User manual NIKON F70 - D INSTRUCTION MANUAL

INSTRUCTION MANUAL E CONTENTS FOREWORD............................................................................4 NOMENCLATURE .......................................................5-11 BASIC OPERATION ..................................................12-25 MOUNTING LENS ....................................................................13 INSTALLING BATTERIES..........................................................14 CHECKING BATTERY POWER...................................................15 LOADING FILM ..................................................................16-18 BASIC SHOOTING ..............................................................19-24 REWINDING FILM ..............................................................24-25 GENERAL FUNCTIONS ...........................................26-71 FILM SPEED SETTING MODE...................................................27 FILM ADVANCE MODE ............................................................28 SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING..............................................28 CONTINUOUS SHOOTING ................................................28 EXPOSURE MODE..............................................................46-60 SELECTING EXPOSURE MODE ...................................46-49 SETTING EXPOSURE MODE .............................................50 FLEXIBLE PROGRAM ........................................................51 OPERATION IN SHUTTER-PRIORITY AUTO EXPOSURE MODE ...................................................52-54 OPERATION IN APERTURE-PRIORITY AUTO EXPOSURE MODE ...................................................55-57 OPERATION IN MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE...............58-60 LONG TIME EXPOSURE­­Using fi setting .........................83 SELF-TIMER OPERATION...................................................84-85 PANORAMA-SIZE SHOOTING (for use with F70D only)........86-88 IMPORTANT NOTES ON PANORAMA PICTURES........86-87 TAKING PANORAMA PICTURES .......................................88 IMPRINTING DATE/TIME (for use with F70D only)...............89-92 TAKING PICTURE WITH IMPRINTED DATE/TIME .................................................90 ADJUSTING DATE/TIME ....................................................91 REPLACING BATTERY FOR IMPRINTING FUNCTION .......92 FLASH-ILLUMINATED SUBJECT BRIGHTER OR DARKER .........................................................100-101 FLASH EXPOSURE BRACKETING ...........................102-103 USABLE LENSES WITH BUILT-IN FLASH........................104 USING ACCESSORY NIKON SPEEDLIGHTS ......................105-110 SPEEDLIGHT COMPATIBILITY ........................................105 TYPE OF TTL AUTO FLASH .....................................106-107 WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH NIKON SPEEDLIGHTS .........108 NOTES ON FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY ...............................109 USING VARI-PROGRAM......................................................61-67 WHAT IS VARI-PROGRAM?...............................................61 SETTING VARI-PROGRAM...........................................62-63 VARI-PROGRAM SELECTION GUIDE...........................64-67 FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY........................................93-110 USING BUILT-IN FLASH ...................................................94-104 AUTOMATIC BALANCED FILL-FLASH WITH TTL MULTI SENSOR--3D MULTI-SENSOR BALANCED FILL-FLASH AND MULTI-SENSOR BALANCED FILL-FLASH ...................................................................94 CENTRE-WEIGHTED/SPOT FILL-FLASH ...........................95 STANDARD TTL FLASH.....................................................95 BUILT-IN FLASH OPERATION ......................................96-97 FLASH SHOOTING DISTANCE RANGE .............................98 SHUTTER SPEED/APERTURE FOR EACH EXPOSURE MODE.........................................................99 FLASH OUTPUT LEVEL COMPENSATION--TO MAKE FOCUS AREA.....................................................................29-30 FOCUS MODE....................................................................31-42 AUTOFOCUS................................................................31-36 AUTOFOCUS WITH MAIN SUBJECT OFF CENTRE......36-37 SPECIAL FOCUSING SITUATIONS...............................38-39 MANUAL FOCUS..........................................................40-42 EXPOSURE METERING SYSTEM .........................................43-45 SELECTING METERING SYSTEM ................................43-44 SETTING METERING SYSTEM ..........................................45 FLASH SYNC MODE...........................................................68-69 QR (QUICK RECALL) FUNCTION ..........................................70-71 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS .............................................72-84 EXPOSURE COMPENSATION ..............................................73-81 AUTO EXPOSURE LOCK FUNCTION WITH AE-L BUTTON.................................................74-75 TO OBTAIN METER READING FOR A PARTICULAR SUBJECT IN MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE ...............76-77 EXPOSURE COMPENSATION FUNCTION ...................78-79 ALL MODE EXPOSURE BRACKETING .........................80-82 EV CHARTS FOR FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY................................110 MISCELLANEOUS.................................................111-135 LENSES ........................................................................112-114 ACCESSORY COMPATIBILITY ................................................115 CAMERA CARE TIPS ......................................................116-118 NOTES ON BATTERIES..........................................................119 SPECIFICATIONS ...........................................................120-123 LCD PANEL/VIEWFINDER INDICATIONS..........................124-129 GLOSSARY ....................................................................130-135 2 3 FOREWORD