User manual RADIOSHACK DX-398

OWNER'S MANUAL Cat. No. 20-228 DX-398 All-Band Shortwave Receiver with Radio Data System Please read before using this equipment. FEATURES Your RadioShack DX-398 All-Band Shortwave Receiver with Radio Data System brings you the voices of the world. In the 14 international shortwave (SW) bands, you can hear news broadcasts and other programs from sources around the world, such as the British Broadcasting Corporation, Radio Cairo, and Radio Beijing. You can set your receiver so it displays Radio Data System (RDS) call letters of those stations that transmit an RDS signal. You can get emergency information firsthand by listening to amateur radio broadcasts, including single sideband (SSB) voice transmissions. In the longwave (LW) band, you can hear ship-to-shore calls, other marine and aeronautical services, and sometimes even hurricane reports. You can also tune to local broadcasts in the FM and medium-wave (MW) bands. (In the United States, we commonly call the MW band the AM band.) In addition, you can connect a cassette recorder to the receiver's record line out and standby jacks so you can directly record your favorite programs live or at a preset time. Your receiver's features include: Digital Synthesized Radio -- ensures accurate, stable tuning. Large, Fast-Response Display -- shows the time, band and frequency, signal strength, and other indicators. 212 Preprogrammed Shortwave Stations -- let you rapidly tune to the most popular U.S. and international shortwave stations. Three Timer Alarms -- let you set the buzzer to sound or the radio to turn on daily at up to three specified times. Record Line Out and Standby Jacks -- let you connect a tape recorder so you can record broadcasts live or at a preset time. Dual Time -- includes a primary and a secondary clock, so you can set one to your local time and the other to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time -- formerly known as Greenwich Mean Time) or to the local time of a city in another time zone. World Time Zone -- provides the correct time for 42 cities worldwide, once you set your local time. Search Tuning -- scans up or down the band for the next station. Memory Tuning -- stores up to 306 frequencies so you can quickly select your favorite stations. Priority Button -- lets you quickly store and recall your favorite station. © 1997, 1999 Tandy Corporation. All Rights Reserved. RadioShack is a registered trademark used by Tandy Corporation. 2 Auto Tuning System (ATS) -- the receiver finds the stations with strong signals and stores them in memory in order by signal strength. Rotary Tuning Dial -- lets you manually tune desired frequencies. You can select a higher tuning increment for faster tuning or a lower one for fine tuning, or lock the dial to prevent accidentally changing the tuned frequency. Memory Lock -- prevents accidental frequency changes. Control Lock -- prevents accidental setting changes. Sleep Timer -- lets you set the receiver so it turns itself off after a length of time you set, so you can fall asleep as you listen to it. MW Step Setting -- lets you easily change the frequency step setting to match the MW (AM) broadcast frequency step used by many other countries. RF Gain Control -- lets you adjust the receiver's sensitivity when you listen to SW/LW/MW broadcasts, to provide the best possible reception. Narrow/Wide Control -- lets you reduce interference from adjacent stations when you listen to SW, MW (AM), and LW broadcasts. Page Memory Location -- lets you store and select frequencies in storage locations called pages. You can store and select up to nine MW/FM frequencies in two pages, nine LW frequencies in one page, and 261 SW frequencies in 29 pages. Edit -- lets you create and edit station names for FM/MW/LW bands, page names for SW bands, and home/world city names for easy identification. Tone Control -- lets you adjust the tone setting for different types of broadcasts such as news, music, and so on. Battery Power/Signal Strength Indicator -- displays the battery's power and the strength of the received signal. Memo Label -- lets you record helpful information such as the memory location numbers of your favorite stations. Three Power Options -- let you power the receiver from internal batteries, standard AC power (with an optional AC adapter), or your vehicle's battery (with an optional DC cigarette lighter adapter). 3 Your receiver is preset to cover the following bands: Band (Meters) Frequency Range (MHz) THE FCC WANTS YOU TO KNOW This equipment complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Your receiver might cause TV or radio interference even when it is operating properly. To determine whether your receiver is causing the interference, turn it off. If the interference goes away, your receiver is causing it. Try to eliminate the interference by: · moving your receiver away from the TV or radio · connecting your receiver to an outlet that is on a different electrical circuit from the TV or radio · contacting your local RadioShack store for help If you cannot eliminate the interference, the FCC requires that you stop using your receiver. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by RadioShack could void the user's FCC authorization to operate this equipment. 120 ................................ 2.300­2.495 90 .................................. 3.200­3.400 75 .................................. 3.900­4.000 60 .................................. 4.750­5.060 49 .................................. 5.900­6.200 41 .................................. 7.100­7.350 31 .................................. 9.400­9.990 25 .............................. 11.600­12.100 21 .............................. 13.500­13.870 19 .............................. 15.100­15.800 16 .............................. 17.480­17.900 15 .............................. 18.900­19.020 13 .............................. 21.450­21.750 11 .............................. 25.600­26.100 4 CONTENTS Preparation ........................................................................................................... 7 Connecting to Power ....................................................................................... 7 Installing Internal Batteries ....................................................................... 7 Using Standard AC Power ........................................................................ 7 Using Vehicle Battery Power ..................................................................... 8 Adjusting the Telescoping Antenna ................................................................. 9 Connecting an External Antenna .................................................................... 9 Connecting Headphones .............................................................................. 10 Listening Safely ...................................................................................... 10 Traffic Safety ........................................................................................... 10 Connecting a Tape Recorder ........................................................................ 10 Using the Stand ............................................................................................ 11 Using the Memo Label .................................................................................. 