User manual RISA TECHNOLOGIES RISA-3D - MINI MANUAL

RISA-3D Rapid Interactive Structural Analysis ­ 3-Dimensional Version 5.0 User's Guide RISA TECHNOLOGIES 26632 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 210 Foothill Ranch, California 92610 (949) 951-5815 (949) 951-5848 (FAX) www.risatech.com Copyright 2003 by RISA Technologies All rights reserved. No portion of the contents of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any means without the express written permission of RISA Technologies. We have done our best to insure that the material found in this publication is both useful and accurate. However, please be aware that errors may exist in this publication, and that RISA Technologies makes no guarantees concerning accuracy of the information found here or in the use to which it may be put. Table of Contents Before You Begin How to Use the Manuals License Agreement Installation Technical Support Maintenance 1 1 2 3 3 3 Model View Plot Options Multiple Views Selection Tools Making Changes to Selections Modify Members Model Rendering Copying Model Elements Connecting Along Members Selecting Planes Drawing Plates Submeshing Plates Viewing Plates Model Merge Scaling Elements Design Parameters Sorting 49 51 52 53 56 57 58 58 60 65 66 67 68 70 70 72 75 Overview Defining the Model Solving the Model Reviewing the Results Important Assumption! Conventions Used in the Tutorials 4 4 4 5 5 5 First Look at RISA-3D Starting RISA-3D Main Menu Toolbars Workspace Windows Status Bar Getting Help What's Ahead 6 6 7 8 10 10 12 13 14 Tutorial 3 ­ Loading Load Cases, Categories and Combinations Load Direction Options Area Loads Surface Loads Distributed Loads Basic Load Case Spreadsheet Copying Loads Self-weight Load Categories Load Combinations Displaying Loads 77 77 78 78 82 83 84 85 86 86 87 90 Tutorial 1 - Modeling Starting a New File Automatically Generating with Templates Global Parameters Members Drawing Grid Drawing Members Physical Members Material Properties Section Sets Spreadsheet Design Rules ­ Size / UC Design Rules ­ Concrete Rebar Multiple Windows Boundary Conditions Saving Your Data 15 15 15 16 19 21 22 32 32 35 33 34 40 43 46 Tutorial 4 ­ Solving & Results Solving the Model Viewing and Sorting Results Spreadsheets Graphic Results Plotting Deflected Shapes Animation Color-Coding Member Results Member Detail Report Plotting Plate Results 92 92 93 95 95 95 96 97 99 Tutorial 2 ­ Modifying Making Changes to an Item 47 47 Version 5.0 I RISA-3D User's Guide Printing Graphic Results Tiling Results Windows Batch Solution Envelope Solution Code Check Results Optimizing Steel Shapes Excluding Results Printing Desired Results 101 101 102 103 104 104 104 105 Tutorial 5 ­ Dynamic Analysis Dynamic Solution Frequencies and Mode Shapes Response Spectra Analysis Modal Participation Scaling Factors Load Combinations with RSA Results 108 108 109 111 112 112 113 Conclusion 115 II Version 5.0 Before You Begin Before You Begin How to Use the Manuals This Guide is designed to be read in two ways. If you are already familiar with structural modeling in general you can skip the supporting text and read only the underlined action items to move through the tutorials very quickly. To do this read the rest of this Before You Begin section and then skip to page 6 and look for the underlined action items. If you want more thorough explanations of the modeling process you may read all or some of the supporting text as you see fit. The tutorials are intended for the first time user of RISA-3D or those who need a refresher on how the program works. To complete this guide in its entirety will take less than an hour if you perform only the underlined action items mentioned above or 3 to 4 hours if you read all of the supporting text. We've broken the tutorials up so you don't have to do it all at once. The tutorial is intended to teach you the basics of defining and solving models in RISA-3D, and also how to review the results. We won't go into a lot of depth regarding the analytical aspects of RISA-3D here; that's what the RISA-3D General Reference manual and on-line help file are for. What we will cover is how and when to apply RISA-3D features to help you be most productive. For example, we'll perform steel, concrete and wood code checks in this tutorial, but we won't discuss the specifics of how those code checks are calculated; that is covered in excruciating detail in the General Reference sections Steel Code Checking and Design, Concrete Code Checking and Design, and Wood Code Checking and Design and also in the help file. After you have gone through the User Guide, use the General Reference and Online Help for detailed information on any topic. The topics are summarized in the table of contents and are thoroughly indexed. Version 5.0 1 RISA-3D User's Guide License Agreement END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR RISA TECHNOLOGIES® SOFTWARE: The RISA-33D software product (SOFTWARE PRODUCT) includes computer software, the associated media, any printed materials, and any "online" or electronic documentation. By installing, copying or otherwise using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, you agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree with the terms of this agreement RISA Technologies is unwilling to license the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to you. In such event you must delete any installations and destroy any copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and promptly return the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to RISA Technologies for a full refund. Copyright 2003 by RISA Technologies. All rights reserved. