User manual NORTHSTAR 962 - Install Guide

961 AND 962 GPS CHART NAVIGATORS INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Part Number GM1901 Northstar Technologies 30 Sudbury Road Acton, Massachusetts 01720 978/897-6600 800/628-4487 www.northstarcmc.com Limited warranty policy Northstar Technologies, Inc. warrants the Northstar 961 and 962 to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two (2) years. This warranty applies to the original purchaser and to any subsequent owner during the warranty period, which begins on the date of shipment of the unit, F.O.B. Acton, Massachusetts, to an authorized Northstar dealer. Systems may not be returned to Northstar without a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA) number. Call the Northstar dealer or Northstar for instructions. During the unit's warranty period, Northstar will repair or replace, at its option, any part of the unit it finds to be defective due to faulty material(s) or workmanship. All such repairs and/or replacements will be promptly performed by Northstar free-of-charge to the owner, excluding freight costs incurred in shipping to the factory. Return shipments from Northstar to points within the United States are made via ground transportation, freight prepaid. Special shipping charges (overnight, two-day, and so on) are the responsibility of the owner. To be covered by this warranty, the Northstar equipment must have been in normal use. This warranty does not apply to units with defects caused by improper installation, physical damage, abuse, tampering, lightning or other abnormal electrical discharge, or to units with defaced or altered serial numbers, or to units repaired by unauthorized persons or repaired in a manner that violates Northstar's recommended service procedures. All repairs and/or replacements made under this warranty must be performed at Northstar's facilities in Acton, Massachusetts. Performance of warranty work elsewhere will not be authorized, and Northstar will not pay for any charges for such work. Northstar will not be responsible for payment of any charges imposed by a Northstar dealer or other party for services requested by and/or performed for a unit's owner in connection with this warranty. Such services might include removal of the unit from a vessel, inspection, packaging, handling, reinstallation, and the like. Northstar Technologies, Inc. assumes no responsibility for any consequential losses of any nature with respect to any of its products or services sold, rendered, or delivered. The foregoing is the only warranty expressed or implied. No other warranty exists. Contents SECTION ONE - Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Who should read this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Scope of this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Getting technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Servicing the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Returning a 961/962 for service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 SECTION TWO - Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Safety considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choosing a system location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wiring the 961/962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turning the system on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Testing and troubleshooting the 961/962 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 . . . .6 . . . .7 . . . .8 . . .13 . . .15 . . .28 . . .34 SECTION THREE - Interfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Interfacing the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Configuring the NMEA output ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Configuring the auxiliary port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Setting PPNM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Using VGA output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 SECTION FOUR - Service/Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Service functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Maintenance functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 APPENDIX A - Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page i Page ii 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Figures Figure 1: 961/962 control head yoke-mount dimensions (side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Figure 2: 961/962 control head yoke-mount dimensions (front) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Figure 3: 961/962 control head flush-mounting template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Figure 4: Processor connectors (back of 961/962) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Figure 5: Separation distances between antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Figure 6: GPS-only antenna (AN150) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Figure 7: Stripping the coax cable jacket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Figure 8: Flared cable braid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Figure 9: Completed BNC connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Figure 10: Combo GPS/DGPS antenna (AN205-P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Figure 11: Correct AN205-P (combo antenna) splitter wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Figure 12: Stripping the coax cable jacket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Figure 13: Flared cable braid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Figure 14: Completed TNC connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Figure 15: ACU assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Figure 16: Correct AN150 and 8410 wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Figure 17: PL-259 (UHF) connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Figure 18: Initial 961 and 962 startup screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Figure 19: System test screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Figure 20: Owner's message screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Figure 21: Advisory message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Figure 22: GPS satellite status screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Figure 23: Interface cabling wiring screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Figure 24: Port 1 output setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page iii Figure 25: Port 3 setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Figure 26: Port 1 setup (sentences) screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Figure 27: Port 1 setup (sentences) screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Figure 28: Auxiliary port setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Figure 29: PPNM output setup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Figure 30: Product information screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Figure 31: Receiver information screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Figure 32: GPS satellite status screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Figure 33: Database function screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Figure 34: Select database to save dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Figure 35: Select database to restore dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Figure 36: Select a restored database to undo dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Figure 37: Save log data dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Page iv 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Tables Table 1: Contacting Northstar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Table 2: Troubleshooting the installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Table 3: Troubleshooting the GPS/DGPS antenna installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Table 4: Troubleshooting radar interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Table 5: Interface cable wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Table 6: Port setup options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Table 7: NMEA 0183 sentence identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Table 8: Aux port setup parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Table 9: PPNM output setup parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Table 10: 961/962 technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Table 11: 961XD/962XD beacon receiver specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 12: AN150 GPS antenna specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 13: 8410 antenna coupling unit specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Table 14: AN205-P GPS/DGPS antenna specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page v Page vi 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION ONE - Introduction SECTION ONE - Introduction Welcome The Northstar 961/962 Installation Manual describes how to install the entire 961 or 962 system (control head, processor, and antenna). Also described are the system's physical, mechanical, and electrical characteristics, selecting the right location, and mounting and wiring. This manual also explains how to interface, troubleshoot, and maintain the entire system. For details on operating the 961/962, please see the Northstar 961/962 Operations and Reference Manual (part number GM1900). The 961/962X is differential-ready so you can interface it to an external differential receiver, whereas the 961/962XD already has a built-in differential receiver. Unless specifically indicated, all information in this manual refers to both the X (non-differential) and XD (differential) versions of the systemt. You can add echosounding capabilities to a 961 or 962 by interfacing it with the Northstar 490 Echo Sounder and a Northstar-recommended transducer recommended. For complete details about installing the 490, please see the Northstar 490 Echo Sounder Installation Manual (part number GM491). Who should read this manual The Northstar 961/962 Installation Manual is intended for marine technicians who are installing the 961/962 system. CAUTION! To obtain the best system performance, Northstar strongly recommends that you have an authorized Northstar dealer perform the installation. Proper installation is of utmost importance to accurately receive and effectively use GPS signals under a variety of weather conditions. Scope of this manual In this manual, you'll find information on the following procedures: · · · · · · choosing a mounting location mounting and wiring the 961/962 installing the antenna testing the system interfacing the 961/962 to other instruments troubleshooting the system 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 1 SECTION ONE - Introduction · · · · · · · configuring the NMEA output ports setting the auxiliary port setting pulses per nautical mile (PPNM) service functions maintaining the 961/962 installing software updates saving and restoring the database Technical specifications for the 961/962 and antennas are located in Appendix A at the back of this manual. The rest of this section explains how to obtain technical support and how to return a system for service. Getting technical support You can email the Service Department directly from Northstar's website, www.northstarcmc.com. From here you can also get technical information under either the Manuals link (to download manuals) or the Support link. After you've followed the instructions in this manual, if you need additional technical or operations support or have any other service-related questions, please contact your dealer or the Northstar Service Department by email, fax, U.S. mail, or phone, as described in the table below. For product information and brochures, contact the Northstar Sales Department. You can also visit Northstar's website for additional service-related information. Table 1: Contacting Northstar Email: Service: service@northstarcmc.com Sales: sales@northstarcmc.com Fax: Service: 978/897-1595 Sales: 978/897-7241 Telephone: Main number: 978/897-6600 or 800/628-4487 U.S. mail: 30 Sudbury Road Acton, MA 01720 Website: www.northstarcmc.com (you can send email to Northstar directly from this site) When contacting Northstar, please have the 961/962's serial number available. Be as complete and accurate as possible when describing the problem so that a Northstar service technician can research the issue and provide the quickest possible response. Northstar's Service Department is available between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday, excluding major holidays. Page 2 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION ONE - Introduction Using the Dealer Express web pages You can visit the Dealer Express area on Northstar's website for online service-related information (contact Northstar for your dealer password before clicking on the Dealer Express link), including the following: · · · · · · service bulletins (for known issues and solutions) software update information (for new software features) service request form (for sending systems back) 961/962 support request form (for 961/962 service) service status request form (for systems currently under repair) warranty registration form (for registering new products) Hearing from you Your feedback is important and helps Northstar ensure that this manual is a valuable resource for all marine technicians. Send your questions, comments, or suggestions about this manual to: docs@northstarcmc.com Ordering replacement parts To order spare parts or replacement/missing parts, call the Northstar Sales Department at 978/897-6600 or 800/628-4487. Servicing the system Warranty repair of the system is performed only by authorized Northstar dealers or at the Northstar factory. Service includes a complete hardware and software check-out. NOTE: For systems still under warranty, field repairs are not authorized and will void the warranty! For a 961/962 under warranty, shipping charges to the factory are the only cost for factory repair. The repaired 961/962 will be returned via prepaid economy ground freight (freight for units returned overseas is chargeable). A 961/962 and any accessories returned for warranty repair that are determined to be without fault are subject to a handling charge. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 3 SECTION ONE - Introduction Returning a 961/962 for service Before returning the 961/ 962 to the Northstar factory, it is critical that you first obtain a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number from the Northstar Service Department. If you purchased your 961/962 through a dealer, to get an RMA number, call the dealer with the serial number. You can find the serial number at the back of the processor and control heads(s), or on the PRODUCT INFORMATION screen in the left-hand boxes. Shipments without a proper RMA number will not be accepted! CAUTION! Before returning the system for repair, you should ensure that any waypoints and routes have been backed up (saved); see "Saving and restoring databases and system logs" beginning on page 63 for information on saving waypoints and routes. The 961/962 is covered by a two-year hardware-only warranty. In summary, the warranty states that if the 961/962 is returned to the factory by the owner or dealer during the warranty period, Northstar will repair or replace, free of charge, any part found to be defective due to faulty materials or workmanship if the system has been properly installed and hasn't been abused. (For further details, see the Limited Warranty Policy at the front of this manual.) The only cost to the owner will be the one-way shipping charges and any associated charges that may be imposed by the dealer. If you have overnight or second-day shipping requirements, before shipping the 961/962, please call Northstar for turnaround time, freight charges, and payment arrangements. The 961/962 should only be shipped in a properly designed carton with packing material. Please reference the RMA number on the outside of the shipping carton. Shipments to the Northstar factory should be made to the following address: Northstar Technologies Service Department 30 Sudbury Road Acton, MA 01720 USA Page 4 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation SECTION TWO - Installation This chapter includes all the information you need to properly install the 