12 Setting the MW (AM) Tuning Increment ........................................................ 12 Understanding Your Receiver .......................................................................... 13 Basic Operation ................................................................................................. Turning the Receiver On and Off ................................................................... Lighting the Display ....................................................................................... Locking the Controls ..................................................................................... Setting and Viewing the Local Time .............................................................. Viewing a World Time ................................................................................... Changing a World City Name ........................................................................ Tuning Stations .............................................................................................. Selecting a Band .................................................................................... Manual Tuning ........................................................................................ Direct Access Tuning .............................................................................. Scan Tuning ............................................................................................ Tuning Preprogrammed Shortwave Stations ................................................. DX-398 Shortwave Pages Chart ................................................................... Adjusting the Tone ......................................................................................... Special Tuning Controls ................................................................................ STEREO/MONO-FM .............................................................................. WIDE/NARR.-AM ................................................................................... AM RF GAIN ........................................................................................... Tuning SSB Stations ..................................................................................... Using RDS .................................................................................................... 15 15 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 20 21 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 5 Memory Functions ............................................................................................. Storing FM, MW, or LW Frequencies in Memory ........................................... Automatic Storage ................................................................................... Manual Storage ....................................................................................... Storing SW Frequencies in Memory .............................................................. Assigning a Name to an FM/MW/LW Station or SW Page ............................ Deleting a Station You Stored ........................................................................ Locking/Unlocking a Stored Station ............................................................... Moving a Frequency to Another Memory Location ........................................ Using Priority ................................................................................................. Timer Functions ................................................................................................. Using the Timer Alarms ................................................................................. Setting an Alarm ..................................................................................... Silencing the Alarm ................................................................................. Using the Snooze Feature ...................................................................... Turning a Timer Alarm On or Off ............................................................. Timer Recording ..................................................................................... Using the Sleep Timer ................................................................................... Listening Hints ................................................................................................... Reference Sources ........................................................................................ Frequency Conversion ................................................................................... Band Allocation .............................................................................................. Amateur Radio Frequencies ................................................................... International Frequencies ........................................................................ Aircraft Frequencies ................................................................................ Ships and Coastal Station Frequencies .................................................. Time Standard Frequencies .................................................................... Longwave Band ....................................................................................... Listening Guide .................................................................................................. Birdies ............................................................................................................ Amateur Shortwave Bands in the US ............................................................ Amateur Shortwave Bands (in MHz) ....................................................... 27 27 27 27 28 29 30 30 30 31 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 34 34 35 36 36 36 36 37 41 41 42 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................. 43 Care and Maintenance ....................................................................................... 44 Resetting the Display ..................................................................................... 45 Specifications ..................................................................................................... 46 6 PREPARATION CONNECTING TO POWER You can power the receiver from internal batteries, standard AC power, or your vehicle's battery. 2. Slide four AA batteries into the compartment on top of the lift-out ribbon, according to the polarity symbols (+ and ­) marked next to the compartment. 3. Replace the cover. Cautions: Installing Internal Batteries You can use four AA batteries (not supplied) to power the receiver. For the best performance and longest life, we recommend alkaline batteries, available at your local RadioShack store. Cautions: · Always use fresh batteries of the required size and type. · Do not mix old and new batteries or different types of batteries (standard or alkaline). Follow these steps to install the batteries. · If you will not be using the receiver with battery power for several months, remove the batteries. · Dispose of old batteries promptly and properly. Using Standard AC Power To power the receiver from standard AC power, you need an optional AC adapter, such as Cat. No. 273-1662. Note: Connecting an AC adapter disconnects internal batteries. Caution: You must use a Class 2 power source that supplies 6 volts DC and delivers at least 300 mA. Its center tip must be set to negative and its plug must fit the receiver's DC IN 6V jack. The recommended adapter meets these specifications. Using an adapter that does not meet these specifications could damage the receiver or the adapter. ! 