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is protected by United States copyright laws and various international treaties. All rights not specifically granted under this agreement are reserved by RISA TECHNOLOGIES. 1.SOFTWARE LICENSE. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed, not sold. All right, title and interest is and remains vested in RISA TECHNOLOGIES. You may not rent, lease, or lend the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. You are specifically granted a license to the use of this program on no more than one CPU at any given time. The Network Version of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed for simultaneous use on a certain maximum number of network stations that varies on a per license basis. As part of the license to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, the program user acknowledges the reading, understanding and acceptance of all terms of this agreement. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT may not be reviewed, compared or evaluated in any manner in any publication without expressed written consent of RISA Technologies. You may not disassemble, decompile, reverse engineer or modify in any way the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. The terms of this license agreement are binding in perpetuity. 2.DISCLAIMER. We intend that the information contained in the SOFTWARE PRODUCT be accurate and reliable, but it is entirely the responsibility of the program user to verify the accuracy and applicability of any results obtained from the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is intended for use by professional engineers and architects who possess an understanding of structural mechanics. In no event will RISA Technologies or its officers be liable to anyone for any damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or lost data. In no event will RISA Technologies or its officers be liable for incidental, special, punitive or consequential damages or professional malpractice arising out of or in connection with the usage of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT, even if RISA Technologies or its officers have been advised of or should be aware of the possibility of such damages. RISA TECHNOLOGIES' entire liability shall be limited to the purchase price of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT. 3.LIMITED WARRANTY RISA Technologies warrants that the SOFTWARE PRODUCT will operate but does not warrant that the SOFTWARE PRODUCT will operate error free or without interruption. RISA Technologies sole obligation and your exclusive remedy under this warranty will be to receive software support from RISA Technologies via telephone, e-mail or fax. Except as stated above the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is provided without warranty, express or implied, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. 4.TERMINATION. RISA TECHNOLOGIES may terminate your right to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT if you fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this agreement. In such event you must delete any installations and destroy any copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and promptly return the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to RISA Technologies. "RISA" as applied to structural engineering software is a trademark of RISA Technologies. "GT STRUDL" is a registered trademark of Georgia Tech. "SAP90" is a registered trademark of Computers & Structures Inc. "STAAD" is a registered trademark of Research Engineers Inc. 2 Version 5.0 Before You Begin Installation To install RISA-3D please follow these instructions: 1) Put the RISA-3D CD in your computer CD drive. 2) If the CD starts automatically go to step 4. If the CD does not start after 10 seconds click the Windows Start button and select Run. 3) In the Run dialog box type "d:\risacd" (where "d" is the label of your CD drive) and then click the OK button. 