User manual SABINE FBX1220

O pe r ati ng with SMARTFILTERS ContentS SECTION ONE -- FrONT & BaCk PaNElS 1.1. FBX2420 Front Panel Controls & LED Indicators 1.2. FBX2420 Back Panel Controls & Connections SECTION TwO -- aPPlICaTIONS 2.1. FBX Setup for Monitors 2.2. FBX Setup for Entire Mix 2.3. FBX Setup for Single Insert Point 2.4. FBX Setup for Insert Send & Return SECTION THrEE -- ENGINEErING SPECIFICaTIONS SECTION FOUr -- OPEraTING INSTrUCTIONS 4.1. Before You Begin 4.2. How To Operate your FBX1220 / FBX2420 SECTION FIVE -- HOw TO USE FBX FEaTUrES 5.1. Input / Output Level Switches 5.2. FBX Filter Control 5.3. Important Operating Considerations SECTION SIX -- TrOUBlESHOOTING TIPS SECTION SEVEN -- FBX THEOry & PraCTICE 7.1. Introduction to FBX 7.2. The Advantages of FBX Filters 7.3. Parametric Filters and FBX 7.4. Who Benefits from FBX? SECTION EIGHT -- CaUTIONS & warraNTy 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 Quick Start Setup on back page SeCtIon one -- Front & BaCk PanelS 1.1. FBX2420 Front Panel Controls & leD Indicators 2 4 6 8 Note: FBX1220 front and back panels use the same controls and input/output configuration 1 3 5 7 1. SETUP Press and hold this button to begin the FBX setup mode. Filter LEDs (light emitting diodes) will flash 5 times and the SETUP LED will begin to flash. You are now ready to set FBX filters. 2. READY The READY LED lights when the automatic FBX setup process has completed, or the READY button has been pressed. This indicates your unit is ready for operation. The total number of filters available for feedback filtering is 12; in the factory default setting, your unit will automatically enter READY mode when the tenth filter is set. Alternatively, you may enter READY status with fewer Fixed FBX filters in place, simply by pressing the READY button at any time. Press READY again to lock the Fixed filters. 3. BYPASS Bypass mode takes the unit out of the signal path so that it will have no effect on the program. In active mode, the unit controls feedback automatically. The red BYPASS LED lights when the unit is in bypass mode. 4. SIGNAL LEVEL The LED ladder indicates the signal strength relative to the FBX's input clip level. 5. RESET DYNAMICS & DYNAMIC FILTER TIMER Press and hold this button until the Dynamic filter flash and LEDs go off to reset all Dynamic filters. See Section 5.2.4. for enabling and setting the Dynamic Filter Timer. 6. NUMBER FIXED Set the number of available fixed filters by pressing the NUMBER FIXED button (6) until the LEDs stop flashing, then release it. The LEDs (8) will begin to light in sequence. When the LED corresponding to the desired number of fixed filters lights, press the Number Fixed button to register your selection. 7. FIFTH OCTAVE Press the button at any time to select wider filters for any new filters to be set. It is possible to have both 1/5 and 1/10 octave constant "Q" filters active in one channel simultaneously. 8. FILTER STAGE ACTIVITY When one of the unit's filters is activated, the corresponding LED lights. A blinking LED indicates the filter that was most recently activated. 1.2. FBX2420 Back Panel Controls & Connections 13 13 13 13 9 11 10 12 14 12 14 15 16 15 16 9. A/C Power Input The FBX1220 & FBX2420 Series is factory configured to operate at 230 VAC. Using the wrong input voltage may cause permanent damage to the unit and will void the warranty. 10. Fuse This equipment is fitted with an IEC power inlet incorporating a built-in fuse holder. To change the fuses in this socket: 1. Disconnect the power cord from the unit. 2. Pull out the fuse holder and remove the old fuse. 3. Install a new fuse into the holder. Replace only with one of the following fuses: · 230 VAC: 0.1 A, 10 W, 0.160 A SB fuse 4. Refit the fuse cover. 11. Power Switch Previous settings retained during power-off. 12. Quarter-inch Output TRS balanced or TS Unbalanced output . 13. Input/Output Level Switches Set to match your desired Input/Output level configurations. For unity gain set both switches to the same postion. 14. XLR Output XLR balanced output. 15. Quarter-inch Input TRS balanced or TS unbalanced input. 16. XLR Input XLR balanced input. 2 SeCtIon two -- aPPlICatIonS 2.1. FBX Setup for Monitors Monitor Mix 1 Monitor Mix 2 Ch. B IN Ch. A IN Ch. B OUT Ch. A OUT 2.2. FBX Setup for entire Mix right Main Send left Main Send All other Signal Processing Ch. B OUT Ch. A OUT Ch. B IN Ch. A IN 2.3. FBX Setup for Single Insert Point IMPORTANT NOTE · Mixing balanced and unbalancedconnectionsmayresult ina6dBlossofgain. TS "Y" Connector Ch. 1 < Low Z > < High Z > < Insert > Ch. 2 Ch. B OUT Ch. A OUT Ch. B IN Ch. A IN TS "Y" Connector TRS Connector Y Insert Cords (TRS to TS + TS) TRS Connector 2.4. FBX Setup for Insert Send & return Ch. 1 TS or TRS Connectors Ch. A OUT Ch. A IN Insert > Return < Insert Send IMPORTANT NOTE IMPORTANT NOTE · Use a ¼-inch TRS plug for · Use a ¼-inch TRS plug for balancedsends/inserts. balancedsends/inserts. · Use a ¼-inch TS plug for · Use a ¼-inch TS plug for unbalancedsends/inserts. unbalancedsends/inserts. · Mixing balanced and unbal· Mixing balanced and unbalancedconnectionsmayresult ancedconnectionsmayresult ina6dBlossofgain. ina6dBlossofgain.Refer to section 5.2. Ch. B OUT Ch. B IN