User manual RAYMARINE ST2000+ TILLER PILOTS

ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Owner's Handbook Document number: 81130-5 Date: June 2005 2 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Autohelm, HSB (High Speed Bus), SailPilot, SeaTalk and SportPilot are registered trademarks of Raymarine Ltd. Raymarine, AST (Advanced Steering Technology), AutoAdapt, AutoLearn, AutoRelease, AutoSeastate, AutoTack, AutoTrim, FastTrim, GyroPlus, RayGyro, RayPilot and WindTrim are trademarks of Raymarine Ltd. Handbook contents © Raymarine Ltd 2005. 1 Contents Contents.................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................3 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Specifications ......................................................................................... 4 1.3 About this handbook ............................................................................. 5 Important Information ........................................................................... 5 Product disposal ..................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot ..........................................................................7 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Using Auto mode ................................................................................... 8 Engaging the autopilot (Auto mode) ...................................................... 8 Disengaging the autopilot (Standby mode) ............................................ 8 Changing course .................................................................................... 9 Displaying navigation information pages ............................................. 11 Automatic deadband control (Auto Seastate) ...................................... 12 Operating hints ­ trim changes ............................................................ 13 2.3 Switching display illumination on and off ............................................ 14 2.4 Using Track mode ................................................................................. 14 Selecting Track mode ........................................................................... 14 Returning to Auto from Track mode ..................................................... 17 Cross track error (XTE) .......................................................................... 17 Tidal stream compensation .................................................................. 18 Waypoint arrival and advance .............................................................. 18 Dodges in Track mode .......................................................................... 19 Safety in Track mode ............................................................................ 19 Warning messages in Track mode ........................................................ 20 2.5 Using WindTrim mode .......................................................................... 22 Selecting WindTrim mode .................................................................... 22 Exiting WindTrim mode ........................................................................ 23 Returning to the previous apparent wind angle ................................... 23 Chapter 3: Maintenance & Fault Finding .........................................................25 3.1 General maintenance ........................................................................... 25 3.2 Product support ................................................................................... 26 3.3 Fault finding ......................................................................................... 26 Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot .................................................................29 4.1 Planning the installation ...................................................................... 29 4.2 Installing the tiller pin and mounting socket ......................................... 31 Measuring the critical dimensions ........................................................ 31 Basic installation .................................................................................. 33 2 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Installation accessories .........................................................................34 4.3 Cabling and socket installation .............................................................40 Mounting the socket .............................................................................41 Power supply ........................................................................................43 SeaTalk cabling .....................................................................................44 NMEA cabling ......................................................................................47 Chapter 5: Commissioning the Tiller Pilot ......................................................49 5.1 Functional tests ....................................................................................49 Switch on ..............................................................................................49 Operating sense ...................................................................................49 Checking the navigation interface ........................................................50 Checking the wind instrument interface ...............................................51 Checking the SeaTalk interface .............................................................52 5.2 Initial sea trial .......................................................................................53 Calibrating the compass .......................................................................53 5.3 Adjusting autopilot performance ..........................................................56 Chapter 6: Adjusting Tiller Pilot Settings .......................................................59 6.