1. Remove the battery compartment's cover by sliding the cover in the direction of the arrow on the cover's tab. 7 · When you finish using the AC adapter, unplug it from the AC outlet first, then disconnect it from the receiver. Follow these steps to use AC power. Caution: You must use a DC cigarette lighter adapter that supplies 6 volts DC and delivers at least 300 mA. Its center tip must be set to negative and its plug must fit the receiver's DC IN 6V jack. The recommended DC cigarette lighter adapter meets these specifications. Using an adapter that does not meet these specifications could damage the receiver or the adapter. ! 1. Set the adapter's voltage switch to 6V. 2. Line up the 5.5 mm outer diameter/2.1 mm inner diameter barrel plug with the adapter's socket so it reads ­TIP and insert , the plug into the socket. 3. Insert the barrel plug into the receiver's DC IN 6V jack. 4. Plug the adapter into a standard AC outlet. Caution: Always plug the DC cigarette lighter adapter into the receiver before you plug it into your vehicle's cigarette-lighter socket. Always unplug the adapter from the vehicle's cigarette-lighter socket before you unplug it from the receiver. Follow these steps to power the receiver from your vehicle's battery. Using Vehicle Battery Power To power the receiver from your vehicle's battery, you need an optional DC cigarette lighter adapter, such as Cat. No. 273-1802. 1. Set the DC cigarette lighter adapter's voltage switch to 6V. 8 2. Insert the adapter's barrel plug into the receiver's DC IN 6V jack. 3. Push the adapter's plug into the vehicle's cigarette-lighter socket. SW -- Pull up the antenna base then fully extend the antenna and point it straight up. ADJUSTING THE TELESCOPING ANTENNA For the best reception, adjust the telescoping antenna for the desired band. FM -- Pull up the antenna base about halfway then fully extend the antenna and rotate it for the best reception. CONNECTING AN EXTERNAL ANTENNA To improve SW/MW/LW reception, you can connect an optional external antenna (such as Cat. No. 20-181) directly to the AM EXT ANT jack on the left side of the receiver. This automatically disconnects the receiver's built-in antenna. LW and MW (AM) -- Rotate the receiver. The receiver uses a built-in antenna for these bands. Follow the antenna's supplied instructions to connect it to the receiver. 9 CONNECTING HEADPHONES For private listening and for stereo sound during FM stereo broadcasts, you can plug optional stereo headphones with a 1/8-inch (3.5 mm) plug (available at your local RadioShack store) into the jack on the left side of the receiver. This automatically disconnects the internal speaker. · Once you set the volume, do not increase it. Over time, your ears adapt to the volume level, so a volume level that does not cause discomfort might still damage your hearing. Traffic Safety Do not use headphones with your receiver when operating a motor vehicle or riding a bicycle in or near traffic. Doing so can create a traffic hazard and could be illegal in some areas. If you use headphones with your receiver, be very careful. Do not listen to a continuous broadcast. Even though some headphones let you hear some outside sounds when listening at normal volume levels, they still can present a traffic hazard. When you connect stereo headphones and tune to a stereo broadcast, ST appears on the display. Listening Safely To protect your hearing, follow these guidelines when you use headphones. · Do not listen at extremely high volume levels. Extended high-volume listening can lead to permanent hearing loss. · Set the volume to the lowest setting before you begin listening. After you begin listening, adjust the volume to a comfortable level. CONNECTING A TAPE RECORDER You can connect an optional tape recorder to your receiver's REC LINE OUT jack to record transmissions. The recorder must have a line level input jack. Note: If you use a recorder's MIC IN jack to connect to the receiver, the sound will be distorted. 10 To connect a tape recorder, you need a mono patch cord (not supplied) with a 1/8-inch (3.5 mm) plug on both ends. Your local RadioShack store carries a wide selection of mono patch cords. Insert the cord's plug into the REC LINE OUT jack on the left side of the receiver, then connect the other end of the cord to your tape recorder's LINE IN jack. Connect one end of the cord to the REC STANDBY jack, then connect the other end to your recorder's STANDBY IN or REMOTE IN jack. Then see "Timer Recording" on Page 33 for more information about using the receiver's timers to record. USING THE STAND Follow the instructions provided with your tape recorder to record transmissions from the receiver. Note: When you connect a tape recorder, the receiver's built-in speaker continues to work. The REC STANDBY jack on the left side of the receiver lets you record a broadcast at a preset time. To connect a tape recorder to the receiver's REC STANDBY jack, you need a mono patch cord (not supplied) with a 3/32-inch (2.3 mm) plug. And, your tape recorder must have a STANDBY IN or REMOTE IN jack rated at no more than 20V, 150mA. You can position the receiver more securely and possibly improve the sound by resting the receiver on its stand. Lift the latch on the back of the receiver to open the stand. 11 USING THE MEMO LABEL You can use the memo label under the receiver's stand to record helpful information, such as the memory location numbers of your favorite stations. If you are in a country where the AM frequency increments are 9 kHz, set MW-STEP to 9k. SETTING THE MW (AM) TUNING INCREMENT In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigns frequencies for stations in the MW band in 10-kHz increments. (In the United States, we commonly call the MW band the AM band.) In Europe and some other parts of the world, MW frequencies are assigned in 9-kHz increments. MW-STEP on the right side of the receiver is preset to 10k for use in the United States, Canada, and many South American countries. Depending on the country you are in, you might have to change the frequency step. 12 UNDERSTANDING YOUR RECEIVER Once you understand a few simple terms we use in this manual and familiarize yourself with your receiver's features, you can start using your receiver to listen to the world! POWER -- turns the receiver on and off. -- turns on the display light for about 12 seconds (if you installed batteries) or until you press again. -- displays the time in your area using Daylight Saving Time. SET -- lets you set the time. STEP -- sets the tuning range for manual tuning (see "Direct Access Tuning" on Page 19). ATS/FM -- selects the FM band and lets you select FM stations using your receiv- er's automatic tuning system (ATS). ATS/LW -- selects the LW (longwave) band and lets you select LW stations using your receiver's automatic tuning system. 