Thank you for purchasing the new Nikon F70/F70D camera. Although the F70/F70D camera offers many exciting features, it is easy to operate. The F70/F70D camera's Command Control Input System enables you to set camera function and shooting mode by just pressing buttons that are colour-coordinated with their corresponding images in the large LCD. With the built-in flash, which offers many advanced functions including 3D MultiSensor Balanced Fill-Flash, you will enjoy advanced flash photography and make better flash pictures than ever before. Get to know your F70/F70D camera, but before using it, be sure to read this manual thoroughly; then turn your vision into reality with the F70/F70D camera. NOMENCLATURE Once you know the names of the parts of your new Nikon F70/F70D, as well as their functions and the camera's other controls, you will be surprised how simple and logical the F70/F70D's operation can be. For F70D users When taking panorama pictures, always read "IMPORTANT NOTES ON PANORAMA PICTURES" on pages 86 to 87. 4 5 1 14 15 26 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 21 22 23 24 25 FUNCTION 16 17 18 19 20 27 28 29 1 Focusing ring: Used for manual focus (pp. 40-42) 2 Focus mode selector: AF for Autofocus (pp. 31-37); M for Manual focus (pp. 40-42) 3 Lens release button 4 Remote terminal: For optional Nikon Remote Cord MC12B 5 Flash lock-release button 6 Camera strap eyelet 7 QR call (OUT) button 8 Function button (FUNCTION button)* 9 Function set*/self-timer button (SET/! button)* !p QR set (IN)/film rewind button (p. 20 and pp.70-71 for Quick Recall function) !q Built-in flash (pp. 94-104) !w Accessory shoe: For Nikon dedicated Speedlights. !e Film plane indicator: Exact distance from lens mounting flange to film plane is 46.5mm !r Aperture scale !t Minimum aperture lock: Lock for Programmed Auto or Shutter-Priority Auto !y !u !i !o @p @q @w @e @r @t @y @u @i @o #p #q Aperture ring Self-timer indicator LED (p. 84) Shutter release button Power switch Vari-Program symbols Vari-Program (Ps)/film rewind button (pp. 62-67 for VariProgram) Focus area button (pp. 29-30) LCD panel (p. 8) Film cartridge confirmation window Camera back lock release Eyepiece cover (provided): Prevents stray light from entering viewfinder. AE-L (auto exposure lock) button (pp. 74-75) Command input control dial (command dial)* Viewfinder eyepiece Battery chamber cover lock release Tripod socket 30 31 6 * Used for F70/F70D's Command Control Input System. See pages 10 to 11. 7 2 3 4 5 6 F70D viewfinder (See page 88). 1 14 13 12 15 16 7 17 8 3 1 4 2 5 Panorama-size shot indicator 18 19 Panorama frame marks 9 10 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 LCD panel indications 1 Quick Recall function 2 Shutter speed 3 Vari-Program set indicator 4 Aperture 5 Film loading 6 Battery 7 Film advance/rewind 8 Focus area 9 Frame counter/ISO speed/self-timer duration/ compensation value !p Self-timer Viewfinder indication !q !w !e !r !t !y !u !i !o Function Area indicator Auto Exposure Bracketing/Flash Exposure Bracketing* Exposure compensation/Flash Output Level Compensation* Flash sync mode* Metering system* Exposure mode*/Flexible Program Focus mode* Film advance mode* Film speed setting mode* 1 Flash ready-light (red) 2 Flash recommend light (green) 3 3mm-dia. reference circle for Spot Metering/Spot Area AF 4 Wide Area focus brackets 5 12mm-dia. reference circle for Centre-Weighted Metering 6 Focus area 7 Focus indicators: u indicates a stationary subject is in focus. y shows Focus Tracking; also indicates that a moving subject is expected to be in focus. Blinking y indicates autofocus is impossible. and arrows indicate front and rear focus, respectively, in manual focus mode Metering system Exposure mode/Flexible Program Shutter speed Aperture Electronic analog display Flash Output Level Compensation Exposure compensation * These symbols displayed in each Area in the Function Zone, are selected with Nikon Command Input Control System. See pages 10 to 11. 8 9 !p !q !w !e !r Turning the camera power on or lightly pressing shutter release button to activate the exposure meter switches on the viewfinder illuminator. When the camera's power is turned off or when the exposure meter is automatically switched off, the illuminator turns off. 8 9 Function Zone F70/F70D's Command Input Control System Using FUNCTION and SET/! buttons plus command dial, set desired functions/modes indicated in LCD panel Function Zone. The Function Zone contains eight Function Areas-- Film Speed Setting Mode Area, Film Advance Mode Area, Focus Mode Area, Exposure Mode Area, Metering System Area, Flash Sync Mode Area, Exposure Compensation/Flash Output Level Compensation Area, and Auto Exposure Bracketing/Flash Exposure Bracketing Area. (The example illustrated in the following procedure shows the setting of Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode.) 1 Turn on the camera. 2 Press and hold FUNCTION button. The Function Area indicator appears in the last selected area and the symbol in the area starts blinking. 3 While holding FUNCTION button, rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the desired area and the symbol in the area blinks. 4 10 Remove finger from FUNCTION button, then press SET/! button. 5 While holding SET/! button, rotate command dial until your desired symbol appears. 6 Remove finger from SET/! button to complete the setting. 11 MOUNTING LENS BASIC OPERATION This section shows you how to prepare the camera for shooting-- e.g., how to mount lens, load film, etc.--as well as how to actually take pictures. Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned photographer, you should master this section before proceeding further. 2 Position lens in the camera's bayonet mount so that the mounting indexes on lens and camera body are aligned. Taking care not to press lens release button, twist lens counterclockwise until it locks into place. To remove Push and hold lens release button and turn lens clockwise. 1 Remove camera body cap and front and rear lens caps. · When mounting/removing lens, make sure that the camera's power is turned off and avoid direct sunlight. · See page 112 for Nikon lens compatibility chart. 