4) Follow the on-screen instructions. After you have installed RISA-3D, be sure to send us your registration card! Technical Support Complete program support is available to registered owners of RISA-3D and is included in the purchase price. This support is provided for the life of the program. See the RISA-3D General Reference or Help file for a list of your support options. The "life of the program" is defined as the time period for which that version of the program is the current version. In other words, whenever a new version of RISA-3D is released, the life of the previous version is considered to be ended. RISA Technologies will support only the current version of RISA-3D. Maintenance Program maintenance provides all upgrades to RISA-3D, and discounts on new products. When your maintenance expires, you will be given the opportunity to continue program maintenance on an annual basis. You are under no obligation to continue program maintenance, of course, but if you decide to discontinue maintenance you will no longer receive RISA-3D program upgrades and technical support. Version 5.0 3 RISA-3D User's Guide Overview Using computer software to perform structural design is essentially a three-step process. First, you define your model. Next you solve that model to obtain solution results. Last, you review those solution results to see how your model performed and determine if changes are needed. Usually you will need to repeat the cycle several times before you arrive at a final design. The purpose of RISA3D is to speed up this process. RISA-3D has two complementary sets of tools; graphics based drawing tools and customized spreadsheets. We say "complementary" because these tools work together very closely. Everything that you do graphically is automatically recorded in the spreadsheets for you. You may view and edit these spreadsheets at any time. The converse is also true; what you enter and view in the spreadsheets may be viewed and edited graphically at any time. You will be thoroughly exposed to both sets of these tools in this tutorial. Defining the Model Some data such as cross section properties, load combinations, oddball joint coordinates, etc. are most easily entered numerically, and the best tool for numeric input is a spreadsheet. Other data such as regularly spaced joints, member connectivity, regular loadings and wholesale changes are better handled using graphic drawing tools. Typically you'll use the spreadsheets to define some preliminary information such as material and section properties. Then you will proceed to the drawing grid and graphically draw the bulk of your model and apply loads. Other graphic edit features are built around RISA-3D's graphic selection tools. These features let you graphically edit the model or parts of it. For example, to modify boundary conditions, you would choose the condition you want to apply and select the joints to modify. Keep in mind that almost all the model data can be edited either way (graphically or numerically in the spreadsheet). You can decide for yourself which method is preferable. Solving the Model Once you've got the model defined, you'll need to solve the model. RISA-3D features fast 32-bit solution speed, so your model solutions will be pretty quick. Once the model is solved you'll be presented with the results. 4 Version 5.0 Overview Reviewing the Results You can review your results graphically or with the spreadsheets. Spreadsheet solution results (displacements, forces, stresses, etc.) are listed on the Results menu. You can sort and filter these results to get exactly what you want. In the button and choose the results graphic views you can click on the Plot Options that you want to display; force diagrams, plate contours, deflected shapes, etc. Important Assumption! The tutorial is written with the assumption that RISA-3D has not been customized and is in the default, installed state. RISA-3D allows you to customize its settings so that it best suits your needs. If the installation of RISA-3D that you are using has been customized then the options may not agree with those that are assumed here, which may lead to some confusion. You may reset the program defaults by selecting this option in the Preferences on the Tools menu. Conventions Used in the Tutorials Action Items This tutorial builds upon itself from start to finish and it is important that you do not miss a step and get off track. To help you avoid overlooking a step we have underlined the action items that call for you to actually do something on your computer. If you wish to work through the tutorial quickly you may scan for the action items and read the details that interest you. Using the Mouse When we say to "click" something with the mouse, we mean move the mouse so the mouse pointer on the screen is on the object. Once there, press and release the left mouse button. Occasionally we will want you to click the RIGHT button. In this case we will expressly say to click the RIGHT button. If we say click something without mentioning which button, click the left button. Using the Keyboard During the tutorial, entries you are to type will be shown like this: 12 , 10 , ... When you see an entry such as this, type it in exactly as listed, except don't type the commas! When something is listed in brackets ([ ]), it means press the particular key. For example, [Enter] means press the "Enter" key, [Spacebar] means press the space bar, etc. "Alt-" and "Ctrl-" mean press the listed key while holding down the Alt or Ctrl key. [F1], [F2], ... mean