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................59 Adjusting calibration values .................................................................59 Calibration features ..............................................................................61 Default calibration values .....................................................................61 6.2 Calibrating the tiller pilot ......................................................................62 Calibration Level 1: Rudder gain ...........................................................62 Calibration Level 5: cruise speed ...........................................................62 Calibration Level 6: off course alarm angle ...........................................62 Calibration Level 9: magnetic variation ................................................63 Calibration Level 10: heading error correction ......................................63 Calibration Level 11: boat's current latitude .........................................64 Calibration Level 13: rudder damping ...................................................64 Controlling access to calibration ...........................................................64 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview Your Raymarine tiller pilot is a totally self-contained autopilot designed for tiller steered sailboats. The autopilot is mounted between the tiller and a single attachment point on the boat's structure. It is designed for owner installation and is ready for use after connection to the boat's 12 V electrical system. Operating modes The tiller pilot has four basic operating modes: · Standby mode: autopilot off · Auto mode: autopilot engaged and locked onto a heading · Track mode: autopilot on and maintaining a track between two waypoints created on a navigation system · WindTrim mode: autopilot on and maintaining a course relative to an apparent wind angle SeaTalk and NMEA compatibility The tiller pilot is SeaTalk compatible, so it can share data transmitted from other Raymarine SeaTalk instruments: · wind information from a wind instrument can be used for wind vane steering without the need to install a separate vane · track information, from a navigator, enables the autopilot to provide waypoint control · boat speed from a speed instrument can provide optimum track keeping performance D5 5 57 -2 4 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots · SeaTalk compatibility also allows additional fixed and hand-held autopilot control units to be easily connected at secondary steering and control positions The ST1000 Plus and ST2000 Plus tiller pilots can also be used with any navigator transmitting NMEA 0183 or NMEA 0180 data. The tiller pilot can be calibrated to suit each installation to provide maximum performance with many types of boat. 1.2 Specifications General specifications Power supply: Drive unit thrust torque: Maximum boat displacement: Drive mechanism: Helm speed (lock to lock): Current consumption: 10 V to 15 V DC ST1000 Plus: 57 kg (125 lb) ST2000 Plus: 77 kg (170 lb) ST1000 Plus: 3 000 kg (6 600 lb) ST2000 Plus: 4 500 kg (10 000 lb) ST1000 Plus: lead-screw and nut drive ST2000 Plus: re-circulating ball drive ST1000 Plus: 8 seconds ST2000 Plus: 4.5 seconds · Standby: 40 mA (90 mA with full lighting) · Auto: 0.5 A to 1.5 A depending on boat trim, helm load and sailing conditions 0°C to +70°C (32°F to 158°F) · 6 button digital keypad · Backlit LCD display of heading, locked course and navigational information · User calibration for optimum performance · WindTrim control in WindTrim mode · SeaTalk compatible · Automatic compass deviation correction · Northerly/Southerly heading compensation · Automatic heading deadband ­ seastate control · Automatic tack · Built-in navigator interface (NMEA and SeaTalk) · Waypoint advance feature Operating temperature: Main features: Chapter 1: Introduction 5 EMC conformance All Raymarine equipment and accessories are designed to the best industry standards for use in the recreational marine environment. The design and manufacture of Raymarine equipment and accessories conform to the appropriate Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards, but correct installation is required to ensure that performance is not compromised. 1.3 About this handbook This handbook contains important information about installing, using and maintaining your new Raymarine product. To get the best from the product, please read this handbook thoroughly. Important Information Warranty To register your new Raymarine product, please take a few minutes to fill out the warranty card. It is important that you complete the owner information and return the card to us to receive full warranty benefits. Handbook information To the best of our knowledge, the information in this handbook was correct when it went to press. However, Raymarine cannot accept liability for any inaccuracies or omissions it may contain. In addition, our policy of continuous product improvement may change specifications without notice. As a result, Raymarine cannot accept liability for any differences between the product and the handbook. 6 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Safety notices WARNING: Product installation This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with the instructions contained in this handbook. Failure to do so could result in poor product performance, personal injury and/or damage to your boat. WARNING: Electrical safety Make sure the power supply is switched off before you make any electrical connections. WARNING: Navigation aid Although we have designed this product to be accurate and reliable, many factors can affect its performance. As a result, it should only be used as an aid to navigation and should never replace common sense and navigational judgement. Always maintain a permanent watch so you can respond to situations as they develop. Your Raymarine autopilot will add a new dimension to your boating enjoyment. However, it is the skipper's responsibility to ensure the safety of the boat at all times by following these basic rules: · Ensure that someone is present at the helm AT ALL TIMES, to take manual control in an emergency. · Make sure that all crew members know how to disengage the autopilot. · Regularly check for other boats and any obstacles to navigation ­ no matter how clear the sea may appear, a dangerous situation can develop rapidly. · Maintain an accurate record of the boat's position by using either a navigation aid or visual bearings. · Maintain a continuous plot of your boat's position on a current chart. Ensure that the locked autopilot heading will steer the boat clear of all obstacles. Make proper allowance for tidal set ­ the autopilot cannot. · Even when your autopilot is locked onto the desired track using a navigation aid, always maintain a log and make regular positional plots. Navigation signals can produce significant errors under some circumstances and the autopilot will not be able to detect these errors. Product disposal l When you want to dispose of this product (for example, at the end of its working life), please do so in accordance with local regulations. Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 7 Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 2.1 Overview WARNING: Passage making under autopilot control is an enjoyable experience that can, if you are not careful, lead to the relaxation of the permanent watch. Always maintain a permanent watch no matter how clear the sea may appear to be. · The tiller pilot always powers up in Standby mode (indicated by a flashing `C' alongside the boat's current compass heading). · The tiller pilot is controlled using simple push-button operations, all of which are confirmed with a short beep. In addition to the main single key functions, there are several dual key operations. · To select automatic steering: · steady the boat on the required heading · place the pushrod over the tiller pin (if necessary, extend or retract the pushrod using the -1, +1, -10, and +10 keys) · press auto: the display will then show an `A' alongside the current heading · To return to manual steering at any time: · press standby · remove the pushrod from the tiller pin · You can use the -1, +1, -10, and +10 keys to make course changes when the boat is under autopilot control. D355-2 8 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots 2.2 Using Auto mode Engaging the autopilot (Auto mode) D354-2 1. Steady the boat on the required heading. 2. Place the pushrod over the tiller pin. If necessary, extend or retract the pushrod using the -1, +1, -10, and +10 keys. 3. Press auto: the tiller pilot will enter Auto mode and the display will show an `A' (for auto) alongside the locked autopilot heading. Disengaging the autopilot (Standby mode) D353-2 To return to hand steering: 1. Press standby. 2. Remove the pushrod from the tiller pin to return to hand steering: the display will show a flashing `C' and the boat's current compass heading. 3. The last heading is memorized and can be recalled (see page 10). Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 9 Changing course In Auto mode, use the -1 and -10 (port) and +1 and +10 (starboard) keys to change course in steps of 1° and 10°. Port or Starboard or D3320-3 For example: press -10 three times for a 30° course change to port: 30° to port Original course D3254-2 Automatic tack feature (AutoTack) The autopilot has a built-in automatic tack facility (in Auto, Track and WindTrim modes) that turns the boat through 100°: · to AutoTack 100° to port, press -1 and -10 together · to AutoTack 100° to starboard, press +1 and +10 together 10 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots AutoTack - Port Wind AutoTack - Starboard Wind AutoTack angle AutoTack angle D5399-2 Dodging obstacles 1. To avoid an obstacle when you boat is under autopilot control, select a course change in the appropriate direction. For example, press -10 three times for a 30°dodge to port. Obstacle 30° dodge to port Original course D3255-2 2. When safely clear of the obstacle, you can either: · reverse the previous course change (for example, by pressing +10 three times), or · return to the previous heading (see below) Returning to the previous heading 1. Press auto for 1 second: the previous heading will flash for 10 seconds. 2. To accept the previous heading, press auto again while the previous heading is flashing. Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 11 Resumed course Obstacle Original course SECOND Dodge Note: If you do not press auto while the display is flashing, the autopilot will maintain the current heading. Off course alarm The off course alarm sounds if the locked autopilot heading and the boat's current heading differ by more than the value set in calibration level 6 (see page 62) for 20 seconds. D191-2 Cancelling the off course alarm To cancel the off course alarm, press standby to return to manual steering. Note: If the off course alarm sounds, this is usually an indication that the boat is carrying too much sail, or that the sails are badly balanced. In these conditions, you can usually obtain significant improvements in course keeping by improving the sail balance. Displaying navigation information pages If navigation information (e.g. distance to waypoint, cross track error and bearing to waypoint) is available, you can display it in Auto mode or Standby mode by pressing either -1 and +10 or +1 and -10 together momentarily. The display will then cycle through the navigation information pages: D3256-2 12 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Locked heading Distance to waypoint (if available) Bearing to waypoint (if available) Cross track error D178-2 You can revert to normal operation by pressing either -1 and +10 or +1 and -10 together again. Automatic deadband control (Auto Seastate) In Auto, WindTrim or Track modes, the tiller pilot is set to AutoSeastate (automatic deadband control) as a default. This causes the pilot to gradually ignore repetitive movements of the boat and respond only to true course variations. By preventing unnecessary rudder movement, AutoSeastate provides the best compromise between power consumption and course keeping accuracy. If you want to switch off the AutoSeastate feature: 1. From Auto, WindTrim or Track mode, press -1 and +1 together to switch from AutoSeastate to Fixed Minimum Deadband. 2. The "°" sign flashes when Fixed Minimum Deadband is selected. Minimum deadband provides the tightest course keeping possible, at the expense of increased power consumption and drive unit activity. D360-3a Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot To switch back to AutoSeastate, press -1 and +1 again. 13 Note: The autopilot reverts to Automatic Deadband Control each time you select Standby mode. Operating hints ­ trim changes CAUTION: Only make major course changes when steering MANUALLY. This ensures that the boat will safely clear any obstructions or other boats, and you can take into account the changed wind and sea conditions on the new heading before engaging the autopilot. Large course changes which change the apparent wind direction can produce large trim changes. When a sudden trim change occurs (for example due to weather helm or sail imbalance) there will be a delay of up to one minute before the automatic trim applies rudder to restore the locked heading. In these situations, the autopilot will not immediately assume the new automatic heading, and will only settle onto course when the automatic trim has been fully established. To minimize this problem, use the following procedure to make major course changes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Note the required new heading. Press standby, remove the pushrod from the tiller pin, and steer manually. Bring boat onto the new heading and fit the pushrod back onto the tiller pin. Press auto and let the boat settle on course. Bring your boat onto the final course in 1° steps using -1 or +1. Gusting conditions In gusting conditions, the course may tend to wander slightly, particularly if the sails are badly balanced. By improving sail balance, you can improve course keeping. If you take the following precautions, the autopilot will be able to maintain competent control even in gale force conditions: Do not allow the boat to heel over excessively. Ease the mainsheet traveller to leeward to reduce heeling and weather helm. If necessary, reef the mainsail a little early. It is also advisable (whenever possible) to avoid sailing with the wind dead astern when there are very strong winds and large seas. · Ideally, the wind should be at least 30° away from a dead run. · · · · 14 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots · In severe conditions, it may be advisable to remove the mainsail altogether and sail under headsail only. 2.3 Switching display illumination on and off You can switch the display illumination on and off when the tiller pilot is in Standby mode: · from Standby mode, press -1 and +1 together to switch the illumination between on (L1) and off (L0) · to return to the previous mode either wait 10 seconds or press the appropriate mode key D364-2 Note: The tiller pilot normally powers-up with the illumination switched on (L1). If other SeaTalk instruments or autopilot control units are connected via SeaTalk, you can also control the tiller pilot's illumination from these units. 