Ch. 2 Insert > Return < Insert Send TS or TRS Connectors Tests performed using an Audio Precision System One model 322 or equal. SeCtIon tHree -- enGIneerInG SPeCIFICatIonS FILTERS · 12 independent digital notch filtersperchannel, controlled automatically from 40 Hz to 20 KHz. · Filterwidth: user-controllable - either 1/10 or 1/5 octave*, constant "Q" · Resolution: 1 Hz · Timerequiredtofindandeliminate feedback: 0.4 seconds, typical @ 1 KHz · Number of Dynamic vs. Fixed filters per channel: user selectable. Last configuration stored in memory. *Below approximately 200 Hz the feedback filters become slightly wider to increase the feedback and rumble capture speed at these low frequencies. INPUT/OUTPUT** · Input/Output Maximum Signal Levels: Balanced +27dBV peak, unbalanced +21 dBV peak · Output Drive: Unit will perform as specified driving a load >600 Ohms · InputImpedance: Balanced or unbalanced >40K Ohms, PIN 2 high · Output Impedance: Balanced or unbalanced 150 Ohms nominal, PIN 2 high · Bypass: True power off bypass · Headroom: +23 dB peak @ 4 dBV LIT-FBX1220-1224-OP-EN-080208.pmd - ks 3 © 2008 Sabine, Inc. nominal input, balanced · I/O Connectors: XLR-3 and 1/4" TRS PERFORMANCE*** · Frequencyresponse: 20 Hz ­ 20 KHz +/- 0.3 dB · Gainmatching: +/- 0.2 dB · SpectralVariation: + .25 dB, 20 Hz to 20 KHz · SNR-DynamicRange: >100 dB · THD: .005% at 1 KHz < 0.01% 20 Hz ­ 10 KHz < 0.025% 10 KHz ­ 20 KHz · DynamicRange: >105 dB POWER INPUT · 230 VAC: 200 ­ 240 VAC 50/60 Hz FUSE · 230 VAC, 0.1 A, 10 W, 0.160 A SB fuse DIMENSIONS · 1-U rack mount; 19 x 1.75 x 6.25 in. nominal (rack mountable); 48.3 x 4.5 x 15.9 cm nominal WEIGHT · 8.0 lbs. (3.6 kg) nominal SeCtIon FoUr -- oPeratInG InStrUCtIonS 4.1. Before You Begin These instructions apply to both the FBX1220 and the FBX2420. The 2420 is a dual-mono version of the 1220. Your FBX Feedback Exterminator will improve any sound reinforcement system. The instructions presume that you are familiar with the fundamentals of sound reinforcement. 4.1.1. where the FBX fits in your sound system: The most common patch point is between the output of the mixer and the input of a power amp. In this position, the FBX can sense and eliminate feedback occurring in any channel of the mixer. An even better solution is on a mixer insert point for a single channel, or a subgroup (see application diagrams in Section Two -- Applications). This targets the feedback control to the mics that need it. Note: If you're using a mixer with unbalanced 1/4" outputs, you must use standard unbalanced cables and connectors when connecting it to the FBX. Similarly, if your mixer is wired for balanced 1/4" Tip-Ring-Sleeve (TRS) outputs, you must use that type of connector. If you don't, you may experience a loss of gain (up to 6 dB) when using the FBX. This can occur if either side of the balanced output is grounded at any point (or when mixing balanced and unbalanced inputs and outputs). 4.1.2. a note about graphic equalizers: The FBX is designed to replace the graphic equalizer's function for eliminating feedback. In many applications, such as churches, auditoriums or small acoustic ensembles, the mixing board provides all the tonal control that is necessary. The FBX can replace the graphic EQ altogether in some applications; however, a graphic equalizer may be beneficial to shape a system's total performance. If you do want to use an equalizer, place the FBX after the EQ in the signal path. Use the EQ's controls to shape the tonal response of the sound system, but DO NOT NOTCH FOR FEEDBACK. 4.1.3. Understanding FIXeD and DYnaMIC filters Before operating the FBX, you need to understand the two types of FBX filters: FIXED and DYNAMIC. FIXED FILTERS retain their frequency center-points until the unit is reset by the user. The system's gain before feedback is limited primarily by the number of fixed filters; i.e., increasing the number of fixed filters increases the system's gain before feedback. In addition, you can LOCK the fixed filters so they do not get any deeper. Locked fixed filters are no longer adaptive. The FBX's DYNAMIC FILTERS control intermittent feedback that comes and goes throughout the program. They are continually reset automatically to different frequencies as new feedback occurs during the program.Formostapplications,theoptimalsetting isnineFIXEDandthreeDYNAMICFILTERS.Thisisthefactorydefault. 4.1.4. Setup & ready Your FBX Feedback Exterminator is either in Setup, Ready, or Bypass mode. SetupMode:It's quick and quiet, but use this mode for setup only ­ do not use the FBX for your program while in Setup mode. Think of Setup mode as your key to achieving one of the main benefits of the FBX: getting more gain before feedback. In Setup mode you will be raising the gain of your system so the FBX can place transparent filters (Fixed Filters) that will allow you to get all the gain you need for a loud and clear show. In Setup the FBX is very sensitive so donot talkintothemicsduringsetup, and try to keep room noise to a minimum. If the room is noisy, then go into Ready mode and raise your gain while the fixed filters are still unlocked (flashing Ready LED). Ready Mode: Let the show begin. Your fixed filters are eliminating feedback and giving you extra