User manual POWERQUEST PARTITIONMAGIC 8.0

PartitionMagic 8.0 ® PowerQuest ® Includes PowerQuest® BootMagic® and PowerQuest® DataKeeperTM User Guide PowerQuest® PartitionMagic® 8.0 User Guide Published September 2002 © 1994-2002 PowerQuest Corporation All rights reserved. This product and/or its use may be covered by one or more of the following patents: 5,675,769; 5,706,472; 5,930,831; 6,088,778; 6,108,697; 6,108,759; 6,173,291; 6,178,487; 6,178,503; 6,185,575; 6,185,666; 6,253,300; 6,330,653; and 6,377,958. Additional patents may be pending. Please refer to www.powerquest.com/legal for additional information about PowerQuest's patents. The entire risk of the use or the result of the use of this software and documentation remains with the user. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, except as expressed in the Software License Agreement. This software and documentation are copyrighted. All other rights, including ownership of the software, are reserved to PowerQuest Corporation. PowerQuest, BootMagic, Drive Image, PartitionMagic, PowerQuest DataKeeper, and the PowerQuest mark are trademarks or registered trademarks of PowerQuest Corporation in the United States and elsewhere. DOS, Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective owners. PowerQuest Documentation Feedback To give suggestions for improving the PowerQuest PartitionMagic 8.0 documentation (quick start guide, user guide, online help, or readme files), e-mail your comments to documentation@powerquest.com, or fax them to (801) 437-4480. Specific suggestions are more helpful than general comments. Please include the PowerQuest product name and version with your correspondence. PowerQuest will use the feedback to improve documentation for future PowerQuest products. Because our staff is limited, we cannot provide personal responses to every message we receive, but we do appreciate hearing from our users. All feedback is given careful consideration for future improvements to PowerQuest documentation or software. PowerQuest Corporation P.O. Box 1911 · Orem, Utah 84059-1911 · U.S.A. PowerQuest® End User License Agreement IMPORTANT: Read this before using your copy of PowerQuest software. This document is a legal agreement between you (an individual or business) and PowerQuest Corporation (PowerQuest). Use of the software indicates your acceptance of these terms. As used in this License Agreement, the term "Software" means the software included on the CD or disk media provided with this License Agreement. The term "Software" does not include any software that is covered by a separate license offered or granted by a person other than PowerQuest. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, EITHER DESTROY OR RETURN, INTACT, THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE, CONTAINING THE CD OR DISK MEDIA, TOGETHER WITH THE OTHER COMPONENTS OF THE PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE. 1. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS. The Software and any accompanying documentation are the proprietary products of PowerQuest or its licensors and are protected under national laws and international treaty provisions. Ownership of the Software and all copies, modifications, translations, and merged portions thereof shall at all times remain with PowerQuest or its licensors. 2. GRANT OF LICENSE. The Software and accompanying documentation are being licensed to you, which means you have the right to use the Software only in accordance with this License Agreement. The Software is considered in use on a computer when it is loaded into temporary memory or installed into permanent memory. This License may not be assigned or otherwise transferred without prior written consent from PowerQuest, and any unauthorized transfer is null and void. You are authorized to use ONLY a single copy of the Software on the number of computers for which you have purchased a license (as indicated on the accompanying license certificate, if applicable). Each permitted copy of the Software may be used only in connection with a single computer owned or leased by you. If the Software is made available on a network, it may be accessed only by ONE specific computer. Once the Software has been accessed by ONE specific computer it may not be used on any additional computers without purchasing additional licenses. All copies of the Software must include the copyright, trademark, and patent notices. This license is personal to you. You may not sublicense, lease, sell, or otherwise transfer the Software or any of the accompanying documentation to any other person. You may use the Software only for your own personal use if you are an individual, or for your own internal business purposes if you are a business. If you are a service bureau, integrator, value added reseller, or other type of service provider and wish to use this software on your clients' computers, you must purchase a Configuration License. BACKUP COPY. In addition to any copies authorized under this license agreement, you may make a single copy of the Software solely for backup purposes. UPDATES AND SUPPORT. You are entitled to receive technical support as outlined in the Software documentation. You are entitled to receive Software updates (updates shall include any patches or bug fixes that PowerQuest makes generally available at www.powerquest.com) in accordance with PowerQuest policies as announced from time to time on terms comparable to those offered to other users of the Software under similar licenses. TERM. This license is effective from your date of purchase and shall remain in force until terminated. You may terminate the license and this License Agreement at any time by destroying the Software and the accompanying documentation, together with all copies in any form. 3. NONPERMITTED USES. Without the express prior written permission of PowerQuest, you may not (a) use, copy, modify, alter or transfer, electronically or otherwise, the Software or documentation except as expressly permitted in this License Agreement, or (b) translate, reverse program, disassemble, decompile, or otherwise reverse engineer the Software. 4. EXPORT CONTROLS. Certain uses of the Software by you may be subject to restrictions under U.S. regulations relating to exports and ultimate end uses of computer software. You agree to fully comply with all applicable U.S. laws and regulations, including but not limited to the Export Administration Act of 1979 as amended from time to time and any regulations promulgated thereunder. 5. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. If you are acquiring the Software on behalf of any unit or agency of the United States Government, the following provision applies: It is acknowledged that the Software and the documentation were developed at private expense and that no part is in the public domain and that the Software and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph iii (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights at 48 CFR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contractor/Manufacturer is PowerQuest Corporation, P.O. Box 1911, Orem, UT 84059-1911, U.S.A. 6. LIMITED WARRANTY. (a) PowerQuest warrants to you, the original end user, (i) that the Software, other than third-party software, will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying documentation and (ii) that the Software is properly recorded on the disk media. This Limited Warranty extends for ninety (90) days from the date of purchase. PowerQuest does not warrant any third-party software that is provided with the Software, but PowerQuest agrees to pass on to you any warranties of the owner or licensor to the extent permitted by the owner or licensor. (b) This Limited Warranty does not apply to any Software that has been altered, damaged, abused, mis-applied, or used other than in accordance with this license and any instructions included on the Software and the accompanying documentation. (c) PowerQuest's entire liability and your exclusive remedy under this Limited Warranty shall be the repair or replacement of any Software that fails to conform to this Limited Warranty or, at PowerQuest's option, return of the price paid for the Software. PowerQuest shall have no liability under this Limited Warranty unless the Software is returned to PowerQuest or its authorized representative, with a copy of your receipt, within the warranty period. Any replacement Software will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or 30 days, whichever is longer. (d) THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF AND EXCLUDES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES NOT EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR WARRANTIES ARISING FROM USAGE OF TRADE OR COURSE OF DEALING. (e) THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS; YOU MAY HAVE OTHERS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. (f) Your failure to return the enclosed registration card or complete the electronic registration included with the Software may result in PowerQuest's inability to provide you with updates to the Software, and you assume the entire risk of performance and result in such an event. 7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. IN NO EVENT SHALL POWERQUEST'S LIABILITY RELATED TO ANY OF THE SOFTWARE EXCEED THE LICENSE FEES ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE. EXCEPT FOR A RETURN OF THE PURCHASE PRICE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES PROVIDED UNDER THE LIMITED WARRANTY, NEITHER POWERQUEST NOR ITS SUPPLIERS SHALL IN ANY EVENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, AND DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS, EVEN IF POWERQUEST CORPORATION HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY IS BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE GROUNDS. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. 8. NO WAIVER. Any failure by either party to this agreement to enforce a specific part of the agreement in a specific situation is not a waiver of rights under the agreement. The party may still enforce the rest of the agreement in that situation and may still enforce some or all of the agreement in other situations. 9. This License Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between you and PowerQuest pertaining to its subject matter. This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Utah. Any litigation arising from this license will be pursued only in the state or federal courts located in the State of Utah. Even if part of the agreement is held invalid, the rest of the agreement is still valid, binding and enforceable. Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement, or if you desire to contact PowerQuest Corporation for any reason, please write: PowerQuest Corporation, P.O. Box 1911, Orem, UT 84059-1911, U.S.A. © 1994-2002 PowerQuest Corporation. All rights reserved. The Software may be protected by U.S. patents, with other patents pending in the U.S.A. and elsewhere. PowerQuest is a registered trademark of PowerQuest Corporation. iv Table of Contents Introduction What Is PartitionMagic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started PartitionMagic System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Installing PartitionMagic under Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Creating Rescue Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Before Running PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Running PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Setting a Password for PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Uninstalling PartitionMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics PartitionMagic Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Rescue Disk Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Selecting an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Undoing an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Viewing Pending Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Applying Changes to Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Changing PartitionMagic Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Using International Keyboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Defragmenting a Hard Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions Integrity Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Browsing Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Resizing and Moving Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Creating Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Deleting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 PowerQuest PartitionMagic v Undeleting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Changing Partition Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Formatting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Copying Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Checking Partitions for Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Merging Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Splitting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Getting Information About Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Scanning a Disk for Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Defragmenting Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Chapter 4: Completing Advanced Disk Operations Changing a Drive Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Retesting Bad Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Hiding and Unhiding Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Resizing the Root Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Setting an Active Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Resizing Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Chapter 5: Converting Partitions Procedure for Converting Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Converting FAT Partitions to FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Converting FAT Partitions to NTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Converting FAT32 Partitions to FAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Converting FAT32 Partitions to NTFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Converting FAT/FAT32 Partitions to 4K Aligned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Converting NTFS Partitions to FAT or FAT32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Converting Partitions to Logical or Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Chapter 6: Using Wizards Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Running Wizards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Create New Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Create Backup Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Install Another Operating System Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Resize a Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Redistribute Free Space Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 vi Table of Contents Merge Partitions Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Copy Partition Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Chapter 7: Using PartitionMagic Utilities Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Switching between Bootable Partitions with PQBoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Chapter 8: PowerQuest BootMagic Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Configuring BootMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Setting BootMagic Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Adding an Operating System to the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Removing an Item from the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Modifying a Menu Item's Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Setting a Default Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Booting from a Second Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Setting the Startup Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Disabling BootMagic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Using the BootMagic Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Using BootMagic to Install Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Chapter 9: PowerQuest DataKeeper Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Monitoring Your System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Creating Custom Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Mobile Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Restoring Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Starting DataKeeper from a Windows Shortcut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Exiting DataKeeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Appendix A: Using PartitionMagic With Other Programs Norton Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Disk Compression Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Operating System Boot Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Virus Protection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 PowerQuest PartitionMagic vii Drive Overlay Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 SoundBlaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 GoBack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Defragmenting Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Appendix B: Troubleshooting General Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Generating Diagnostic Reports with PartitionInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Error Messages and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Exit Code 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Appendix C: PowerQuest Technical Support Complimentary Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Fee-Based Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Index viii Table of Contents Introduction What Is PartitionMagic? PowerQuest® PartitionMagic® is a utility that lets you quickly and easily create, delete, merge, or convert file systems of partitions on your hard disk without destroying existing data. PartitionMagic will make your hard disk more efficient and provide greater security for your data. PartitionMagic enables you to secure your data by physically separating it from other files. Separate partitions also make backups easy. PartitionMagic helps you reliably run multiple operating systems on the same computer. PartitionMagic also includes BootMagic, a powerful boot manager that helps you safely install new operating systems and lets you choose which operating system you want to use when starting your computer. In addition to powerful partitioning features, PartitionMagic offers a variety of other options. For instance, you can perform partitioning operations and view the changes that will be made before applying them to your system. Additionally, you can view comprehensive information about your hard disk geometry and your hardware system, and you can resize root directories (FAT, FAT32) to make room for more long filenames. New Features PowerQuest PartitionMagic 8.0 includes the following new features: · New user interface ­ Makes PartitionMagic easier to navigate. · Large partition support ­ Enables management of partitions up to 160 GB, containing up to 145 GB of data. · File browser ­ Makes it possible to browse the contents of a partition or copy, move, and rename files and folders from within PartitionMagic. · Running multiple operating systems ­ BootMagic has been enhanced, so it can be installed on a FAT or FAT32 partition on any hard disk. PQBoot for Windows has been added, enabling you to boot into an alternate operating system from Windows and return to the standard operating system on the next reboot. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 1 · Ability to resize clusters on NTFS partitions ­ Reclaims lost performance that can result from converting a FAT32 partition to NTFS as part of an operating system upgrade. Larger clusters can also reduce the rate of fragmentation. · PowerQuest DataKeeper ­ Provides an easy way for you to back up your important data files for safekeeping. · Installing Another Operating System wizard ­ Includes built-in information so more of the operations are automated when you are preparing your system to run multiple operating systems. Also includes information you can print to help you with the part of the process that is not directly tied to PartitionMagic. · Create Backup Partition wizard ­ Helps you create a partition for backup data files. Also includes information you can print to help you configure and run PowerQuest DataKeeper to use the new backup partition. · Flash tutorial ­ Introduces partitioning concepts and provides an overview of the tasks you can complete with PartitionMagic. 2 Introduction C H A PT E R 1 Getting Started This chapter includes the following information: · PartitionMagic System Requirements · Installing PartitionMagic under Windows · Creating Rescue Disks · Before Running PartitionMagic · Running PartitionMagic · Setting a Password for PartitionMagic · Uninstalling PartitionMagic 3 PartitionMagic System Requirements PartitionMagic for Windows requires a minimum of 70 MB of hard disk space, a CD drive (any speed), a 3.5-inch floppy drive, VGA or higher resolution monitor with a screen area of at least 800 x 600 pixels, and processor and memory requirements as shown below. Operating System Windows 95b through Windows 98 SE Windows Me Windows NT 4.0 Workstation with SP6a applied Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Minimum RAM 32 MB 32 MB 32 MB* Minimum Processor Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Pentium/150 MHz or compatible 64 MB* 128 MB* Pentium/150 MHz or compatible Pentium/233 MHz or compatible * Resizing NTFS clusters on partitions over 120 GB in size requires 256 MB RAM. PartitionMagic supports hardware RAID level 0 (disk striping) and RAID level 5 (striping with parity). PartitionMagic supports external USB, USB2, and FireWire (1394) hard drives under Windows. Operations that are executed in boot mode are not supported on these devices. See "USB, USB2, and FireWire Support" on page 17. The rescue disk version of PartitionMagic requires a Pentium/150 MHz processor (or faster), a 3.5-inch floppy drive, 8 MB of RAM (16 MB for NTFS partitions; 32 MB recommended for FAT32 partitions; some very large partitions may require up to 256 MB). Microsoft recommends 128 MB RAM for Windows 2000 and Windows XP systems, although the product can run on systems with 64 MB RAM. Installing PartitionMagic under Windows You must have administrative privileges to install PartitionMagic on a Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP system. IMPORTANT! PartitionMagic must be installed on a local drive, not on a network drive. 4 Chapter 1: Getting Started 1 Insert the PartitionMagic CD into your CD drive. 2 If the installation program does not start automatically, click Start Run on the Windows taskbar. Then type drive:\AUTORUN, where drive is the drive letter of your CD drive. 3 Click PartitionMagic Install, and follow the on-screen installation instructions. There is sometimes a delay after you click Install. If you click it twice, you will start two instances of the installation and will have to cancel the second one. Creating Rescue Disks You can run a DOS version of PartitionMagic or the BootMagic configuration program from the PartitionMagic CD if your computer has the ability to boot from a CD. If your computer cannot boot from a CD, PowerQuest recommends that you create rescue diskettes at the end of the PartitionMagic installation. You can create rescue disks from the PartitionMagic CD or from the Start menu. The bootable CD and rescue disks also enable you to run PartitionMagic from DOS, Windows 3.x, or Linux machines. Rescue disks are useful when: · You want to run PartitionMagic, but you do not have an operating system that is supported by the Windows version of the software. · You have hidden the partition where PartitionMagic is installed and need to run PartitionMagic to unhide the partition. · You have accidently converted a partition to FAT32 or NTFS and your operating system does not support that operating system, so your computer will not boot. (You can use the rescue disks to convert the partition back to FAT.) · Other occasions arise when you do not have access to PartitionMagic on the CD or hard drive. You must have two blank 1.44 MB floppy disks available before you begin this procedure (three disks for double-byte languages). PowerQuest PartitionMagic 5 1 You can create rescue disks three ways: To create rescue disks from: Windows (preferred method) PartitionMagic CD (useful if you do not have Windows) Do this: Click Start Programs PowerQuest PartitionMagic 8.0 PartitionMagic 8.0 Tools Create Rescue Disks. 1a Open the English\DOSMAKE folder on the PartitionMagic CD. 1b Type MAKEDISK A:, where A: is the drive letter for your floppy disk drive. You can also install the DOS version of PartitionMagic to your hard disk using this process. If you install to your hard disk, the PartitionMagic files (but not the system files) will be installed to a PQMAGIC directory at the root of the disk, and you will not need floppy disks. PartitionMagic main window Click Tools Create Rescue Disks on the menu bar. 2 Insert a blank formatted 1.44 MB disk into your 3.5-inch disk drive and click OK. 3 Follow the prompts and the instructions on the progress bar (located at the bottom of the window). 6 Chapter 1: Getting Started The rescue disks contain the following files: PartitionMagic Disk 1 · · · · · · · · · · Autoexe2.bat Autoexec.bat Command.com Ega.cpi Keyb.com Mode.com Partinfo.exe (utility program) PTEDIT (utility program) Miscellaneous system (.SYS) files MSCDEX.exe (Windows 9x/Me only) · NWCDEX.exe (Windows NT/2000/XP only) · Fdisk.com (Windows NT/2000/XP only) · CHKDSK.exe PartitionMagic Disk 2 · · · · · · · · · · · Autoexec.bat Command.com Mouse.com PMHelp.dat (help file) PQMagic.exe PQMagic.ovl PQMagic.pqg PQPB.rtc Rescue.txt zAbout.pqg Boot.ini (Windows NT/2000/XP only) If you create rescue disks for a double-byte language, the third disk includes fonts. Before Running PartitionMagic It is wise to run a file check (such as CheckDisk or ScanDisk) before running PartitionMagic. Doing so can help you avoid problems you could encounter if you try to manipulate partitions on a disk with bad sectors or file system errors. See "Checking Partitions for Errors" on page 50. You should back up your hard disk before using PartitionMagic. While PartitionMagic has been thoroughly tested and is reliable, other factors, (such as power failures, operating system bugs, and hardware defects), can put your data at risk. Before using any utility that makes extensive changes to your hard disk, you should back up your data. PowerQuest® Drive Image® is ideal for backing up partitions. PartitionMagic cannot run while other low-level disk utilities (such as virus detection software, defragmenting software like Diskeeper®, or backup software like GoBack®) are running. Close all such utilities prior to starting PartitionMagic. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 7 Verify that the version of PartitionMagic you are running is supported on the operating system (and Service Pack, if applicable) you are running. See "PartitionMagic System Requirements" on page 4. If you would like a high-level overview of PartitionMagic, click Help Flash Tutorial to run a Flash presentation that explains the product. Running PartitionMagic You can run PartitionMagic from Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Windows 2000 Professional, or Windows XP. Under any other operating system, you must run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. To run from: Windows Start menu Windows Explorer Do this: Click Start Programs PowerQuest PartitionMagic 8.0 PartitionMagic 8.0. Right-click any drive object, and click PartitionMagic 8.0. Running PartitionMagic from Rescue Disks When you boot your computer from the first rescue disk, PQMAGIC automatically runs. You must insert the second rescue disk when prompted. Preparation Before you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, you should: · Turn off third-party disk caches. · Deactivate/unload any TSR programs that access or modify partitions being changed. You cannot run PartitionMagic on a Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Professional, or Windows Me machine that is in hibernation. To use the rescue diskette or PartitionMagic for Windows, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Me must have been shut down normally. Rescue Disk Limitations The following features are not available when you run the DOS version of PartitionMagic from the rescue disks or from the PartitionMagic bootable CD. · Split partitions · Secure erase of partitions 8 Chapter 1: Getting Started · Undo last change · Wizards If you run out of space on the first rescue disk as a result of adding network, SCSI, or CD-ROM drivers to your boot sequence, you can delete the following files from the disk: chkdsk.com, fdisk.exe, ptedit.exe, and partinfo.exe. We recommend that you delete the files in that order, freeing up only the space that you need to accommodate additional files. These files are included in the Utilities folder on the PartitionMagic CD where you can access them later, if necessary. If you use an international keyboard or character set, you will need to modify the AUTOEXE2.