961/962, including: · · · · · reviewing the system components installing and powering on the 961/962 wiring the 961/962 installing the antenna troubleshooting the system Proper installation is of utmost importance to accurately receive and effectively use GPS signals under a wide variety of weather conditions. Safety considerations WARNING! WARNING! Before starting the installation, be sure to turn the power off at the mains switchboard. Further, it is highly recommended that you post a sign by this switch telling others to keep power off while you're performing the installation. If power is left on or turned on during the installation, fire, electrical shock, or other serious injury may occur. Be sure that the voltage of the power supply is compatible with the 961/962's voltage rating--10 to 40 VDC. Connecting to the wrong power supply can result in fire or damage to the equipment. Be sure to ground the equipment in order to prevent electrical shock or mutual interference. WARNING! CAUTION! Be sure to use the proper fuse. Using the incorrect fuse can result in fire or damage to the equipment. Make sure that the 961/962 does not interfere with any of the on-board systems. Check all other systems to ensure that their performance doesn't degrade when the unit is turned on. CAUTION! CAUTION! The 961/962 processor can only be mounted horizontally due to its rubber vibration mounts. If you must cut the processor's 10-foot power cord shorter, be sure to keep the external fuse intact. If the power cable must be longer than 10 feet, use a heavier gauge wire for those applications and be sure to use an external fuse. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 5 SECTION TWO - Installation System overview The system is shipped ready to install and operate. It is recommended that you follow the steps below: 1. Check the shipping carton for any damage, and immediately report any damage to the carrier. Save all packing material in case you have to return the system to the factory for repair or evaluation. For return procedures, see "Returning a 961/962 for service" beginning on page 4. 2. Unpack the cartons. Compare the Northstar 961/962 Packing List (part number GM1703, included in the carton) with the contents in those cartons and with what you ordered. 3. Make sure you have the tools necessary to complete the installation. 4. Review the components of a proper installation. For suggestions and further information, see "Installation considerations" beginning on page 7. 5. Choose the best location to mount the control head(s) and processor. For suggestions and further information, see "Choosing a system location" beginning on page 8. 6. Choose the best location to mount the antenna. For suggestions and further information, see "Installing the antenna" beginning on page 15. 7. Review the section on wiring the 961/962. For details, see "Wiring the 961/962" beginning on page 13. 8. Install the control head(s), processor, and antenna. You may want to temporarily install the antenna, then try operating the 961/962 to ensure the antenna location works well before permanently installing the antenna. 9. Turn on the system. For details, see "Turning the system on and off" beginning on page 28. 10.To ensure that the system is installed correctly and running properly, perform a functional test. For details, see "Testing and troubleshooting the 961/962" beginning on page 34. 11.If desired, interface the NMEA output ports. For details, see "Configuring the NMEA output ports" beginning on page 44. If desired, interface the auxiliary port, see "Configuring the auxiliary port" starting on page 52. Page 6 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Installation considerations CAUTION! The following basic installation considerations aren't a substitute for all the details in SECTION TWO. To ensure that you meet all critical installation parameters, be sure to read and follow everything in this section. Ensuring a proper installation To ensure a proper installation, it is highly recommended that you perform all of the following activities before starting the installation: · · · review/survey the vessel's layout and existing equipment review all the installation materials review all the installation requirements, including: - the physical requirements (spacing, location with regard to other equipment, etc.) - the electrical and electronic requirements (interference between other pieces of equipment, power requirements, etc.) Although the system itself is very straightforward and easy to understand, there are several basic requirements you must meet before safe and proper operation can be assured. This section addresses several topics regarding the minimum installation requirements for the system to: · · · be mounted correctly accurately receive GPS and DGPS signals navigate safely Avoiding shortcuts The majority of installation problems are caused by shortcuts taken with system cables. When installing your 961/962, be sure to: · · · · · · assemble the connectors carefully use the right crimping tool for the connector don't make sharp bends in the cables leave service and drip loops tie-wrap all cables to keep them secure if cables are lengthened, seal all wiring splices Using the GPS antenna (AN150) The "active" AN150 GPS antenna is best mounted in the clear, and low on the vessel to avoid extra motion from pitching and rolling. The AN150 should be mounted lower than directional high-power transmitting antennas, such as radar or satcom. The length of the coaxial cable (supplied) to the antenna must be a minimum of 20 feet, but not more than 100 feet. Coil up any unused 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 7 SECTION TWO - Installation length of cable, and do not cut it to less than 20 feet! Be sure that all cable connectors are securely fastened, and that the cable itself isn't subject to any tight bends. For complete details about installing the AN150, see "Installing the antenna" beginning on page 15. Using DGPS with an AN150 and 8410 ACU If the 961/962 is equipped with a differential receiver, and you're using the AN150 GPS antenna, not the AN205-P GPS/DGPS combo antenna, this receiver must be connected to a Northstar 8410 differential Antenna Coupling Unit (ACU). The ACU's four-foot whip antenna should be mounted as high as conveniently possible (but not at the highest point), and as far away as possible from other antennas. The ACU can be mounted on a standard marine antenna mount (1" diameter, 14 threads per inch). For complete details about installing the AN150/8410 ACU, see "Installing an 8410 ACU (for use with the AN150 only)" beginning on page 24. Using the DGPS antenna (AN205-P) Pre-installation testing For complete details about installing the AN205-P, see "Installing the antenna" beginning on page 15. Northstar recommends that you perform a pre-installation test of the entire system before installing it on the vessel. This ensures that the equipment is fully operational, and allows the GPS receiver to collect its almanac and ephemeris data for the installed location, which results in less on-board installation time. Choosing a system location The 961/962 consists of two major components: a processor and a control head. The 961/962 supports two fully functional control heads (the second head is optional). CAUTION! Be sure to keep the following safe compass distance from the 961/962: 1.0 m standard, 0.8 m steering. Mounting the control head You can either yoke- or flush-mount the control head. Use the yoke-mount kit as a framework for holding the control head, or flush mount the head directly onto a flat surface of your choice. Using the Page 8 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Northstar-supplied yoke mounting kit usually allows for a quicker and less expensive installation than a flush-mount installation. Regardless of the type of mount, here are a few helpful hints about where to mount the control head. Choose the mounting location carefully--before any drilling or cutting takes place. Choose a location that: · · · · · · is convenient, accessible, and within comfortable reach gives you easy access to the function keys is where you can clearly see the display screen from your normal vantage point when navigating for best display contrast, is viewed from below, looking up at the display screen provides a reasonably direct path for running the required electrical cables has minimal glare from windows or other bright objects (you'll want to make the screen as visible as possible, even though the control head has a high-contrast, anti-reflective LCD screen that's specially coated and readable in direct sunlight) is well-ventilated, if you're flush-mounting the head, since poor ventilation may cause overheating and result in potential backlighting problems · Yoke mounting For yoke mounts, leave ample room--usually two inches--all around the sides and top of the head to avoid crowding. Also, allow a clearance of at least 2½ inches in the rear for the cables and connectors. For the recommended yoke-mount installation dimensions (in inches), see "Figure 1: 961/962 control head yoke-mount dimensions (side)" below, and "Figure 2: 961/962 control head yoke-mount dimensions (front)" below. Before drilling holes, rotate the head to the desired angle to ensure proper clearance for cables and operations. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 9 SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 1: 961/962 control head yoke-mount dimensions (side) Page 10 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 2: 961/962 control head yoke-mount dimensions (front) 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 11 SECTION TWO - Installation Flush mounting When flush-mounting the control head, allow at least 2½ inches of clearance at the rear for the cables and connectors. For the recommended flush-mount drilling dimensions, see Figure 3 below. For the full-size version of these flush-mount installation measurements/instructions, see the Northstar 961/962 Control Head Flush-Mounting Template, Front View (part number GT1800), included in the 961/962 shipping carton. CAUTION! When flush-mounting, be sure to mount the head on a flat surface. Mounting on a curved surface can distort or break the plastic and cause a breech in the waterproof seal--invalidating the warranty. Be sure to provide adequate ventilation, especially if the system is installed in a poorly ventilated or closed area. Poor ventilation will cause the head to overheat, which in turn may cause the display screen to darken. Figure 3: 961/962 control head flush-mounting template Page 12 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Installing the processor For the processor installation measurements and instructions, refer to the full-size flush-mount templates, Northstar 961/962 Processor Mounting Template, Top View (part number GT1900) and the Northstar 961/962 Processor Mounting Template, Front View (part number GT1901). Both are included in the 961/962 shipping carton. You must first install the mounting bracket to the surface of the vessel, then attach the processor to the bracket. Processor installation tips include: · · · Check the dimensions of the processor mounting bracket. These dimensions are provided on the enclosed template. Follow the recommended clearance around the sides and front of the processor. Install the processor in a spacious, well-ventilated area to minimize heat-related problems. CAUTION! Mount the processor on a hard, solid, vibration-free surface of at least 3/4-inch thickness. If the surface is carpeted, make sure the carpet doesn't block the bottom ventilation holes or interfere with the mounting plate's vibration/shock mounts. Wiring the 961/962 The majority of installation problems are caused by shortcuts taken with system cables. When installing the 961/962, be sure that you: · · · · · assemble connectors carefully using the correct tools don't make sharp bends leave service and drip loops tie-wrap all cables to keep them secure if cables are lengthened, seal all wiring splices The 961/962 operates on DC power, from a 10-volt minimum to a 40-volt maximum, connected by at least 16-gauge wire. The standard 10-foot power cable supplied with your 961/962 should be long enough for most installations. If you must lengthen it, you can extend it to a maximum of 25 feet without adversely affecting the system's operation. For lengths up to 15 feet, the power connections to the battery must use 16-gauge wire or heavier. For lengths of 15 feet or more, use 14-gauge wire or heavier. Regardless of the cable length, you should use a 20-amp external fuse as an added safety precaution. The standard 10-foot cable has an external fuse that protects the vessel's wiring and prevents electrical fires. The power wiring should be connected directly to the battery, whenever possible, for optimum immunity from noise. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 13 SECTION TWO - Installation CAUTION! Ensure that fuse or circuit-breaker protection is provided at the power source. If you must shorten the 10-foot power cable, be sure to keep the external fuse intact. If the power cable must be longer than 10 feet, use a heavier gauge wire for those applications, and be sure to use an external fuse. Electrical power requirements The 961/962 is a negative-ground system. After the processor has been installed--but before turning the system on--verify that the power cable wires are connected as follows: · · Red -- positive (+) 10 to 40 Volts DC (VDC) Black -- negative (­) Wiring the system The back of the processor, with all the proper wiring and connections, is illustrated in "Figure 4: Processor connectors (back of 961/962)" below. Figure 4: Processor connectors (back of 961/962) Page 14 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation The processor connectors are as follows: · · · · · · · · · power connector (3-wire) TNC connector (control head #1) TNC connector (control head #2) interface connector P1 (18-wire) interface connector P2 (18-wire) GPS antenna connector (BNC) DGPS beacon antenna connector (UHF) PC connectors (variable) VGA video out (15-wire) Installing the antenna Choosing an antenna There are three antenna choices for the 961/962X and 961/962XD: · · for reception of GPS-only signals (the standard one-piece "active" AN150 antenna) for reception of both GPS and DGPS signals (a two-piece antenna system comprising the standard AN150 GPS antenna and the 8410 DGPS coupler) for reception of both GPS and DGPS signals (optional one-piece AN205-P "combination" antenna) · Choosing an antenna location Choosing the AN150 antenna location The GPS receiving antenna is a vital link between the 961/962's receiver and the outside world. Aesthetics and easy access should be secondary to providing strong and reliable GPS signals to the 961/962. You should select a location for the antenna that meets the following requirements: · The antenna should have a reasonably clear view of the horizon, but be no higher than necessary, since side-to-side motion of the antenna caused by rolling of the vessel may degrade SOG and COG readings. The antenna should be 12 to 18 inches above the surrounding surfaces to avoid interference. The antenna must be out of the radiation path of any on-board radar sets or strong magnetic fields. The antenna must be lower than any INMARSAT communications antenna. The antenna should be as far as possible from other high-power transmitting antennas. Watch out for electromagnetic "shading" of antennas from rigging, other vessels, shoreline buildings, and so on. Secure the cable well. · · · · To avoid mutual interference among different antennas on the vessel, see the illustration of recommended separation distances in "Figure 5: Separation distances between antennas" below. This figure shows the 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 15 SECTION TWO - Installation minimum recommended distances for the separation of the GPS antenna from other antennas and physical mounting surfaces. Under normal circumstances, following these guidelines usually result in a relatively trouble-free installation. You may want to adjust these distances, however, depending on the particular equipment and its configuration. Because each installation is unique--according to the wishes of the customer--this information should only be used as a guideline. It isn't absolute in determining the best locations for every possible equipment configuration. Figure 5: Separation distances