12 13 INSTALLING BATTERIES CHECKING BATTERY POWER 2 1 Make sure the power switch is set at OFF position, then open battery chamber cover by sliding the lock release. Insert two CR123A lithium batteries with "+" and "­" ends positioned as illustrated inside the cover. 3 Close the cover by pushing until it clicks. Slide power switch to ON position, and confirm that a full battery mark ( I ) appears on LCD panel, indicating sufficient battery power. The battery mark and exposure indications automatically turn off after 8 sec. If O blinks: Batteries are nearing exhaustion. Have a fresh set ready. If P blinks: Batteries are just about exhausted. Slide power switch to OFF and replace batteries with a fresh set. If no indication/mark appears, batteries are completely exhausted or improperly installed. Replace. About exposure meter You can check battery power anytime by lightly pressing shutter release button. This action activates the exposure meter; LCD panel and viewfinder LCD show aperture/shutter speed indications, and autofocus operation starts (unless camera is set for manual focusing). The exposure indications and battery mark stay on for approx. 8 sec. after you take your finger off shutter release button, then automatically turn off. If you remove your finger from the button, these LCD readouts go off approx. 2 sec. after the shutter is released without the flash. With the built-in flash or accessory Speedlight activated, these LCD readouts stay on for approx. 8 sec. after shutter release. When installing/replacing batteries, always read "NOTES ON BATTERIES" on page 119. 14 15 LOADING FILM The loading film procedure on pages 16 to 17 shows how to load film with auto film speed setting for DXcoded films. · To avoid fogging film (especially high-ISO film), do not load/unload film in direct sunlight. · Usable film speed range for DX-coded film is ISO 25 to 5000. · For non-DX coded film, see p. 27. Do not touch shutter curtains with your finger or with film leader. 1 Confirm whether DX for DX-coded film is shown on LCD panel. · If not, set auto film speed setting mode by using FUNCTION button, SET/! button and command dial ( see page 27). 2 Slide camera back lock release down to open camera back. 3 Install film. Insert the film cartridge by placing the cartridge spindle on the fork at the bottom of the film cartridge chamber. FUNCTION 4 16 Pull film leader out to red index mark. 5 Check to ensure film is properly positioned with no slack (see illustration). 17 BASIC SHOOTING This section features the settings for most common picture-taking situations when AF Nikkor (including AF-S/AF-I Nikkor) lenses are used: Film advance mode: single-frame shooting V Metering: Matrix Metering i Focus Area: Wide < Focus mode: Single Servo AF ° Exposure mode: Auto-Multi Program A 6 Gently close camera back until lock release snaps closed. 7 Fully depress shutter release button to advance film to frame #1. Confirm frame counter shows 1 and R symbol appears on LCD panel. · If film is incorrectly positioned, E remains, Y symbol blinks and shutter is locked. Open camera back and reload film properly. · If non-DX-coded film or film with an unacceptable DX code is loaded, the Err, B and N marks in LCD panel blink and the shutter is locked. Set IS0 speed manually (see p. 27). · IF you are using AI-P-Nikkor lens, use manual focus (see pp. 40-42). If you are using other non-AF Nikkor lenses, use Centre-Weighted or Spot Metering (see pp. 43-45), manual focus, and Aperture-Priority Auto or Manual Exposure mode (see pp. 55-57 or 58-60). To confirm usable mode by lens, see chart on p. 112. 1 Set lens to its minimum aperture (highest f-number marked in orange on AF Nikkor lenses) and lock lens aperture of AF Nikkor lens at its minimum setting (see lens instruction manual). 2 Set focus mode selector to AF for Autofocus. If lens has an A-M switch, set switch to A. 18 19 3 Hold the OUT button and rotate command dial until 0 appears in the QR (Quick Recall) window on LCD panel. Remove your finger from the OUT button. The camera's settings are automatically reset to factory initial settings (as shown below) for basic shooting: Film advance mode: Single frame (V) Focus area: Wide (<) Focus mode Single Servo AF (°) Metering system: Matrix (i) Exposure mode (including Vari-Program): Auto-Multi Program (A) Flash sync mode Normal (If accessory Nikon Speedlight attached is set at Rear-Curtain Sync, Rear-Curtain Sync will be performed.) Flexible Program setting Cancel Exposure compensation function Cancel All Mode Exposure Bracketing Cancel Flash Exposure Bracketing Cancel For details about QR function, see pages 70 to 71. 4 For details about each function/mode, see following pages: · Film advance mode p. 28 · Metering system pp. 43-45 · Exposure mode pp. 46-60 · Focus area pp. 29-30 · Focus mode pp. 31 -42 · Flexible Program p. 51 · Flash sync mode pp. 68-69 · Exposure compensation function pp. 78-79 · All Mode Exposure Bracketing pp. 80-82 · Flash Exposure Bracketing pp. 102-103 Hold camera. Grasp the camera handgrip with your right hand. Use your left hand to cradle the camera with the elbow propped against your body for support, as you look through the viewfinder. Use your right hand index finger to press shutter release button. 5 Look through the viewfinder and position focus brackets on main subject. Although the viewfinder covers approx. 92% of the image area of the actual photograph, a negative film will show you an image larger than what you see through the viewfinder. Note: The image in a slide film may be partially cropped by the mount. Also, the edges of negative film are partially cropped by most labs. 20 21 If / appears in the shutter speed position­­­Overexposure alert: Use Nikon ND or similar filter. 