2.4 Using Track mode In Track mode, the tiller pilot maintains a track between waypoints created on a navigation system. The tiller pilot computes any course changes to keep your boat on track, automatically compensating for tidal streams and leeway. To operate in Track mode, the tiller pilot must receive cross track error information from either: · a SeaTalk navigator, or · a non-SeaTalk navigation system transmitting NMEA 0180 or 0183 data Selecting Track mode When you select Track mode, the tiller pilot can acquire the track in one of two ways: · automatic acquisition ­ when both cross track error and bearing to waypoint data are available Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 15 · manual acquisition ­ when Cross Track Error is the only available information Automatic track acquisition If cross track error and bearing to waypoint data are both available (via SeaTalk or NMEA), the pilot can acquire a track automatically: 1. 2. 3. 4. Bring the boat to within 0.1 nm of track. Press auto. Press -10 and +10 together to enter Track mode. An alarm will sound and the display will alternate between: · the bearing to waypoint, and · the direction the boat will turn to take up the new track Waypoint at 058° Current heading D3277-2 5. Check that it is safe to turn the boat onto the new course. 6. Press -10 and +10 together: · the boat will now turn on to the new course · the alarm will cancel Waypoint at 058° D3257-2 7. The display will continuously cycle through the following navigation information pages: 16 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Locked heading Distance to waypoint (if available) Bearing to waypoint (if available) Cross track error D178-2 Manual track acquisition If your navigator only provides cross track error information, you must acquire the track manually: 1. 2. 3. 4. Steer the boat to within 0.1 nm of track. Bring the heading to within 5° of the bearing to the next waypoint. Press auto. Press -10 and +10 together to enter Track mode: · the autopilot will start tracking to the waypoint · the display will alternate between cross track error and the locked pilot heading Manual track acquisition at low speeds Using manual acquisition at low speeds requires additional care as tidal streams have a far more significant effect at lower speeds than at higher speeds. In general terms, if the tidal flow is less than 35% of the boat's speed, you will not notice any difference in the tiller pilot's performance in Track mode. However, you should take extra care during manual acquisition, as follows: · before you select Track mode, make sure that the boat is as close as possible to track, and that the direction made good over the ground is as close as possible to the direction of the next waypoint · positive checks of the boat's position at regular intervals are vital, especially if you are close to potential navigational hazards Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 17 Returning to Auto from Track mode To return to Auto mode from Track mode: · press auto, or · press -10 and +10 together. Cross track error (XTE) Cross track error (XTE) is the distance between your current position and the planned route. This is displayed in nautical miles (nm) and is taken directly from your navigator. Cross track error (XTE) Waypoint 2 Waypoint 1 D3260-2 The tiller pilot displays the cross track error in the following ways: On track Off track to port (steer to starboard) Off track to starboard (steer to port) D3294-2 18 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Tidal stream compensation Under most operating conditions, Track mode will hold the selected track to within ±0.05 nm (300 ft) or better. The autopilot takes account of the boat's speed when computing course changes to ensure optimum performance over a wide range of boat speeds. If speed data is available, the autopilot will use the measured boat speed. Otherwise it will use the default cruise speed entered in Calibration Level 5 (see page 62). Waypoint 2 l da Ti co m n po en t Boat's speed over ground Waypoint 1 D3261-2 Waypoint arrival and advance CAUTION: Waypoint advance will only operate if the tiller pilot receives valid bearing to waypoint and waypoint name information. The tiller pilot can only decode the first FOUR characters of a waypoint name. It will not be able to decode names longer than four characters, which will stop the waypoint advance feature from working. If your navigator transmits valid waypoint name and bearing to waypoint data, you can advance from one waypoint to the next by pressing -10 and +10 together. Bo at 's sp ee d th ro ug h w at er Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 19 Arrival As the boat passes the target waypoint, the navigator manually or automatically selects the next target waypoint. The pilot will then: · detect the new target waypoint name · sound the waypoint advance alarm · display the new bearing to waypoint and the direction the boat will turn to acquire it Advance When the waypoint advance alarm is sounding, the tiller pilot will suspend Track mode and maintain the current heading: · check that it is safe to turn onto the new track · press the -10 and +10 keys together: this will cancel the waypoint arrival alarm and turn the boat towards the next waypoint Unless you accept the waypoint advance in this way, the alarm will continue to sound and the tiller pilot will maintain the current course. Dodges in Track mode In Track mode, you still have full control from the keypad: · to make a dodge maneuver: use the -1, +1, -10 or +10 keys · after you have avoided the hazard, reverse the course change selected for the dodge maneuver by selecting an equal course change in the opposite direction · if the boat remains within 0.1 nm of track, there is no need to steer back towards the track Safety in Track mode WARNING: Track mode provides accurate track keeping even in complex navigational situations. However, it is still the skipper's responsibility to ensure the safety of their boat at all times