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files on the rescue disks. Refer to "Using International Keyboards" on page 23 for additional information. Checking an NTFS partition with the rescue disk version of PartitionMagic may take an unusually long time. Since PartitionMagic performs checks both before and after the move, copy, and resize operations, these operations may be slower with the rescue disk version of PartitionMagic than with the Windows version. Command Line Switches The following command line options are supported by the Windows version and the DOS (rescue disk) version of PartitionMagic, unless noted otherwise. When you specify multiple options, the order is unimportant. Switch /? /CAS /CBS /CEC /DBG /IFC /I24 /MUP /NBS Description Lists all the command line options switches for the version of PartitionMagic you are running. Copies all sectors within partitions. Checks for all bad sectors. Checks for extra cylinders. Enables debug messages. Ignores file system checks. Ignores the 1024 cylinder boundary. Allows you to move partitions of unknown types. Disables bad sector checking. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 9 Switch /NRB /NSS /PQB Description Instructs PartitionMagic not to reboot after the program exits. Does not display the splash screen. Forces the batch file to the specified location. PartitionMagic creates a batch file when it must perform some operations in boot mode. Syntax: PQMAGIC /PQB=C:\, where C: is the location where you want the batch file to be saved. /RAV Tells PartitionMagic to read and verify all disk writes. Enabling this option increases the length of time needed to perform some operations, but it ensures that the operation outcome is accurate. Tells PartitionMagic to use virtual memory. Wipes the first sector after deleting all partitions. /UVM /WFS Setting a Password for PartitionMagic You can assign a password that must be entered before PartitionMagic for Windows will start. 1 Click General Set Password. The Set Password dialog appears. 2 Type a new password, then press . 3 Confirm the new password, then press . 4 (Optional) Add a hint. 10 Chapter 1: Getting Started 5 Click OK. Entering a Password When you start PartitionMagic and there is a password assigned, the Enter Password dialog appears. 1 Type the password assigned to PartitionMagic. You can click Hint to display a reminder. 2 Click OK. Changing a Password 1 Click General Set Password. 2 Type the old password, then press . 3 Type the new password, then press . To remove password protection, leave the new password fields blank. 4 Confirm the new password, then press . 5 (Optional) Change the hint. 6 Click OK. Uninstalling PartitionMagic 1 On the Windows taskbar, click Start Settings Control Panel. 2 Double-click Add/Remove Programs, then select PartitionMagic 8.0. 3 Click Add/Remove. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 11 C H A PT E R 2 PartitionMagic Basics This chapter includes the following information: · PartitionMagic Main Window · Rescue Disk Main Window · Process Overview · Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition · Selecting an Operation · Undoing an Operation · Viewing Pending Operations · Applying Changes to Your System · Supported File Systems · Changing PartitionMagic Preferences · Using International Keyboards · Defragmenting a Hard Drive · Getting Help 13 PartitionMagic Main Window The main window includes an action panel with shortcuts for common tasks and an overview of pending operations, a map of each disk, and a list of the partitions on the selected disk. The menu bar and a toolbar appear at the top of the window. The menu bar gives you access to all of PartitionMagic's features. The toolbar gives you quick access to commonly used options. When the pointer is over a toolbar, the status bar shows what the button does. You can customize the main screen by clicking commands on the View menu. Note that the main screen is different if you run PartitionMagic from the rescue disks. See "Rescue Disk Main Window" on page 15. Menu Bar Toolbar Tasks (Wizards) Disk Map Partition List Operations for selected partition (unavailable options are dimmed) Legend Status Bar Disk Map The disk map shows the partitions approximately to scale and also shows unallocated space (space not assigned to any partition). You can also display hard disks to scale by clicking View Scale Disk Map. Each partition is represented by a different color according to the file system it uses. If the selected hard disk contains logical partitions, the logical partitions are shown within an extended partition. 14 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Each partition is color-coded to show the file system it uses and the used and unused space within the partition. A legend is displayed just above the status bar located at the bottom of the PartitionMagic window. You can use the Legend to help you understand the different colors used in the disk map and partition list. There are triangle indicators to mark the 2 GB boot boundary and the 8 GB boot boundary (1024 cylinder limit). The boundary markers can help you as you create, move, or resize partitions, so you will not make primary partitions unbootable by accident. For additional information about the boot boundaries, refer to "Understanding the BIOS 1024 Cylinder Limit" or "Understanding the 2 GB Boot Code Boundary" in the PartitionMagic online help located under Getting Started > Partitioning Basics. Partition List The partition list displays the following information about each partition: drive letter, volume label, file system type, size, amount of used and unused space in megabytes, status, and whether the partition is a primary or logical partition. If the partition does not have a volume label, "Local Disk" displays next to the drive letter. An asterisk (*) appears in place of a drive letter for: · · · · Hidden partitions Extended partitions Partitions with file systems not supported by the active operating system Unallocated space (space not currently assigned to any partition) A partition's status can be: · Active: The partition the computer boots from. · Hidden: Partitions that do not have a drive letter. Partitions can be hidden by the operating system (which may hide all primary partitions except the active one), or you can hide partitions with PartitionMagic. Under Windows 2000/XP Professional, hidden partitions are permitted to have a drive letter. · None: Partitions that are not active or hidden. Rescue Disk Main Window The main screen appears different when you run from rescue disks than it does when you run PartitionMagic from Windows. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 15 · Menu bar -- gives you access to all of PartitionMagic's features. Be aware that the operations available from the Partition menu when you run PartitionMagic under Windows are available under the Operations menu when you run from the rescue disks. · Toolbar -- gives you quick access to commonly used options and allows you to select the disk you want to operate on. · Partition information -- provides both a visual and text description of the partitions on the disk. · Status bar -- shows you how many operations are pending; also includes a brief description of the currently selected option. Menu Bar Toolbar Disk Map Partition List Status Bar Process Overview To complete a task, follow this general process: 1 Select a hard disk and partition. The steps for selecting a hard disk and partition are included in this chapter of the user guide. You must follow these steps before you can perform any operation within PartitionMagic. 2 Select an operation and enter details about the changes you want to perform. 16 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics 3 Apply changes to your system. See "Applying Changes to Your System" on page 19. You can also perform some tasks using the wizards. See "Using Wizards" on page 79. Selecting a Hard Disk and Partition You can select a partition without first selecting a hard disk. To select a partition, click it in the disk map or partition list on the main screen. To select a hard disk, click the title bar on the disk map or click the disk in the partition list. There are two operations that can be performed on a hard disk: delete all the partitions or display information about the hard disk. When you select a hard disk, its partitions display in the partition list in the main window. PartitionMagic does not support volume sets, stripe sets, stripe sets with parity, or partitions located on disk mirror/duplex sets configured using Windows NT Disk Administrator. Under Windows 2000/XP, PartitionMagic supports standard partitions located on basic disk sets only. USB, USB2, and FireWire Support PartitionMagic supports external USB, USB2, and FireWire (1394, IEEE) hard drives under Windows. Operations that are executed in boot mode are not supported on these devices. You can see if an operation will be performed in boot mode by clicking View Operations Pending. If an operation displays with an asterisk (*), it will not work on a USB, USB2, or FireWire drive. If any of the queued operations displays with an asterisk, all of the queued operations will be applied in boot mode. You may increase the chances of an operation's being applied under Windows by closing all applications other than PartitionMagic and only working on operations on that drive (as opposed to the USB or FireWire drive and drive C:, for example). Removable Media Support PartitionMagic is not designed to work on removable media. PowerQuest technical support does not guarantee they will be able to resolve problems you encounter when partitioning removable media. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 17 Dynamic Disks Windows 2000 and Windows XP use basic disks and dynamic disks. You cannot perform PartitionMagic operations on dynamic disks. Selecting an Operation After you have selected a disk or a partition, you can select an operation using the action panel, toolbar, context menu, or menu bar. If an operation cannot be performed on the selected partition, the item appears dimmed on the menu and in the action panel. · Click one of the operations on the action panel or the toolbar. When you place the pointer on a toolbar button, a pop-up window displays the button's function. · In the disk map or partition list, right-click the partition you want to change, then click the desired operation from the context menu. · On the menu bar, click Partition, then choose the desired operation. (If you are running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, click Operations on the menu bar, then choose the desired operation.) For more information about the items on the Partition menu, see Chapters 3, 4, and 5 of this user guide. Undoing an Operation To undo or reverse the last operation performed, click General Undo Last Change on the menu bar, press , or click Undo in the action panel. If you have performed an operation using a wizard, Undo Last Change will undo all the changes made by the wizard. To discard all the pending operations, click General Discard all Changes, or press . 18 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Viewing Pending Operations PartitionMagic queues operations until you apply them. You can view the operations that are pending at any time at the bottom of the action panel, or you can display a more detailed view. 1 Click View Operations Pending. The Operations Currently Pending dialog appears. If an asterisk displays to the left of an operation, the operation will be applied in boot mode rather than in Windows. If any operation in the list appears with an asterisk, all of the operations will be applied in boot mode. From the list of pending operations, you can choose to undo the last change, discard all changes, apply all changes, or close the window. If you are running PartitionMagic from the rescue disks, you cannot modify pending operations from this window. Applying Changes to Your System As you complete tasks using the Partition menu (or Operations menu if running from the rescue disks), the disk map and partition list reflect the changes you have made. However, no changes physically take place on your system until you apply them. You can perform several operations and then apply all the changes at once. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 19 To apply changes to your system, click General Apply Changes, or click Apply in the action panel. To discard the changes and start over, click General Discard All Changes. With the exception of being able to undelete some partitions, you cannot discard or undo changes after you have applied them. Applying Changes in Windows vs. Boot Mode When you apply changes, PartitionMagic evaluates your system to see if changes are being made to partitions where there are open files (such as when you modify the C: drive while running Windows). If there are no open files, the changes will be applied while Windows is running. If there are open files, PartitionMagic must go into boot mode to apply the changes. When prompted, click OK to go into boot mode. You do not need to have DOS installed on your system to apply changes in boot mode. Supported File Systems You can create or modify the following partition types with PartitionMagic. Before making modifications, you should ensure that both the partition type and operating system on your machine are supported by PartitionMagic. Partition Type Extended Description The extended partition gets around the arbitrary four-partition limit for a disk. An extended partition is a container in which you can further divide your disk space by creating logical partitions. An extended partition does not directly hold data. You must create logical partitions within the extended partition to store data. An extendedx partition functions like an extended partition but is not limited to the first 8 GB (1024 cylinders) on a hard disk. Linux kernels below 2.2 do not support extendedx partitions. Extendedx FAT Uses file allocation table (FAT) and clusters. The FAT file system is used by DOS, Windows 3.x, and most Windows 95 installations. A FAT partition is also accessible by all newer operating systems. FAT16x is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft to enable FAT partitions beyond 1024 cylinders (~8GB). FAT16x 20 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Partition Type FAT32 Description FAT32 is an enhancement of the FAT file system. It uses 32-bit file allocation table entries, rather than the 16-bit entries used by the FAT system, so FAT32 supports larger disk or partition sizes (up to 2 terabytes). The minimum size for a FAT32 partition is 256 MB. DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51/4.0, and early versions of Windows 95 (before version 4.00.950B) do not recognize FAT32 and cannot read files on a FAT32 partition. FAT32x FAT32x is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft to enable FAT32 partitions beyond 1024 cylinders (~8GB). Windows 95 OSR2 and later versions of Windows may use FAT32x partitions. The Linux Ext2 and Ext3 file systems are only accessible by Linux, a freeware version of UNIX. The Linux Ext2 file system supports a maximum partition size of 4 terabytes. Holds a Linux swap file. The maximum usable size of a Linux swap file is 128 MB. (This limitation, however, does not apply if you are using a Linux Kernel that is verion 2.2.x or later.) The default size shown when you create a Linux swap partition may be slightly larger because of the physical geometry on the hard disk. The New Technology File System (NTFS) is accessible by Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP. NTFS is not recommended for use on disks less than 400 MB because it uses a great deal of space for system structures. Unformatted partitions reserve a portion of the disk but are not assigned a file structure. Unallocated space is the portion of a hard disk that is not currently assigned to any partition. Linux Ext2 and Ext3 Linux Swap NTFS Unformatted Unallocated space Changing PartitionMagic Preferences 1 In the main window, click General Preferences. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 21 A check mark next to a preference indicates it is enabled. Indicates whether the current operating system supports FAT32 partitions. 2 Click check boxes to enable or disable preferences, then click OK. Allow 64K FAT Clusters for Windows NT/Windows 2000/XP This preference lets you create FAT partitions with 64 KB clusters, which allows you to use PartitionMagic to create FAT partitions up to 4 GB. IMPORTANT! Because DOS and Windows 3.x/95/98/Me do not support cluster sizes larger than 32K, you cannot access a 64K partition using these operating systems. You should only use 64K partitions with Windows NT/2000/XP. If you are using multiple operating systems, PowerQuest recommends not using 64K clusters. When enabled, the 64K cluster size is available in the Resize/Move Partition and Resize Clusters dialogs. Skip Bad Sector Checks When PartitionMagic modifies partitions, it performs extensive testing to detect bad sectors on your hard disk. Newer disk types (such as Enhanced IDE and SCSI) often handle bad sectors internally, making such testing superfluous. For this reason, PartitionMagic lets you bypass these tests with Skip Bad Sector Checks. When this preference is enabled, the Resize/Move, Create, Copy, and Format operations run faster. WARNING! If you skip bad sector checks and your hard disk has bad sectors, data loss can result. 22 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Bad sector checking is on by default. PartitionMagic lets you set this preference individually for each of your hard disks. If your system has an older disk and a newer one, you could check the older disk and skip the newer one. A check mark next to a disk means to skip bad sector checking for that disk. Set as Read-Only for PartitionMagic This preference lets you prevent PartitionMagic from making any changes to a hard disk. You can set this preference individually for each of your hard disks. There are some exceptions to how this preference is applied: · If the disk contains the boot partition, some files may be changed, such as the Windows NT boot initialization (BOOT.INI) file. · If you tell PartitionMagic to run DriveMapper automatically, certain files, such as initialization files and shortcut files, may be changed. Using International Keyboards When you use the DOS version of PartitionMagic (see "Running PartitionMagic from Rescue Disks" on page 8), you may lose the ability to use your keyboard the way you are accustomed to or to view extended characters properly. The PartitionMagic rescue disks include the files you need to resolve these problems. If you use an international keyboard or character set, you must edit the AUTOEXE2.