6 Lightly press shutter release button to start autofocus operation and switch exposure meter on. With a stationary subject, confirm that the in-focus indicator u appears on the viewfinder's LCD readout. With a moving subject, confirm that Focus Tracking indicator y appears. Confirm, too, that the shutter speed and aperture indications are shown inside viewfinder. (Exposure readouts also appear in the camera's external LCD panel.) · If appears, subject is located closer than the lens' closest focusing distance. Move away from the subject and refocus. · If y blinks in the viewfinder, autofocus is not possible (p. 38). If ¤ appears in the shutter speed position--Underexposure alert: Use a Nikon Speedlight, higher ISO film or lens with faster aperture, whichever is suitable. If blinks in the aperture position­­­Lens setting error alert: Lens is not set to smallest aperture setting, so shutter is locked. Set lens to smallest aperture. Note on Single Servo AF with a stationary subject After focusing is achieved and in-focus indicator u appears, focus is locked as long as the shutter release button is lightly pressed. If the distance between you and the stationary subject changes, remove your finger from shutter release button, then lightly press it again to refocus. For details about Single Servo AF, see page 32. If shutter speed indication blinks inside viewfinder--picture blur possibility: The automatically selected shutter speed is 1/50 sec. or slower and picture blur may occur due to camera shake. To reduce possibility of blur, hold camera very steady, use a tripod or use the built-in flash or an accessory Nikon Speedlight. If green q mark appears­­­Flashphotography recommended: If available light is insufficient, q mark appears. Use built-in flash or accessory Nikon Speedlight. 22 23 REWINDING FILM TION FUNC 7 To take picture, fully depress shutter release button. Camera automatically advances film by one frame, and LCD frame counter increases by one. 1 When film reaches its end of roll, film advance stops automatically and shutter locks. · and Y symbol blink in LCD panel, and · blinks inside viewfinder. (Those symbols stop blinking and stay on when the exposure meter is automatically switched off.) 2 Shutter speed/aperture indications in LCD panel and inside viewfinder turn off approx. 2 sec. after you release shutter and take your finger off shutter release button. Silent film rewind With the film advance mode set at SL for Single Silent, you can rewind film in very quiet environments. (For film advance mode, see p.28). Press IN button and Ps button to start film rewind. During film rewind, U appears on LCD panel, and frame counter counts backwards until rewind is complete. · You can rewind film, before it reaches end of roll, in the same manner. · If film does not start rewind or if film rewind has stopped at mid-roll, check battery power. If battery power is insufficient, turn power switch off, replace batteries with a fresh set, turn power on, then press IN and Ps buttons again to restart film rewind. (When replacing batteries, read "NOTES ON BATTERIES" on page 119.) · Do not open camera back during film rewind. If camera back is opened, film rewind will stop at mid-roll and < and U blink in LCD panel; to restart film rewind, press IN button and Ps button again. 3 After rewind automatically stops, confirm the frame counter shows E and film installation symbol T blinks for a few seconds. Open camera back and remove film cartridge. · To remove film, pull out the upper part of the cartridge then lift up. · With an exposed film cartridge left in the film cartridge chamber, depressing shutter release button causes T to blink in LCD panel. To conserve battery power, turn off power switch when you are not using the camera. Always remove batteries before storing the camera to prevent damage due to leaking batteries. 24 25 FILM SPEED SETTING MODE Automatic film speed setting (with a DX-coded film installed) GENERAL FUNCTIONS Manual film speed setting This chapter explains the various modes of the F70/F70D camera's operation. Please review it thoroughly. The F70/F70D offers two ways to set film speed--automatic film speed setting for DX-coded film and manual film speed setting. Mode Area and BN or B blinks. Then hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until desired film speed is shown in place of frame counter with B in the film Film Speed Setting Mode Area. · If DX-coded film is loaded but manual film speed setting is selected, camera gives priority to the manually set ISO number. Automatic film speed setting for DX-coded films Usable film speed range for DX-coded film is ISO 25 to ISO 5000. Make sure N is shown on the LCD panel. If not, hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Film Speed Setting Mode Area and B blinks. Then hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until BN appears. Manual film speed setting Usable range for manual film speed setting is ISO 6 to 6400. Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Film Speed Setting To check ISO film speed setting Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Film Speed Setting Mode Area and BN or B blinks. Then hold SET/! button. 26 27 FILM ADVANCE MODE FOCUS AREA There are four automatic film advance modes. Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Film Advance Mode Area and V, Z, X or C blinks, then hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until desired symbol appears. Set V for single-frame shooting, X for continuous low-speed shooting, Z for continuous high-speed shooting, or C for silent rewind, and so on. X Continuous low-speed and Z continuous high-speed shooting Shots are taken continuously as long as you keep shutter release button fully depressed. You have a choice of shooting speeds: approx. 3.7 fps (frames per second) in the Z mode, and approx. 