gain, and your dynamic filters are ready to jump on any new feedback during the show. In this mode your fixed filters are either locked (red LEDs) or unlocked (amber LEDs). We recommend locking your fixed filters for the show. But if you don't have time for the Setup mode, or if the room is just too noisy during setup, then you can start off by unlocking the fixed filters. Leaving the fixed filters unlocked allows them to get deeper if needed, which can be handy if you need to get more gain before feedback. But once your system stabilizes we recommend you lock the fixed filters for the duration of the show! 4 4.2. How to operate your FBX1220 / FBX2420 Placeequipment&makeconnections. Followtheseprocedurestogetmaximumgainbeforefeedback 1 a. Patch your FBX1220 or FBX2420 into system and make all connections (refer to pages 2 and 3 for connection options). b. Place speakers and microphones in performance positions. c. Set Input and Output levels on FBX back panel (see Section 5.1.1. for details). Start with all buttons pushed in. d. If you are using a graphic EQ, adjust only for the desired tonal qualities, but DO NOT NOTCH FOR FEEDBACK. e. Adjust the level for each mixer channel, and set the sound system's master volume to minimum. Power Tips a. Set up one FBX channel at a time. b. DO NOT TALK INTO YOUR SYSTEM while in Setup mode. c. See Section 5.2. FBX Filter Control for information on: · Changing the number of Fixed vs. Dynamic filters · Selecting and mixing 1/10- & 1/5-octave filters · Enabling and setting the Dy- 2 3 Push SETUP button until all LEDs stop flashing and the SETUP light flashes on its own. Setup mode clears all Fixed & Dynamic filters. Do not use Setup mode during your performance. Slowly raise the gain on the mixer or amp until the FBX eliminatesthefirstfewfeedbacktones. DO NOT TALK INTO THE MICS. The FBX will quickly begin to find and remove feedback. The first Fixed filter set will be heard as a quiet feedback chirp and shown as an amber LED. As you slowly raise the gain, more feedback chirps will be heard, and more amber LEDs will light. a.Ifyouareusingstationarymicrophones: Continue raising the gain until all filter LEDs cycle back and forth in sequence. This is your indication that the FBX is exiting setup mode. IMPORTANT: Reduce gain slightly. You are now in READY (performance) mode, with the Fixed filters locked and the blue Ready light on. Begin the show! Front panel filter LEDs lighting as gain is raised and Fixed filters are set. You can get more gain in a variety of locations. To do this, lower the system gain after the first few filters are set, then move the microphone to another area where it will be used and raise the gain slowly as before. Repeat this process while you continueraisingthegainuntilallfilterLEDscyclebackandforth insequence. This is your indication that the FBX is exiting setup mode. IMPORTANT: Reduce gain slightly. You are now in READY (performance) mode, with the Fixed filters locked and the blue Ready light on. Begin the show! b.Ifyouareusingwirelessmicrophones: FILTER COLOR KEY FBX Filters Fixed, Locked Fixed, Unlocked BLUE LEDs RED AMBER Ready LED Steady BLUE Flashing c.YoumayquitSetupmodeatanytime prior to its automatic exit by simply pressing the READY button (blue READY LED will flash). Press it again at any time to lock the Fixed filters (blue READY LED stays on). Whether locked or unlocked, pressing the READY button before Setup mode automatically finishes will enable ready-to-operate status, but with fewer fixed FBX filters in place. Dynamic FBX filters are still available to eliminate new feedback, regardless of how or when SETUP mode is exited. Begin the show! IfyoudonothavetimetouseSetupMode: Push the READY button -- the blue LED flashes indicating the fixed filters are unlocked. Begin your show, and once several fixed filters are set we recommend you lock them by pushing ready again (blue LED stays lit). You won't get all the potential benefit of increased gain before feedback, but you will get automatic feedback control during your performance. Fixed&DynamicFilters See Section 4.1.3. for details on the differences between Fixed and Dynamic FBX filters, and Section 5.2.2. for instructions on changing the balance of Fixed versus Dynamic filters. LIT-FBX1220-1224-OP-EN-080208.pmd - ks 5 © 2008 Sabine, Inc. 4 SeCtIon FIVe -- How to USe FBX FeatUreS 5.1. Input / output level Switches Use the two-position switches on the back panel of your FBX1220 / FBX2420 to compensate for input level or output level requirements. NOTE: For unity gain (recommended), set the channel's input & output level switches to the same setting. 5.1.1. Setting levels: Set both Input & output switches the same for Unity Gain pOsitiOn input level switches Output level switches OUT IN Accepts low level input up to +6 dBU Accepts high level input up to +24 dBU Outputs at low level, for sending signal to low-level devices or some insert points. See Section 2 for more information on applications. Outputs at high level, for most line-level devices. See Section 2 for more information on applications. 