press the indicated function key at the top of the keyboard. Version 5.0 5 RISA-3D User's Guide First Look at RISA-3D Starting RISA-3D So lets take a quick first look at RISA-3D and then we'll begin the tutorial. Start the program as shown below by clicking on the Start button and then choose Programs and then RISA and finally RISA-3D. The remainder of this chapter will give an overall guide of what you have in front of you. (The next action item is on page 15.) Title Bar Main Menu RISA Toolbar Minimize Maximize/Restore Close Button Status Bar Workspace Data Entry Toolbar 6 Version 5.0 First Look at RISA-3D The RISA-3D logo image in the center of the screen will disappear after a few seconds. Lets take a moment to explain what you have in front of you. Title Bar The bar along the top of the screen is called the title bar. It contains the name of the file that is currently open in RISA-3D. The three buttons on the far right side of the title bar are used to control the main window. The button will shrink RISA-3D to a button on the taskbar. The button will shrink the RISA3D window on your screen. The button will close RISA-3D, prompting you to save changes if necessary. You will also see these buttons in other RISA-3D windows and they have basically the same functions there as well. Main Menu Just beneath the title bar is the RISA-3D main menu beginning with File on the far left and ending with Help on the right. These menus provide access to all of the features RISA-3D has to offer. Clicking on each of these menus will display sub-menus that contain options that you may choose from. The toolbar buttons mentioned in the next section provide easy access to many of these menu options. File Menu - The File menu helps you access file operations such as opening and saving, importing, exporting and appending files. Edit ­ The Edit menu provides editing tools that help you modify and manipulate the spreadsheets. You may use this menu to add or remove information from the spreadsheets or to sort and mathematically operate current spreadsheet data. Global ­ The Global parameters allow you to set options that apply to the entire model such as design codes, shear deformation and warping effects, p-delta options and model descriptions and notes. Units ­ This option takes you to the Units dialog where you can choose different units and convert existing data. View ­ Use the View menu to open a new model view or to adjust the current view. Insert ­ The Insert menu is used to insert joints, members, plates and loads into the model. All of these items may be input graphically or entered in the spreadsheets. This menu gives access to the graphical methods that RISA-3D provides and the Spreadsheet menu helps you access the spreadsheets. Modify ­ The Modify menu gives access to the graphic editing features and may be used to modify existing joints, members, plates and loads. Spreadsheets ­ You may open any of the input spreadsheets from this menu. Solve ­ Use this menu to access the analysis options provided with RISA-3D. Version 5.0 7 RISA-3D User's Guide Results ­ All analysis result spreadsheets may be accessed from this menu. Tools ­ RISA-3D provides features to help you organize identify and correct problems as you model the structure. Program preferences are also located here. Window ­ The Window menu can be used to manage all of the windows that you have open in RISA-3D whether they are spreadsheets or model views. Special tiling options are provided here that are geared to specific modeling tasks. Help ­ Use this menu to access the extensive on-line help system provided with RISA-3D. Director ­ If your RISA-3D model is linked to a RISAFloor model, then you will use this menu to switch between the two programs. Toolbars RISA-3D has toolbars with buttons to help you access common commands and popular options. All you need to note at this time is where the toolbar is. If at any time you are not sure what a particular button does, simply let your mouse hover over the button and a helpful tip will pop up and explain the button. RISA Toolbar The RISA Toolbar is the first horizontal row of buttons beneath the menu. These buttons perform general actions such as opening and closing files, changing design parameters, printing, and solving the model. Now is a good time to note that there are many ways to access the features available to you in RISA-3D and the method that you will use will simply be a matter of personal preference. The good news is that RISA-3D gives you the options. The tutorial will tend to lean to the use of toolbar buttons but be aware that the menu contains the same options and there are shortcut keys and hot keys that can't be beat in the interest of speed. Window Toolbar The Window Toolbar is the second horizontal toolbar. It gets its name because the buttons change as you move from window to window in order to help you with what you are currently doing. When you are working in a graphic model view the buttons above provide tools, such as rotate and zoom, to assist you with that view. When