2.0 fps in the X mode--with fresh lithium batteries at normal temperature (20°C) and at shutter speeds of 1/250 sec. or higher in the Manual exposure and Manual focus modes. With shutter speeds slower than 1/250 sec., the framing rate becomes progressively slower in proportion to the shutter speed in use. · When built-in flash is activated, continuous shooting is automatically switched over to single-frame shooting (V). In this case, Z or X blinks in LCD panel. The F70/F70D's autofocus system offers a choice of two focus areas: Wide and Spot. While pressing focus area button, rotate command dial until the desired symbol­­< for Wide Area or > for Spot Area-- appears in LCD panel. < Wide Area AF The Wide-Area focus brackets delineate the focus detecting area in the viewfinder. Subjects of sufficient brightness and detail can be detected within these brackets. In addition to general photography, autofocus using Wide-Area focus brackets is suited to action photography in which the moving subject requires a wide-range focus detection area. However, focus detection may not be possible if the subject is too small to fully cover the Wide-Area focus brackets. If various subjects, each at a different distance, fall within the focus detection area, focus will be confirmed for a single subject as follows: · For subjects of equal brightness: the closer one will be focused. · For subjects of unequal brightness: the brighter one will be focused. V Single-frame shooting and C silent rewind Fully depressing shutter release button takes one picture and automatically advances film by one frame. Film is advanced immediately after shutter closes whether you remove your finger from shutter release button or keep the button depressed. To take the next shot, lift your finger from the button, then fully depress it again. C for silent rewind is for times when conditions require a minimum of operating noise. You can rewind film very quietly. For flash photography When built-in flash is activated or accessory Nikon Speedlight is turned on, Wide Area is automatically switched over to Spot Area. In this case, < blinks in LCD panel and e appears inside viewfinder. 28 29 FOCUS MODE AUTOFOCUS > Spot Area AF Spot Area AF, in which the focus detecting area is shown by the 3mm-dia. circle at the centre of the viewfinder, is recommended in the following situations: a. Subject considerably smaller than the Wide-Area focus brackets* b. Subject obscured by an object, such as a fence, in the foreground c. A particular portion of the subject must be in focus, such as the eyes in a portrait d. Strongly backlit subject, such as someone standing beside bright window** For autofocus, set the focus mode selector at AF. The Nikon F70/F70D has two autofocus modes, focus-priority Single Servo AF and release-priority Continuous Servo AF. Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Focus Mode Area and ° or blinks, then hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until desired symbol appears. Set ° for Single Servo AF or for Continuous Servo AF. In either autofocus mode and in any film advance mode, Focus Tracking automatically activates when the subject starts moving. You can obtain correctly focused pictures for many moving subjects. · If you set focus mode selector to AF with a non-AF Nikkor lens, ° or blinks in LCD panel, telling you to set manual focus mode. * Lock focus. See "AUTOFOCUS WITH MAIN SUBJECT OFF CENTRE" on pages 36 to 37. ** To give correct exposure on your subject, see "AUTO EXPOSURE LOCK FUNCTION WITH AE-L BUTTON" on pages 74 to 75 or "TO OBTAIN METER READING FOR A PARTICULAR SUBJECT IN MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE" on pages 76 to 77. Caution Do not attempt to turn the lens focusing ring or impede its rotation when the focus mode selector is set to AF. 30 31 Stationary subject is in focus Moving subject is expected to be in focus With a moving subject: Lightly press shutter release button and Focus Tracking is automatically activated. Confirm y appears in the viewfinder, then fully depress shutter release button. Focus Tracking remains activated as long as you keep lightly pressing shutter release button. If subject stops and u appears, focus is locked. If subject moves again, remove your finger from shutter release button and lightly press it again to start autofocus with Focus Tracking. ° Single Servo AF You lightly press shutter release button, the lens starts adjusting for focus. Because the priority is on correct focus, the shutter locks until the stationary subject is in focus (with u) or until the moving subjects expected to be in focus (with y). After focus is achieved with a stationary subject, the focus remains locked for as long as shutter release button is lightly pressed. This feature is useful, especially when recomposing the picture with the mains subject off centre. However, if the camera-to-subject distance changes, you have to refocus. With a stationary subject: Lightly press shutter release button. When the subject is in focus, the lens stops moving, the infocus indication u appears in the viewfinder, and focus is locked. If the subject moves, remove your finger from shutter release button, then lightly press it again to restart autofocus. · Single Servo AF is convenient for off-centre subjects. See pages 36 to 37. · After shooting with the film advance mode selector set at V or C , you do not have to remove your finger from shutter release button for the next shot. Slightly lift your finger from the button (but maintaining the button in the half-depressed position) then fully depress it to release the shutter again. The focus setting will have remained unchanged from the prior setting. In the Single Servo AF mode, focus remains locked even after shutter is released, unless you remove your finger from shutter release button. With film advance mode set at Z or X, camera detects focus every time the shutter is released. · With a moving subject, depending on subject status and lens in use, slightly out-of-focus pictures may result. If stays in the viewfinder Subject is located closer than the closest focusing distance of the lens. Move away from subject and refocus. If y blinks in the viewfinder: Autofocus is not possible (see page 38) and shutter locks. 