through careful navigation and frequent position checks. Passage making in Track mode assists precise navigation and removes the tasks of compensating for wind and tidal drift. However, you MUST still maintain an accurate log with regular plots: 20 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Confirming position at the start of a journey · At the start of a journey you must always use an easily identifiable fixed object to confirm the fix given by the navigation system. · Check for fixed positional errors and compensate for them. Verifying computed positions · Always verify the computed position with a dead reckoned position, calculated from the average course steered and the distance logged. Plot frequency · In open water, you should make plots at least every hour. · In confined waters or when near to potential hazards, you should make plots more frequently. Setting waypoints · Local variations in radio signal quality and changes in the tidal stream can produce deviations from the desired track. When setting waypoints, remember that deviations can occur. · Thoroughly check along each track. Check up to 0.5 nm each side of the track to ensure that there are no hazards within this zone. · For the waypoint advance function to work, the last four characters of adjacent waypoint names must be different. Warning messages in Track mode Track data not received D167-5 The tiller pilot displays this message if you select Track mode when the autopilot is not receiving any navigation data. Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 21 Track data error D167-5 The tiller pilot displays this message if you select Track mode when the navigator has lost its fix.This display will clear as soon as the navigator regains its fix. Large cross track error D234-2 This alarm sounds if cross track error exceeds 0.3 nm. Waypoint advance D208-2 The waypoint advance alarm sounds whenever the target waypoint number changes: · the pilot continues on its current heading, and the display alternates between the bearing to the next waypoint and the direction the boat will turn to take up that bearing · make sure that the turn will be safe and, when you are ready to make the turn, momentarily press -10 and +10 together. 22 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots · the pilot will turn onto the new bearing and track towards the next waypoint Note: Waypoint advance will only operate if your pilot receives valid bearing to waypoint and waypoint number information. 2.5 Using WindTrim mode Note: You can only use WindTrim mode if the tiller pilot is connected to a suitable wind sensor/instrument providing wind direction data. To use WindTrim mode, the tiller pilot must receive wind information from one of the following sources: · SeaTalk wind instrument · NMEA wind instrument · Raymarine pushpit wind vane (part number Z159) connected via supplied SeaTalk interface In WindTrim mode the tiller pilot maintains a course relative to an apparent wind angle. The pilot uses WindTrim to eliminate the effects of turbulence and short term wind variations. This provides smooth precise performance with minimum power consumption. WindTrim mode uses the fluxgate compass as the primary heading reference. When changes in the apparent wind angle occur, the tiller pilot adjusts the locked compass heading to maintain the original apparent wind angle. In WindTrim mode, the tiller pilot ignores short-term changes in wind direction, yet still tracks real wind shifts as subtle as 1°. Selecting WindTrim mode From Standby mode or Auto mode, press standby and auto together to select WindTrim. The tiller pilot will then maintain the current apparent wind angle. Note: The tiller pilot beeps once every 30 seconds in WindTrim mode. D5558-1 Chapter 2: Using the Tiller Pilot 23 Exiting WindTrim mode To exit WindTrim mode: · press standby to return to Standby mode · press auto to return to Auto mode Returning to the previous apparent wind angle If you have steered the boat away from the selected apparent wind angle (for example, performing a dodge maneuver or selecting Standby) you can return to the previous apparent wind angle: D360-3 1. Press and hold standby and auto together for 1 second. 2. The display flashes the previous locked heading for 10 seconds. 3. While the display is flashing, press standby and auto together to select the previous heading: · when you select the previous heading, the "W" flashes for 10 seconds to confirm the selection Wind shift alarm If changes in apparent wind angle alter the original locked compass heading by more than 15°, the wind shift alarm will sound. The display alternates between the current WindTrim heading and the direction of wind shift. D209-2 24 To cancel the wind shift alarm: ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots · check that the new course does not take the boat into danger · press standby and auto together momentarily to accept the alarm and reset the wind shift alarm value to the current compass heading Operating hints for WindTrim mode · WindTrim filters the wind vane output. This provides optimum response for offshore conditions where genuine shifts in wind direction occur gradually. · In gusting and unsteady inshore conditions, it is best to sail a few degrees further off the wind so that changes in apparent wind direction can be tolerated. · It is important to minimize the amount of standing helm through careful sail trimming and positioning of the mainsheet traveller. · It is recommended that the headsail and mainsail are reefed a little early rather than too late. Chapter 3: Maintenance & Fault Finding 25 Chapter 3: Maintenance & Fault Finding This chapter provides information about maintaining your tiller pilot system, obtaining product support and solving common problems. 3.1 General maintenance CAUTION: The working parts of the tiller drive are sealed and lubricated for life during manufacture.The tiller pilot does not contain any user serviceable parts. It should be repaired only by authorized Raymarine service representatives. Display condensation · In certain conditions, condensation may appear on the LCD window. This will not harm the unit, and can be cleared by switching on the illumination for a while. Routine cabling checks · Make sure all connections are firmly attached. · Examine the cable for signs of wear or damage ­ replace any damaged cables. Cleaning the tiller pilot · If the tiller pilot is dirty, wipe it with a clean, damp cloth. · Never use chemical or abrasive materials to clean the tiller pilot. EMC advice · When powered up, all electrical equipment produces electromagnetic fields. These can cause adjacent pieces of electrical equipment to interact with one another, with a consequent adverse effect on operation. · To minimize these effects and enable you to get the best possible performance from your Raymarine equipment, guidelines are given in the installation instructions, to enable you to ensure minimum interaction between different items of equipment, i.e. ensure optimum Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). · Always report any EMC-related problems to your nearest Raymarine dealer. We use such information to improve our quality standards. · In some installations, it may not be possible to prevent the equipment from being affected by external influences. In general this will not damage the 26 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots equipment but it can lead to spurious resetting action, or momentarily may result in faulty operation. 