you are working in a spreadsheet, this toolbar will contain the buttons similar to those below, which provide spreadsheet tools such as Fill and Math. 8 Version 5.0 First Look at RISA-3D Drawing Toolbar The Drawing Toolbar is the third horizontal toolbar in the figure above. This toolbar may be turned on and off as needed to help you with graphic editing. Selection Toolbar The Selection Toolbar is the vertical toolbar along the left side of the screen. It provides selection tools to help you work with parts of the model. You will make selections when you do things like graphically edit only part of the model or print only part of the results. This toolbar only works with the model view windows so if you are working in another window such as a spreadsheet, this toolbar will not be seen. Spreadsheet Toolbars The vertical toolbar on the right of your screen is the Data Entry Toolbar. It looks a bit different because it has larger buttons with text on them, instead of pictures. This toolbar is to assist you in accessing the spreadsheets while building a model. The buttons are generally in the order in which you would typically build a model. We will use this toolbar frequently as we work through the tutorial. A similar Results Toolbar is presented after the model has been solved to help you access the result spreadsheets. These toolbars may be turned on and off by clicking and on the RISA Toolbar. Version 5.0 9 RISA-3D User's Guide Workspace The actual work that you do in RISA-3D will be in the main area on the screen, which we will call the workspace. Currently the workspace contains a white model view with the default drawing grid and the New Model options. (We will see how to change the default grid and many other defaults as we go along.) As we open new model views and spreadsheets they will also appear in the workspace. This brings us to the types or windows that we can work with. Windows Scroll bar buttons Scroll box You will work within model views and spreadsheets, each in their own window that may be moved around the workspace and sized as you wish. A powerful feature of RISA-3D is the ability to have multiple model views and multiple spreadsheets open at one time. The options in the Window menu are provided to help you manage these windows. Notice in the windows above, the same three buttons are located in the upper right corner to help you minimize, maximize and close the window. There are also scroll bars to help you view information that is outside of the window viewing area. Click the scroll bar buttons or drag the scroll box to advance the display in one direction or another. 10 Version 5.0 First Look at RISA-3D Views You may open as many model view windows as you like. This is especially helpful when working in close on large models. You might have one overall view and a few views zoomed in and rotated to where you are currently working. You may have different information plotted in each view. One thing to remember is that the toolbars that RISA-3D displays depend upon what window is active. The active window is the one with the colored titlebar. For example, if you are looking for the zoom toolbar button and the active window is a spreadsheet. You need to select a model view first before you can access the zooming tools. Spreadsheets Horizontal Scroll Buttons Column Buttons Active Cell Row Buttons Spreadsheets are made up of rows and columns of data cells. If you wish to add or edit data in a spreadsheet cell you click on the cell, making it the "active" cell, and then edit the cell. There is always one and only one active cell, which is the cell that has the "attention" of the keyboard. This "active cell" is simply the green Version 5.0 11 RISA-3D User's Guide cell that moves around the spreadsheet as you hit the cursor keys ( , ), Page Up, Page Down, Home, End, etc. You may also select blocks of cells to work on. To select a block of cells, click and hold the mouse button on the first cell in the block and then drag the mouse to the opposite corner of the block and release the mouse. To select an entire row or column simply click the row or column button. You may select multiple rows or columns by clicking and dragging the mouse across multiple row or column buttons. Dialogs Dialog windows are windows that help you perform a specific function within the program. For example if you were to select Open from the File menu you will be presented with the dialog box above, which helps you find the file you wish to open. You will find that dialogs are very easy to work with. There are Help buttons that will bring you directly to the relevant topic in the help file. You may also click on the button in the titlebar, and then click on any item in the dialog to get help for that item. Status Bar The status bar across the bottom of the screen is to pass information to you as you work with RISA-3D. This bar has four parts. The left side of the bar has the letters "S", "D" and "R" to indicate the solved state of the model for Static, Dynamic and Response Spectra solutions. The letters are currently