32 33 · As focus is not locked in Continuous Servo AF, to take an off-centre subject, select Single Servo AF. (Pages 36 to 37). · With a moving subject, depending on subject status and lens in use, slightly out-of-focus pictures may result. Stationary subject is in focus Moving subject is expected to be in focus With a moving subject: Lightly press shutter release button and Focus Tracking is automatically activated. Confirm y appears in the viewfinder, then fully depress shutter release button. Focus Tracking remains activated as long as you keep lightly pressing shutter release button. When the subject stops, the viewfinder shows u. Continuous Servo AF with Release-Priority Under some conditions, such as very fast action situations, you may want to take a picture even if focus has not been successfully accomplished. In such cases, use this mode. In Continuous Servo autofocus mode, as you lightly press shutter release button, focus detection begins and the lens focuses for as long as you keep shutter release button lightly pressed. Since the priority is on shutter release, you can fully depress shutter release button regardless of focus status. With a stationary subject: Lightly press shutter release button to start autofocus operation. When the subject is in focus, the camera's autofocus motor (or the built-in motor of an AF-S/AF-I Nikkor lens) stops driving the autofocus lens and u lights up. Unless you remove your finger from shutter release button, the motor will start driving the lens again to obtain an in-focus picture if the subject moves. If appears in the viewfinder Subject is located closer than the closest focusing distance of the lens. Move away from subject and refocus. If y blinks in the viewfinder: Autofocus is not possible (see page 38). 34 35 AUTOFOCUS WITH MAIN SUBJECT OFF CENTRE As previously noted, in Single Servo autofocus, focus is locked as long as shutter release button is kept lightly pressed. Use this feature for off-centre subjects. · If there is substantial difference of brightness between subject and background, switch to Centre-Weighted or Spot Metering and use AE-L button. See pages 74 to 75. 1 Position reference circle for Spot AF on the subject and lightly press shutter release button to start autofocus operation. 2 Confirm in-focus indicator u appears in viewfinder. 3 Keeping shutter release button lightly pressed, recompose, then fully depress shutter release button to take pictures. · In the following procedures, Spot-Area AF and Spot Metering are used for demonstration photos . · With a moving subject, focus cannot be locked. 36 37 SPECIAL FOCUSING SITUATIONS Autofocus operation depends on general lighting, subject contrast and detail, and other technical factors. In rare situations where autofocus (and manual focus with Electronic Rangefinder) is not possible, y blinks telling you to focus manually with clear matte field (p. 42) or perform autofocus on another subject located at same distance. In the following situations, ignore in-focus indicator u. · Scene with subject located at different distances. (For example, when shooting a person over a fence or when shooting animals inside a cage) Use Spot Area for autofocus (page 30) or focus manually with clear matte field. · With an extremely bright object near your subject Use Spot Area for autofocus (page 30) or focus manually with clear matte field. · When using a linear polarizing filter*, or other special filter such as a soft-focus filter. Focus manually with clear matte field. * Circular polarizing filter can be used in connection with autofocus operation. A. Very dark subject Focus manually with clear matte field, or for Single Servo AF, focus on another brighter subject located at same distance, lock focus, then recompose (pp. 36-37). Or, use a Nikon AF Speedlight (SB-28, SB-27, SB-26, SB-25, SB-23, SB-22s, SB-22 or SB-20) to perform autofocus with Speedlight's AF illuminator. B. Low-contrast subject Focus manually with clear matte field, or for Single Servo AF, focus on another subject at same distance but with more contrast, lock focus, then recompose (pp. 36-37). C. Strongly backlit subject or bright subject with shiny surface such as silver or aluminum, or scene in which there is a pronounced difference in brightness. Focus manually with clear matte field. 38 39 MANUAL FOCUS Manual focus with Electronic Rangefinder The Electronic Rangefinder enables you to see focus status with the viewfinder indications while you are rotating the lens focusing ring. It works with most Nikon lenses (including AF Nikkor when operated manually) which have a maximum aperture of f/5.6 or faster. (For a complete list of usable lenses, see LENS COMPATIBILITY CHART on p. 112). To focus manually, set the focus mode selector to M. (If the lens has an A-M switch, set it to M. If you are using an AF-S/ AF-I Nikkor lens, set the focus mode ring to M or M/A.) There are two ways of assuring precise manual focus: with the Electronic Rangefinder or with the viewfinder's clear matte field. 2 Keeping shutter release button lightly pressed, rotate lens focusing ring in direction indicated by focus-to-left arrow ( ) or focus-to-right arrow ( ), until arrow disappears and infocus indicator u appears. 3 Confirm in-focus indicator u appears, then fully depress shutter release button to take picture. 1 40 Look through viewfinder and position focus brackets on main subject. Then lightly press shutter release button. For special focusing situations shown on page 38, y blinks to indicate that the Electronic Rangefinder does not correctly work. Focus with clear matte field (p. 42). 41 EXPOSURE METERING SYSTEM SELECTING METERING SYSTEM Manual focus using clear matte field Look through viewfinder and rotate lens focusing ring until image on clear matte field appears sharp. i Matrix Metering This system is ideal for quick operation in any exposure mode (pages 46 to 60). With D-type Nikkor lenses (including AF-S/ AF-I Nikkor lenses), 3D Matrix Metering is automatically activated. 3D Matrix Metering uses three types of data: (1) scene brightness, (2) scene contrast and (3) focused subject's distance (Distance Information). Data on scene brightness and contrast are detected by the camera's eight-segment Advanced Matrix Sensor, while data on the focused subject's distance is detected and relayed by the D-type Nikkor lens in use. In addition, the information sent by the camera's autofocus system indicating whether the main subject is centred is also considered in the computation. By analyzing these data, the F70/F70D's built-in microcomputer is able to provide correct exposure even in extremely complex lighting situations. If a non-D-type lens is used, Advanced Matrix Metering is performed. Although lens' Distance Information is not given, eight-segment Advanced Matrix Sensor provides the correct exposure in most lighting situations. Note that Matrix Metering system can be used only with lenses that have a built-in CPU (such as AF Nikkor and AI-P lenses.) 