. 123­124 · Taking Photographs: Trimming Photographs ....................................... · Taking Photographs: Interval Timer Photography................................ 125­129 · Taking Photographs: Self-Timer Mode................................................. 130 26 1 Step 1--Ready the Camera Before taking photographs, ready the camera as described below. Tutorial--Basic Photography 1 1 .1 Turn the camera on The control panel will turn on and the display in the viewfinder will light. .2 Check the battery level Check the battery level in the viewfinder or top control panel. Icon* Control Viewpanel finder -- -- -- -- Status Notes Battery fully Aperture and shutter-speed indicators in top charged control panel and all indicators in viewfinder turn off if no operations are performed for 6 s Battery (auto meter off). Press shutter-release button partially discharged halfway to reactivate display. Low battery Ready fully-charged spare battery. Battery exhausted (flashes) (flashes) Shutter release disabled. * No icon displayed when camera powered by optional AC adapter. The Battery Indicator If the segments in the control panel battery icon blink on and off, the camera is calculating the battery charge. The battery level will be displayed in about three seconds. The Icon A flashing icon in the control panel indicates that the battery has malfunctioned or is otherwise unsuitable for use in the D2Xs (the icon in the viewfinder may also flash). Contact a Nikon-authorized service representative. 27 1 1 .3 Check the number of exposures remaining The exposure-count display in the top control panel shows the number of photographs that can be taken at current settings. When this number reaches zero, the icon will flash in the top control panel and a flashing icon will appear in the viewfinder. No further pictures can be taken until you delete pictures or insert a new memory card. You may be able to take additional pictures at lower image quality or size settings. Tutorial--Basic Photography The Monitor Cover A clear plastic cover (the BM-3 LCD monitor cover) is provided with the camera to keep the monitor clean, and to protect the monitor when the camera is not in use or when you are transporting the camera. To remove the monitor cover, hold the camera firmly, take the cover by its edges, and pull the bottom of the cover gently outwards as shown at right ( ). Once the cover is unlatched, you can move it slightly away from the monitor and then remove it as shown ( ). To replace the cover for shooting or storage, insert the two projections on the top of the cover into the matching indentations above the camera monitor ( ), then press the bottom of the cover until you hear it click into place ( ). S A/V OUT DC IN C L C S A/V OUT DC IN A/V OUT DC IN Camera Off Display If the camera is turned off with a battery and memory card inserted, the frame count and number of exposures remaining will be displayed (some memory cards may only display this information when the camera is on). 28 2 Step 2--Adjust Camera Settings This tutorial describes how to take photographs at the default settings listed in the table below, using a type G or D lens. Information on when and how to change settings from their default values is provided in "Taking Photographs" ( 37). Exposure mode Focus area Top control panel Option Image quality Image size ISO sensitivity White balance Default NORM (JPEG Normal) L (Large) 100 A (Auto) ISO sensitivity Description Pictures are compressed for balance between image quality and file size that is ideal for 45­ 48 snapshots. Images are 4,288 × 2,848 pixels in size. 48­ 49 Image quality Image size White balance Rear control panel Tutorial--Basic Photography Sensitivity (digital equivalent of film speed) 52­ set to value roughly equivalent to ISO 100. 53 White balance is adjusted automatically for 55­ natural colors under most types of lighting. 67 Built-in exposure program automatically adExposure justs shutter speed and aperture for optimal 87­ mode (Programmed auto) exposure in most situations. 95 Focus area Center focus area Camera focuses on subject in center focus area. 76 2 .1 Set the shooting mode to single frame ( Hold the mode-dial lock release down ( ) and turn the shooting mode dial ( ) to S (single frame). At this setting, the camera will take one photograph each time the shutter-release button is pressed. 43) 29 2 2 .2 Choose single-area AF ( 78) Rotate the AF-area mode selector until it (single-area clicks into place pointing to AF). At this setting, the user can choose from eleven focus areas. Pressing the shutter-release button halfway locks focus at the distance to the subject in the selected focus area. .3 Choose single-servo autofocus ( 74) Rotate the focus-mode selector until it clicks into place pointing to S (single-servo autofocus). At this setting, the camera will automatically focus on the subject in the selected focus area when the shutterrelease button is pressed halfway. Pictures can only be taken when the camera is in focus. .4 Choose matrix metering ( 86) Press the metering selector lock button and rotate the metering selector to (matrix metering). Matrix metering uses information from all areas of the frame to determine exposure, ensuring optimal results for the entire frame. If a type G or D lens is mounted on the camera, 3D matrix metering II is used for exposure control that takes into account maximum brightness, contrast, and the distance to the subject. When matrix metering is selected, the metering display in the viewfinder shows . Tutorial--Basic Photography 2 2 30 3 Step 3--Frame a Photograph To prevent blurred photographs caused by