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files on the rescue disks. 1 The following lines are remarked in the AUTOEXE2.BAT file. Delete the REM from the beginning of the line, and replace the variables xx and yyy with the keyboard code and character set code page for your language. MODE CON CP PREP=((yyy)EGA.CPI) MODE CON CP SEL=yyy KEYB xx,yyy xx = two-letter keyboard code (for example, US or FR) yyy = character set code page (for example, 437) 2 Save the AUTOEXE2.BAT file. 3 The following line is remarked in the CONFIG.SYS file. Delete the REM from the beginning of the line, and replace the variable yyy with the character set code page for your language. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 23 DEVICE=DISPLAY.SYS CON=(EGA,yyy,) 4 Save the CONFIG.SYS file. 5 Reboot from the first rescue disk. Defragmenting a Hard Drive Defragmenting your hard drive will optimize the storage of data by organizing your files in a contiguous order. You can run Windows Defragmenter within PartitionMagic for Windows. Right-click a partition in the disk map, then select Windows Defragmenter from the menu. PartitionMagic will lock and Windows Defragmenter will run. When the disk is defragmented, Windows Defragmenter will close, and PartitionMagic will unlock so you can continue running it. Getting Help PartitionMagic Help provides in-depth information on features as well as step-by-step instructions for specific tasks. To access Help, click Help Contents on the menu bar in the PartitionMagic main window. The PowerQuest PartitionMagic Help is organized into books and pages. Find information with the Index (key) and Find (binoculars) tabs. Double-click a book to view the pages in it. Double-click a page to read the help topic. 24 Chapter 2: PartitionMagic Basics Each book focuses on a different aspect of PartitionMagic, so you can quickly locate the information you need. When you double-click a topic, the information displays in the right window. You can click the key tab to search for a topic using keywords. Context-Sensitive Help Click Help in the lower right corner of a dialog or press to display context-sensitive help for the dialog. Clicking Hints in a wizard dialog displays helpful information about the task the wizard is performing. README File The README.TXT file includes information that changed since this guide was written, corrections to the manual or help system, and information specific to installation or configuration issues. Product Demonstrations The PowerQuest web site includes multimedia tutorials that visually step you through the most common PartitionMagic tasks. To view the instructional videos, go to www.powerquest.com/support and click Instructions & Videos. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 25 C H A PT E R 3 Managing Partitions This chapter includes the following information: · Integrity Checks · Browsing Partitions · Resizing and Moving Partitions · Creating Partitions · Deleting Partitions · Undeleting Partitions · Changing Partition Labels · Formatting Partitions · Copying Partitions · Checking Partitions for Errors · Merging Partitions · Splitting Partitions · Getting Information About Partitions · Scanning a Disk for Errors · Defragmenting Drives 27 Integrity Checks PartitionMagic checks disk integrity with a sophisticated system of analysis and validation that operates behind the scenes every time you start the program or complete an operation. An initial integrity check scans your disk and reports any partition problems that may prevent PartitionMagic from operating properly. This integrity check acts as an early warning system that informs you of your disk's status and assures that the disk's structure is thoroughly analyzed and verified before you alter it. If your physical disk passes the initial integrity check, you can select the disk's partitions and use PartitionMagic features; otherwise, an error message appears instead of the partition list. This indicates a problem with your disk, not with PartitionMagic (because no disk modification operations have been initiated). If PartitionMagic finds errors that it can fix automatically, you will be prompted. It is safe to allow PartitionMagic to fix errors. Correct the disk problem, and then restart PartitionMagic. For additional information, see "Resolving Partition Table Errors" on page 126. In addition to the integrity check at startup time, PartitionMagic performs two integrity checks during any operation. The first check tests the integrity of the file system in the partition before an operation begins (similar to CheckDisk or ScanDisk), and the second check validates your disk's data after an operation is completed. From start to finish, PartitionMagic examines your disk and informs you immediately if it detects any irregularities. Browsing Partitions You can browse the contents of any hidden or visible partition that is formatted with a file system PartitionMagic supports. (See "Supported File Systems" on page 20.) Sometimes it is helpful to see what is in a partition before you modify it. The PowerQuest File Browser also enables you to modify files and folders. 1 Select the partition you want to browse. 28 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions 2 Click Partition Browse. 3 Right-click to copy, move, rename, or delete files, and create, copy, move, or delete folders as you wish. 4 Click Close to exit the File Browser and return to PartitionMagic. The PartitionMagic main screen will be refreshed to reflect any changes you made. This operation may take a little while. Resizing and Moving Partitions You can change the size of a partition and/or move it to another location on a hard disk. 1 Select the partition you want to resize/move. You cannot move Windows NT volume or stripe sets with parity created by Disk Administrator. 2 Click Partition Resize/Move. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 29 The Resize/Move Partition dialog appears. Left partition handle Used space (minimum size) Unallocated space outside partition Right partition handle Unused space inside partition The current size of the partition is shown on a disk map at the top of the dialog. The map also depicts the used and unused space within the partition and the unallocated space surrounding the partition (if any exists). The minimum and maximum sizes to which you can resize the partition appear below the map. 3 Choose whether to resize or move the partition. To do this: Move Do this: 1 Place the pointer on the partition. The pointer changes to . 2 Drag the partition to the desired location. There must be unallocated space adjacent to the partition to move it. If there is none, and the partition contains unused space, make the partition smaller and then move the partition. You cannot move unknown partitions, partitions failing the Check for Errors operation (see "Checking Partitions for Errors" on page 50 for more information), or unallocated space. 30 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions To do this: Move (continued) Do this: Your Windows NT 4.0 system (SP 6 or higher) partition cannot start past 4 GB, or Windows NT will not be bootable. IMPORTANT! Exercise caution when moving a bootable partition. Operating systems can become unbootable if moved beyond certain boundaries. For more information, see "Creating Bootable Partitions" on page 38. Resize 1 Place the pointer on the left or right partition handle. The pointer changes to . 2 Drag the handle until the desired partition size is reached. You can also resize the partition by typing new values in the Free Space Before, New Size, and Free Space After boxes or by clicking the arrows next to the boxes. The values you enter may change slightly to values supported by the drive's geometry. The arrow buttons resize the partition by the minimum increment, allowing you to make very fine adjustments. Changes are reflected in the disk map. To make a partition smaller, unused space must exist within the partition. To enlarge a partition, there must be unallocated space adjacent to it. For additional information about resizing partitions, refer to "Notes about Resizing Partitions" below. IMPORTANT! (Windows NT only) Resizing your NTFS system partition over 7.8 GB may render your workstation unbootable. If you resize an NTFS system partition over this limit by accident, you can recover your system by using the PartitionMagic rescue disks to resize the NTFS system partition below 7.8 GB. If you know your disk has no bad sectors, Skip bad sector checks in Preferences to make resize and move operations faster. PartitionMagic changes the Free Space Before, New Size, and Free Space After values to show how the partition size is affected. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 31 4 (Optional) Click the Cluster Size drop-down list and select a new size or use the recommend cluster size that is already selected. This option is only available for FAT and FAT32 partitions. For more information, see "Resizing Clusters" on page 66. You can resize NTFS clusters by clicking Partition Advanced Resize Clusters. 