User manual NIKON F60

WWW.LENSINC.NET (E) INSTRUCTION MANUAL E Nomenclature WWW.LENSINC.NET Dioptre adjustment lever P. 56 AF-Assist Illuminator/Self-timer/ Red-Eye Reduction lamp PP. 36, 55, 59 Finder eyepiece P. 56 Rubber eyecup P. 56 Film cartridge confirmation window P. 19 Main switch P. 14 Lens release button P. 17 Self-timer button P. 55 Camera strap eyelet Camera back lock release P. 18 Shutter release button P. 15 Flash sync mode button P. 60 Mid-roll rewind button P. 34 Aperture button P. 43 Built-in Speedlight P. 28 Exposure compensation button P. 50 LCD panel P. 4 AE-L (auto exposure lock) button P. 49 Speedlight lock-release button P. 28 Command Dial P. 41 Data imprint LCD panel/buttons (F60D only) P. 52 Focus mode selector P. 20, 36, 37 Battery chamber cover lock release P. 14 Exposure mode dial P. 22 Tripod socket F60D only: Data imprint LCD/buttons Accessory shoe 1 2 5 6 Eyepiece cap DK-5 (page 56) 3 4 7 1. Date/time display LCD 2. : Year indicator 3. MODE button: Push to select one of five available displays. 4. SELECT button: Push to select date/time to be adjusted. 5. M: Month indicator : Data imprint indicator: Blinks 6. approx. 2 sec. when data is imprinted. 7. ADJUST button: Push to adjust date/time. ' ­ 2 3 LCD/Viewfinder Displays 1 2 3 4 5 7 1 5 6 WWW.LENSINC.NET 8 9 2 3 4 1. 2. 3. 4. Focus brackets (page 25) Focus indicator (page 25) Shutter speed Aperture 6 7 8 5. 12mm-dia. reference circle for Centre-Weighted Metering (page 48) 6. Flash ready-light (page 28) 7. Exposure compensation mark (page 50) 8. Electronic analogue display (page 43) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Shutter speed Flexible program (page 40) Flash sync mode (page 59) Battery power (page 15) Self-timer (page 55) 6. Aperture 7. Exposure compensation (page 50) 8. Frame counter/exposure compensation value (page 19, 50) 9. Film (page 19) About LCD · At high temperatures of 60°C or above, the display turns black, making it impossible to read. It returns to normal when the temperature drops to 20°C. · At temperatures below freezing, the LCD's response time slows; when the temperature rises, it returns to normal. 4 5 Introduction Thank you for purchasing the Nikon F60/F60D camera. We are sure that you will enjoy using this camera and that it will make photography a bigger part of your life. Get to know your F60/F60D camera, but before using it, be sure to read this manual thoroughly. Also, we recommend that you keep this manual handy. Main features of the F60/F60D: · SLR camera with built-in Speedlight makes taking pictures easy and enjoyable, even for the most inexperienced beginner. · The individual exposure modes are displayed on the exposure mode dial for one-touch change of modes and quick set-up for advanced picture-taking. · The F60/F60D's new Auto-Servo AF is so advanced that it can detect whether a subject is stationary or moving, and also detects direction. According to the detected information, it automatically chooses to lock focus or activate focus tracking--either way, you're assured autofocusing that works fast, accurately, and easily. Take trial shots Take trial shots before shooting at important occasions like wedding or graduations. Have Nikon spot check your camera regularly Nikon recommends that you have your camera serviced by an authorised dealer or service centre at least once every two years. Using your camera correctly The Nikon F60/F60D's performance has been optimised for use with Nikon brand accessories. Accessories made by other manufacturers may not meet Nikon's criteria for specifications, and nonconforming accessories could damage the F60/F60D's components. Nikon cannot guarantee the F60/F60D's performance when it is used with other than Nikon brand accessories. WWW.LENSINC.NET 6 7 Contents The "Basic Operation" section introduces battery, lens, film, focusing, exposure and shooting in basic steps for easy picture-taking even for SLR camera beginners. "Detailed Operation" explains each function, from lens to exposure, in detail, in approximately the same order as the steps in the "Basic Operation" section. After becoming familiar with basic shooting, refer to the detailed explanation of each operation/function to step up to advanced shooting that requires more advanced techniques. "Flash Photography" introduces flash photography using the F60/F60D's built-in Speedlight and optional Speedlight in the dark, as well as other flash-shooting situations in bright conditions. Please read this manual thoroughly and carefully to get the most out of your Nikon F60/F60D. WWW.LENSINC.NET DETAILED OPERATION ...................................31-64 Lens Compatibility..........................................................................32-33 Film.................................................................................................34-35 Focus Mode ...................................................................................36-37 Focus Lock ..........................................................................................38 Shooting in Each Exposure Mode..................................................39-44 Vari-Program ..................................................................................45-47 Exposure Metering System .................................................................48 Auto Exposure Lock ............................................................................49 Exposure Compensation................................................................50-51 Imprinting Date/Time (for F60D only)..............................................52-54 Self-Timer Operation ...........................................................................55 Dioptre Adjustment/Eyepiece Cap ......................................................56 Two-Button Reset................................................................................57 Flash Photography .........................................................................58-63 Built-in Speedlight and Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash........................58 Flash shooting distance range .......................................................58 