between antennas NOTE: Be especially careful about the distance between the AN205-P combination antenna and any sources of magnetic interference (for example, the INMARSAT antenna). Page 16 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Choosing the AN205-P combination antenna location A "combo" GPS/DGPS antenna is available for applications involving serious grounding problems (which create noise issues with the beacon receiver), where optimum portability is required or when only a single antenna is desired. The AN205-P doesn't require any ground, and is portable--an advantage when it must be moved from one vessel to another. The combo antenna should be located where it has a clear view of the horizon, but isn't the highest point on the vessel. Keep the antenna at least six feet away from objects that can "shade" GPS or differential signals. If poor GPS Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) readings are obtained after the system has been running for several minutes, check that you have the proper length of cable, and verify the quality of the antenna location and the quality and proper termination of the connectors. SNR readings should be as high as possible. Values of 15 and higher are preferable; anything below 10 could indicate poor reception. About the antenna cabling Supplied with your 961/962 is a 50 foot-length of RG-59 coaxial cable to use with either the AN150 or the AN205-P. The length of coax cable to the AN150 antenna must be no less than 50 feet and no more than 100 feet; to the AN205-P, no less than 20 feet and no more than 50 feet. When installing antenna cable, don't bend it tightly in any places, and fasten the cable along its length to avoid chafing or whipping of any kind. Coil up any unused length of cable. Secure the cable well (the center conductor is solid wire), and securely fasten all cable connectors. Be sure to use the proper crimping tool for the antenna connector. Poor crimps will result in the loss of GPS signals. Whereas a differential or loran antenna should be mounted high on the vessel for best performance, the GPS antenna should be mounted as low as possible and out in the open to avoid "shading" (placement of the antenna where another object partially obscures the antenna from the signals it must receive). If mounting on top of a tower or mast, understand that the 961/962 will be affected by the pitch and roll of the vessel. Often, the bow or stern will provide a location where shading is minimized while serving to keep the antenna low. Be sure that any directional L-band transmitting antennas (such as radar or satellite communication antennas) can never point at the GPS antenna--its internal preamplifier is quickly destroyed by such radiation. Installing the AN150 antenna 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 17 SECTION TWO - Installation 3.00 .91 1.82 Figure 6: GPS-only antenna (AN150) Wiring the AN150 antenna Supplied with the antenna is a 50-foot length of RG-59 coaxial cable for use with either the GPS-only AN150 antenna or the GPS/DGPS AN205-P antenna. CAUTION! The GPS-only antenna must be used with a minimum of 20 feet of cable and a maximum of 100 feet. Coil up any unused length; do not cut it to less than 20 feet! Mounting the AN150 antenna Tools needed: · · · flat-bladed screwdriver knife blade Amphenol crimp tools One TNC connector is pre-attached to the antenna end of the RG-59 coaxial cable. To connect it to the antenna: 1. Remove the antenna base by loosening the four captive screws in the base. 2. Screw the base onto the top of the antenna mount (standard 1"- 14 marine thread). 3. Feed the open end of the supplied coax cable down through the antenna base and through the hollow core of the antenna mount. Page 18 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation 4. Affix the TNC connector-end of the coax to the mating connector inside the upper half of the GPS antenna. Be sure to tighten it securely as vibration can loosen the connection over time. In addition, protect the coax-to-antenna connection with liquid electrical tape or self-vulcanizing electrical tape. 5. Align the upper half of the antenna with the bottom half and tighten the four screws. Be careful not to overtighten the screws, as this may deform the watertight seal between the two antenna halves. 6. Make a termination for a male BNC connection--as described in the following steps--then connect the antenna to the female BNC connection at the back of the unit: 1. Strip the cable jacket to the dimensions (shown in inches) in "Figure 7: Stripping the coax cable jacket" below. Don't nick the center conductor. 0.57 0.43 0.34 0.14 Figure 7: Stripping the coax cable jacket 2. See "Figure 8: Flared cable braid" below: Slide the outer ferrule on as shown. Slightly flare the end of the cable braid, as shown, to facilitate insertion into inner ferrule. Figure 8: Flared cable braid 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 19 SECTION TWO - Installation 3. Place the center contact onto the center conductor so that it butts against the cable dielectric. Crimp the contact in place using Amphenol tool handle #227-944 and Cavity B of Die Set 227-980-3. 4. Install the cable assembly into the body assembly so that the inner ferrule slides over the dielectric and under the braid. Push the cable assembly forward until contact seats in insulator. Slide the outer ferrule over the braid and up against the connector body. Crimp the outer ferrule using Cavity A of tools specified above. The connector ferrule-to-cable junction can be sealed and protected using adhesive-lined heat shrink. Figure 9: Completed BNC connector Installing the AN205-P antenna The combo antenna provides for an easier, more compact, and more attractive installation. In many cases, its loop antenna design also improves the noise rejection of signals that interfere with differential reception. Be sure to use the locking nut, shown in the figure below, to prevent rotation of the antenna or bottoming of the mounting stanchion into the threaded part of the antenna. If done with enough force, either of these actions may break the antenna. Page 20 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation 7.00 2.5 Locking nut TNC 3.5 Figure 10: Combo GPS/DGPS antenna (AN205-P) CAUTION! The combo antenna must be used with a minimum of 20 feet of cable and no more than 100 feet. Coil up any unused length; do not cut it to less than 20 feet! Wiring the AN205-P antenna When using the AN205-P combo antenna, a cable "splitter" is required to separate the signal path of the single cable from the antenna into two cables for connection to the 961/962. For the proper installation of the splitter, refer to "Figure 11: Correct AN205-P (combo antenna) splitter wiring" below. The splitter should be located for convenience near the 961/962, but can be situated virtually anywhere along the length of the maximum 100 feet of RG-59 GPS cable without appreciable signal loss. Note that the splitter isn't weatherproof and should be placed in an area that's protected from direct water splash or spray. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 21 SECTION TWO - Installation AS105/AS110 Figure 11: Correct AN205-P (combo antenna) splitter wiring After you've mounted the antenna and cut the cable to length--not less than 20 feet--install the supplied TNC connector at the 961/962 end. See Figure 12, Figure 13, and Figure 14 below. A satisfactory crimp for this connector can be made with a common high-quality crimping tool designed for use with TNC connectors. NOTE: Be sure that you properly install the TNC connector: Most system failures--whether continuous or intermittent--can be traced to poor connector installation. Mounting the AN205-P antenna Tools needed: · · · flat-bladed screwdriver knife blade Amphenol crimp tools 1. Strip the cable jacket to the dimensions (shown in inches) in "Figure 12: Stripping the coax cable jacket" below. Don't nick the center conductor. Page 22 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation 0.57 0.43 0.34 0.14 Figure 12: Stripping the coax cable jacket 2. "Figure 13: Flared cable braid" below: Slide the outer ferrule on as shown. Slightly flare the end of the cable braid, as shown, to facilitate insertion into inner ferrule. Figure 13: Flared cable braid 3. Place the center contact onto the center conductor so that it butts against the cable dielectric. Crimp the contact in place using Amphenol tool handle #227-944 and Cavity B of Die Set 227-980-3. 