5 Click OK. Notes about Resizing Partitions When you resize a partition, data is consolidated, not compressed. To make a partition smaller, unused space must exist within the partition. To enlarge a partition, there must be adjacent unallocated space. If there is unallocated space on the disk, but it is not adjacent to the partition you want to enlarge, adjust the location of the space by moving other partitions. You can resize/move a partition to create space before it even if there is used space shown at the beginning of the partition. For example, if you are shrinking a D: partition so you can enlarge a C: partition, you can just drag the left handle of the D: drive to create unallocated space next to the C: drive, then drag the right handle of the C: drive to use that space. IMPORTANT! Exercise caution when resizing partitions smaller, especially a partition containing an operating system. Leave at least 50 MB more space in the partition than the operating system requires. Swap files, drivers, and other files may require the extra space. Additionally, operating systems can become unbootable if moved beyond certain boundaries. For more information, see "Creating Bootable Partitions" on page 38. Resizing FAT and FAT32 partitions smaller may reduce the amount of wasted space on a hard disk. When you resize a FAT or FAT32 partition, PartitionMagic automatically resizes the clusters to their optimal size for the partition. For more information, see "Resizing Clusters" on page 66. You should be aware of the following limitations when resizing partitions: · You cannot make a partition smaller unless it contains unused space. You can only reduce a partition to the used size shown in the disk map plus a small buffer area. During a Resize/Move operation, data is consolidated to the front of the partition as needed, but no data compression takes place. Because of the way a FAT partition is structured, you can often resize a partition a second time and make it even smaller or larger than the first time you resized it. · In certain instances, you cannot make a FAT partition larger when the partition contains no unused space. If you have a full partition and plenty of unallocated space 32 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions adjacent to it, yet are not able to enlarge your partition, you may have to delete some files in the partition so that PartitionMagic has room to work. You may be able to slightly enlarge the partition (1 MB or less) and then enlarge the partition a second time to provide the necessary buffer area for PartitionMagic. To see how much space is needed in a partition to resize past a cluster boundary, see the table in "Freeing Disk Space Before Enlarging a FAT Partition" in Help under Getting Started > Partitioning Basics. · It is difficult to calculate in advance the minimum size to which an NTFS partition may be resized. If PartitionMagic runs out of space when you are resizing or moving an NTFS partition, PartitionMagic returns an error without completing the operation. The integrity of the NTFS partition and data is never compromised. · A FAT partition has a 2 GB (2047 MB) size limit; however, a FAT partition under Windows NT (service pack 4 or higher) or Windows 2000/XP can be sized up to 4 GB and have a 64 KB cluster size. · Under Windows 2000 and Windows XP, you can enlarge an NTFS partition (even the system partition) without rebooting. Scenario: Resizing a Logical Partition Larger This scenario outlines the procedure for adding space to a logical partition. You can also use the Resize Partitions wizard to perform the same operations. Sample Configuration One 1 GB hard disk containing: · One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 2000 · One extended partition enclosing one logical NTFS partition (D:) Objective Resize drive C: smaller and add the newly created free space to drive D:. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 33 Procedure 1 Resize drive C: smaller by the amount you want to add to drive D:. Resize C: so that the unallocated space is on the right. 2 Enlarge drive D: to occupy the unallocated space just created. The extended partition is automatically enlarged to accommodate drive D:. 3 Apply the changes to your system. Result Drive D: has room for additional files. Creating Partitions The Create operation lets you create primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical partitions. If you have multiple hard disks and partitions, the process and available options may differ slightly from the following steps. For examples of creating partitions on more complex systems, see the scenarios that begin on page 40 of this user guide. 1 Select a block of unallocated space. If no unallocated space exists, you must resize or delete an existing partition to create unallocated space. For instructions on resizing and deleting partitions, see "Resizing and Moving Partitions" on page 29 and "Deleting Partitions" on page 44. On a single hard disk, you can have up to four primary partitions or three primary partitions and one extended partition. Within an extended partition, you can create unlimited additional subdivisions called logical partitions. 2 Click Partition Create. 34 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions The Create Partition dialog appears. 3 From the Create as drop-down list, select Logical Partition or Primary Partition. As a general rule, you should create primary partitions to install operating systems and logical partitions for all other purposes (such as storing data and applications). However, you can install Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP to a logical partition as long as their boot files are in a primary partition. See "Creating Bootable Partitions" on page 38. If you have multiple hard disks, you can improve speed by installing operating systems and applications on separate disks. If you do not know what type of partition you want to create, see "Understanding Partitions" in Help. You should create a primary partition if you plan to install an operating system. Refer to "Creating Bootable Partitions" on page 38 and "Installing a New Operating System" on page 39 for additional information. If you select Logical Partition, PartitionMagic automatically creates an extended partition to enclose the logical partition, or, if you already have an extended partition, resizes the extended partition larger to encompass the logical partition. (The free space must be inside of or adjacent to the extended partition.) If Logical Partition is unavailable, you may already have four primary partitions on the hard disk. Or, if you have an extended partition, you may not have selected a block of free space inside of or adjacent to the extended partition. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 35 If you create a second, third, or fourth primary partition on a physical disk, PartitionMagic will create the new primary partition as unhidden. However, PartitionMagic will automatically hide the other primary partitions on that disk when performing a Set Active operation. 4 From the Partition Type drop-down list, select the desired file system type or accept the default. FAT is the most universal file system type. It is used by DOS and all versions of Windows. FAT32 is used by Windows 95 OEM Service Release 2, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, Windows XP. NTFS is used by Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP. If you create an NTFS partition under Windows 9x, it will be created with NTFS version 3.0, which is not compatible with Windows NT 4.0. To create an NTFS version 1.2 partition that will work with Windows NT 4.0, run PartitionMagic under Windows NT 4.0 and create the partition. Linux Ext2, Linux Ext3, and Linux Swap are used by Linux. Extended creates an extended partition which can contain any number of logical partitions. Extended is not an option if the hard disk already contains an extended partition or four primary partitions. Unformatted creates an unformatted partition on your hard drive. 5 (Optional) Enter a label for the new partition. Labels can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters for NTFS partitions, 16 alphanumeric characters for Linux, and 11 alphanumeric characters for other file system types. 6 In the Size box, enter the desired size for the partition. Or, in the percent of unallocated space box, enter the desired percent of unallocated space for the partition. PartitionMagic automatically calculates a recommended size (based on the most efficient use of disk space), which you can accept or change. If you are creating a Windows NT 4.0 (SP 4or higher) system partition, it cannot be larger than 7.8 GB, and it must be fully contained within the first 7.8 GB of the hard disk. 36 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions 7 If the size you specified for the new partition is smaller than the available unallocated space, you can position the partition at the beginning (recommended) or end of the unallocated space. In the Position box, click Beginning of free space or End of free space. 