User manual QUANTUM STT220000NX

............................... STT20000N, STT20000N-C ............................... SCSI Minicartridge Drives ............................... (standard and NS-20 versions) ............................... ............................... Product Manual ............................... © 1998 Seagate Technology, Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Seagate Technology, Inc. Publication Number 10005135-001, March 1998 Seagate, Seagate Technology, the Seagate logo and Sidewinder are trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology, Inc. Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. Seagate Technology provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this manual. FCC Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used properly--that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions--may cause interference to radio communications or radio and television reception. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: · · · Reorient the receiving antenna. Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver. Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits. If necessary, you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful: How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems This booklet (Stock No. 004-000-00345-4) is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Caution. Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not been expressly approved by Seagate Technology may cause radio and television interference problems that could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Further, this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme au Règlement sur brouillage radioélectrique, C. R. C., ch. 1374. Additional warnings: · To prevent fire or electrical shock hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or moisture. · To avoid electrical shock, do not open the cabinet. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. Important Information About This Manual All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary by Seagate Technology. By accepting this material, the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and will not be used, reproduced in whole or in part, nor its contents revealed to others, except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered. It is understood that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate any item herein disclosed without express written permission from Seagate Technology. Seagate Technology provides this manual "as is," without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Seagate Technology reserves the right to change, without notification, the specifications contained in this manual. Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, sufficiency, or usefulness of this manual, nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this manual. Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 1 Drive overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Features ................................................................................................................. 4 Typical system configurations ................................................................................. 5 Minicartridge technology overview........................................................................... 5 Flash EEPROM ...................................................................................................... 6 Software ................................................................................................................. 6 References ............................................................................................................. 6 About this manual ................................................................................................... 7 Specifications 9 Overview ................................................................................................................ 9 Physical specifications ............................................................................................ 9 Power specifications ............................................................................................. 11 Drive performance specifications .......................................................................... 12 Environmental requirements ................................................................................. 13 Reliability .............................................................................................................. 14 Mean-Time-Between Failures ......................................................................... 14 Mean-Time-To-Repair .................................................................................... 14 Recommended tapes............................................................................................ 15 Regulatory compliance.......................................................................................... 15 Installation 17 Introduction........................................................................................................... 17 Handling guidelines............................................................................................... 17 Installation overview.............................................................................................. 17 Setting jumpers..................................................................................................... 18 SCSI device address jumpers................................................................... 19 Parity ....................................................................................................... 19 SCSI terminator enable ............................................................................ 19 Terminator power ..................................................................................... 