Flash sync mode features ..............................................................59 Using built-in Speedlight ..........................................................60-61 Usable lenses with built-in Speedlight...........................................61 Usable Optional Speedlights..........................................................62-63 Available Mode Combinations.............................................................64 PREPARATION....................................................2-11 Nomenclature .....................................................................................2-3 LCD/Viewfinder Displays....................................................................4-5 Introduction ........................................................................................6-7 About This Manual .........................................................................10-11 BASIC OPERATION ..........................................13-30 1. Install Batteries and Check Battery Power...............................14-15 2. Mount Lens...............................................................................16-17 3. Load Film ..................................................................................18-19 4. Set Focus Mode Selector to AF ...............................................20-21 5. Set Exposure Mode Dial to z..................................................22-23 6. Hold Camera and Focus...........................................................24-25 7. Confirm Indications in Viewfinder and Release Shutter ...........26-27 8. Using Built-In Speedlight..........................................................28-29 About Focus and Exposure .................................................................30 MISCELLANEOUS ............................................65-77 Optional Accessories...........................................................................66 Camera Care ..................................................................................67-68 Notes on Batteries ...............................................................................69 Troubleshooting .............................................................................70-71 Specifications.................................................................................72-75 Index...............................................................................................76-77 8 9 About This Manual Basic Operation P. 13-30 P. 14-15 WWW.LENSINC.NET Detailed Operation Notes on Batteries (P. 69) P. 31-64, 69 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Install batteries and check battery power Mount lens P. 16-17 Lens Compatibility Chart (P. 32-33)--CPU Nikkor lens (P. 32-33)/ Non-CPU lens (P. 32-33) Load film P. 18-19 ISO (film speed) DX mark Film (P. 34)--Confirming an automatically set film speed (P. 34)/ Mid-roll rewind (P. 34)/In case film does not start rewind or film rewind stops at midroll (P. 35)/Film advance mode (P. 35) Set Focus Mode Selector to AF P. 20-21 Focus Mode (P. 36-37)--Autofocus (P. 36)/AF-Assist Illuminator (P. 36)/ Manual focus (P. 37) Focus Lock (P. 38) Shooting in Each Exposure Mode (P. 39-44)--z: General Purpose (P. 39)/P: Auto-Multi (P. 40)/S: Shutter-Priority Auto (P. 41)/A: Aperture-Priority Auto (P. 42)/ M: Manual (P. 43-44); Vari-Program (P. 45-47)--x: Portrait (P. 46)/c: Landscape (P. 46)/v: Close-Up (P. 46)/b: Sport (P. 47)/n: Night Scene (P.47); Exposure Metering System (P. 48)--Matrix/3D Matrix (P. 48)/Centre-Weighted (P. 48); Auto Exposure Lock (P. 49); Exposure Compensation (P. 50-51) Set Exposure Mode Dial to z P. 22-23 Hold Camera and Focus P. 24-25 Confirm Indications in Viewfinder and Release Shutter P. 26-27 Imprinting Date/Time (P. 52-54); Self-Timer Operation (P. 55); Dioptre Adjustment/Eyepiece Cap (P. 56); Two-Button Reset (P. 57) Using Built-In Speedlight P. 28-29 Flash Photography (P. 58-63)--Built-in Speedlight and Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash (P. 58)/Flash shooting distance range (P. 58)/Flash sync mode features (P. 59)/ Using built-in Speedlight (P. 60-61)/Usable lenses with built-in Speedlight (P. 61)/ Usable Optional Speedlights (P. 62) 11 WWW.LENSINC.NET 12 BASIC OPERATION This section guides you through basic operations with the camera set to z mode. Settings are as follows: Attached lens Focus mode Exposure mode Exposure metering Built-in Speedlight D-type AF Nikkor Autofocus z (General-Purpose Program) 3D Matrix Metering* Normal sync* * Automatically set when exposure mode is set to z. 13 1 1.1 Use two CR123A or DL123Atype lithium batteries with this camera. (Other batteries cannot be used.) i Keep the batteries out of children's reach. If swallowed, contact a doctor immediately. (For "Notes on Batteries", see page 69.) i When replacing batteries, be sure to turn the main switch off and replace both batteries at the same time. Always use fresh batteries of the same brand. i We recommend that you take spare batteries with you, especially when traveling, since the batteries used may be difficult to obtain in some areas. Turn off the main switch and open the battery chamber cover. 1.3 Turn on the main switch and confirm battery power with the I indication. 1.2 Insert batteries with the "+" and "-" ends positioned as marked inside the battery chamber cover, then firmly close the battery chamber cover. · Shutter speed and aperture indications in the LCD panel and viewfinder automatically turn off 5 sec. after turning the main switch on and camera is left unused. · Battery power I appears: Sufficient battery power. O appears: Batteries are nearing exhaustion. Have a fresh set ready. O blinks: Batteries are exhausted. Replace batteries. (No indication appears in the viewfinder and shutter locks.) 1.4 · Incorrect positioning of + and - poles may cause damage to the camera. Lightly press the shutter release button to activate the exposure meter. 14 · Lightly pressing the shutter release button reactivates the exposure meter and shutter speed and aperture indications in the LCD panel and viewfinder. The indications automatically turn off 5 sec. after you remove your finger from the shutter release button. 