13 ATS/MW -- selects the MW (medium wave) band and lets you select MW stations using your receiver's automatic tuning system. METER/SW -- selects the SW (shortwave) band, and lets you scan for a shortwave frequency in one of the receiver's 14 meter bands. Number Keys -- each key has a single-digit label and a band range. The single digits are used to enter a channel, frequency, or ID number. The band range (120m, for example) indicates the shortwave band you can tune by pressing that key. · -- enters a decimal point or clears an incorrect entry. C (cancel) -- cancels an entry. F/FREQ (frequency) -- lets you tune a frequency directly. M/MEM -- stores frequencies into memory. ENTER -- enters a frequency. TIMER 1, TIMER 2, TIMER 3 -- let you select any of the receiver's three timers. WORLD/HOME -- lets you select the time you want to display (world time or your home time). AM MODE -- lets you set up the alarm timer. M -- lets you lock out selected frequencies. EDIT -- lets you assign a name for each FM, MW, or LW station or for each page where you stored an SW station. PAGE -- lets you select either of the receiver's memory pages (see "Memory Functions" on Page 27). PRIORITY -- tunes to the priority station you set. TUNING / -- tunes up or down the band you selected. 14 BASIC OPERATION TURNING THE RECEIVER ON AND OFF Press POWER to turn on the receiver, then adjust VOLUME to a comfortable listening level. Fresh batteries show a power level of 10. If the indicator shows a power level of 3 or below or BATT LOW flashes, replace all of the batteries. Press POWER again to turn off the receiver. LIGHTING THE DISPLAY Press to light the display in lowlight situations. The display shows the band, frequency, time, and signal strength (with 10 as the strongest signal). Notes: · If you use battery power, the light automatically turns off after 12 seconds to save battery power. · If you use AC or DC power, the light stays on while the receiver is on. You must turn off the receiver to turn off the light. When you press POWER to turn off the receiver, the battery power indicator appears on the display for several seconds. LOCKING THE CONTROLS The lock feature prevents you from accidentally turning the receiver on or off, changing the band or frequency, or using the front panel buttons. 15 Press M to lock all the front panel buttons and ROTARY TUNING. appears. The clock display shows a random time when you install batteries. Follow these steps to set the local time in the 24-hour format (0:00 ­ 23:59). 1. Repeatedly press WORLD/HOME until HOME flashes. 2. Rotate MANUAL TUNING until the name of your city (or a city in the same time zone) appears, then press ENTER . The receiver beeps and the city's name appears for 2 seconds then disappears. HOME and the time appear on the display. 3. Press SET. HOME flashes. You can still adjust VOLUME, TONE, and other controls. To unlock the buttons, press M again. disappears. SETTING AND VIEWING THE LOCAL TIME Your receiver has two clocks. One displays your local time and the other lets you display the time in any of 42 preset world cities or a world city you specify. Once you set your local time, the receiver automatically calculates the correct time in each of the preset world cities or a world city that you specify and lets you select and display that time. The time zone map on the back of the receiver shows the difference in hours between UTC (Universal Time Coordinate -- formerly called Greenwich Mean Time) and each time zone. To determine your local time from UTC, add or subtract the specified number from UTC time. During Daylight Saving Time, add one more hour. 16 4. While HOME flashes, use the number buttons to enter the correct time. Notes: · If HOME stops flashing before you press a number button, start again at Step 3. · Do not precede single-digit hours with a 0. For example, enter 930 for 9:30 AM. · If you make a mistake, press C to erase the last digit, then enter the correct digit. · If you enter an invalid time, the clock beeps twice and E (error) appears for about 1 second. Repeat Steps 3­4 to enter the correct time. 5. Press ENTER . The time you set appears, and the seconds start counting from 0. Note: The receiver does not display the seconds. CHANGING A WORLD CITY NAME You can change the name of any of the preprogrammed world cities to a name you choose, then save the new name in the receiver's memory. 1. Repeatedly press WORLD/HOME until HOME flashes. 2. Turn MANUAL TUNING to select a city in the same time zone as the city you want to change. 3. Press EDIT. The first character of the city's name flashes. 4. Turn MANUAL TUNING to select the desired character. 5. When the character you want appears, press TUNING to move to the next position, then turn MANUAL TUNING to enter the next character (up to 8 characters). Note: If you want to correct a character you entered, press TUNING to move back to it. 6. Press ENTER . The receiver stores the name of the world city you entered. VIEWING A WORLD TIME Important: You need to set your local time before following these steps. See "Setting and Viewing the Local Time" on Page 16. 1. Repeatedly press WORLD/HOME until WORLD flashes. 2. Rotate MANUAL TUNING until the name of the world city (or a city in the same time zone) appears. The current time in that city appears on the display. 3. To save the displayed city as your world city, press ENTER . WORLD stops flashing. Then, the world city's name disappears from the display within 2 seconds. 4. To return to your home time, repeatedly press WORLD/HOME until HOME flashes. Your home city's name and the time in that city appear. 5. Press ENTER flashing. . HOME stops 17 TUNING STATIONS Note: "Special Tuning Controls" on Page 24 contains more information about using your receiver's controls. Manual Tuning You can select a lower or higher frequency by pressing TUNING or . The frequency changes in the following increments. Band FM LW MW SW Tuning Increment 0.1 MHz 9 kHz 9 or 10 kHz 0.005 MHz Selecting a Band You can also select a higher or lower frequency by turning MANUAL TUNING. Press ATS/FM, ATS/LW, ATS/MW, or METER/SW to select the band. (Press ATS/MW for AM.) To select a smaller band within the SW band, press METER/SW again. When m flashes on the right side of the display, enter the desired band by pressing its labeled key on the keypad. For example, to select the 75 meter shortwave band, press 3. As you turn MANUAL TUNING, you might find that you need the frequencies to change more slowly. To change how quickly the frequencies change as you rotate the knob, repeatedly press STEP on the front of the receiver so the arrow on the right side of the display points to FAST or SLOW. 18 If you set STEP to FAST, the tuning increments are the same as when you press TUNING or . If you select SLOW, the tuning increments are smaller so you can fine tune the frequency. Band FM LW MW SW AM Mode set to USB or LSB Fast 0.1 MHz 9 kHz 9/10 kHz 5 kHz 1 kHz Slow 0.05 MHz 1 kHz 1 kHz 1 kHz 40 Hz 1. Press F/FREQ. The frequency display disappears and FREQ flashes for about 30 seconds. 