42 43 SETTING METERING SYSTEM o Centre-Weighted Metering With approx. 75% of the meter's sensitivity concentrated on the 12mm-dia. circle in the viewfinder and approx. 25% outside this circle, this meter becomes useful in situations where you want to base exposure on a specific area in the scene. In the auto exposure mode, to measure the brightness of the pictures off-centre portion, use the AE-L button (pp. 74-75). p Spot Metering Nearly 100% of the meter's sensitivity is concentrated on the 3mm circle in the centre of the viewfinder. Use this meter for really selective exposure control--achieving the best results requires experience. The Nikon F70/F70D has three type of exposure metering systems­­ Matrix Metering, Centre-Weighted Metering and Spot Metering. Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Metering System Area and i, o or p blinks. Then hold SET/! button and rotate command dial to set desired symbol. Set i for Matrix Metering, o for Centre-Weighted Metering or p for Spot Metering. If you are using a lens without CPU, or accessories such as bellows or extension rings Matrix Metering cannot be set. If you set i on the LCD panel, i blinks and metering system switches to Centre-Weighted Metering. (If Auto-Multi Program or Shutter-Priority Auto is set on the camera, the exposure mode also switches automatically to Aperture-Priority Auto with ° and blinking A or F.) In this case, use Centre-Weighted Metering /Spot Metering and AperturePriority-Auto/Manual exposure mode. 44 45 EXPOSURE MODE SELECTING EXPOSURE MODE Light reaching the film is controlled by shutter speed and lens aperture. The proper combination results in a correct exposure. Shutter speed and lens aperture settings are based on the ISO speed set for the film in use and the operation of the camera's exposure control system. The relationship between aperture and shutter speed is as follows: One change in shutter speed either doubles or halves the amount of light transmitted. For example, a shutter speed of 1/500 sec. passes half the light of 1/250 and double the light of 1/1000 sec. The aperture f/8 passes half the light of f/5.6 and double the light of f/11. If the correct exposure for a scene is 1/500 at f/8, then we can also select 1/250 at f/11 or 1/1000 at f/5.6 and achieve the same exposure results, and so on. Selecting the exposure control mode means deciding if you want the shutter speed and/or lens aperture to be set automatically or manually. The Nikon F70/F70D camera offers two types of programmed auto exposure modes, Auto-Multi Program (A) and VariProgram (S), as well as Shutter-Priority Auto (F), AperturePriority Auto (D), and Manual (G) exposure modes. Programmed Auto exposure modes (A/S) With the F70/F70D's microcomputer choosing the combination of shutter speed and aperture automatically, you can concentrate on picture composition, without worrying about exposure. Note that programmed auto exposure modes operate only with Nikon lenses that have a built-in CPU (AF Nikkor and AI-P Nikkor lenses). When S for Vari-Program is selected, you have a choice of eight options: (1) Portrait Program, (2) Hyperfocal Program, (3) Landscape Program, (4) Close-Up Program, (5) Sport Program, (6) Silhouette Program, (7) Night Scene Program and (8) Motion Effect Program. For details about Vari-Program, see pages 61 to 67. Auto-Multi Program (A) is used for most common picture-taking situations. The chart at right shows the shutter speed/aperture combinations for Auto-Multi Program that are selected at each EV (exposure value) brightness level. In Programmed Auto exposure mode, you can use the Flexible Program function to temporarily shift an automatically selected shutter speed/aperture combination and obtain the desired shutter speed/aperture (p. 51). Program chart of Auto-Multi Program To check shutter speed and aperture values, follow either the black or red line to where it intersects the diagonal line. EV f/1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 10 11 12 -4 -3 -5 -2 -1 0 5 1 3 4 6 7 2 8 9 30" 15" 8" 4" 2" 1" 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 20004000 sec. EV f/1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 10 11 30" 15" 8" 4" 2" 1" 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 20004000 sec. With 50mm f/1.4 With 180mm f/2.8 With 300mmf/4 With AF Zoom-Nikkor 35-80mm f/4-5.6D at 35mm and 80mm focal length settings. High-brightness limit for Matrix Metering 46 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 16 1 3 15 14 13 12 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 3 5 0 4 6 7 1 2 8 9 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 16 1 3 15 14 13 (ISO 100) 47 Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode You manually set the shutter speed you want. To freeze the action, use a high shutter speed; to create motion effects, choose a slower shutter speed. The F70/F70D's microcomputer automatically sets the proper aperture to match the manually selected shutter speed for correct exposure. See pages 52 to 54 for Shutter-Priority Auto operation. Note that Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode operates only with Nikon lenses that have a built-in CPU (AF Nikkor and AI-P Nikkor lenses). Manual exposure mode Manual exposure control allows you to make both aperture and shutter speed settings. For a technically correct exposure, follow the recommendation of the camera's light meter, as indicated by LCD readout. To achieve a specific creative effect (e.g., intentional blur, intentional under- or over-exposure), disregard the LCD and modify the recommended exposure settings. For Manual exposure operation, see pages 