8 In the Cluster size drop-down list, choose a cluster size for the partition or accept the default cluster size. 9 In the Drive Letter box, note the drive letter that will be assigned to the new partition after you reboot, or (for NT-based operating systems) select the drive letter you want. 10 Click OK. If you created a new primary partition and plan to install an operating system on it, refer to "Installing a New Operating System" on page 39 for additional information. WARNING! Because of conflicts that can result from different hardware and system configurations, do not create an applications or operating system partition on one computer and then move that hard disk to another computer. Data loss may occur. Managing Drive Letter Changes Creating a new partition may cause your drive letters to change. For example, if you have one primary partition (C:) on your hard drive and a CD-ROM drive (D:), and you create a new logical partition on your hard drive, the new partition becomes D: and the CD-ROM drive changes to E: after you reboot your computer. As a result, any programs on your hard drive that were linked to the CD-ROM no longer function because the paths to files have changed. PowerQuest recommends that you allow DriveMapper to automatically update the drive letter references in application shortcuts, initialization files, and registry entries when prompted to do so. However, you can update drive letter references manually. See "Changing Drive Letter References with DriveMapper" on page 84. While you can use DriveMapper to update references to files, for least impact, consider creating all new partitions on the highest disk (for example, disk 3 in a three-disk system) and to the right of existing partitions. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 37 Creating Bootable Partitions Before creating a partition where you plan to install an operating system (a bootable partition), you should understand the following information. Operating System DOS 6.22 and earlier Windows 95a Windows 95b Windows 98 Windows 98SE Windows Me Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Linux (LILO) Boots from Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary Primary* Primary* Primary* Either Supported Partition Types FAT FAT FAT or FAT32 FAT or FAT32 FAT or FAT32 FAT or FAT32 FAT or NTFS 1.2 FAT, FAT32, or NTFS 3.0 FAT, FAT32, or NTFS 3.1*** Linux Ext2, Linux Ext3 and Linux Swap Boot Code Boundary 2 GB 2 GB 8 GB 8 GB 8 GB** 8 GB** 2 GB 8 GB** 8 GB** 8 GB Space Required 8 MB 90 MB 90 MB 175 MB 190 MB 300 MB 120 MB 650 MB >1 GB >250 MB * Windows NT/2000/XP must boot from a primary partition on the first drive. However, only a few files must reside on that partition; the remaining files can reside on a logical partition, which can be located on the first or a subsequent drive. The Windows NT/2000/XP boot partition can be shared with another operating system. ** Having an LBA-compatible (Logical Block Addressing) MBR (Master Boot Record) will make the boot code boundary null with Windows 98SE/Me/2000/XP. *** Windows XP automatically promotes NTFS partitions to version 3.1. If you install LILO to a logical partition, it must be the first logical partition in the extended partition. Linux also supports the partition types FAT, FAT32, and NTFS (read-only) if Linux is installed to a Linux Ext2/Ext3 partition. 38 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions IMPORTANT! When you create, move, or resize a bootable partition, the partition must begin below the boot code boundary specified in the above table for the operating system to boot. With the exception of DOS 6.22 (or earlier), partitions beyond 8 GB are visible to the current operating system. For more information, see "Understanding the BIOS 1,024 Cylinder (8 GB) Limit" and "Understanding the 2 GB Boot Code Boundary" in Help. The disk map in the PartitionMagic main window displays indicators for the 2 GB boot boundary and the 1024 cylinder limit. PartitionMagic displays a warning if you attempt to create, move, or resize a bootable partition outside of the 2 GB boot code boundary. If you continue with the operation, under some operating systems you may not be able to boot or see the partition. In either case, you can resolve the problem by moving the partition back within the boot code boundary with the PartitionMagic rescue disks. If your system includes SCSI disks and you create a partition before a bootable Linux partition, Linux may no longer be bootable. In this situation, you may need to create Linux rescue disks, boot from the rescue disks, and repair the Linux boot information on the Linux partition. Some I/O cards (typically older RAID cards) only provide access to the first 8 GB of a disk under DOS. Consequently, if you resize the operating system partition beyond 8 GB and it becomes unbootable, the PartitionMagic rescue disks may not allow you to manipulate partitions on that drive. You should be cautious about resizing any operating system partition beyond 8 GB. Installing a New Operating System If you install multiple operating systems, you must follow the steps below for each of them. 1 Disable BootMagic if you have it installed. See "Disabling BootMagic" on page 99. 2 Create PartitionMagic rescue disks. See "Creating Rescue Disks" on page 5. 3 Make a new partition and set it active (if you are installing Linux to a primary partition [Linux Ext2/Ext3], then it is necessary to set the partition active; however, it is not necessary to set the partition active if you are installing Linux to the first logical partition on the hard disk.) See "Setting an Active Partition" on page 65. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 39 Most operating systems must be installed on primary partitions. See "Creating Bootable Partitions" on page 38 for exceptions. If you are not certain that the partition where you want to install the operating system will support an operating system, you should create a new operating system partition using the wizard. See "Install Another Operating System Wizard" on page 81. 4 Close all programs and reboot the computer using an operating system installation diskette. 5 Install the operating system. PowerQuest technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating system documentation for details. 6 If you have already installed BootMagic, use the PartitionMagic rescue disks to set the partition active where BootMagic is installed. If you have not installed BootMagic, use the PartitionMagic rescue disks to set the operating system partition active for where you want BootMagic installed. Then install BootMagic. 7 (If applicable) With BootMagic installed, add the operating system to your BootMagic configuration so that you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more information about BootMagic, see "PowerQuest BootMagic" on page 89. 8 Reboot the computer. Scenario 1: Creating a Primary Partition for Windows NT Sample System Configuration One 4 GB hard disk with one active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98. Objective Resize drive C: smaller. In the unallocated space created, create a primary FAT partition where Windows NT can be installed. 40 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions Procedure 1 Resize drive C: smaller by 1.5 GB. For more information, see "Resizing and Moving Partitions" on page 29. The partition where you want to install Windows NT must begin in the first 2 GB of the disk, or Windows NT will not be bootable. You may need to move your existing partition to the end of the disk, then create the Windows NT partition at the beginning of the disk. 2 Create a primary partition in the unallocated space using the following information: Partition Type: Select FAT. Do not select FAT32 unless you are using Windows 2000 or later. Earlier versions do not recognize FAT32 partitions. Label: Type one, if desired. Size: Type 1500. IMPORTANT! Before performing the next step, make sure you have the Windows NT installation CD and disks; otherwise, you will not be able to boot your computer. 3 Set the new partition active. For more information, see "Setting an Active Partition" on page 65. 4 Apply the changes to your system. IMPORTANT! Before installing Windows NT, make sure that all partitions start before the 4 GB mark and end prior to cylinder 1024 (8 GB). Otherwise, Windows NT will not install and will report that all the partitions are corrupted. If you cannot resize and move all partitions, you must obtain updated drivers from Microsoft (see article ID: Q197667 on the Microsoft web site). 5 Reboot the computer using the first Windows NT installation diskette. 6 Complete the Windows NT installation. PowerQuest technical support does not help install operating systems. See your operating system documentation for details. 7 Add Windows NT to your BootMagic configuration so that each time you start or restart your computer, you can select the operating system you want to boot. For more information, see "PowerQuest BootMagic" on page 89. PowerQuest PartitionMagic 41 Result When the computer restarts, BootMagic presents a list of the available operating systems, in this case, Windows 98 and Windows NT. Select the operating system you want to boot. Scenario 2: Creating a Logical Partition on a Secondary Hard Disk Sample System Configuration Disk 1 -- One 4 GB disk containing: · One active primary FAT32 partition (C:) running Windows 98. · One extended partition enclosing one logical FAT partition (E:). Disk 2 -- One 4 GB hard disk containing: · One FAT32 primary partition (D:). · Unallocated space. One CD-ROM drive (F:). Objective Create a logical FAT partition on Disk 2. Procedure 1 Select Disk 2. 2 Create a logical partition in the unallocated space using the following information: Partition Type: Select FAT. Label: Type one, if desired. Size: Accept the precalculated size. 42 Chapter 3: Managing Partitions