4. "Figure 14: Completed TNC connector" below: Install the cable assembly into the body assembly so the inner ferrule slides over the dielectric and under the braid. Push the cable assembly forward until contact seats in insulator. Slide the outer ferrule over the braid and up against the connector body. Crimp the outer ferrule using Cavity A of tools specified above. The connector ferrule-to-cable junction can be sealed and protected using adhesive-lined heat shrink. Figure 14: Completed TNC connector 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 23 SECTION TWO - Installation Installing an 8410 ACU (for use with the AN150 only) If you want the 961/962 to receive differential corrections, but you're using the AN150 antenna, you must use the Northstar 8410 Antenna Coupling Unit (ACU). Although similar in appearance to Northstar loran ACUs, only the unit labeled "8410" will work with the internal DGPS receiver. The ACU also serves as a sturdy mounting base for the whip antenna. Mounting the 8410 The Northstar 8410 differential receiver antenna should be mounted as high as conveniently possible (but not at the highest point), and as far away as possible from other antennas. If you have several possible antenna locations, you can evaluate each one by operating the system with the DGPS antenna mounted temporarily in each location. The best location is one providing the lowest "noise" count and the highest Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). "Noise" refers to atmospheric impulse noise generated by thunderstorms and other conditions, including vessel-generated noise and any on-board interference. You can view noise and SNR values after turning the 961/962's power on; see "Turning the system on" beginning on page 28. Another major concern, precipitation static (P-static), must be addressed when installing the differential antenna. The 8410 receives weak AM signals and can be sensitive to nearby noise sources and P-static. P-static generally appears only during rain or snow; consequently, it can easily be overlooked during installation. Much like a loran antenna, the effects of P-static can be minimized if the differential antenna is mounted so that it isn't the highest metallic object on the vessel. The highest metal object acts much like a lightning rod, attracting tiny static discharges in the atmosphere. If the differential receiver antenna is the highest object, these discharges can totally override the differential signals and cause poor operation in bad weather. The optimum antenna location is high and clear for fair-weather operation, but below the top of a metal mast or other antenna for best foul-weather operation. On sailing vessels, the ACU might be mounted on top of a low mast, or on the stern rail if no other suitable location is available. The 8410 differential receiver ACU can be mounted on a standard marine antenna mount (1" - 14 threads per inch). The ACU consists of two pieces, the body and the base. The circuitry is sealed in a rugged, waterproof, fiberglass polycarbonate body, the upper end of which is threaded to accept a standard 4-foot whip antenna. Use a 48-inch fiberglass whip, such as Shakespeare 4-foot #173 loaded or Radio Shack #21-934. A large female thread is molded into the lower portion, or base, of the ACU body, into which the upper half is secured (see Figure 15, "ACU Assembly," below). A gasket and rubber O-ring on the upper half provide weathertight sealing when the two halves are secured. Page 24 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation The bottom of the base is threaded (1"­ 14) to mount onto an antenna mast or standard deck mount. Figure 15: ACU assembly CAUTION! Maintaining the ACU's weathertight seal between its upper and lower halves requires only hand-tightening the two together. Using a wrench or other tool may distort the gasket or housing/ rubber O-ring inside or break the coupler base. The ACU connects to the 961X/962X with RG-58U coaxial cable, which carries signals to the differential receiver and DC power to the ACU amplifier. See Figure 16 below for the correct AN150/8410 wiring. A 25-foot length of this cable is supplied with the unit; this cable can be extended up to a length of 300 feet. The cable passes up through the hollow ACU base and connects to the PL-259 (UHF) connector at the bottom of the ACU. For UHF connector preparation, see"DGPS antenna cable connectors" beginning on page 27. NOTE: The connection to the UHF connector must be made before the ACU is screwed into its base. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 25 SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 16: Correct AN150 and 8410 wiring RF grounding The grounding system is an equal partner with the antenna in producing quality differential signals for the 961/962 differential receiver. Lack of proper grounding can adversely affect differential signal strength as well as SNR readings, and is the most common source of differential antenna installation problems. The same grounding techniques that have worked well for loran systems will work equally well for differential antenna systems. Essentially, the ground system provides a secure connection to a large electrical mass; ideally, the earth itself. On a vessel, this means establishing electrical contact with "seawater" ground. On a steel vessel, a good connection to the hull or steel pilothouse is sufficient. Wood or fiberglass vessels require a metal ground plate or a thru-hull fitting. If the metal ground plate is impractical, the engine block or the negative (­) battery terminal can sometimes be used, but only as a last choice due to stray electrical noise that these locations may present. The 8410 ACU has a separate black ground wire inside the coupler base that should be connected to an electrically quiet ground location. This wire is the AC signal ground connection from the antenna input circuit. The purpose of bringing it out is to make available a separate signal ground path. For grounding, use #16 AWG minimum, and if possible, use a grounding "strap" that is designed for this purpose. Page 26 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Other electrical equipment onboard can cause large amounts of electrical noise, even at points that appear well-grounded. Try several ground points, such as ground plate, vessel ground, engine block, and so on, to determine which works best under different conditions. WARNING! Whenever any antenna is disconnected from on-board equipment, be sure to ground the antenna shield in order to discharge extremely large static voltages that can quickly build up on an ungrounded antenna system. These voltages are hazardous to personnel and equipment! DGPS antenna cable connectors Both ends of the differential receiver antenna cable end in UHF connectors. For best results, coat these connectors with silicone dielectric grease (DC 4 or equivalent) to protect the connector junction against the intrusion of water and the surface corrosion of the contacts. In addition, the connector area, including the shield-to-connector junction and the jacket-to-crimp ferrule area, can be protected with liquid electrical tape (Starbright Liquid Tape, available in color coordinating black or white), or self-vulcanizing electrical tape (Tommy Tape). To prepare the UHF connectors, follow the assembly instructions in Figure 17 below. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 27 SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 17: PL-259 (UHF) connector Turning the system on and off Turning the system on To turn on the system, briefly press the key. After several minutes, the INITIAL STARTUP screen appears (as shown in Figure 18 below) for about five to ten seconds. The system will then perform a series of self-tests in which it checks critical components and functions for any errors, as shown in Figure 18 below. Page 28 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 18: Initial 961 and 962 startup screens Figure 19: System test screen After the SYSTEM TEST screen, the 961/962 automatically displays the OWNER'S MESSAGE screen--as shown in Figure 20 below--for about 10 seconds. For information on creating a personal owner's message (such as the owner's name and name of the vessel), see "System security" in the Northstar 961/962 Operations and Reference Manual (part number GM1900). 