3.2 Product support Raymarine products are supported by a worldwide network of distributors and Authorized Service Representatives. Before you consider returning the autopilot, make sure that the power supply cable is sound and that all connections are tight and free from corrosion. If the connections are secure, refer to the following Fault Finding section. If you cannot trace or rectify the fault, contact either your national distributor, service representative, or the Raymarine Technical Services Call Center. Refer to the back cover or the Worldwide Distributor List for contact details. Always quote the product serial number (this number is printed on the underside of the tiller pilot). 3.3 Fault finding All Raymarine products are designed to provide many years of trouble-free operation. We also put them through comprehensive testing and quality assurance procedures before shipping. In the unlikely event that a fault does occur with your autopilot, use the following table to help identify the problem and provide a solution. If you cannot resolve the problem yourself, contact either your national distributor, service representative, or the Raymarine Technical Services Call Center. SYMPTOM The autopilot display is blank. SOLUTION No power ­ check the fuse/circuit breaker. The displayed compass heading does The compass has not been corrected for not agree with the boat's compass. deviation ­ carry out the deviation and alignment procedures (see page 53). Boat turns slowly and takes a long time to come on to course. Rudder gain too low (see page 56). Boat overshoots when turning on to Rudder gain too high (see page 56). a new course. Chapter 3: Maintenance & Fault Finding SYMPTOM SOLUTION 27 The autopilot appears to be unstable Northerly/Southerly heading correction on Northerly headings in the North- not set up (see page 63). ern hemisphere (or Southerly headings in the Southern hemisphere). Display shows `CAL OFF' when enter- Calibration access has been prevented ing calibration. (see page 64). The autopilot will not `talk' to other SeaTalk instruments. Position information not received. The autopilot will not auto advance to the next waypoint. Cabling problem ­ make sure all the cables are connected properly. Navigator not transmitting the correct position data. No bearing to waypoint information received from the navigator. The screen shows a series of rotating Compass deviation correction is running. dashes. The display shows a series of station- Data is not being received ­ check the ary dashes. cabling. The display shows `Err'. The navigator has lost its fix ­ refer to the navigator handbook for further action. 28 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 29 Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 4.1 Planning the installation Before you start installing your tiller pilot system, use the illustration to check the parts supplied. Then read through the following information and the relevant installation sections in this chapter. ST1000 Plus and ST2000 Plus Pack Contents Tiller pin Mounting socket Self-tapping screw No 6 x 3/4 in (x6) Cable clip and cable clamp Tiller pilot socket Gasket Rubber cap ST1000+ and ST2000+ Quick Reference Guide ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Owner's Handbook Worldwide Distributors Owner's handbook Quick reference guide Worldwide distributor list D3361-2 30 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Cabling guidelines · consider how you will run cables to and from each component · avoid running cables through bilges where possible · avoid running cables close to fluorescent lights, engines, radio transmitting equipment etc. EMC installation guidelines All Raymarine equipment and accessories are designed to the best industry standards for use in the recreational marine environment. Their design and manufacture conforms to the appropriate Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards, but correct installation is required to ensure that performance is not compromised. Although every effort has been taken to ensure that they will perform under all conditions, it is important to understand what factors could affect the operation of the product. The guidelines given here describe the conditions for optimum EMC performance, but it is recognized that it may not be possible to meet all of these conditions in all situations. To ensure the best possible conditions for EMC performance within the constraints imposed by any location, always ensure the maximum separation possible between different items of electrical equipment. For optimum EMC performance, we recommend that: · Raymarine equipment and cables connected to it are: · At least 3 ft (1 m) from any equipment transmitting or cables carrying radio signals e.g. VHF radios, cables and antennas. In the case of SSB radios, increase the distance to 7 ft (2 m). · More than 7 ft (2 m) from the path of a radar beam. A radar beam can normally be assumed to spread 20 degrees above and below the radiating element. · The equipment is supplied from a separate battery from that used for engine start. Voltage drops below 10 V, and starter motor transients, can cause the equipment to reset. This will not damage the equipment, but may cause the loss of some information and may change the operating mode. · Raymarine specified cables are used. Cutting and rejoining these cables can compromise EMC performance and must be avoided unless doing so is detailed in the installation manual. Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 31 · If a suppression ferrite is attached to a cable, this ferrite should not be removed. If the ferrite needs to be removed during installation it must be reassembled in the same position. EMC suppression ferrites We supply the fluxgate compass and power cables with suppression ferrites fitted. Always use these ferrites supplied by Raymarine. D3548-2 Connections to other equipment If your Raymarine equipment is to be connected to other equipment using a cable not supplied by Raymarine, a suppression ferrite MUST always be attached to the cable near to the Raymarine unit. 4.2 Installing the tiller pin and mounting socket CAUTION: As the tiller pilot has a built-in compass, make sure that the boat's steering compass is at least 750 mm (2 ft 6 in) away to avoid deviation. Measuring the critical dimensions The tiller pilot is mounted between the tiller and a fixed point on the structure of your boat.Two dimensions are critical to ensure correct installation: · Dimension A = 589 mm (23.2 in): the distance from the mounting socket to the tiller pin Note: This dimension increases if your installation requires a pushrod extension (see page 34) or cantilever mount (see page 37). · Dimension B = 460 mm (18 in): the distance from the rudder stock's center line to the tiller pin 32 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots 47.5 mm (1.9 in) 'A' 589 mm (23.2 in) 445 mm (17.5 in) 95 mm (3.7 in) 610 mm (24.0 in) 'B' 460 mm (18 in) 460 'B' 90° mm (18 in) Rudder axis Sloping rudderstock D3198-2 To measure the critical dimensions: 1. Clamp the tiller on the boat's center line. 2. Mark dimensions A and B and use masking tape to locate the fixing points. Note: For standard installations, dimension A is measured on the starboard side of the cockpit. If you need to mount the tiller pilot on the port side of the cockpit, you can measure dimension A to port. However you will need to reverse the tiller pilot's operating sense when you have completed installation (see page 49). 3. Make sure that: · dimensions A and B are at right angles to each other (as shown on the diagram opposite) · the tiller pilot is mounted horizontally Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 33 Basic installation After establishing control dimensions A and B, you can usually mount the tiller pilot directly onto the cockpit seat. 12.5 mm (0.5 in) Mounting socket Tiller pin D3192-2 Installing the tiller pin 1. Drill a 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter hole to a depth of 25 mm (1 in) at the fixing point you have marked on the tiller. 2. Use a two part epoxy (e.g. Araldite) to fix the tiller pin in place. 3. Position the shoulder of the pin so it is 12.5 mm (1/2 in) above the tiller surface. Installing the mounting socket 1. Drill a 12.5 mm (1/2 in) hole to a depth of 25 mm (1 in) at the fixing point you have marked on the cockpit seat. 2. If the structure at the mounting position is less than 25 mm (1 in) thick, reinforce the underside with plywood bonded into position. 3. Fix the mounting socket in place using a two part epoxy. 34 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots CAUTION: As the tiller pilot is capable of generating high pushrod loads, you MUST: · drill all holes to the specified size and reinforce where necessary · allow the epoxy to harden thoroughly before applying a load Installation accessories If you are not able to install the tiller pilot directly onto the cockpit seat or tiller as described, one (or a combination) of the following installation accessories: · · · · · pushrod extensions tiller brackets cantilever sockets pedestal sockets alternative tiller pins Pushrod Extensions If you need to increase the pushrod length (because of the distance from the mounting socket location to the center line), use a Raymarine pushrod extension. Identifying the correct pushrod extension 1. Clamp the tiller on the boat's center line. 2. Measure dimension C. 3. Select the appropriate pushrod extension length (and part number) using the following table. Dimension C 589 mm (23.2 in) 615 mm (24.2 in) 640 mm (25.2 in) 665 mm (26.2 in) 691 mm (27.2 in) 716 mm (28.2 in) 742 mm (29.2 in) Pushrod extension length L Standard dimension 25 mm (1 in) 51 mm (2 in) 76 mm (3 in) 102 mm (4 in) 107 mm (5 in) 152 mm (6 in) Part no. D003 D004 D005 D006 D007 D008 Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 35 C L D3193-2 Mounting the pushrod extension To mount the pushrod extension: 1. Unscrew the end of the tiller pilot's pushrod. 2. Screw the extension into the pushrod. 3. Screw the pushrod end into the pushrod extension. Tiller brackets If the tiller is higher or lower than the mounting socket, you can use a Raymarine tiller bracket to vary the tiller pin offset so the pilot is horizontal. Identifying the correct tiller bracket 1. Clamp the tiller on the boat's center line. 2. Measure dimension D (if the pushrod is above the tiller) or dimension E (if the pushrod is below the tiller). 3. Select the appropriate bracket from the following table: Dimension D (pushrod below tiller) 25 mm (1 in) 51 mm (2 in) 76 mm (3 in) Dimension E (pushrod above tiller) 51 mm (2 in) 76 mm (3 in) 102 mm (4 in) Bracket part no. D009 D010 D011 36 Dimension D (pushrod below tiller) 102 mm (4 in) 127 mm (5 in) ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots Dimension E (pushrod above tiller) 127 mm (5 in) 152 mm (6 in) Bracket part no. D159 D160 D D3194-2 E D3195-2 Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 37 Mounting the tiller bracket 1. Position the tiller bracket on the center line of the tiller (above or below) and establish the critical dimensions A and B Note: To measure dimension B on a boat with a sloping rudderstock, refer to the diagram on page 31. 2. Mark the centers of the two bracket mounting holes. 3. Drill two 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter holes through the center line of the tiller at the positions you have marked. 4. Attach the tiller bracket using two 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter bolts, nuts and washers. 5. Bond the fixing bolts in place with two part epoxy adhesive 6. When the epoxy is completely hardened, fully tighten the nuts. 7. Attach the tiller pin to the bracket. Cantilever mounting If you need to attach the tiller pilot to a vertical face (such as the cockpit sidewall), use a Raymarine cantilever socket assembly (part number D031): · the maximum possible extension offset is 254 mm (10 in) · you cut the cantilever to the exact length during mounting Cutting the cantilever rod to length 1. Clamp the tiller on the boat's center line. 2. Measure dimension F (actual). 3. Refer to the table to establish a cutting length for the cantilever rod ­ double check measurements before cutting. 4. Measure the rod from threaded end, then cut the cantilever rod to length L using a hacksaw. Remove any sharp edges with a file. Dimension F 654 mm (25.75 in) 705 mm (27.75 in) 743 mm (29.75 in) 806 mm (31.75 in) 832 mm (32.75 in) Cut length L 51 mm (2 in) 102 mm (4 in) 152 mm (6 in) 203 mm (8 in) 229 mm (9 in) 38 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots F L D3196-2 Mounting the cantilever assembly To mount the cantilever assembly: 1. Temporarily assemble the cantilever by screwing the rod into the mounting ring. 2. Ensure the tiller pilot is horizontal and then mark the location of the mounting ring and its mounting holes. 3. Drill three 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter holes at the positions you have marked. 