2. Use the number keys and · to enter the frequency, then press ENTER . Notes: · If you wait more than 30 seconds to press a button, the previous frequency returns to the display. Begin again at Step 1. · If you make a mistake, press C (cancel) to erase the last digit, then enter the correct digit. Note: You can tune standard AM, upper sideband (USB), and lower sideband (LSB) frequencies. For more information, see "Tuning SSB Stations" on Page 25. If you set STEP to STOP, turning MANUAL TUNING has no effect at all, so you cannot accidentally change the frequency. Note: Setting STEP to STOP locks only MANUAL TUNING. For information about locking the front panel buttons, see "Locking the Controls" on Page 15. Scan Tuning To automatically tune up or down to the next active frequency in the selected band, hold down TUNING or for about 1 second. The receiver scans up or down the selected band and tunes to the first frequency it finds with a strong signal. To scan for an SW (shortwave) frequency in one of the 14 meter bands, press SW, press the number button with the meter range you want to scan, then press TUNING or to scan the band. Direct Access Tuning Follow these steps if you know a station's frequency and want to directly tune to that station. 19 Notes: · When scanning, the receiver only searches for frequencies with strong signals. To search for stations with weaker signals, use one of the manual tuning methods. · When scanning in a lower band, the receiver searches only within the selected band and stops at the upper and lower limits of the band. · Your receiver shows the shortwave bands you can receive on the bottom of the display. memory locations. See "Storing SW Frequencies in Memory" on Page 28 for more information. · International commercial broadcast programs (often in English) usually contain news, commentaries, music, and special features reflecting the culture of the broadcasting country. Reception for this range is best between 6:00 PM and midnight (your time). Follow these steps to tune preprogrammed shortwave stations. 1. Find the country and frequency for the shortwave station you want to tune in the "DX-398 Shortwave Pages Chart" on Page 21. Then write down the page number and memory location number shown on the chart for that station. 2. Press SW, then press PAGE. TUNING PREPROGRAMMED SHORTWAVE STATIONS Your receiver is preprogrammed with 212 of the most popular worldwide and U.S. shortwave stations. You can quickly tune these popular stations. Notes: · You cannot change the preset shortwave stations stored in your receiver's memory. · You can store shortwave frequencies into the receiver's empty 3. While PAGE is flashing, repeatedly press TUNING or TUNING or turn MANUAL TUNING until the page number you wrote down in Step 1 appears next to PAGE. The name of the broadcaster's country also appears next to PAGE. Then, when you reach the desired page number, press ENTER . 4. Press a number key to enter the memory location number you wrote down in Step 1. The receiver tunes the station. 20 Note: If you press a number key for a memory location number where there is no station stored, MEMOFREE flashes for a few seconds. Then the receiver tunes the station you previously tuned. DX-398 SHORTWAVE PAGES CHART Note: All frequencies are in MHz. Memory Location 1 5.995 2 9.580 3 9.860 4 5 6 7 8 9 Page Country (Stations) 1 AUSTRLIA (Radio Australia) 2 AUSTRIA (Radio Austria) 3 CANADA Radio Canada Intl.) 4 CHINA (China Radio Intl.) 5 CST RICA (Adventist World Radio, Radio for Peace Intl.) 6 CUBA (Radio Habana) 7 ECUADOR (HCJB Voice of Andes) 8 ENGLAND (BBC World Service) 11.800 11.880 13.755 15.365 17.795 17.860 6.015 7.325 9.495 9.655 9.870 13.730 5.960 6.070 6.155 9.625 9.640 9.755 11.855 13.650 13.670 7.405 9.560 9.690 9.710 9.730 11.680 11.695 15.130 5.030 6.150 6.205 USB 7.385 9.725 13.750 15.050 15.460 6.000 6.180 9.505 9.820 9.380 USB 13.715 13.725 USB 5.860 9.445 9.745 11.960 12.005 15.115 15.540 21.455 USB 5.965 5.975 6.175 6.195 9.515 9.590 9.600 9.740 9.915 21 Page Country (Stations) Memory Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 ENGLAND (BBC World Service) 10 FRANCE (Radio France Intl.) 11 GERMANY (Deutsche Welle-Voice of Germany) 11.750 11.835 12.095 15.220 15.400 15.575 17.830 17.840 21.660 11.615 13.625 15.325 15.530 17.620 5.960 6.040 6.085 6.145 6.185 9.515 9.535 9.615 9.640 6.020 12 HOLLAND (Radio Netherlands Wereldomroep) 13 ISRAEL (Kol Israel) 7.465 6.165 9.700 9.720 9.845 9.890 15.315 17.605 9.435 6.110 11.605 12.077 15.615 15.640 6.120 9.535 11.705 11.895 12.000 13.630 5.960 14 JAPAN (Radio Japan/NHK) 15 KOREA N (Radio Pyongyang) 16 KOREA S (Radio Korea Intl.) 17 N ZEALND (Radio New Zealand) 18 NORWAY (Radio Norway Intl.) 19 RUSSIA (Voice of Russia) 6.575 9.975 11.335 13.670 9.650 11.715 13.650 15.575 6.100 9.570 9.700 9.810 9.875 11.735 11.900 11.905 15.115 5.905 7.440 7.465 7.520 9.560 11.840 13.800 15.340 7.125 7.240 7.250 9.665 11.630 11.675 11.750 12.050 15.400 22 Page Country (Station) Memory Location 1 3.220 2 5.955 3 9.530 4 9.675 5 6 7 8 9 20 S AFRICA (Channel Africa) 21 SWEDEN (Radio Sweden) 22 SWITZLND (Swiss Radio Intl.) 23 TAIWAN (Voice of Free China) 24 U.S.A. (Voice of America) 25 U.S.A. (Voice of America, WEWN) 26 U.S.A. (WHRI, WRMI, WRNO) 27 U.S.A. (WSHB) 28 U.S.A. (WWCR, WGTG) 29 (Open) 11.900 15.240 6.065 6.090 7.115 7.290 11.650 13.740 15.240 6.135 9.885 9.905 13.635 5.950 7.130 7.445 9.680 11.740 15.600 17.750 5.985 6.035 6.130 7.405 9.455 9.760 11.695 11.715 15.205 15.410 15.580 17.895 5.825 6.890 7.425 9.455 11.875 13.615 5.745 5.760 6.040 7.315 9.495 13.760 9.955 7.355 7.395 5.850 3.210 6.095 3.215 7.510 5.070 7.535 7.435 9.355 9.475 9.430 11.550 13.770 15.665 9.400 12.160 15.685 5.085 23 ADJUSTING THE TONE jack and setting STEREO/ MONO-FM on the right side of the receiver to STEREO. To improve reception for weak FM stereo stations, set STEREO/MONO-FM to MONO-FM. The sound is no longer in stereo, but the reception should improve. Set TONE to NEWS to enhance broadcast voices while listening to talk shows or news programs on SW, MW, and LW frequencies. Set TONE to MUSIC to enhance treble and bass response when listening to a music program (especially FM programs). Set TONE to NORM to help reduce interference. A strong station that broadcasts close to a frequency you tuned might interfere with that frequency. To reduce interference from adjacent stations in the SW, MW, or LW bands, set WIDE/ NARR.-AM on the right side of the receiver to NARR.-AM. Or, if there is no interference, set it to WIDE for better sound. WIDE/NARR.-AM SPECIAL TUNING CONTROLS STEREO/MONO-FM AM RF GAIN You can receive FM stereo by connecting stereo headphones to the 24 AM RF GAIN on the left side of the re- ceiver lets you tune a received signal for the best SW reception. If the signal is weak, turn AM RF GAIN toward +. If the sound is distorted, turn AM RF GAIN toward ­. TUNING SSB STATIONS SSB (single sideband) is very popular among amateur radio and business radio users because of its superior signal quality. Many amateurs who operate SSB and transmit below 10 MHz generally use LSB (lower sideband), while amateur and commercial stations who transmit above 10 MHz generally use USB (upper sideband). Your receiver receives both USB and LSB transmissions. Follow these steps to receive SSB stations. 1. Select an SW band (see "Selecting a Band" on Page 18). 