5.2. FBX Filter Control 5.2.1. Selecting Filter width If you're using the FBX for a music application, the standard 1/10-octave constant "Q" filter is most effective. However, in spoken word applications, such as lectures or teleconferencing, we recommend using the wider 1/5-octave filter for more robust feedback control. You may enable the 1/5-octave filters by pressing the FIFTH OCTAVE button, and the built-in LED will light. Only filters set after pressing the button in will be 1/5-octave. Press the button again to set subsequent filters to standard 1/10-octave filters. You can mix filter widths: start with a few filters at 1/5 for the worst feedback points, then switch to 1/10. 5.2.2. Setting number of Fixed vs. Dynamic Filters To change the number of Fixed filters from the factory default of 9 Fixed and 3 Dynamic per channel, push the READY button for 4 seconds. The filters LEDs will flash 4 times and then go out. Release the READY button, and the LEDs will begin to light in sequence. When the LED corresponding to the desired number of Fixed filters lights, press the READY button again. IMPORTANT TIP: You can mix 1/10- and 1/5-octave filters in the same channel. If you have an especially bad feedback problem, try making the first few filters 1/5-octave filters. 5.2.3. resetting FBX Filters AllFBXfilters: To reset all FBX filters, follow the directions in Section 4.2. DynamicFBXfiltersonly: To reset only Dynamic filters, press RESET DYNAMICS until the current Dynamic filter LEDs flash and then turn off. Release the button. 5.2.4. Dynamic Filter timer The Dynamic Filter Timer, when enabled, automatically resets Dynamic filters after a user-selected time has passed (refer to Timer Settings chart at right). 5.2.4.1. Set the Dynamic Filter timer 1. Press and hold the RESET DYNAMICS button. The Dynamic LEDs flash twice and reset. Continue holding the button and the current Dynamic Filter Timer setting will flash twice (filter LEDs 1-5, see Filter Timer Chart at right). 2. Release the RESET DYNAMICS button and filter LEDs 1-5 will cycle through the possible timer settings. 3. Press RESET DYNAMICS again at the desired timer setting. LEDs will flash twice (including filter LEDs indicating the current timer setting). Your Dynamic Filter Timer is now set. The timer starts individually for each Dynamic filter. 5.3. Important operating Considerations 5.3.1. Power-off Memory The FBX stores the positions and depths of the filters in nonvolatile internal memory when the unit is turned off or during a power failure. The unit will return all filters to their previous frequencies and depths when it is turned back on. 5.3.2. Bypass Mode The FBX has a true power-off bypass. The signal is unaffected in Bypass mode even if the unit is turned off. Note that if a combination of balanced and unbalanced inputs and outputs is used, the signal may be disconnected or attenuated in Bypass. 5.3.3. Setup Mode NOTE:Setupmodeisforpre-performanceaudiosetuponly,andwillcausedistortioninyouraudioprogramiflefton duringperformance.You must follow the setup procedure outlined in the previous section, and do not play program or talk into the mics during Setup. Otherwise the FBX will clip and filters may be set improperly (Clip level is set to the lowest level 6 so the feedback clips quickly; therefore, your program will also be clipped in setup mode). Be sure the blue Ready light is on (either flashing or steady) and if it isn't, press the READY button before your program begins. You'llknowtheFBX1220 /FBX2420isinsetupmodewhentheSETUPbuttonislit.NOTE: You can manually override Setup mode if necessary. That's right -- press the Ready button! 5.3.4. Mobile vs. Stationary Microphones One significant advantage offered by the Sabine family of FBX Feedback Exterminator products is their ability to adapt to changing acoustical relationships involving sound system components in various applications. One major source of potential feedback problems arises in situations with wireless microphones, when the user of the wireless mic is moving around the performance area. As a microphone moves in a sound space, with varying degrees of proximity to the speakers and varying acoustic responses, feedback frequencies may shift. In such a situation, feedback-free mobility may be more important a concern than maximum system gain. For this reason we recommend setting FBX filters for mobile microphones by moving to the various possible microphone locations and setting filters for those locations. As the Setup instructions show, raise the system gain and set the FBX filters in each predictable location. In some situations, increasing the number of dynamic filters (versus fixed FBX filters) may allow a second layer of defense against new feedback from new locations. This technique is recommended if you cannot predict where the performer may roam. But fixed FBX filters placed in the setup procedure are still your best bet because the feedback filters are already set. SeCtIon SIX -- troUBleSHootInG tIPS Q. Can I place the FBX in the mixer's EQ loop? A. Yes. Q. Can I place the unit in the mixer effects loop? A. Avoidthisconfiguration.Youcanconfigurethesystemthis wayonlyifeacheffectssendofeachmixerchannelissetso thatallofthesignalisroutedcompletelythroughtheeffects loop.Youcannotmixdrysignalwitheffectssignalandstill controlfeedback. Q. The signal input LEDs do not light. The unit will not