4. Bed the mounting ring on a thin coat of silicon sealant. 5. Use three 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter bolts, nuts and washers to attach the mounting ring to the backing plate (with the backing plate on the other side of the mounting surface, as shown above). 6. Screw the rod firmly into place. 7. Roughen the end of the cantilever rod and the inside of the cap to provide a key. Then apply two part epoxy adhesive to the rod end and the cap. 8. Place the cap over the rod end, making sure the hole for the tiller pilot mounting pin faces upwards. Allow the epoxy adhesive to harden fully before applying a load. Note: When the tiller pilot is not in use, you can unscrew the complete rod assembly to leave the cockpit unobstructed. Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 39 Pedestal socket mounting If you need to raise the height of the mounting socket to keep the tiller pilot horizontal, use a Raymarine pedestal socket assembly. Identifying the correct pedestal socket L G D3197-2 1. 2. 3. 4. Clamp the tiller on the boat's center line. Establish the standard control dimensions A and B. With the tiller pilot horizontal, measure dimension G. Select the appropriate pedestal socket assembly from the table. Pedestal socket length L Standard dimension 38 mm (1.5 in) 50 mm (2.0 in) 64 mm (2.5 in) 76 mm (3.0 in) 89 mm (3.5 in) Part no. D026 D027 D028 D029 D030 Dimension G 64 mm (2.5 in) 102 mm (4.0 in) 114 mm (4.5 in) 127 mm (5.0 in) 140 mm (5.5 in) 153 mm (6.0 in) Mounting the pedestal socket 1. Mark the mounting ring's position on the cockpit seat or counter. 2. Ensure that control dimensions A and B are correct. 40 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots 3. Mark the bolt holes on the mounting ring and then drill three 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter holes. 4. Bed the mounting ring on a thin coat of silicon sealant. 5. Use three 6 mm (1/4 in) diameter bolts, nuts and washers to attach the mounting ring to the backing plate (with the backing plate on the other side of the mounting surface, as shown above). 6. Screw the mounting socket firmly into place. Note: When the tiller pilot is not in use, you can unscrew the complete rod assembly to leave the cockpit unobstructed. Alternative tiller pins Your Raymarine dealer can also supply the following alternative lengths of tiller pin for other non-standard installations. Description Small threaded tiller pin Extra length tiller pin Extra length threaded tiller pin Size 25 mm (1.0 in) 72 mm (2.8 in) 72 mm (2.8 in) Part no. D014 D020 D021 4.3 Cabling and socket installation Both power and data are supplied to the tiller pilot via a waterproof plug and socket. The plug comes ready assembled and the socket can be mounted in the cockpit area adjacent to the tiller pilot. +12 V DC (brown, pin 1) 0 V (blue, pin 2) NMEA + (white, pin 6) NMEA - (green, pin 5) SeaTalk data (yellow, pin 4) D305-3 Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 41 Mounting the socket Install the tiller pilot socket as follows: Floating nut Plug Socket Gasket Cable Installed socket Retaining ring Screw Rubber cap D3296-2 1. Attach the template (provided at the back of this handbook) to the selected bulkhead. 2. Carefully drill a 21 mm (53/64 in) clearance hole for the cable boss. 3. Drill 4 pilot holes (2.5 mm or 3/32 in) for the self-tapping screws. 4. Remove the template. 5. Pass the power cable and any other cables (SeaTalk and NMEA) through the bulkhead and the gasket. 6. Use a small flat-bladed screwdriver to connect the cable(s) to the socket ­ refer to the illustrations on the following pages to identify the individual connections on the SeaTalk socket. Ensure that the socket is oriented correctly and note the connection numbers in relation to the keyway.. 42 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots ST1000+ and ST2000+ Bulkhead Connector TOP Keyway Keyway TOP 3 Not used 2 Blue (0 volts) 1 Brown (12 volts) 3 2 1 6 4 5 Keyway TOP 4 Yellow (SeaTalk) 5 Green (NMEA--) 6 White (NMEA+) D7930 -3 D3297-2 7. Assemble the rubber cap to one of the 4 self-tapping screws. 8. Secure the socket to the bulkhead using the 4 self-tapping screws. 9. Secure the cable(s) at regular intervals using suitable clips. 10. Assemble the plug to the socket by screwing the `floating' nut onto the threaded part of the socket by hand. Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 43 11. The retaining ring is designed as a stop for the plug nut to prevent accidental disassembly. After you have tightened the floating nut, slide the retaining ring back up the plug to retain the nut. Power supply Supply (0 V) Socket 12 A fuse Supply (+12 V DC) D3265-2 · The tiller pilot requires its own dedicated power supply ­ it cannot source its power from SeaTalk. · Power should be taken directly from the boat's central distribution panel and protected with a 12 A fuse or equivalent circuit breaker. The following table shows the minimum cable size acceptable for the power supply: Cable length Up to 2.5 m (8 ft) Up to 4 m (13 ft) Copper area 1.5 mm2 2.5 mm2 AWG 16 14 CAUTION: Correct power cable size is critical for correct autopilot operation. If in doubt, use a heavier gauge cable than specified. A lighter gauge cable might cause a voltage drop between the supply and the autopilot. This will reduce the power at the tiller. 44 ST1000 Plus & ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilots SeaTalk cabling Supply (0 V) Socket Yellow (SeaTalk data) 12 A fuse Supply (+12 V DC) Screen (SeaTalk 0 V) Red (SeaTalk 12 V) with 5 A fuse SeaTalk interface cable SeaTalk instruments D366-2 CAUTION: Protect the power supply for the SeaTalk 12 V (red) line with a 5 A fuse (or equivalent circuit breaker) fitted as close to the tiller pilot as possible. If required, the tiller pilot can be wired to the SeaTalk bus using a suitable SeaTalk interface cable (part numbers: D229 flat moulded plug, D179 male round plug, D181 female round plug). Connect the SeaTalk cable to the tiller pilot socket as shown below. As well as sharing SeaTalk data, the tiller pilot can also be used to supply power to the SeaTalk instruments. Raymarine produce a range of SeaTalk accessory cables you can use to connect the tiller pilot to SeaTalk instruments and control units: · flat plugs for recent SeaTalk equipment (e.g. ST30, ST40, ST60) · round plugs for older SeaTalk equipment (e.g. ST50) Chapter 4: Installing the Tiller Pilot 45 Extension cables - flat moulded plugs at each end Part no. D284 D285 D286 D287 D288 Type Flat moulded plugs at each end Flat moulded plugs at each end Flat moulded plugs at each end Flat moulded plugs at each end Flat moulded plugs at each end Length 1 m (3 ft 3 in) 3 m (9 ft 10 in) 5 m (16 ft 5 in) 9 m (29 ft 6 in) 20 m (65 ft 6 in) Conversion cables - flat moulded plug to round plug