2. If you know the frequency of an SSB station, enter that frequency. Or, scan the band for SSB stations by slowly rotating MANUAL TUNING, tuning through the selected band until you hear an SSB station. Or, scan the band for USB or LSB stations by holding down TUNING or TUNING for about 2 seconds until you hear an USB or LSB station Note: SSB stations sound distorted when you tune to them in the normal SW band. To help you find SSB stations, watch for deflections on the signal strength indicator. Since SSB is transmitted with a suppressed carrier, the signal strength indicator will move more quickly when there is a transmission and more slowly during pauses in the transmission. 3. When you have located an SSB station, press AM MODE to receive the transmission. Repeatedly press AM MODE to switch between USB or LSB transmissions (try LSB for frequencies below 10 MHz or USB for frequencies above 10 MHz). 4. Set STEP to SLOW then readjust MANUAL TUNING for maximum intelligibility. USING RDS The receiver displays information about FM radio stations that transmit a Radio Data System (RDS) signal. When the receiver receives an RDS station, the station's call letters appear on the display. Also, if the station broadcasts CT (clock time) information, the receiver automatically corrects the displayed time. 25 Follow these steps to use RDS. 1. Turn on the receiver. 2. Tune the receiver to an FM station that transmits RDS (and CT) information. 3. Set TIME SET on the right side of the receiver to AUTO. 4. Make sure that your local time (as described in "Setting and Viewing the Local Time" on Page 16) has been set correctly. (The receiver compares the CT information with your local time to display the correct time at the broadcaster's location). 5. If your time zone is using Daylight Saving Time, repeatedly press until appears. 26 MEMORY FUNCTIONS Besides tuning to the preprogrammed shortwave stations (see "Tuning Preprogrammed Shortwave Stations" on Page 20), you can store and then quickly tune up to 94 frequencies in your receiver's memory locations. The memory locations are grouped into pages (nine memory locations per page). You can store up to 18 FM frequencies (2 pages), 18 MW frequencies (2 pages), and 9 LW frequencies (1 page) into your receiver's FM/MW/LW memory locations. You can store frequencies automatically (see "Automatic Storage") or manually (see "Manual Storage"). Additionally, you can store frequencies into any empty memory location in the receiver's SW memory pages (see "Storing SW Frequencies in Memory" on Page 28). There are 40 empty locations scattered throughout the pages, and all 9 locations in Page 29 are blank. See "DX-398 Shortwave Pages Chart" on Page 21. stations (from strongest to weakest) in the FM, LW, and MW memory locations until all the memory locations are occupied. This feature helps you find local stations in another city by simply pressing a memory location button. Note: You cannot use this feature to store SW stations. To use ATS, hold down ATS/FM, ATS/ LW, or ATS/MW for about 3 seconds. The receiver beeps and the selected band and ATS flash. Then the receiver automatically scans and stores the strongest frequency into the first available memory location. It continues to scan and store frequencies until it fills the nine memory locations in that page. The first stored station appears. Once the receiver has stored nine stations in Page 1, press PAGE to select the next page. Then hold down ATS/FM or ATS/MW again to store the other available frequencies. The receiver beeps when it finishes automatically tuning stations. STORING FM, MW, OR LW FREQUENCIES IN MEMORY Automatic Storage You can set your receiver's automatic tuning system (ATS) so it automatically stores all available FM, LW, and MW Manual Storage 1. Press ATS/FM, ATS/MW, or ATS/LW to select the band where you want to store a frequency. 2. Tune to the frequency you want to store. 27 3. Repeatedly press PAGE to select the page where you want to store the frequency. 1 or 2 appears under PAGE. Notes: · PAGE flashes only when the receiver is set to SW mode. · If you wait more than 10 seconds to press PAGE, PAGE stops flashing. · If you pressed ATS/LW in Step 1, PAGE does not appear because there is only one LW page. 4. Press M/MEM. MEMO flashes for about 12 seconds. The number for the first available empty memory location for the selected page flashes next to MEMO. ING or to select a new frequency, press M/MEM, then press the number key for the memory location. After a few seconds, the receiver beeps and stores the new frequency in the memory location. 5. Press ENTER to store the frequency in the flashing memory location. The receiver beeps and a bracket appears around the memory location number where you stored the frequency, to show that the frequency was stored there. STORING SW FREQUENCIES IN MEMORY Follow these steps to store shortwave frequencies into empty memory locations in the shortwave page. 1. Press METER/SW to select the shortwave band. 2. Tune to the frequency you want to store. The currently selected page number appears under PAGE. 3. Press M/MEM. PAGE and MEMO flash for about 10 seconds. Note: If an empty memory location number does not flash, all memory locations are full in the band you selected. If this happens, clear a memory location (see "Deleting a Station You Stored" on Page 30) then store the frequency. Or, to replace a stored frequency with a new frequency, repeatedly press TUN- 28 4. While PAGE and MEMO flash, repeatedly press TUNING or to select the page where you want to store the frequency. The page's number appears under PAGE and the name of the page's country appears as you . For press TUNING or each page, the number of the first available empty memory location in that page flashes next to MEMO. location for about 2 seconds. The receiver beeps and stores the new frequency in the memory location. ASSIGNING A NAME TO AN FM/MW/LW STATION OR SW PAGE To help you easily identify stored frequencies, you can assign a name (up to 8 characters) to an FM, MW, or LW memory location, or to an SW page. 1. Select a band (see "Selecting a Band" on Page 18). 2. Repeatedly press PAGE to select the page number where you stored the desired frequency. 3. For an FM, MW, or LW station, use the number keys to enter the desired memory location number. 4. Press EDIT. A cursor flashes under the displayed frequency for about 30 seconds. 5. While the cursor flashes, turn MANUAL TUNING until you see the first character you want to use. Note: If you wait more than 10 seconds to press TUNING or , PAGE and MEMO stop flashing. If this happens, start again at Step 3. 5. Press ENTER to assign the frequency to the flashing memory location. The receiver beeps and a bracket appears around the number where you stored the frequency. Notes: · If the receiver's memory is full, MEMOFULL appears when you press a number key. · To replace a frequency you stored with a new frequency, repeatedly press TUNING or TUNING to select a new frequency, press M/MEM, then hold down the number key corresponding to that memory 29 Note: If you wait more than 20 seconds to turn MANUAL TUNING, the cursor stops flashing. If this happens, start again at Step 4. 6. When the character you want appears, press TUNING to move to the next position, then rotate MANUAL TUNING to select the next character. Note: If you want to correct a character you entered, press TUNto move back to it. ING 7. When you have finished entering the name, press ENTER . LOCKING/UNLOCKING A STORED STATION After storing your favorite stations, you can lock any of them in memory. This helps you avoid overwriting the station if you accidentally use the receiver's ATS automatic store feature. To lock or unlock a station, recall the station, press M/MEM then press M . appears (locked) or disappears (unlocked). DELETING A STATION YOU STORED 1. Select a band (see "Selecting a Band" on Page 18). 