catch feedback. Why? A. Theunitisnotinthesignalpath.Checktheconnections. Besurethattheprogramisinterruptedwhentheinputis disconnectedfromthebackoftheunit. Q. Can I mix balanced and unbalanced inputs and outputs? A. Yes.Anunbalancedinputandbalancedoutputiscompatible. Q. Why does one of the FILTER ACTIVITY LEDs blink? A. The last filter to be automatically updated blinks. During normaloperation,theblinkingwillmovefromfiltertofilteras theyarereset.Thisgivestheuseravisualconfirmationthat theunitisrespondingtonewfeedbackandisfunctioning properly. Q. Sometimes during the initial setup, the first filter LED will blink before any feedback has been introduced into the system. Why? A. TheFBXwillsetafilterifthesystemhasahum.Checkfor badgrounds.TryresettingthefilterswiththeunitinBypass. IfthevenueisnoisypresstheReadybuttononcebefore takingtheunitoutofBypass.ThentakeitoutofBypassand proceedwiththenormalinitiationprocedure. Q. Why does my system sound thin and muffled? A. PlacetheFBXinBYPASSMODE.Ifthesystemstillsounds thin,yourproblemisprobablyimproperuseofagraphicEQ. IftheproblemisreallytheFBX,re-initializethesystemand makesuretheREADYbuttonLEDisonsteadily. Q. Why does my program sound clipped and distorted? A. MakesureyouarenotinSetupmode.Setupmodeturnsoff automaticallyafterthefirstdynamicfilterisset,oryoucan turnitoffmanuallybypressingtheREADYbutton.SeeSection5.3.3.forinformationonSetupmode. Q. Can I patch two FBX channels together for twice the filters? A. Yes;connecttheoutputofoneFBXchanneltotheinputof theotherchannel.PatchtheFBXbetweentheoutputofthe mixerandtheinputofapoweramp,andsetupthechannels sequentially.WhencombiningchannelAwithchannelBonan FBX2420,setallchannelAfiltersfofixed(seesection5.2.2) and bypass channel B. Follow normal setup procedure on channelA,andlockthefixedfilters(seesection4.2).Then followthestandardsetupprocedurechannelB,whichshould haveafewdynamicfiltersavailable. Q. Why doesn't the FBX1220 & FBX2420 Series filter feedback immediately? A. Fourpossiblereasons: 1. Lowerfrequenciesmaytakelongerthanhigherones. 2.Checkinputlevelofsignalattheunitandsetgainsothe signallevelLED'sontheunitlightup. 3. Itmaybepatchedinan"effectsloop",notdirectlyinthe signalpath.ThisWILLNOTWORK. © 2008 Sabine, Inc. 4. Youmayhaveusedall12filters.Dynamicfilterswillcontinuetooperatebynotchingfeedbackfrequenciesasthey occur,butultimately,gainwillexceedfiltercapacity. LIT-FBX1220-1224-OP-EN-080208.pmd - ks 7 SeCtIon SeVen -- FBX tHeorY & PraCtICe 7 .1. Introduction to FBX® WHY FBX? Feedback is certainly the most pervasive challenge to the audio industry. The potential appearance of sudden, loud, out-of-control feedback is every sound engineer's and musician's nightmare. Unlike more subtle audio quality problems or shortcomings, feedback is embarrassingly obvious -- it disturbs the performer, the audience, and the technician, and can damage equipment and just generally ruin your day. Feedback is a potential problem in any amplified sound system that places a microphone or pickup in proximity to a loudspeaker. Poor acoustical conditions or misguided use by unsophisticated sound system operators only aggravate the situation. To make matters still worse, a non-Sabine variety of wireless microphone adds yet another level of feedback danger to the picture. Since feedback erupts whenever the distance, location, and gain relationships between a speaker and a microphone reach a critical combination, a mic that can move anywhere results in an ever changing potential for feedback. A step in the wrong direction may change a clear sound to a piercing shriek in less than a second. This enhanced potential for feedback with a wireless system gets worse if lavalier microphones are used. Such microphones are usually placed farther from the mouth than handheld or head set microphones, thus requiring more gain. Also, the polar pattern of a lavalier microphone is frequently omnidirectional. Thus, the likelihood of feedback increases, due to the microphone's increased off-axis sensitivity to the sound emanating from the loudspeakers. The Sabine FBX1220 and FBX2420 systems solve feedback problems by precise attenuation of very narrow bands of feedback-prone frequencies. The process is automatic, simple to use, adaptable to changing acoustical conditions and relationships, powerful in its application, and has minimal consequences to the audio fidelity of the signal. We call this automatic filter an FBX Feedback Exterminator® filter, or FBX filter for short. -10 dB cut at 500, 630, 1K, 1.25K, 1.6K & 2K Hz If the graphic EQ really had 1/3 octave filter widths, the frequency response curve would vary 6 dB between sliders. This would ruin the sound. Graphic EQs usually use one-octavewide overlapping filters that provide much smoother frequency response curves. Notice that the overlapping filters add together to cut -16 dB when the sliders are only pulled down -10 dB. 7 .2. the advantages of FBX Filters Before the invention of FBX, the most common device for controlling feedback was the 31-band graphic EQ. However, an FBX filter offers three distinct advantages over graphic filters. 1. FirstandmostobviousistheautomaticnatureofFBXfilters.Whenfeedbackoccurs, FBX responds more quickly than even the most experienced engineer. Automatic FBXplacementworkseveninthepresenceofaudioprogrammaterial,intelligently distinguishingfeedbackfrommusicorspeech. 