unsteady hands (camera shake), hold the camera steadily in both hands, with your elbows propped lightly against your torso for support. Hold the handgrip in your right hand and cradle the camera body or lens with your left. The shutter-release button for vertical shooting ( 4) can be used when taking photographs in portrait (tall) orientation. Tutorial--Basic Photography The recommended stance for taking photographs is with one foot a half pace in front of the other and your upper body stable. Viewfinder Focus The viewfinder is equipped with diopter adjustment to accommodate individual differences in vision. To adjust viewfinder focus, pull the diopter adjustment knob out ( ) and rotate it until the viewfinder display and focus brackets are in sharp focus ( ). When operating the diopter adjustment knob with your eye to the viewfinder, be careful not to put your fingers or fingernails in your eye. 1 2 Diopter can be adjusted in the range ­3 m­1 to +1 m­1. Corrective lenses (available separately; 248) allow diopters of ­6 m­1 to +3 m­1. Attaching Diopter Adjustment Viewfinder Lenses Before attaching a diopter-adjustment viewfinder lens, remove the DK-17 viewfinder eyepiece by closing the viewfinder shutter to release the eyepiece lock ( ) and then unscrewing the eyepiece as shown at right ( ). 31 4 Step 4--Focus In single-servo AF, the camera focuses on the subject in the selected focus area when the shutter-release button is pressed halfway. After centering the focus brackets on your subject, press the shutter-release button halfway and check focus in the viewfinder. Tutorial--Basic Photography Viewfinder display Subject in focus. Description Focus point is between camera and subject. Focus point is behind subject. Camera unable to focus on subject in focus brackets using autofocus. (flashes) To focus on an off-center subject, use focus lock ( 82­83) or select the focus area containing your subject using the multi selector ( 76). For information on what to do if the camera is unable to focus using autofocus, see "Getting Good Results with Autofocus" ( 84). 32 5 Step 5--Check Exposure In exposure mode P (programmed auto), the camera automatically sets shutter speed and aperture when the shutter-release button is pressed halfway. Before shooting, check the shutter-speed and aperture indicators in the viewfinder. If the photo would be under- or over-exposed at current settings, one of the following indicators will appear in either the shutter-speed or aperture display. Indicator Description Photo will be overexposed. Use optional Neutral Density (ND) filter. Photo will be underexposed. Raise ISO sensitivity ( tional Speedlight ( 108). 52­53) or use opTutorial--Basic Photography Shutter Speed and Camera Shake To prevent blurring caused by camera shake, the shutter speed should be faster than the inverse of the focal length of the lens, in seconds (for example, if a lens has a focal length of 50 mm, shutter speed should be faster than 1/60 s). Use of a tripod is recommended when shooting at slower shutter speeds. To prevent blur, try increasing ISO sensitivity ( 52­53) or using a VR lens. An optional Speedlight ( 108) can be used to prevent blur at shutter speeds of 1/60 s or slower. 33 6 Step 6--Take the Photograph Smoothly press the shutter-release button the rest of the way down. Tutorial--Basic Photography While the photograph is being recorded to the memory card, the access lamp next to the card slot cover will light. Do not eject the memory card, turn the camera off, or remove or disconnect the power source until the lamp has gone out. Removing the memory card or cutting power in these circumstances could result in loss of data. Do Not Photograph Strong Light Sources Avoid taking pictures with the camera focused on the sun or other strong light source. Intense light may cause deterioration in the image sensor the camera uses in place of film. It may also produce a white blur effect in photographs. Rotate Tall ( 167) This playback menu option controls whether portrait-orientation photographs taken with On selected for the Auto image rotation option in the setup menu are automatically rotated during playback. Image Review ( 166) Photographs can be viewed at any time during or after recording by pressing the button. When On is selected for the Image review option in the playback menu, photographs are automatically displayed in the monitor immediately after shooting. 34 Basic Playback Viewing Photographs To play photographs back, press the will be displayed in the monitor. button. The most recent photograph Tutorial--Basic Playback Viewing Additional Photographs To page through photographs in the order recorded, press the multi selector down. Press the multi selector up to view photographs in reverse order. To scroll rapidly through the images on the memory card, press and hold the up or down buttons on the multi selector. When the last photograph on the memory card is displayed, you can return to the first photograph by pressing the multi selector down. When the first photograph in memory is displayed, you can view the last photograph by pressing the multi selector up. Deleting Unwanted Photographs To delete the photograph currently displayed in the monitor, press the button. A confirmation dialog will be displayed. Press the button again to delete the image and return to playback. To exit without deleting the picture, press the multi selector left or right. Take Additional Photographs To end playback and return to shooting mode, press the the shutter-release button halfway. button or press Delete ( 156) To delete multiple images, use the Delete option in the playback menu. 35 36