2. Press ENTER . MOVING A FREQUENCY TO ANOTHER MEMORY LOCATION Note: These steps show you how to move a frequency to another memory location on the same page. To move the frequency to another memory location on a different page, follow the steps in "Storing FM, MW, or LW Frequencies in Memory" on Page 27 or "Storing SW Frequencies in Memory" on Page 28. 1. Select a band (see "Selecting a Band" on Page 18). 2. Recall the memory location number of the frequency you want to move. 3. Press M/MEM. MEMO and the memory location where the station is programmed flash. 3. Repeatedly press PAGE until the page with the desired frequency appears. 4. Use the number keys to enter the memory location number. 5. Press M/MEM. 6. Press C (cancel). 30 4. Use the number keys to enter the new memory location number. The receiver beeps. 3. Press PRIORITY to store the page with the desired station in the priority location. Note: If you previously stored a priority station, pressing PRIORITY replaces it. 4. To tune to the priority station, press PRIORITY. The receiver tunes to the page you selected then to the strongest frequency among the 9 preset stations. Note: If there is a stronger station on the page you selected, the receiver might tune to it instead of the station you selected. 5. Press the memory location number you selected in Step 1 under "Tuning Preprogrammed Shortwave Stations" on Page 20 to tune to the priority station. USING PRIORITY You can store one MW/LW/FM station as the priority station, then quickly recall it. 1. Tune to your favorite station. 2. Press M/MEM. 3. Press PRIORITY to store the station in the priority location. Note: If you previously stored a priority station, pressing PRIORITY replaces it. 4. To tune to the priority station, press PRIORITY. The receiver tunes to the priority station. The receiver stores a SW priority station differently than an MW/LW/FM station. It stores a page containing 9 stations (including the SW station you want to store as the priority station) in a memory location. 1. Use the steps under "Tuning Preprogrammed Shortwave Stations" on Page 20 to tune to the page where you stored your favorite shortwave station. 2. Press M/MEM to store the page containing the desired station. 31 TIMER FUNCTIONS USING THE TIMER ALARMS Your receiver has three timer alarms. You can set these alarms to sound (buzzer or radio) at a time you set. Silencing the Alarm When the display shows the alarm time, the radio turns on or the buzzer sounds and TIMER , 1, 2, or 3, and or flash on the display. If you selected the buzzer, its volume increases after several seconds. After a few more seconds, the buzzer's volume increases again. Then, after 60 seconds, the buzzer turns itself off and sounds again the next day at the set time. If you selected the radio, it automatically turns off after 60 minutes. To silence the radio or the buzzer sooner, press POWER to turn off the receiver. or disTIMER , 1, 2, or 3, and appear and the alarm sounds again the next day at the set time. Setting an Alarm 1. If you want the radio to turn on at the alarm time, tune to the desired station. Then press M/MEM. MEMO and the memory location where the station is programmed flash for about 10 seconds. 2. Press TIMER 1, TIMER 2, or TIMER 3 twice. TIMER , the selected timer number, and (buzzer) flash for about 10 seconds. Note: If MEMO stops flashing before you press TIMER 1, TIMER 2, or TIMER 3, start again from Step 2. 3. To select the type of alarm (buzzer or radio), repeatedly press AM for the buzzer or MODE until for the radio flashes next to TIMER . Note: If or , stops flashing before you press AM MODE, start again from Step 2. 4. Use the number keys to enter the time you want the alarm to sound. 5. Press ENTER . Using the Snooze Feature To silence the buzzer or radio alarm for about 5 minutes, press any button except POWER, , or M . ZZZ flashes above . This temporarily silences the buzzer or radio and then it sounds again. You can repeat this for up to 30 minutes using the buzzer alarm or up to 60 minutes using the radio alarm. Note: The snooze feature does not work if a plug is connected to the REC LINE OUT jack. 6. Turn the receiver off. 32 Turning a Timer Alarm On or Off To turn off the alarm so it does not sound again, press TIMER 1, TIMER 2, or TIMER 3. Then press C while TIMER flashes. USING THE SLEEP TIMER The sleep timer lets you set the receiver to turn off in an amount of time you set. 1. With the receiver off, hold down POWER until the receiver beeps and turns on. 90 appears and flashes. If you want to turn on a timer alarm again, press TIMER 1, TIMER 2, or TIMER 3. Then press ENTER while TIMER and 1, 2, or 3 flash. Timer Recording You can connect a tape recorder to the receiver and have it record starting at a preset time. Connect your tape recorder as described in "Connecting a Tape Recorder" on Page 10 and set your tape recorder to record. Then follow the steps in "Using the Timer Alarms" on Page 32 to have the radio start to play at the time you want. When the radio plays at the time you set, the tape recorder starts and records the broadcast. After a few seconds, 90 disappears and stops flashing. 2. Tune to the desired station. After the preset number of minutes, the receiver turns off. To turn off the receiver sooner, press POWER. To change the playing time after you set it, hold down POWER. The sleep timer changes from 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 90 minutes, repeating the sequence as you hold down POWER. Release POWER when the desired amount of time appears. 33 LISTENING HINTS Shortwave listening is a hobby with thousands of participants worldwide. It requires no special knowledge or skills, but your enjoyment increases as you gain experience and develop special listening techniques. The information in this section can help you make the most of your DX-398. using the frequency's wavelength. For example, the 19-meter band refers to the range of frequencies with waves about 19 meters long. Use the following equations to convert kHz, MHz, and meters. To convert MHz to kHz, multiply by 1,000. For example: 9.62 MHz × 1000 = 9,620 kHz To convert kHz to MHz, divide by 1,000. For example: 2780 kHz ÷ 1000 = 2.780 MHz To convert MHz to meters, divide 300 by the number of MHz. For example: 300 ÷ 7.1 MHz = 42.25 meters To convert meters to MHz, divide 300 by the number of meters. For example: 300 ÷ 42.25 meters = 7.1 MHz REFERENCE SOURCES Many books and magazines about shortwave listening are available through your local library or newsstand. Consult sources such as the World Radio Handbook, Radio Amateur's Handbook, Passport to World Band Radio, Monitoring Times, and Popular Communications. These publications can help you learn about the conditions that make long-distance reception possible and provide up-todate listings for shortwave broadcasts in English and in other languages. FREQUENCY CONVERSION A band is a group of frequencies. Sometimes, bands are grouped according to their wavelengths, in meters. The tuning location of a station can be expressed as a frequency (kHz or MHz) or a wavelength (meters). Amateur radio operators generally refer to the frequencies they operate on BAND ALLOCATION Certain bands are set aside for specific purposes. Amateur Radio Frequencies Tuning to the amateur radio frequencies can be interesting and helpful, because amateur radio operators often broadcast emergency information when other means of communication break down. 34 Amateur radio operators use the following bands. Portions of these bands are set aside for continuous wave (CW) Morse code communication or for single sideband (SSB) voice communication, as shown below. 