20 Installing the drive................................................................................................. 21 Mounting dimensions ............................................................................................ 22 Cabling and connectors ........................................................................................ 23 Electrical characteristics ........................................................................... 24 Single-ended SCSI connector......................................................................... 25 STT20000N Product Manual Page v Table of Contents Drive operation and maintenance 27 Introduction........................................................................................................... 27 Front panel LED operation .................................................................................... 27 Using Travan cartridges ........................................................................................ 28 Loading and unloading tape cartridges............................................................ 28 Setting the write­protect switch ...................................................................... 29 Loading revised firmware from a Seagate firmware cartridge ................................ 29 Drive maintenance ................................................................................................ 30 Caring for tape cartridges ............................................................................... 30 Cleaning the drive read/write head.................................................................. 31 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................... 32 SCSI Interface 33 Introduction........................................................................................................... 33 SCSI-1 interface ................................................................................................... 33 SCSI-1 status codes....................................................................................... 33 SCSI-1 message codes .................................................................................. 34 SCSI-1 commands ......................................................................................... 35 ANSI X3.131 CONFORMANCE STATEMENT (SCSI-1) ....................................... 36 General features............................................................................................. 36 Commands..................................................................................................... 36 Messages....................................................................................................... 37 Vendor-unique commands .............................................................................. 37 SCSI-2 interface ................................................................................................... 37 SCSI-2 status codes....................................................................................... 37 SCSI-2 message codes .................................................................................. 38 SCSI-2 commands ......................................................................................... 38 ANSI X3.T92 conformance statement (SCSI-2) .................................................... 40 SCSI-2 general features ................................................................................. 40 SCSI-2 commands ......................................................................................... 40 SCSI-2 messages........................................................................................... 41 SCSI-2 vendor-unique commands .................................................................. 41 Command set changes to Incorporate RWW and HDC ......................................... 42 Read-While-Write ........................................................................................... 42 Log Sense Write Error Counts page code (02h)........................................ 42 Hardware data compression ........................................................................... 43 Mode Select / Mode Sense Data Compression page code (0Fh) .............. 43 Parameters that control data compression................................................ 44 Page vi STT20000A Product Manual Table of Contents Tape format 45 Introduction........................................................................................................... 45 Tape partitioning ................................................................................................... 45 Track positions ..................................................................................................... 45 Track numbering................................................................................................... 46 Track format ......................................................................................................... 46 Frames........................................................................................................... 46 Blocks ............................................................................................................ 48 Tape reference servo pattern ................................................................................ 48 Write equalization ................................................................................................. 49 Randomization...................................................................................................... 49 Theory of operations 51 Overview .............................................................................................................. 51 Drive configurations .............................................................................................. 