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 29 SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 20: Owner's message screen NOTE: A brief warm-up period may be required for the display screen to achieve its full intensity, if power has been off and the display screen is "cold." Advisory message After the OWNER'S MESSAGE screen, the special advisory message is displayed as a precautionary reminder that chart cartography must not be relied upon as the sole means of safe navigation. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the data used by the 961/962 is as close to paper charts as possible, errors and omissions are inevitable. Therefore, extreme care must be used when navigating by means of electronic charts. The captain is responsible for cross-checking the 961/962 against other sources of navigation data. To proceed, accept the advisory message by pressing any key. Page 30 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Figure 21: Advisory message If chart CDs for your geographical area have been installed onto the 961/ 962's hard drive, and after the system acquires GPS signals, you'll see your vessel symbol centered on the CHART screen at your present position. Until the system acquires GPS signals, the small position-fix circle will be located at the last known position. If there aren't any charts installed on the hard drive for your geographic location, the system displays a plotter grid instead of a chart. For new units only When you first turn your 961/962 on, you'll see your present vessel position at the center of the chart, represented as a small circle. A system that has recently been used either at or near that same position will usually be ready to navigate within several minutes. If the system doesn't acquire GPS signals soon, however, your last position fix (from the time the system last ran) will be represented by a small position-fix circle, and you'll see an alarm message in the upper portion of the CHART screen and hear the GPS alarm beep. This sequence often occurs when a 961/962 is used for the first time in a new location hundreds of miles from where it was last used, and means you're being notified that the 961/962 is searching for the necessary satellites. This process should take two to five minutes, after which the 961/962 is ready to navigate. GPS signals The 961/962 uses a high-performance GPS receiver as its primary source of position data. Calculated directly from the received satellite data are your present position in lat/lon coordinates, time of day and date, speed-over-ground (SOG) and course-over-ground (COG), and an estimate of the 961/962's accuracy. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 31 SECTION TWO - Installation Once the unit has been turned on and has acquired satellite data, you can check the quality of the GPS signals by viewing the various satellites' SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) readings. GPS receiver status summary To display information about the GPS satellites, press the key to display the SERVICE MENU screen, then press the key. The 961/962 displays the GPS SATELLITE STATUS screen, showing the status of the GPS receiver. For 961XD and 962XD systems, this screen also displays the status of the DGPS receiver. Figure 22: GPS satellite status screen The GPS SATELLITE STATUS screen shows the received Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for up to 12 satellites, and a map indicating where the satellites are now located in the sky. Satellites are identified by their pseudorange noise number (PRN), two digits that are assigned by the U.S. government. The center of the satellite map represents the center of the sky, and the outer ring is the horizon. The view is looking down from above, with East to your right and West to your left. Also displayed on this screen is the following GPS data: · · accuracy horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) Accuracy is the expected estimated accuracy of the GPS system at the current time. Your position readings should be more accurate than this estimate 95 percent of the time. HDOP is a technical measure of the fix-taking quality of the satellite pattern in the sky. HDOP depends on the number of operational satellites in view and their current location. HDOP is calculated from the satellites' Page 32 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation current positions, not on actual received signals, and doesn't consider atmospheric conditions or signal interference, which both affect accuracy. HDOP can range from an ideal value of slightly less than one, up to a poor value of 10 or more. Any value less than two indicates excellent performance. Lat/lon coordinates On the CHART screen INFO BARS, the 961/962 displays lat/lon as degrees, minutes, and thousandths of minutes. To display this data, press the key several times. After press the first key, a second key is displayed, which lets you display additional data on a second INFO BAR. SOG and COG You can display SOG and COG in the INFO BAR on the CHART screen, and on the 3-D STEER screen or numeric STEER screen. To display SOG and COG on either the STEER or 3-D STEER screens, press the key once or twice. SOG and COG readings result from ongoing measurements derived from the satellite signals. SOG speed is updated every second. You can set the 961/962 to display its SOG and COG readings more smoothly by setting the GPS speed averaging value at up to 10 seconds. Increasing this averaging time, however, may reduce overall reaction time. For more details about setting GPS speed averaging value, see Chapter 14 in the Northstar 961/962 Operations and Reference Manual (part number GM1900). Loran-C TDs The 961/962 also calculates Loran-C TDs from the GPS coordinates, and displays them on the CHART-screen INFO BARs. For more details, see "Viewing loran TDs" in Chapter 5 of the Northstar 961/962 Operations and Reference Manual (part number GM1900). About auto-dimming mode If you don't touch any key on the control head for one hour or more, its LCD screen automatically dims to about half its maximum brightness (based on its current brightness), if required by the system. Pressing any key at any time automatically restores the display's previous brightness level. The auto-dimming function helps maintain the integrity of the display screen and reduce power consumption when the 961/962 is on for many hours. It is still recommended, however, that you keep the lighting level lower when you don't actually need it. 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 33 SECTION TWO - Installation Turning the system off The procedure for turning off a system with two control heads is slightly different than turning off a system with one head. To turn the system off: · · For systems with one processor and one control head, press and hold the key for three seconds and the 961/962 will turn off. For systems with one processor and two control heads that are on, press and hold the key for approximately two seconds until the POWER-OFF dialog box appears: To turn off only one head (where you pressed the key), press the key; otherwise, to turn off both heads, press the key. Testing and troubleshooting the 961/962 To test the system after installation, first apply power to the control head: Pressing the control head's key automatically turns the entire system on, including the processor. Next, check for the presence of GPS and DGPS signals: For GPS signals, the time-to-first-fix (TTFF) is about two to five minutes. For DPGS signals, it may take at least 20 minutes for the first channel of the 961/962's internal beacon receiver to lock onto a transmitter; keep checking for the presence of the word DGPS in the upper-left corner of the CHART screen. Troubleshooting common installation problems Typical problems you may encounter during or after the installation are outlined in Tables 2, 3, and 4. If you've followed the