160 meters: 1,800­2,000 kHz: SSB 80 meters: 3,500­3,800 kHz: CW 3,800­4,000 kHz: SSB 40 meters: 7,000­7,150 kHz: CW 7,150­7,300 kHz: SSB 20 meters: 14,000­14,200 kHz: CW 14,200­14,350 kHz: SSB 15 meters: 21,000­21,250 kHz: CW 21,250­21,450 kHz: SSB 10 meters: 28,000­28,500 kHz: CW 28,500­29,700 kHz: SSB Note: These ranges are not precisely observed everywhere in the world. International Frequencies International commercial broadcasts are found in the following shortwave bands. Programs (often in English) usually contain news, commentaries, music, and special features reflecting the culture of the broadcasting country. Reception for this range is best between 6:00 PM and midnight (your time). Band (in meters) *120 * 90 * 75 * 60 49 ** 41 31 25 21 19 16 13 11 Frequency Range (in MHz) 2.300­2.495 3.200­3.400 3.900­4.000 4.750­5.060 5.900­6.200 7.100­7.350 9.400­9.990 11.600­12.100 13.500­13.870 15.100­15.800 17.480­17.900 21.450­21.750 25.600­26.100 * These bands are reserved for stations in tropical areas. ** Interference is heavy in the 41m band (7.100­7.300 MHz) because amateur radio operators and international stations share this range. 35 Aircraft Frequencies Aircraft on international routes sometimes use SW. Most transmissions are in SSB, although you can still hear some MW transmissions. Here are some bands where you might hear aircraft communications. 4,650­4,750 kHz 6,545­6,765 kHz 8,815­9,040 kHz 11,175­11,400 kHz 13,200­13,360 kHz 15,010­15,100 kHz 17,900­18,030 kHz Time Standard Frequencies The following frequencies announce the exact time of day at specified intervals. WWV in Fort Collins, Colorado: 2,500 kHz 5,000 kHz 10,000 kHz 15,000 kHz 20,000 kHz CHU in Canada: 7,335 kHz V N G in A u s t r a l ia : 4 , 5 0 0 a n d 12,000 kHz Ships and Coastal Station Frequencies Most transmissions from ships and coastal stations are in SSB and CW. You can hear these transmissions in the following bands. 2,000­2,300 kHz* 4,063­4,139 kHz 4,361­4,438 kHz 8,195­8,181 kHz 12,330­12,420 kHz 13,107­13,200 kHz 16,460­16,565 kHz Longwave Band The 150­519 kHz range is known as the longwave band. Most stations in this range serve as beacons for aircraft and marine navigation by continuously transmitting their call letters. Reception for this range is best between 6:00 PM and midnight (your time). Some ships also use this range, with 500 kHz set aside as an international distress and emergency station. Most stations in this range use CW (Morse code), although some use AM voice transmission for weather broadcasts. * The Coast Guard and small boats use this band, with 2,182 kHz set aside as the international distress and emergency channel. 36 LISTENING GUIDE The following list contains some of the more frequently heard stations. All stations broadcast in English unless otherwise specified. You can hear these stations throughout North America. However, reception varies based on the season, time of day, and a number of other conditions. This information can change at any time. For sources of yearly, up-to-date listings, see "Reference Sources" on Page 34. kHz 3,223 3,265 3,300 3,380 3,385 3,396 4,750 4,755 4,777 4,795 4,820 4,832 4,855 4,890 Station Radio SR Radio Mozambique Radio Cultural Radio Iris FR3 Radio Kaduna Radio Bertoua Imo Regional Radio Radio/TV Gabon Radio Nueva America Radio Paz y Bien Radio Reloj Radio Clube do Para National Broadcasting Commission Voice Kenya Australian Broadcasting Commission Radio Colosal Radio Santa Fe Ecos del Torbes Solomon Islands Broadcasting Service Radio Gjirokaster Location Swaziland Maputo, Mozambique Guatemala City, Guatemala Esmeraldas, Ecuador Cayenne, French Guiana Kaduna, Nigeria Bertoua, Cameroon Imo, Nigeria Libreville, Gabon La Paz, Bolivia Ambala, Ecuador San Jose, Costa Rica Belem, Brazil Papua New Guinea Remarks Religious Programs Programs in Spanish Programs in French Programs in French Programs in Spanish Programs in Spanish Programs in Spanish Programs in Portugese 4,915 4,920 Nairobi, Kenya Brisbane, Australia 4,945 4,965 4,980 5,020 Neiva, Colombia Bogota, Colombia San Cristobal, Venezuela Honiara, Solomon Islands Programs in Spanish Programs in Spanish Programs in Spanish 5,057 Gjirokaster, Albania Programs in Albanian 37 kHz 5,950 Station Guyana Broadcasting Service Radio Casino Radio Canada International Radio RSA CFCX Radio Malaysia Radio Australia Nihon Shortwave Broadcasting Company Radio Nacional Radio Sutatenza Radio Luxembourg Polskie Radio Radio New Zealand Trans World Radio Radio Noumea Radio Tirana Radio Cairo Voice of Greece Radio Korea Spanish Foreign Radio Swiss Radio International Radio Prague Radio Bucharest Italian Radio and Television Service Location Georgetown, Guyana Remarks 5,954 5,960 5,980 6,005 6,025 6,045 6,055 Puerto Limon, Costa Rica Montreal, Canada Johannesburg, South Africa Montreal, Canada Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Lyndhurst, Australia Tokyo, Japan Programs in Japanese Programs in Chinese 6,060 6,075 6,090 6,095 6,105 7,140 7,170 7,300 9,475 9,515 9,525 9,530 9,535 9,540 9,570 9,575 Buenos Aires, Argentina Bogota, Colombia Ville Louvigny, Luxembourg Warsaw, Poland Wellington, New Zealand Monte Carlo, Monaco Noumea, New Caledonia Tirana, Albania Cairo, Egypt Athens, Greece Seoul, South Korea Madrid, Spain Berne, Switzerland Prague, Czech Republic Bucharest, Romania Rome, Italy Programs in Spanish Programs in Spanish Programs in French 38 kHz 9,610 9,620 9,645 9,720 9,745 9,770 9,800 9,835 10,040 11,655 11,690 11,705 11,720 11,735 11,745 11,815 11,825 11,835 11,845 11,850 11,890 11,900 11,910 11,930 11,935 11,945 11,955 11,980 15,038 Station Radio-TV Algeria Radio Berlin International Radio Norway Radio Iran HCJB Austrian Radio Radio Kiev Radio Budapest Voice of Vietnam Israel Radio Radio Kuwait Radio Sweden Radio Moscow Radio Sofia Voice of Free China Radio Japan Radio Tahiti 4VEH Radio Canada International Deutsche Welle Voice of Chile Radio RSA BBC Radio Havana Cuba Radio Portugal Radio Beijing Voice of Turkey Radio Moscow Saudi Arabian Broadcasting Service Location Algiers, Algeria Berlin, Germany Oslo, Norway Tehran, Iran Quito, Ecuador Vienna, Austria Kiev, Ukraine Budapest, Hungary Hanoi, Vietnam Jerusalem, Israel Kuwait City, Kuwait Stockholm, Sweden Moscow, Russia Sofia, Bulgaria Taipei, Taiwan Tokyo, Japan Papeete, Tahiti Cap Haitien, Haiti Montreal, Canada Cologne, Germany Santiago, Chile Johannesburg, South Africa London, England Havana, Cuba Lisbon, Portugal Beijing, China Ankara, Turkey Moscow, Russia Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Remarks Programs in Arabic Programs in Farsi