51 Block diagrams ..................................................................................................... 51 Mechanics ............................................................................................................ 53 Cartridge load mechanism .............................................................................. 53 Capstan drive motor assembly........................................................................ 53 Chassis .......................................................................................................... 53 Control circuits ...................................................................................................... 53 Head design ......................................................................................................... 54 Flash EEPROM .................................................................................................... 54 Sensors and switches ........................................................................................... 54 Media (Travan minicartridges)............................................................................... 55 Read-While-Write ................................................................................................. 56 ALDC data compression ....................................................................................... 56 Glossary 57 Acronyms and units of measurement 60 Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................. 60 Units of measurement........................................................................................... 62 STT20000N Product Manual Page vii Table of Contents Notes Page viii STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Drive overview 1 The Seagate internal STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive extends the Seagate family of one-inch high, DC2000 drives that feature high performance, high reliability, and quiet operation. The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive transfers data at up to 60 megabytes per minute (Mbtyes/min) without data compression. With optimal system resources available, and with compressible data structures, nominal transfer rates of up to 120 Mbytes/min can be observed using software data compression (assumes 2:1 compression ratio). An additional feature of the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is an option for Read While Write and Hardware data Compression. These features are available on the NS series (STT20000N-C). Highlights of these features are contained in various parts of this Product Description Manual. Optimal system resources include but are not limited to: · · Allocating the maximum amount of the base 640-Kbyte memory available Not using a memory manager program During backup tasks, screen savers can have a negative affect on transfer rates. Note: Data compression is available within the Seagate Backup Exec software package for DOS and Windows and typically provides for a 2:1 compression ratio. The compression ratio is dependent on the specific system and the nature of the files being compressed. Using FastSenseTM, a unique Seagate feature, the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive automatically senses the fastest available data transfer rate of the host system and selects from three discrete speeds: 1,000, 733, or 489 kilobytes/second (Kbyte/sec). This process maximizes system throughput by eliminating tape repositioning, which is typically required when the tape drive operates faster than the host computer. The product is available as an internal device in either a 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch configuration. The internal drive form factors are tailored for easy installation in today's computers, and the full-featured embedded SCSI controller facilitates easy integration into a variety of systems. The drive contains an embedded, single-ended Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) controller that supports SCSI (ANSI X3.131, 1986) and SCSI-2 (ANSI X3.T92). The drive supports numerous popular SCSI controller boards and embedded devices including those from Adaptec and DPT. The drive provides synchronous or asynchronous SCSI and a high speed burst rate of 5 Mbyte/second. STT20000N Product Manual Page 1 Chapter 1 Introduction The drive is equipped with a 512-Kbyte on-drive buffer to facilitate efficient operation. The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive supports the QIC-3220-MC format standard and will provide 10 gigabytes uncompressed storage capacity, 20 gigabytes compressed, with a Travan TR-5 cartridge. The drive will also read tapes conforming to the QIC-3095 standard (TR-4). A precision-burst intelligent positioning system is used to achieve high track densities. The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive conforms to the QIC-3220-MC development standard adopted by Quarter-Inch Cartridge Drive Standards Inc. (QIC). The drive records in a serpentine fashion utilizing a 1,7 RLL (Run Length Limited) data encoding method, and provides for 108 data tracks and one (1) directory track on Travan TR-5 media. The drive offers electronically erasable, programmable, read-only memory (flash EEPROM), which enables qualified Seagate OEMs to download revised firmware to the drive. With the availability of greater capacity disk drives and the growth of small networks, the need for cost-effective, high-capacity SCSI-storage has grown. The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drives are ideal for high-end stand-alone computers, workstations, and small networks. Built using long-wearing materials and custom Large Scale Integration (LSI) components, the drive was engineered for heavy-duty computer applications. Providing carefully controlled tape handling and rapid, smooth operation, the drive design promotes long life for key components such