2. AsecondadvantageisthatFBXmicro-filtersarepreciselyplacedanywherefeedback occurs(with1Hzresolution),whilegraphicEQfiltersarelimitedto31fixedcenter points.AnFBXfilterrepresentsadirecthitonfeedback!Incontrast,agraphicEQ filtercanonlyapproximatetheexactfrequencyofthefeedback,andthefilter(orfilters) withtheclosestcenterfrequencymustbepulleddown.Suchfiltersaredeepestat theircenters,andsuchimpreciseattenuationtakesabig(andunnecessary)chunk outofyoursound(seefigure7a). 3. Increasedclarityandgain-before-feedbackarefurtheraccomplishedbythethirdand mostimportantadvantageofFBX:Sabine'smicro-filtersaretentimesnarrowerthan 31-bandEQfilters.UsingFBXmicro-filterswillreturnupto90percentofthepower removedbyEQfilters. Here's a good place to make a very important distinction. Graphic EQ filters are typically called "1/3-octave," but it's important to understand that this term refers to the spacing of the filter centers (1/3-octave apart), and not the width of the filter (usually a full octave). Graphic filters thus overlap one another, and affect frequencies well above and below the center point frequency, including frequencies of adjacent bands. This makes graphic equalizers very practical tools for shaping sound "with broad strokes," such as dialing in overall system EQ, but results in destructive audio quality overkill when they are used to eliminate feedback. A graphic equalizer would need more than 10,000 narrow-band sliders to be as precise and powerful as your FBX. As an example of the power of FBX, figure 7b shows test results measured with a PA set up consisting of a microphone, mixer, FBX Feedback Exterminator®, power amp and two speakers. The system's gain was first raised until the FBX removed nine feedback points. Next, the FBX was replaced with a graphic EQ. The EQ was adjusted while the system gain was raised to the same level achieved with the FBX. The frequency response curves of each device were then plotted and are compared in figure 7b. Note how much more of the program (the "good audio") is eliminated using an EQ -- whereas only feedback is eliminated using FBX filters. Fig. 7a. 7 .3. Parametric Filters and FBX 8 Of course, many savvy sound engineers, realizing the limitations of graphic equalizers in removing problem feedback, prefer to use a different type of equalizer, called a parametric EQ, for such applications. If you're one such audio engineer, you'll be comforted to know that FBX filters share much in common with parametrics. Compared to graphic filters, parametrics allow more precise adjustments -- specifically, control of filter width, the amount of boost or cut, and the mid-band frequency of the filter. This greater precision, however, comes at a price, as parametric filters are not nearly as intuitive or simple to use as graphic equalizers. Nothing, however, is easier to use than an FBX filter, which enjoys the precision of a parametric filter, yet deploys instantly and automatically whenever feedback is detected. Effectively, an FBX filter is a parametric filter set to a tenth-octave width, restricted to cut-only activity, and automatic in its choice of frequency band. 7 .3.1. Dynamic FBX Filters Dynamic FBX filters also set automatically, but can change frequency, on a rotating basis, as the need arises. To help distinguish dynamic from fixed filters, consider the example of a speaker using a wireless lavalier microphone, who walks under a ceiling speaker for the first time. In so doing, he enters a location-specific feedback zone, where it's possible that a problem frequency may have escaped detection and notching by a fixed filter. If all fixed filters have been deployed, a dynamic filter will be set automatically as soon as feedback appears, solving the problem. Great! But what happens when the speaker then moves away from the ceiling speaker, and close to a floor monitor? Feedback from the ceiling speaker is no longer a problem, but a new frequency starts to squeal. If all fixed and dynamic FBX filters are already set, a dynamic filter will change, to adjust to the new location. An FBX dynamic filter thus stands guard if new problem feedback arises after all available filters have been set, providing a deeper and more flexible level of protection against the dreaded surprise of feedback. Other than the ability to change frequency, a dynamic filter is equivalent to a fixed filter. 7 .3.2. Balancing Fixed & Dynamic Filters Your FBX1220, and each channel of your FBX2420, offer a total of 12 FBX filters (combined fixed and dynamic), which can be used as needed to exterminate feedback. After years of experience and experimentation, Sabine has settled upon a default balance of 9 fixed and 3 dynamic filters, set at the factory. This default condition can be changed to any combination you require. If you follow setup instructions for setting FBX filters, your FBX1220/FBX2420 will automatically exit SETUP mode (enter READY status) after all fixed filters and the first dynamic filter are set. In the default condition, this means you will have set ten filters (nine fixed and one dynamic), with two dynamic filters not set and ready to catch new feedback. If you wish to set fewer filters, press the READY button before SETUP automatically exits, after you have set enough filters to safely achieve your desired gain level. In that case, in the factory default condition, you will have three dynamic filters plus the remaining unused (and unlocked) fixed filters available to catch new feedback. 