gray to indicate that none of these solutions have been performed. After performing a solution you will notice these letters become blue and a checkmark is placed in front of them. To the right of the solved status flags are three boxes which will pass you information while you work. These are called status boxes. The first status box is used to pass general information that is relevant to what you are currently doing. Look to this box for help as you need it. 12 Version 5.0 First Look at RISA-3D The middle message box is used to report the units of the current spreadsheet cell. As you move from cell to cell look to the middle status box for the appropriate units. Currently the box is empty because we are not working in a spreadsheet. The status box on the right is used to pass the mouse coordinates to you as you work in the model view. We will point this out again and use it to help us throughout the tutorial. Getting Help RISA-3D offers a variety of ways to find help with the program in general or with a specific feature. There are three types of help available within RISA-3D: General Help, Window Help and "What's This?". Help Topics Use the toolbar button to open the three-tabbed help window below and search on your own. The first tab, Contents, displays the list of major content areas that you may choose from by double clicking on them. The Index tab allows you to search for help topics based on keywords. The third tab, Find, is a more detailed search that allows you to search the actual text of the topics to locate the keywords that you enter. Once you have a topic open there are a number of options available to you that make Help even more useful. Click the menu options to do such things as annotate the file with your own notes or place a bookmark. Window Specific Help Window help accesses the above help topics for you. Use the toolbar button or the button in dialog boxes to open the appropriate help file topic that is relevant to what you are currently working on. This is very useful! Version 5.0 13 RISA-3D User's Guide "What's This?" "What's This?" is a Help option that lets you point to an item in a dialog box and find a brief definition of the item. Click the button on the right side of the dialog title bar and the mouse cursor changes to allow you to then click on an item in the dialog. A brief description of the item will be displayed. For toolbars you may simply let your mouse hover over the button to display a description of the button. As you proceed through this tutorial, you may wish to review the help information for any windows you have questions about. What's Ahead In the tutorials we will be modeling this structure: We'll make use of both the spreadsheet and graphic drawing capabilities of RISA3D. In Tutorial 1 we will create a 2-D frame comprised of a concrete frame supporting a wood truss. In Tutorial 2 we'll "extrude" this into a 3D model, add steel beams, girts and plates. Tutorial 3 will show how to define loads in the model. Tutorial 4 will teach how to run static solutions and review the results. Tutorial five will demonstrate dynamic analysis and seismic design. This tutorial is intended to demonstrate the "real world" design process. This means we won't just enter the data once, solve the model and miraculously have a completed design. Just as in the real world, we'll enter the data, solve the model, review results, go back and make changes, etc. Any program can look good for a "one time through, no mistakes" data entry procedure; the real test is how easily can you change your model! 14 Version 5.0 Tutorial 1 - Modeling Tutorial 1 - Modeling So we have started RISA-3D and are ready to define our model. We should note here that your picture might not look exactly like the screen above. Your computer screen resolution and font sizes can change the appearance of the menu and toolbars. This is simply cosmetic and should not affect your ability to go through this tutorial. Starting a New File Starting a new file presents you with a clean slate with some initial options. A blank drawing grid is placed in the workspace and you are given options in a dialog box with the title Starting a Model. You can choose to start drawing your model or open an existing model. To start a new model you may begin by defining members, plates or use a template to generate it automatically, or click Cancel and work on your own. Notice that a box is checked that reads "Open the Global Parameters window also". Automatically Generating with Templates RISA-3D has powerful templates that automate the generation of structures. You may access them by selecting Structure on the Insert menu or clicking . Some of the templates are very specific such as the Rectangular Tank with Stiffeners or the Warren Truss template. Some are general such as the Circular Disk With Plates. This way you can generate just about any typical or repetitive model or model component. The tutorials do not use the templates in order to teach you how to model structures without them. Once you know this you will Version 5.0 15