as the motors, drive heads, and the media itself. One major benefit of this new, computer grade engineering is low power consumption. Figure 1-1 illustrates the internal drive in 3.5-inch configuration. Figure 1-2 illustrates the internal drive in 5.25-inch configuration (with mounting brackets). Page 2 STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Figure 1-1 STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive (3.5-inch mounting configuration) Chapter 1 Figure 1-2 STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive with mounting brackets (5.25-inch mounting configuration) STT20000N Product Manual Page 3 Chapter 1 Introduction Features The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive embodies Seagate 's commitment to engineer reliable and durable tape drive products. In summary form, key features of the drive are as follows: · · · · · · · · · · Internal form factor for installation in a 5.25-inch half-high or 3.5-inch by oneinch space Capability to write and read Travan TR-5 (QIC-3220-MC) QIC-3220-MC tape format compliance for compatibility and information interchange Typical uncompressed capacities of up to 10 gigabytes on 740 foot TR-5 media Typical compressed capacities of up to 20 gigabytes on 740 foot TR-5 media Transfer rate optimized with FastSenseTM--automatic selection of fastest supportable data transfer rate (1,000, 733, or 489 Kbyte/sec) Single-ended SCSI connection with these features: Embedded full LSI, high speed SCSI controller Software selectable synchronous or asynchronous SCSI data transfer High performance SCSI burst transfer rate of 5 Mbyte/sec with 512 Kbyte (2 Mbyte on the STT20000N-C NS-20 drive) on-drive data buffer to facilitate the most efficient use of the host computer and tape drive Reed-Solomon ECC (error correction code) with un-correctable error rate of less 15 than 1 in 10 bits Flash EEPROM to enable electrically upgradable drive firmware Custom Seagate -designed LSI circuitry to reduce component count and boost drive reliability Low power consumption- less than 15.0 Watts (typical) for internal drives Extensive set of motion commands that enables the drive to support either streaming or file-oriented dump and restore modes Compatibility with a wide range of PCs · · · · · · Page 4 STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 Typical system configurations The SCSI standard supports up to eight SCSI addresses or IDs. These IDs refer to host adapters or peripheral devices such as printers, magnetic disks, or tape drives. The eight devices or hosts are daisy chained together. Figure 1-3 shows sample configurations of SCSI systems. Figure 1-3 SCSI system--sample configurations COMPUTER SYSTEM HOST ADAPTER SCSI BUS SCSI TAPE DRIVE COMPUTER SYSTEM HOST ADAPTER SCSI BUS SCSI TAPE DRIVE SINGLE INITIATOR - SINGLE TARGET MAGNETIC DISC, PRINTER, or OPTICAL DISK MAGNETIC DISC, PRINTER, or OPTICAL DISK MAGNETIC DISC, PRINTER, or OPTICAL DISK COMPUTER SYSTEM HOST ADAPTER SCSI BUS SCSI TAPE DRIVE MAGNETIC DISC, PRINTER, or OPTICAL DISK SINGLE INITIATOR - MULTIPLE TARGET COMPUTER SYSTEM HOST ADAPTER MULTIPLE INITIATOR - MULTIPLE TARGET Minicartridge technology overview Having evolved from the original mass-storage medium--reel-to-reel, 1/2-inch tape storage- the minicartridge technology of today offers fast, efficient, high-capacity storage in a compact, easy-removable hard-shell package. In little more than a decade, storage capacities have increased from some 60 megabytes (Mbyte) on 9 tracks (QIC-24, 1982) to the 20-Gbyte capacity achievable with the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive on a single Travan TR-5 cartridge. The streaming-tape intelligence in this minicartridge drive provides a continuous tape motion with an uninterrupted, precisely coordinated flow of data to and from the minicartridge. This "streaming" motion combined with the "serpentine" recording method is one element that contributes to the increased storage capacities, efficiency, and speed of today's minicartridge technology. Use of the "serpentine" recording method exploits the bi-directional capabilities of the cartridge. With this method, the tape is not rewound at the end of a track. Instead, the write-read heads are logically or mechanically switched to a different position on the tape and another track is written or read in the reverse direction. That is, the drive first records track 1 in one direction and when the end of the tape is reached, the head is moved and the direction of tape motion is reversed to record a second track This serpentine process continues until the entire tape is recorded. The individual tracks are sequential to minimize the amount of head motion as the heads change position for each track. STT20000N Product Manual Page 5 Chapter 1 Introduction Flash EEPROM The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive incorporates leading-edge technology in the flash EEPROM, which is useful should the drive's SCSI firmware need to be upgraded at some point. With the permanently installed electrically up-gradeable flash EEPROM memory, revised SCSI firmware for the drive can be loaded via any one of two methods: · · Seagate OEM firmware cartridge (See Chapter 4) Host SCSI bus This feature enables qualified OEMs needing to revise the drive firmware to do so rapidly and at a reduced cost. Flash EEPROM should also prolong the life cycle of a drive because many new techniques--such as increasing the capacity of the drive through support for longer tapes--may require only a firmware upgrade. Software The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is a cost-effective means of backing up fixed disks. The software required to perform a disk backup runs under the control of the host computer's operating system. Compatibility with a wide range of software is also an important consideration in system integration. The drive requires any