15 BASIC OPERATION Install Batteries and Check Battery Power y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 2 2.1 Mount the lens to the camera body. i Use D-or G-type AF Nikkor lens to utilize all the functions of this camera. (See page 32 for Lens Compatibility.) i Make sure to turn the main switch off when attaching/detaching the lens. i When attaching the lens, take care not to press the lens release button. i When attaching/detaching the lens, make sure to avoid direct sunlight. Check the lens type. 2.3 With CPU Nikkor lens with aperture ring (other than Gtype), set the lens' aperture to its minimum and lock. CPU contacts of CPU Nikkor lens OE CPU Nikkor lens other than G-type ,, G-type Nikkor lens · When CPU Nikkor lens other than G-type is not set to its minimum aperture setting and the main switch is turned on, blinks in the LCD panel and viewfinder and the shutter cannot be released. · The G-type Nikkor lens has no aperture ring; aperture should be selected from camera body. Unlike other CPU Nikkor lenses, aperture does not need to be set to minimum. OECPU Nikkor lenses other than G-type (Illustration is D-type Nikkor lens), with aperture ring ,,G-type Nikkor lens, without aperture ring 2.2 Turn the main switch off and mount lens to the camera body. 2.4 Detaching the lens. · Position lens in the camera's bayonet mount so that the mounting indexes on lens and camera body are aligned, then twist lens counterclockwise until it locks into place. (Be sure not to touch the lens release button.) · When the lens is not attached or when a non-CPU lens is attached and the main switch is turned on, ° blinks in the LCD panel and viewfinder and the shutter cannot be released. (° does not blink and shutter can be released when the exposure mode is set to manual.) 16 · Push and hold the lens release button, then turn the lens clockwise. When camera is left unattended without lens When you leave the camera unattended without a lens attached, be sure to attach the supplied body cap, or optional body cap BF-1A. (BF-1 body cap cannot be used.) 17 BASIC OPERATION Mount Lens y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 3 3.1 Use a DX-coded film. Film speed is set automatically (ISO255000). When the camera is turned on, film is loaded and the camera back is closed, the film automatically advances to the first frame. ISO (film speed) DX mark i Only DX-coded film can be used with this camera. When film other than DX-coded film is inserted, T blinks and fl appears on the LCD panel. i Shutter curtains are very thin. Make sure not to touch the shutter curtains with your finger or film leader. i Film load can be confirmed on the LCD panel. i When changing film outdoors, avoid direct sunlight. Turn on the main switch, then open the camera back and insert film. 3.3 Gently close the camera back until the lock release snaps closed. Film automatically advances to first frame. · Insert from the bottom of the film cartridge. · When T and 1 appear on the LCD panel, the film has advanced to the first frame. · When < and T blink on the LCD panel, film is not properly installed. Open the camera back again and reload film. · Film is automatically rewound when the film reaches the end of the roll. (See page 27.) · Number of available exposures of the film roll can be checked through the film cartridge confirmation window. 3.2 Pull film leader out to red index mark. NOTE: Loading/removing film · Do not insert the film leader beyond the red index mark. · Hold the film cartridge and ensure film is properly positioned with no slack. Shutter curtains are very thin. Make sure not to touch the shutter curtains with your finger or film leader. 18 19 BASIC OPERATION Load Film y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 4 4.1 When the focus mode selector is set to AF (autofocus), the camera focuses automatically. i Do not attempt to rotate the lens' focus ring manually with the focus mode set to AF. i With the focus mode set at AF, the shutter cannot be released when the subject is out of focus. For details on focus mode, see page 36. Set the focus mode selector to AF (autofocus). Low contrast scenes For example, where the subject is wearing the same colour clothing as a wall or other background. · Make sure to turn the focus mode selector until it clicks into position. · To focus, lightly press the shutter release button. (See page 24.) Patterned subject or scene For example, building windows. 4.2 Situations where autofocus may not work as expected: · Autofocus may not work as expected in the following situations. In such situations, focus on a different subject located at the same distance, use focus lock (page 38) then recompose. · When you are unable to perform focus lock, set the focus mode selector to M (manual) and focus manually using the clear matte field. Scenes with the subject located at different distance within the focus brackets For example, when shooting an animal inside a cage or a person in a forest. Scenes in which there is pronounced difference in brightness within the focus brackets For example, when the sun is in the background and your main subject is in shadow. 20 21 BASIC OPERATION Set Focus Mode Selector to AF y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 5 5.1 With the exposure mode set to z (General-Purpose Program), the camera will automatically control your exposure. i Ten exposure modes are available with this camera. Five types of VariPrograms enable you to easily choose proper exposure controls in various shooting situations. See step 5.2 for the summary of each exposure mode and each reference page for the operating instructions and details. Set the exposure mode dial to z. Symbol Exposure mode/ Type of program Aperture-Priority Auto P. 42 Characteristics/shooting situations You set the desired aperture, and based on that, the camera selects the correct shutter speed. Lets you determine the depth of the in-focus area; near and far subjects can be sharply focused or the background can be blurred. Shutter speed and aperture are set manually. Suited to