troubleshooting steps below and are still experiencing difficulties, call the Northstar Service Department at 978-897-6600 and ask to speak with a service technician. Page 34 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Table 2: Troubleshooting the installation Symptom Power Pressing the the 961/962. button doesn't power-up Possible solutions/reasons · · · · Check the fuse and the power to the control head. Check the fuse and the power to the processor. Check the coax cable between the head and the processor. Set the switch on the processor to the TEST position; if the processor doesn't power-up, then power to the processor is faulty, or the entire 961/962 may be defective. Verify that the processor's power indicator at the back of the unit is lit. Check the fuse and the power to the processor. Check the coax cable between the head and the processor and make sure it's properly terminated and connected. If a spare known-good cable is available, temporarily substitute it to see if the problem goes away. The head powers-up, but not the processor (the processor's power indicator at the back is not lit). The head powers up, beeps when you press its keys, and the backlight can be operated up and down, but there isn't any video. · · · Display There is continuous or intermittent system failure as evidenced by the display screen flashing a "plaid" or multi-colored "waffle weave" pattern. · · · · Verify that the processor's power indicator at the back of the unit is lit. Check the fuse and the power to the processor. Check the coax cable between the head and the processor and make sure it's properly terminated and connected. If a spare known-good cable is available, temporarily substitute it to see if the problem goes away. Be sure that the cable length is more than 20 feet but less than 50 feet. If a test setup with a VGA monitor and keyboard is available, call the Northstar Service Department for guidance concerning in-depth troubleshooting of the system to determine if the problem is the display or the processor. This may be radar interference; for additional guidance, see Table 4, "Troubleshooting radar interference," on page 41. There is continuous or intermittent system failure as evidenced by a pulsing white flash in a continuous repeating pattern on the display screen. · 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A Page 35 SECTION TWO - Installation Table 2: Troubleshooting the installation (continued) Symptom The display screen dims slightly or more after the 961/962 has been on for a certain time. Possible solutions/reasons · The 961/962 may be implementing its auto-dimming mode, which occurs when no keys have been pressed for an hour or more (pressing any key restores the previous brightness level). When this occurs, the display screen dims to about half its maximum brightness (based on its current brightness). Auto-dimming helps maintain the integrity of the display and reduce power consumption when the system is on for many hours at a time. The 961/962 may be running too hot based on its current environment. In this case, the display screen dims only about or notch or so, which is normal. There are two covered external fans at the back of the control head. When one or both of these fans needs servicing, the 961/962's backlighting dims substantially to reduce the unit's overall temperature. These fans are dealer-serviceable; call your Northstar dealer. If the display screen dims and also displays the error message UNIT TOO HOT, · BACKLIGHTING DIMMED. · Processor (system lockups) The system locks up under certain conditions, such as when configuring screens, routes, or waypoints. This may be followed by a colored screen indicating that you should call the Northstar Service Department to report an EIP (software) error. The system locks up while underway under certain conditions, typically at cruising speed. · · · Copy the log files onto a floppy disk as instructed, and send them to Northstar (see "Saving and restoring databases and system logs" starting on page 63). To clear the error, power the system down and back up. Install the latest software upgrade. To order, call the Northstar Service Department. Be sure to use the mounting bracket with the ME500-series vibration mount. Vibration induced into the hull and surrounding structure from the engine and the running gear. The action of the waves against the hull while the vessel is underway at a medium-to-high rate of speed. Cavitation of the water pumps in jet-boat propulsion systems. Incorrect installation practices, including improperly fitted lower attachment clips for the internal hard drive assembly. If this is the case, to remedy the problem, ensure that the tabs are engaged and tightly secured in their respective slots on the power-supply frame so that the bottom of the drive mounting bracket is properly restrained. If the system is mounted at or below the waterline or close to the outside of the hull, relocate it. Ensure that the processor's internal cooling fans are operating and that the processor isn't overheating. If you can't comfortably place your hand on the top of the processor when it's operating, then most likely it's overheating and the reason needs to be determined and corrected. Make sure that the compartment where the processor is mounted has adequate ventilation to prevent heat build up. · · · · · · The system locks up on a random basis with no apparent pattern. · Page 36 961/962 INSTALLATION MANUAL Revision A SECTION TWO - Installation Table 2: Troubleshooting the installation (continued) Symptom Processor (Configuration) No GPS or DGPS Possible solutions/reasons · · · Possible incorrect installation of the AS110/AS105 splitter cables; they may be reversed at the splitter for the GPS and DGPS output ports going to the 961XD/962XD processor. For verification and troubleshooting of the antenna system, see Table 3, "Troubleshooting the GPS/DGPS antenna installation," on page 39. The processor's BIOS may be improperly configured. This normally won't occur unless the BIOS memory battery has failed or the BIOS settings were intentionally changed. Call the Northstar Service Department for information on troubleshooting and correcting this problem. DGPS There's no DGPS indicator on the CHART screen, and: The BEACON RX SELF-TEST AND SOFTWARE message displays FAIL key to access the (press the SERVICE MENU screen, then press the key). · · · · · Wait 30 minutes after start-up (only if a new unit). Check for an open or shorted beacon-antenna cable connector. Check for proper ground. The Northstar 8410 ACU or the 961/962 processor may be defective; call the Northstar Service Department. Wait 30 minutes after start-up (only if a new system) so the receiver can find a differential transmitter within range (check local knowledge of transmitters). Check for high noise level, possibly due to a storm front, or for local interference at the marina or on the vessel. For details about noise-level meanings, see the Northstar 961/ 962 Operations and Reference Manual (GM1900). Turn off power to each and all of the vessel's other instruments, one at a time, to isolate the source of the interference. Try manually selecting and setting a DGPS beacon station to see if the signal can be received. Consult the Coast Guard's Local Notice to Mariners to determine if there may be a scheduled maintenance outage for the station you're trying to use. For additional guidance, call the Northstar Service Department. No DGPS corrections have been received, and the system has returned to non-differential operation. You may be out of range of a transmitter, or if you're experiencing bad weather, noise may be interfering. In either case, you must wait. Wait for the satellite configuration to automatically update, which should only take a few minutes. Wait--the transmitter is switching to another beacon. You can try manually switching to another transmitter. The BEACON RX SELF-TEST AND SOFTWARE message displays PASS, and the DGPS STATUS message displays SEARCHING. · · · · · The BEACON RX SELF-TEST AND SOFTWARE displays PASS, and the DGPS STATUS message displays OLD CORRECTIONS. The BEACON RX SELF-TEST AND SOFTWARE displays PASS, and the DGPS STATUS message displays POOR DOPS. BCN UNHEALTHY is displayed. · ·