one of the following operating environments: DOSTM version 5.0 or later, Microsoft WindowsTM 3.1 or later, Microsoft Windows 95, or Windows NT. The drive operates with many of the popular backup software applications such as Seagate 's Backup Exec for DOS and Windows, Windows 95, Netware, or Windows NT. References The following standards documents describe some of the technology incorporated in the drives referenced in this manual. · · · · · · · QIC-121--Implementation of Small Computer System Interface (SCSI-2) for QIC-Compatible Sequential Storage Devices QIC-104-- Implementation of Small Computer System Interface for QICCompatible Sequential Storage Devices ANSI X3.127-1987--Unrecorded Magnetic Tape Minicartridge for Information Exchange: 0.250-inch. ANSI X3T9.2/86-109--Specifies the Small Computer System Interface-2 (SCSI-2). QIC-170--Preformatted magnetic minicartridge QIC-3095-MC--Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge QIC-3220-MC--Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge Page 6 STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 For more information about a particular QIC standard, contact Quarter-Inch Cartridge Standards, Inc., c/o Freeman Associates, 311 East Carrillo Street, Santa Barbara, California 93101. About this manual The remaining chapters and the appendices in this manual are briefly described in the following table. A glossary of terms is also included. Number 2 Title Specifications Description Contains physical, performance, environmental, power, and reliability specifications for the drive and minicartridges. Provides cautions, unpacking tips, inspection information, and installation/connection steps including cabling requirements and connector pinouts. Explains drive operation, maintenance and troubleshooting Lists general information about the SCSI interface. (See Note below.) Provides an overview of the QIC3220-MC tape format. Details the functional operation of various assemblies of the SCSI drive. Defines key terms. Lists the acronyms and measurements used in the manual. 3 Installation 4 Drive operation 5 SCSI interface 6 Tape format 7 Theory of operation Appendix A Glossary Appendix B Acronyms and Measurements Note: This manual provides all technical information about the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive for hardware and software development and integration except complete SCSI information on the SCSI commands themselves. Refer to the SCSI Minicartridge Drive SCSI Manual (P/N 10001652-002) for detailed information about the SCSI interface, including a complete command summary. STT20000N Product Manual Page 7 Chapter 1 Introduction Notes Page 8 STT20000A Product Manual Specifications Chapter 2 Specifications Overview 2 Physical specifications Power requirements Drive performance specifications Environmental requirements Recommended tapes Tape capacities and formats Regulatory compliance The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive provides exceptional reliability in storing large amounts of computer data. This chapter includes the following specifications and requirements: · · · · · · · Physical specifications The physical specifications of the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive are listed in the following table. Specification Height Width Length Weight Drive for 3.5-Inch Mount 1.0 in/ 25 mm 4.0 in/102 mm 6.2 in/157.5 mm 1.0 lbs/0.5 kg Drive for 5.25-Inch Mount 1.7 in/ 43 mm 5.87 in/149.1 mm 6.36 in/161.5 mm 1.5 lbs/0.7 kg Figures 2-1 and 2-2 show the general dimensions of the STT20000A in 3.5-inch configuration (without mounting brackets) and in the 5.25-inch configuration (with mounting brackets). STT20000N Product Manual Page 9 Chapter 2 Figure 2-1 STT20000N (3.5-Inch mount)--general dimensions Specifications 4.00 in (101.6 mm) 6.36 in (161.5 mm) 0.157 in (4 mm) 4.00 in (101.6 mm) 1.00 in (25.4 mm) Figure 2-2 STT20000N (5.25-Inch mount)--general dimensions 0.86" (21.8mm) 5.49" (139.4mm) 5.76" (146.4mm) 0.20" (5.0mm) 5.87" (149.0mm) DRIVE ACTIVE (GREEN) 1.685" (42.8mm) Page 10 STT20000A Product Manual Specifications Chapter 2 Power specifications The following table lists the power specifications for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive. (Power specifications are measured at the tape drive power connector and are nominal values.) Specification DC Voltage Voltage Tolerance Operational Current Standby Current Peak Power Sequence Ripple (peak to peak) Power use (nominal) +12 VDC ± 10% 2.0 amps 0.2 amp Measurement +5 VDC ± 5% 1.0 amp 0.6 amp -- None 100 mV < 15 Watts (excluding surge) 2.2 amps max None 100 mV < 15 Watts (excluding surge) The following table lists pin assignments for the power connector for the drive. Pin 1 2 3 4 Assignment +12 VDC +12 return +5 return +5 VDC STT20000N Product Manual Page 11 Chapter 2 Specifications Drive performance specifications The following table lists the performance specifications for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive. Feature Capacity Specification 10.0 gigabytes--1650 Oe 740' Travan cartridge (uncompressed) 20.0 gigabytes--1650 Oe 740' Travan cartridge (compressed) up to 60 Mbyte/min typical native; up to 120 Mbyte/min typical compressed 489 / 733 / 1,000 Kbyte/second FastSense TM Effective backup rate Data transfer rate Tape speed Read/Write Search/Rewind Recording method Recording format Recording code Error recovery 46,70, or 94 ips 90 ips maximum Serpentine QIC-3220-MC 1,7 RLL Reed Solomon ECC Recording unrecoverable Less than 1 in 1015 data bits errors Head configuration Recording media Cartridge size Data density Tracks Synchronous transfer rate (burst) Asynchronous transfer rate (burst) Wide write/narrow read 1650 Oe 740' Travan TR-5 3.2 in. x 2.4 in. x 0.4 in. (81 mm x 61 mm) 100,400 bpi 108 data tracks, one (1) directory track 5 Mbytes/second maximum 5 Mbytes/second maximum Page 12 STT20000A Product Manual