situations where it is difficult to attain your desired effect with other exposure modes. Use this program to take portraits. With a shallow depth of field (in-focus area), it creates a blurred background to accentuate your main subject. Use this program to take pictures of distant scenes. With a deep depth of field, the overall landscape will be sharply focused. Use this program to take up-close pictures. With a shallow depth of field, your closeups will be taken with an artistically blurred background. Use this program to take sports pictures. Using a fast shutter speed, it freezes the motion of fast-moving subjects to create exciting action photos. Use this program in the evening or at night. Even a very dark subject will be exposed so it captures the beauty of all the light available in your night scene. A · Shutter speed and aperture appear in the LCD panel and viewfinder when shutter release button is lightly pressed. M Manual P. 43-44 Portrait Program P. 46 Landscape Program P. 46 Close-Up Program P. 46 Sport Program P. 47 Night Scene Program P. 47 5.2 About exposure mode and type of program Symbol Exposure mode/ Type of program General-Purpose Program P. 39 Auto-Multi Program P. 40 Shutter-Priority Auto P. 41 Characteristics/shooting situations The easiest exposure mode for general shooting. Suitable for portraits and other general pictures, or when you want to take pictures first-hand. Camera controls exposure automatically, while allowing you to make other settings, such as Flexible Program or exposure compensation. You set your desired shutter speed, and the camera selects the correct aperture. You can "stop" the motion of a moving subject with a fast shutter speed or create blur with a slower speed. x c Vari-Program z v P b S n 22 23 BASIC OPERATION Set Exposure Mode Dial to z y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 6 6.1 Lightly pressing the shutter release button automatically focuses the camera on the subject and when the subject is in focus, causes u to appear in the viewfinder. i Dioptre adjustment (page 56) is available to enable you to see through the viewfinder more clearly. i To take a picture of a off-centre subject, use focus lock (page 38). i For F60D only: Date or time can be imprinted on your photos/negatives (page 52). Hold the camera properly. 6.2 Compose frame and focus by lightly pressing the shutter release button. · Keep your elbow propped against your body for support. · Stand with one foot forward a half step and keep your upper body still. · Grasp the camera handgrip with your right hand and use your left hand to cradle the camera (or lens). Camera shake and shutter speed Preventing camera shake is crucial when taking photographs. In general, you should set the shutter speed faster than `1/focal length of your lens' sec. (Example: when using a 50mm lens, set the shutter speed faster than 1/50 sec.) Use of a tripod is recommended for shooting at slower shutter speeds. · Centre the focus brackets on your subject and lightly press the shutter release button. The camera focuses automatically and focus indicator u appears or blinks. u appears: Subject is in focus. Automatically tracks moving subject. u blinks: Unable to focus with autofocus. When the subject is dark, the camera's AF-Assist Illuminator is activated to achieve correct focus. For details on focusing, see page 36. · To take a picture of a subject outside the focus brackets, use focus lock (page 38). · In situations where autofocus may not work as expected, see page 20. NOTE: Composing frame The frame coverage of the finder of this camera is approximately 90% of the actual exposed frame on the film. Therefore, the actual exposed frame is somewhat larger than the image you see through the viewfinder. Note that the edges of a negative film are partially cropped by most labs. 24 25 BASIC OPERATION Hold Camera and Focus y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 7 7.1 Confirm that u (focus indicator) appears in the viewfinder, then release the shutter by slowly and fully depressing the shutter release button. i Focus, shutter speed and aperture can be confirmed in the viewfinder. If any other indications appear, see page 70. i When you reach the end of the film roll, the film starts to rewind automatically. i For mid-roll rewind, see page 34. i For self-timer operation, see page 55. Confirm indications in the viewfinder while lightly pressing the shutter release button. 7.3 Film starts to rewind automatically when film reaches the end of the roll. · When j (ready-light indication) blinks, use the built-in Speedlight. (See page 28/58.) · If a warning indication appears in the viewfinder, see page 70. · When you reach the end of the film roll, the film starts to rewind automatically. T appears in the LCD panel during film rewind and the frame counter counts backwards until rewind is complete. Pictures taken on frames beyond the indicated number of the exposures for the film roll may be discarded due to development procedures. 7.2 Confirm focus indicator u appears without blinking and slowly depress the shutter release button. 7.4 Confirm film is completely rewound, then remove film cartridge. · After shutter is released, the film automatically advances to the next frame and the next shot can be taken. 26 · Film is completely rewound when the frame counter shows "fl" and T blinks. Open the camera back away from sunlight and remove the film cartridge by tilting it to one side. If the shutter release button is depressed when rewound film is still in the camera back, "T" blinks. Remove film cartridge. 27 BASIC OPERATION Confirm Indications in Viewfinder and Release Shutter y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET 8 8.1 If j (ready-light indication) blinks in the viewfinder when you lightly press the shutter release button, use the built-in Speedlight. i The built-in Speedlight offers an angle of coverage of 28mm lens with a guide number of 15 (ISO100, m). i Using a CPU lens enables to perform Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash shooting. (For details, see page 58.) i Be sure to remove (or store) the lens hood before flash shooting. i Some zoom lenses have limitations using Speedlight and may cause vignetting. (For details, see page 61.) Press the Speedlight lock-release button to release the Speedlight. 