58 to 60 Pictures taken at different shutter speeds Pictures taken at different apertures Aperture-Priority Auto exposure mode You can control depth of field by varying the aperture. Smaller apertures make the background and foreground sharper (recommended for landscape pictures) while larger apertures tend to blur the background (recommended for portraits). Your selected aperture will determine the shutter speed that is automatically set by the camera's microcomputer. When using smaller apertures with correspondingly slower shutter speeds, remember that, generally, any speed below 1/(focal length in use) second, requires the use of a tripod to prevent picture blur due to camera shake. The higher the corresponding shutter speed to the aperture you set, the easier it is to stop action. Adjust the selected aperture if the speed is not appropriate for conditions or the specific effect you want. For Aperture-Priority Auto operation, see pages 55 to 57. High shutter speed Large aperture Slow shutter speed Small aperture 48 49 SETTING EXPOSURE MODE FLEXIBLE PROGRAM If you want to change the shutter speed/aperture combination in Programmed Auto exposure mode (including Vari-Program), use the Flexible Program function. Flexible Program enables you to temporarily change an automatically set shutter speed/aperture combination in 1/3 EV steps*, while maintaining the correct exposure. For users of lenses that have no CPU, or accessories such as bellows attachment or extension rings Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Exposure Mode Area and A, F, D or G blinks. Then hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until desired symbol appears. A for Auto-Multi Program F for Shutter-Priority Auto D for Aperture-Priority Auto G for Manual To activate Vari-Program, use Ps button. For details, see page 62. Use Aperture-Priority Auto or Manual exposure mode. Programmed Auto (including Vari-Program) or Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode automatically shifts to Aperture-Priority Auto exposure mode with ° and blinking A or F. (If Matrix Metering is set on the camera, metering system is also automatically shifted to CentreWeighted and i blinks). * Although aperture is shifted in 1/3 EV steps, aperture indication in the LCD panel and viewfinder changes in 1 EV steps. 2 Turn command dial until desired shutter speed or aperture value appears in viewfinder and in LCD panel. The Flexible Program indicator (H) appears to indicate the program has been shifted or changed. · As soon as the meter switches off (i.e., the viewfinder and LCD panel displays disappear), Flexible Program is canceled. Flexible Program is also canceled when you switch the exposure mode to another mode, when you change VariProgam option, when the built-in flash pops up/returns to down-position, when an accessory Nikon Speedlight is turned off, when QR number is recalled, or when camera power is turned off. 1 50 Lightly press shutter release button. 51 OPERATION IN SHUTTER-PRIORITY AUTO EXPOSURE MODE 1 Set lens to its minimum aperture setting (highest f-number). With AF Nikkor and AI-P Nikkor lenses, lock lens aperture at minimum setting (refer to lens instruction manual). 2 Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in the Exposure Mode Area and exposure mode symbol blinks. Hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until F appears on LCD panel. F also appears in the viewfinder. 3 Remove finger from SET/! button, and rotate command dial to select desired shutter speed. Shutter speed indication changes 1/3 step at a time in the following sequence: 3 )" 2 5" 2 )" 1 5" 1 3" 1 )" 8" 6" 5" 4" 3" 2.5" 2" 1 . 6" 1.3" 1" 1.3 1.6 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 1 ) 13 15 2) 25 3) 4) 5) 6) 8) 1)) 125 16) 2)) 25) 32) 4)) 5)) 64) 8)) 1))) 125) 16)) 2))) 25)) 32)) 4))) 4 Look inside viewfinder, compose and lightly press shutter release button. Confirm the automatically set aperture value. If lens is not set to its minimum aperture setting and you set the Shutter-Priority Auto, blinks in the LCD panel and viewfinder as lens setting error alert. If "bulb" is set on the camera, selecting the Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode will cause fi to blink­­a warning that the "bulb" setting cannot be used in Shutter-Priority Auto exposure mode. If meter has automatically turned off, along with LCD indications, turn on meter--and LCD readout--again by lightly pressing shutter release button. 52 53 OPERATION IN APERTURE-PRIORITY AUTO EXPOSURE MODE If / appears with electronic analog display*­­Overexposure alert: Select higher shutter speed or use Nikon ND filter. If ¤ appears with electronic analog display*­­­Underexposure alert: Select slower shutter speed, or use built-in flash or accessory Nikon Speedlight. 5 To take a picture, fully depress shutter release button. 1 Hold FUNCTION button and rotate command dial until the Function Area indicator appears in Exposure Mode Area and exposure mode symbol blinks. Hold SET/! button and rotate command dial until D appears on LCD panel. D also appears in the viewfinder. · If using an AF Nikkor or AI-P lens, make sure it is not locked to smallest aperture before next step. 2 Remove finger from SET/! button and set lens to desired fnumber by rotating lens aperture ring. Aperture set on lens is indicated in LCD panel and viewfinder as follows: 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32 (Available apertures limited to those of lens in use.) · Intermediate figure (e.g. 1.8, 3.3) displayed indicates maximum aperture of lens in use. Also, with zoom lenses, the maximum aperture for different focal length settings appears in 1/6 EV steps. If green j mark appears­­Flash photography is recommended: If subject brightness is insufficient, flash recommend light lights up. Use built-in flash or accessory Nikon Speedlight. * Shows value difference from correct exposure. If difference is beyond ±1 EV, for underexposure or for overexposure appears. 54 55 If meter has automatically turned off and LCD panel is off, turn meter on again by lightly pressing shutter release button.