8.2 Confirm q in viewfinder, then compose, focus and take the picture. · As soon as the Speedlight is released it starts recharging, and when the Speedlight is ready to fire q appears without blinking in the viewfinder (when the camera's meter is on). · To close the Speedlight, press gently until it clicks shut. (To conserve power, keep the Speedlight closed when it is not in use.) Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash enables proper evaluation of exposure for the main subject and background, and ensures adequate flash output. (For details, see page 58.) · q blinks in the viewfinder approx. 3 sec. after full flash output. If this happens, under exposure may have occurred. Check the flash shooting distance range (page 58) and shoot again. · Normal Sync flash mode is introduced in this section. Flash with Red-Eye Reduction, which reduces the "red-eye" effect with a person or animal, and Slow Sync flash, which brings out the background details, are also available. For details, see page 59. · With dark subjects (within 0.5m to 3m), the camera's AF-Assist Illuminator (page 36) is automatically activated to guide autofocus. NOTE: Continuous use of built-in Speedlight After continuous use of the built-in Speedlight, it may stop firing to protect the firing tube. Wait for a while before using the Speedlight again. 28 29 BASIC OPERATION Using Built-In Speedlight y Check points WWW.LENSINC.NET About Focus and Exposure Focus, exposure and metering system are important factors for taking pictures. Knowing the characteristics of each factor helps you widen your photographic expression. Focus and depth of field When focusing, depth of field should be considered. Depth of field is the zone of sharpest focus in front of and behind the subject on which the lens is focused. It varies according to shooting distance, focal length and, above all, aperture. Smaller apertures (larger f-numbers) will produce a deeper depth of field where the background and foreground become sharper; larger apertures (smaller fnumbers) will produce a shallower depth of field where the background becomes blurred. WWW.LENSINC.NET DETAILED OPERATION This section features detailed descriptions of all camera functions -- including lens, film, focus, exposure and others. Exposure Light from the subject passes through the lens and is sensed by the film. Light reaching the film is controlled by the shutter speed and aperture. The proper combination of shutter speed and aperture for subject brightness and film sensitivity results in the correct exposure. The F60/F60D's General-Purpose Program, Auto-Multi Program and VariProgram automatically control shutter speed and aperture. In Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode, you can manually set shutter speed and the camera automatically sets the proper aperture. In Aperture-Priority Auto exposure mode, you can manually set aperture and the camera automatically sets the proper shutter speed. In Manual exposure mode, you manually set both shutter speed and aperture. Metering System As the proper combination of shutter speed and aperture for correct exposure is determined according to subject brightness and film sensitivity, measuring subject brightness is very important. In general, brightness inside the viewfinder is not uniform. The F60/F60D provides two metering systems: Matrix Metering and Centre-Weighted Metering. With Matrix Metering, data on scene brightness is detected by the six-segment Matrix sensor. With Centre-Weighted Metering, most of the meter's sensitivity is concentrated on the 12mm-diameter centre circle in the viewfinder. (With D- or G- AF Nikkor lenses, the F60/F60D camera performs 3D Matrix Metering. See page 48.) 30 31 Lens Compatibility Use a CPU lens (except IX-Nikkor) with this camera. D- or G-type AF lenses give you access to all available functions. G-type Nikkor and other CPU Nikkor lens · The G-type Nikkor lens has no aperture ring; aperture should be selected from camera body. Unlike other CPU Nikkor lenses, aperture does not need to be set to minimum (largest f-number). · CPU Nikkor lenses other than G-type Nikkor lens have an aperture ring. Set the lens aperture to its minimum and lock. When the lens is not set to its minimum aperture setting and the power switch is turned on, ° blinks in the LCD panel and viewfinder and the shutter cannot be released. Lens/accessories D-type AF Nikkor*3 G-type AF Nikkor AF-S, AF-I Nikkor PC Micro 85mm f/2.8D*4 AF-I Teleconverter Non-D/G-type AF Nikkor (except AF Nikkor for F3AF) AI-P Nikkor AI-S or AI type Nikkor, Series-E, AI-modified Nikkor Medical-Nikkor 120mm f/4 Reflex-Nikkor PC Nikkor AI-S or AI type Teleconverters Bellows Focusing Attachment PB-6*10 Auto Extension Rings (PK-11A, PK-12, PK-13 and PN-11) CPU Nikkor*2 When a non-CPU lens is attached · Usable exposure modes are limited. A non-CPU lens can be used only when the exposure mode is set to M (manual). (Shutter cannot be released with other modes.) With a non-CPU lens, the exposure meter cannot be activated and the aperture cannot be set using the aperture button and Command Dial. ° appears in place of the aperture indication in the LCD panel and viewfinder; set/confirm aperture using the lens' aperture ring. r -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- r r*7 r*7 r -- r*5 r*6 r*6 r*6 r r r r r r r r r r r -- -- -- -- -- -- -- r r t*9 t*9 t*9 t*9 t*9 t*9 t*9 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- r r -- -- -- -- -- -- -- r r -- -- -- -- -- -- -- CAUTION: Nikkor lenses/accessories that cannot be attached to the F60/F60D The following Nikkor lenses/accessories cannot be attached to the F60/F60D (camera body or lens may be damaged): · AF Teleconverter TC-16A · Non-AI lenses · 400mm f/4.5 and 600mm f/5.6 with Focusing Unit AU-1 · Fisheye 6mm f/5.6, Fisheye 7.5mm f/5.6 and Fisheye OP 10mm f/5.6 · ED 180-600mm f/8 (No. 174166 or smaller) · ED 360-1200mm f/11 (No. 174087 or smaller) · 200-600mm f/9.5 (No. 300490 or smaller) · 80mm f/2.8, 200mm f/3.5 and TC-16 Teleconverter for F3AF · PC 28mm f/4 (No. 180900 or smaller) · PC 35mm f/2.8 (No. 906200 or smaller) · Reflex 1000mm f/11 (No. 142361 to 143000) · Reflex 2000mm f/11 (No. 200310 or smaller) · Medical-Nikkor 200mm f/5.6 (can be used in combination with Sync Terminal Adapter AS-15.) · K1, K2 ring, Auto Extension Ring PK-1, PK-11, Auto Ring BR-2, BR-4 32 *1 Metering system automatically switches to Centre-Weighted Metering when the exposure mode is set to M or when you use the Auto Exposure Lock function. *2 IX-Nikkor lenses cannot be attached. *3 This camera is not compatible with the Vibration Reduction function of the VR Nikkor lens. Make sure to set the vibration reduction mode switch of the VR Nikkor lens to OFF position. *4 The camera's exposure metering and flash control system do not work properly when shifting and/or tilting the lens, or when using an aperture other than the maximum aperture. *5 Without shifting and/or tilting the lens. *6 With maximum effective aperture of f/5.6 or faster. *7 With maximum aperture of f/5.6 or faster. *8 Some lenses/accessories cannot be attached. (See page 32.) *9 The shutter can be released but the electronic analogue display cannot be used. *10 Attach the PB-6 vertically. (PB-6 can be set to horizontal position after attaching.) 33 Non-CPU Nikkor*8 DETAILED OPERATION (LENS) WWW.LENSINC.NET Types of CPU lenses and other usable lenses/accessories Mode Focus mode Exposure mode Metering system Manual with Any mode Matrix Autofocus electronic Manual other than M 3D 6- 6- Centre1 rangefinder M segment segment Weighted* r -- -- -- r r r*5 r*6 r r r r r r -- r r r r r r r -- r -- -- -- -- r r r r Film Confirming an automatically set film speed In case film does not start to rewind or film rewind stops at mid-roll Mid-roll rewind Film advance mode · To rewind film at mid-roll, press the U (mid-roll rewind) button with a pointed object. When film is completely rewound, fl appears and T blinks in the LCD panel. Open the camera back and remove the film cartridge. · Film advance mode is normally set to single-frame shooting, where the film is advanced one frame after you release the shutter. Selecting Sport Program automatically switches the film advance mode to continuous shooting, where the shutter is continuously released and the film continues to advance (approx. 1 frame/sec.) for as long as the shutter release button remains depressed. 34 35 DETAILED OPERATION (FILM) WWW.LENSINC.NET · To confirm the automatically set film speed of your loaded DX-coded film, press the h and g buttons simultaneously. Note that pressing the h and g buttons for more than 2 sec. resets all of the functions. (For "Two-Button Reset", see page 57.) · When battery power is very low, or in low temperatures, film may not start rewinding or film rewind may stop at mid-roll, and T and < will blink in the LCD panel. In this case, turn off the main switch, change batteries, then turn on the main switch to rewind film again. Focus Mode Autofocus The AF-Assist Illuminator is activated automatically and cannot be cancelled. It is effective for lenses with a focal length of 24mm to 200mm, and the effective focus distance is 0.5 to 3m. Auto-Servo AF: Camera automatically chooses Single Servo AF or Continuous Servo AF operation according to the subject status, i.e. stationary or moving (including directional information). 1. Single Servo AF: Once focused on a subject, focus is locked. 2. Continuous Servo AF: The camera continuously focuses on a moving subject. · When Sport Program is selected, the camera automatically switches to Continuous Servo AF and the camera continuously focuses on the subject. · In either case, the shutter will not be released until the subject is in focus and u appears in the viewfinder. When an optional Speedlight with the AF-Assist Illuminator is attached and TTL Auto Flash is selected, the AF-Assist Illuminator on the Speedlight unit emits light. See page 62 for "Usable Optional Speedlights". Manual focus AF-Assist Illuminator 0.5 to 3m · Set the focus mode selector to M. Look through the viewfinder and rotate the lens focusing ring until the image appears sharp on the clear matte field in the viewfinder. The shutter can be released whether or not the subject is in focus, and u does not appear in the viewfinder. Use Manual focus in situations where autofocus may not work as expected (page 20) or lens other than AF Nikkor (page 32) is attached. Electronic Rangefinder · The AF-Assist Illuminator provides the necessary illumination to focus on dark subjects. The camera activates the AF-Assist Illuminator in the following conditions: 1. When a AF Nikkor lens is attached, the focus mode is set to AF, and the subject is dark. 2. When exposure mode is not set to Landscape or Sport Program. 36 Lightly pressing the shutter release button and rotating the lens focusing ring activates the Electronic Rangefinder to indicate the focus status in the viewfinder. When the subject is in focus, u appears in the viewfinder. In manual focus, shutter can be released anytime. The Electronic Rangefinder works with most Nikkor lenses (including AF Nikkors when operated manually) having a maximum aperture of f/5.6 or faster. 37 DETAILED OPERATION (FOCUSING) WWW.LENSINC.NET NOTE: Continuous use of AF-Assist Illuminator After continuous use of the AF-Assist Illuminator, it may stop emitting light to protect the firing tube. Wait for a while before using the Illuminator again. · With the focus mode selector set to AF, lightly pressing the shutter release button automatically focuses the camera on the subject and causes u to appear in the viewfinder. AF-Assist Illuminator with optional Speedlight Focus Lock Focus Lock proves useful in autofocus shooting when you want to capture off-centre subject. It is also effective in situations where autofocus may not work as expected (page 20). Shooting in Each Exposure Mode z: General-Purpose Program Simplest exposure mode with this camera. The camera automatically controls your exposure. Recommended for beginner SLR camera users. For available mode combinations, see page 64. DETAILED OPERATION (FOCUS/EXPOSURE) 39 WWW.LENSINC.NET 1 Position the focus brackets on the subject and lightly press the shutter release button. 1 · u appears when the subject is in focus. The focus remains locked as long as the shutter release button is lightly pressed. · Focus Lock cannot be used when the exposure mode is set to Sport Program. · When you want to lock focus on a stationary subject that has been moving and tracked with Continuous Servo AF (changed to Single Servo AF from Continuous Servo AF), remove your finger from the shutter release button once and focus again. Set the exposure mode dial to z. · With exposure mode set to z, other modes are set as follows: Exposure metering: Matrix (page 48) Flash: Normal sync Flexible Program, Exposure compensation and Slow Sync flash cannot be used. 2 Confirm focus indicator u then (while keeping shutter release button lightly pressed) recompose and shoot. 2 Confirm focus indicator u and shoot. · When the subject is too dark or too bright, one of the following warning indications will appear in the viewfinder or LCD panel. · /: Use ND filter. · ¤: Use Speedlight. Difference between z (General-Purpose Program) and P (Auto-Multi Program) Although exposure controls are the same, with Auto-Multi Program, you can select functions such as Flexible Program (page 40), exposure compensation (page 50) or Slow Sync (page 59) flash for more flexible shooting. 38 · After you have locked the focus, do not change the camera-to-subject distance. If you keep the shutter release button lightly pressed after releasing the shutter, the shutter can be released repeatedly with the same focusing. Shooting in Each Exposure Mode--continued P: Auto-Multi Program The camera automatically controls your exposure to achieve a correct exposure in any shooting situation. For more complex shooting, use Flexible Program (below) or exposure compensation (page 50). For other available mode combinations, see page 64. 1 Set the exposure mode dial to P. 1 Confirm focus indicator u and shoot. · When the subject is too dark or bright, one of the following warning indications will appear in the viewfinder or LCD panel . · /: Use ND filter. · ¤: Use Speedlight. Set the exposure mode dial to S and set the shutter speed (30-1/2000 sec.) with the Command Dial. 2 2 Confirm focus indicator u and shoot. · When the subject is too dark or bright, one of the following warning indications will appear in the LCD panel or viewfinder. · /: Select higher shutter speed. If the warning indication still remains on, use ND filter. · ¤: Select a slower shutter speed. If the warning indication still remains on, use Speedlight. · When , blinks in the LCD panel and viewfinder, shutter speed is set to Long Time Exposure. Change the shutter speed from Long Time Exposure. For Long Time Exposure, see page 44. NOTE: Flexible Program In Auto-Multi Program, by rotating the Command Dial you can change the combination of shutter speed and aperture while maintaining a correct exposure. With this function, you can shoot in Auto-Multi Program as though shooting in Shutter-Priority Auto or Aperture-Priority Auto. f appears in the LCD panel when the Flexible Program is used. To cancel the Flexible Program, reset the shutter speed-aperture combination to the original value, change the exposure mode, turn off the main switch, or use the built-in Speedlight (page 28) or perform Two-Button Reset (page 57). 40 41 DETAILED OPERATION (EXPOSURE) WWW.LENSINC.NET S: Shutter-Priority Auto Enables you to manually set your desired shutter speed (30-1/2000 sec.); the camera automatically selects the proper aperture to provide a correct exposure. With high shutter speeds, you can freeze the motion of a fast-moving subject; with slower speeds, you can create a motion effect. For available mode combinations, see page 64. Shooting in Each Exposure Mode--continued A: Aperture-Priority Auto Enables you to set your desired aperture manually. The camera automatically selects a suitable shutter speed to give you a correct exposure. By varying the aperture, and thus controlling the depth of field, you can make the background and foreground sharper, or blur the background. In flash photography, varying the aperture changes the flash shooting distance. For available mode combinations, see page 64. 1 Set the exposure mode dial to M and compose. 1 Set the exposure mode dial to A, then set the aperture using the Command Dial. · Metering system automatically switches to Centre-Weighted from Matrix in Manual exposure mode. (Page 48.) 2 Confirm focus indicator u in the viewfinder and shoot. · When the subject is too dark or too bright, one of the following warnings will appear in the viewfinder or LCD panel. · /: Select smaller aperture (larger f-number). If the warning indication persists, use an ND filter. · ¤: Select larger aperture (smaller f-number). If the warning indication persists, use the Speedlight. 2 Set the shutter speed and aperture and confirm by looking at the electronic analogue display in the viewfinder. · Set the shutter speed (30-1/2000 sec.) by rotating the Command Dial. · Set the aperture by rotating the Command Dial while pressing the g button. · These functions can be set independently. 42 43 DETAILED OPERATION (EXPOSURE) WWW.LENSINC.NET M: Manual Enables you to set both shutter speed and aperture manually. You can produce various creative effects by adjusting the exposure. Long Time Exposure, which allows shutter speeds greater than 30 sec., is also possible in this mode. For other available mode combinations, see page 64. Shooting in Each Exposure Mode--continued Electronic analogue display The electronic analogue display in the viewfinder indicates the difference between the selected exposure (shutter speed and aperture), and the correct exposure. Not available with Long Time Exposure. Correct exposure or ±0.5EV Vari-Program Vari-Program Vari-Program gives you the option to choose from five different programs designed for specific picture-taking situations. For other available mode combinations, see page 64. Shooting with Vari-Program 3 Confirm focus indicator u in the viewfinder and shoot. · A Non-CPU lens works only with Manual exposure mode. However, the camera's meter will be disabled. Furthermore, the aperture cannot be set with the g button and the Command Dial. Use lens' aperture ring. See page 32 on "Lens Compatibility". Long Time Exposure This function is useful for shooting nighttime scenes or stars. Select Long Time Exposure (of more than 30 sec.) by rotating the Command Dial until , appears in the viewfinder and LCD panel. Pressing the shutter release button once opens the shutter (LCD indications will turn off). Press the shutter release button again to close the shutter. Camera shake can be reduced by using the self-timer (page 55) and tripod. Continuous exposure is possible for approx. 15 hours with a fresh set of lithium batteries. Note that continuous exposure time is reduced when shooting in low temperatures. · The following warning indications appear in the viewfinder or LCD panel when the subject is too dark or bright. · /: Use ND filter. · ¤: Use Speedlight. NOTE: Vari-Program Flexible Program (page 40) and exposure compensation (page 50) are cancelled in Vari-Program. When using the flash in Vari-Program, the Flash Sync modes (page 59) automatically change according to each program selected. 44 45 DETAILED OPERATION (EXPOSURE) WWW.LENSINC.NET Under ­0.5EV to ­1.5EV Over +1.5EV Set the exposure mode dial to the desired Vari-Program, confirm focus indicator u in the viewfinder and shoot. Vari-Program--continued Vari-Program selection c: Landscape Program Use this program whenever you're taking a picture of a distant scene. It generally selects a smaller aperture to assure sharply focused landscape pictures. Recommended lenses: you can use the full range of lenses (wideangle to telephoto) to achieve different effects. · To avoid camera shake, use a tripod. · In b Sport Program, focus detection continues as long as the shutter release button is lightly pressed. By fully depressing the shutter release button and holding it in, you can perform continuous shooting. n: Night Scene Program Use this program in the evening or at night. It allows you to capture the beauty of nighttime scenes. You can also use it with the flash when you want to include portraits in a night scene composition. Recommended lenses: you can use the full range of lenses (wideangle to telephoto) to achieve different effects. · To avoid camera shake, use a tripod. v: Close-Up Program Use this program when you are taking pictures up close. It uses a larger aperture (smaller f-number) and a shallow depth of field to create a blurred background that accentuates your main subject. Recommended AF Nikkor lenses: AF Micro-Nikkor lenses. · To avoid camera shake, use a tripod. 46 47 DETAILED OPERATION (EXPOSURE) WWW.LENSINC.NET x: Portrait Program Use this program whenever you are taking pictures of people. It uses a relatively large aperture (smaller f-number) and shallow depth of field to create a blurred background to accentuate your main subject. Recommended AF Nikkor lenses: 85mm to 200mm telephoto lenses with large maximum apertures. b: Sport Program Use this program to freeze action. It uses a fast shutter speed suitable for stop-action photography. Recommended AF Nikkor lenses: 80mm to 300mm telephoto lenses Exposure Metering System The exposure metering system of this camera is normally set to Matrix Metering. It automatically switches to Centre-Weighted Metering when the exposure mode is set to Manual or when the Auto Exposure Lock function (page 49) is used. Auto Exposure Lock When using the auto exposure modes, you can control the exposure based on the brightness of a specific area within the scene using the Auto Exposure Lock function. The metering system automatically switches to Centre-Weighted Metering when this function is used. Matrix Metering provides correct exposure control using a sixsegment Matrix Sensor. With D- or G-type AF Nikkor lenses, 3D Matrix Metering automatically activates to use scene brightness, scene contrast and subject distance information to ensure even more accurate exposure control. All exposure modes except Manual exposure and the Auto Exposure Lock function (page 49) employ Matrix Metering. 2 Keeping the AE-L button pressed, recompose, focus and shoot. Centre-Weighted Metering Centre-Weighted Metering places special emphasis on brightness within the 12mm-diameter circle in the viewfinder and is thus useful for basing exposure on a specific area of the scene. The metering system automatically switches to Centre-Weighted Metering when exposure mode is set to Manual (page 43) or when the Auto Exposure Lock function (page 49) is used. 48 49 DETAILED OPERATION (EXPOSURE) WWW.LENSINC.NET Matrix Metering/3D Matrix Metering 1 Centre the main subject inside the viewfinder and zoom-in. Press the AE-L button while lightly pressing the shutter release button. Exposure Compensation To modify exposure control (i.e. from the ISO standard), use the exposure compensation function. This can be useful when the subject has pronounced contrast or when bracketing exposure with colour slide film (where the latitude of the proper exposure is minimal). You can modify exposure control from ­3EV to +3EV in 1/2 steps (except in z mode and Vari-Program). 1 Compensate exposure by rotating the Command Dial while pressing the h button until the desired compensation value appears. ­0.5EV compensation · To cancel exposure compensation, rotate the Command Dial while pressing the h button to reset the compensation value to 0. Or you can perform Two-Button Reset (page 57). (Turning the camera off does not cancel the exposure compensation function.) +2EV compensation · When the exposure compensation is set, h appears in the viewfinder and LCD panel. The compensation value can be checked by pressing the h button (it is also indicated in the viewfinder's electronic analogue display). In flash photography, the flash output level is also compensated. · Normally, you should compensate exposure to the + side when the background is brighter than your main subject or to the ­ side when the background is darker. 50 51 DETAILED OPERATION (EXPOSURE) WWW.LENSINC.NET