7 .3.3. FBX Filter width Sabine's experience and testing with filters and sound quality led us to decide upon a default FBX filter width of .10 (one-tenth) octave as the optimal notch width. This eliminates feedback very well without affecting music programs. If, with all filters properly set, feedback is still a problem, FBX filters may be set to .20 (one-fifth) octave width. This wider filter setting will potentially control more feedback frequencies, especially when they are clustered, but this wider filter may also affect music programs slightly. For this reason the wider setting is generally considered to be appropriate where speech (less demanding than music) is the primary application. You can change FBX filter widths by pressing the FIFTH OCTAVE button on the front panel. Note that the width of any filter will always be determined by the position of the switch at the time the filter is created. 7 .4. who Benefits from FBX? Virtually every sound system will be improved with the Sabine feedback control. Singers and presenters who do not have sound technicians can now increase their monitor or house system volume so they can hear themselves clearly and with full fidelity, without worrying if their microphones will suddenly squeal if they move to the wrong place. © 2008 Sabine, Inc. LIT-FBX1220-1224-OP-EN-080208.pmd - ks Auditoriums and churches of all sizes will enjoy reliable feedback control. Hotels and conference centers around the world can offer meeting rooms with microphones that won't howl during programs. Sabine FBX systems can be installed in theaters, schools, sports arenas, courtrooms, teleconferencing rooms, intercoms or interactive remote classrooms -- anywhere one or multiple microphones are used. 9 SeCtIon eIGHt -- CaUtIonS & warrantY Warning!Thisequipmentmustbeearthed. Caution!Riskofelectricshock.Donotopen. Caution!Shockhazard.Donotremovecovers.Nouserserviceable partsinside.Referservicingtoqualifiedservicepersonnel. Warning!Toreducetheriskoffireorelectricshock,donotexposethis producttorainormoisture. Attention!Cetappareildoitêtrereliéàlaterre. Attention!Risquedechocélectrique;nepasouvrir. Attention!Risquedechoc;nepasoterlescapots.Aucunepièceaccessibleàl'intérieur.S'addresseràuntechnicienqualifié. Attention!Pourréduirelerisqued'incendieoudechocélectrique,ne paslaisserl'appareilsouslaplouieouàl'humidité. Achtung!DiesesGerätmussschutzgeerdetsein. Achtung!GefareineselektrischenStormschlags.Gehausenichtöffnen. Achtung!GefareineselektrischenStormschlags.Gehäusenichtöffnen. KeineconBenutzerzubedienendenTeileimGeräteinneren. ÜberlassenSiedasGerätzuServicezweckennurgeschultemFachpersonal. UmBrandgefaroderdasRisikoeineselektrischenSchlags auszuschließen,dasGerätvorNässeundFeuchtigkeitschützen. Advertencia!Esteequipodebeestarconectadoatierra. Precaución!Reisgodedescargaeléctrica.Noabrir. Precaución!Riesgodedescargaeléctrica.Nodesmontarlastapas. Piezasinterioresnoreparablesporelusuario.Reparablesólopor personalcualificado. Advertencia!Parareducirelriesgodeincendioodedescargaeléctrica noexpongaesteproductoalalluviaohumedad. FCC Statement: ThisdevicecomplieswithPart15oftheFCCRules.Operationissubject tothefollowingconditions:(1)Thisdevicemaynotcauseharmfulinterference;and(2)Thisdevicemustacceptanyinterferencereceived,including interferencethatmaycauseundesiredoperation.Warning: Changesor modificationstothisunitnotexpresslyapprovedbythepartyresponsible forcompliancecouldvoidtheuser'sauthoritytooperatetheequipment. NOTE:This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limitsforaClassBdigitaldevice,pursuanttoPart15oftheFCCRules. Theselimitsaredesignedtoprovidereasonableprotectionagainstharmful interferenceinaresidentialinstallation.Thisequipmentgenerates,uses, andcanradiateradiofrequencyenergyand,ifnotinstalledandusedin accordancewiththeinstructions,maycauseharmfulinterferencetoradio communications.However,thereisnoguaranteethatinterferencewillnot occurinaparticularinstallation.Ifthisequipmentdoescauseharmful interferencetoradioortelevisionreception,whichcanbedeterminedby turningtheequipmentoffandon,theuserisencouragedtotrytocorrect theinterferencebyoneormoreofthefollowingmeasures: ·Reorientorrelocatethereceivingantenna. ·Increasetheseparationbetweentheequipmentandreceiver. ·Connecttheequipmentintoanoutletonacircuitdifferent fromthattowhichthereceiverisconnected. ·ConsultthedealeroranexperiencedradioTVtechnicianfor help. Canadian Compliance Statement ThisdigitalapparatusdoesnotexceedtheClassBlimitsforradionoise emissionsfromdigitalapparatussetoutintheRadioInterferenceRegulationsoftheCanadianDepartmentofCommunications. Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassantleslimitesapplicablesauxappareilsnumeriquesdelaclassB prescritesdansleReglementsurlebrouillageradioelectriqueedictepar leministeredesCommunicationsduCanada. Warning! TheFBX1220&FBX2420Seriesisdesignedtooperatefromstandard ACpower.Pleasebesurethepowerinyourareaiscompatiblewith the power requirements marked on the rear of the unit. Using the wronginputvoltagemaycausepermanentdamagetotheunitand willvoidthewarranty. TheFBX1220&FBX2420SeriesissuppliedwithoneofthefollowingACpowercords: Japan 100VAC U.S./NorthAmerica 120VAC ContinentalEurope 230VAC UnitedKingdom 240VAC Australia 240VAC Caution! Replacethefusewithafuseofexactlythesamerating specifiedontherearoftheproduct. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Read all safety and operating instructions before using this product. All safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference. Obeyallcautionsintheoperatinginstructionsandontheunit. Alloperatinginstructionsshouldbefollowed. Useonlyshieldedaudioanddatacables. Thisproductshouldnotbeusedinthepresenceofmoistureorrain, ornearanywater,i.e.,abathtub,sink,swimmingpool,wetbasement, etc. Thisproductshouldbelocatedsothatitspositiondoesnot interferewithproperventilation.Donotuseindirectsunlight.Donot placeflatagainstawallorinabuilt-inenclosurethatwillimpedethe flowofcoolingair. Thisproductshouldnotbeplacednearasourceofheatsuchasa stoveorradiator. Connectonlytoapowersupplyofthetypemarkedontheunitadjacent tothepowerentrymodule. Neverbreakoffthegroundpinonthepowersupplycord. Powersupplycordsshouldalwaysbehandledcarefully.Neverwalk orplaceequipmentonpowersupplycords.Periodicallycheckcords forcutsorsignsofstress,especiallyattheplugandthepointwhere thecordexitstheunit. Thepowersupplycordshouldbeunpluggedwhentheunitistobe unusedforlongperiodsoftime. Careshouldbetakensothatobjectsdonotfallandliquidsarenot spilledintotheunitthroughtheventilationholesoranyotheropenings. Thisunitshouldbecheckedbyaqualifiedservicetechnicianif: A.Thepowersupplycordorplughasbeendamaged. B.Anythinghasfallenorbeenspilledintotheunit. C.Theunitdoesnotoperatecorrectly. D.Theunithasbeendroppedortheenclosuredamaged. 12. 13. 14. 15. Theusershouldnotattempttoservicethisequipment.All serviceworkshouldbedonebyaqualifiedservicetechnician. 10 CAUTION EXPOSURE TO EXTREMELY HIGH NOISE LEVELS MAY CAUSE A PERMANENT HEARING LOSS. INDIVIDUALS VARY CONSIDERABLY IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS, BUT NEARLY EVERYONE WILL LOSE SOME HEARING IF EXPOSED TO SUFFICIENTLY INTENSE NOISE FOR A SUFFICIENT TIME. THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA) HAS SPECIFIED THE NOISE LEVEL EXPOSURES AT RIGHT AS PERMISSIBLE : ACCORDING TO OSHA, ANY EXPOSURE IN EXCESS OF THE ABOVE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS COULD RESULT IN HEARING LOSS. EAR PLUGS OR PROTECTORS IN THE EAR CANALS OR OVER THE EARS MUST BE WORN WHEN OPERATING THIS DEVICE IN ORDER TO PREVENT A PERMANENT HEARING LOSS, IF EXPOSURE IS IN EXCESS OF THE LIMITS AS SET FORTH ABOVE. TO ENSURE AGAINST POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS EXPOSURE TO HIGH SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT ALL PERSONS EXPOSED TO EQUIPMENT CAPABLE OF PRODUCING HIGH SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS SUCH AS THIS DEVICE BE PROTECTED BY HEARING PROTECTORS WHILE THIS UNIT IS IN OPERATION. DURATION PER DAY, HOURS 8 6 4 3 2 1-1/2 1 1/2 1/4 or less SOUND LEVEL dBA SLOW RESPONSE 90 92 95 97 100 102 105 110 115 http://www.osha.gov 1926.52(d)(1) LIMITED WARRANTY THISLIMITEDWARRANTYVALIDONLYWHENPURCHASEDANDREGISTEREDINTHE UNITEDSTATESORCANADA.ALLEXPORTEDPRODUCTSARESUBJECTTOWARRANTY ANDSERVICESTOBESPECIFIEDANDPROVIDEDBYTHEAUTHORIZEDDISTRIBUTOR FOREACHCOUNTRY. Cesclausesdegarantienesontvaiablesqu'auxEtats-UnisetauCanada.Danstouslesautres pays,lesclausesdegarantieetdemaintenancesontfixeesparledistributeurnationaletassureeparluiselonlalegislationenvigueur. DieseGarantieistnurindenUSAandKanadagultig.AlleExport-ProduktesindderGarantie unddemServicedesImporteursdesjewelligenLandesuntervorfen. EstagarantiaesvalidasolamentecuandoelproductoescompradoenE.U.continentalesoen Canada.Todoslosproductosqueseancompradosenelextranjero,estansujetosalasgarantias yservicioquecadadistribuidorautorizadodetermineyotrezcaenlosdiferentespaises. ONE-YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY/REMEDY SABINE,INC.("SABINE")warrantsthisproducttobefreefromdefectsinmaterialandworkmanshipforaperiodofone(1)yearfromdateofpurchasePROVIDED,however,thatthislimited warranty is extended only to the original retail purchaser and is subject to the conditions, exclusionsandlimitationshereinaftersetforth: CONDITIONS, EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF LIMITED WARRANTIES Theselimitedwarrantiesshallbevoidandofnoeffectif: a. Thefirstpurchaseoftheproductisforthepurposeofresale;or b. TheoriginalretailpurchaseisnotmadefromanAUTHORIZEDSABINEDEALER;or c.Theproducthasbeendamagedbyaccidentorunreasonableuse,neglect,improperservice ormaintenance,orothercausesnotarisingoutofdefectsinmaterialorworkmanship;or d. Theserialnumberaffixedtotheproductisaltered,defacedorremoved;or e. Thepowersupplygroundingpinisremovedorotherwisedefeated.Intheeventofadefect inmaterialand/orworkmanshipcoveredbythislimitedwarranty,Sabinewillrepairthedefect inmaterialorworkmanshiporreplacetheproduct,atSabine'soption;andprovided,however, that,inanycase,allcostsofshipping,ifnecessary,arepaidbyyou,thepurchaser. WARRANTYREGISTRATIONCARDSHOULDBECOMPLETEDANDRECEIVEDBYSABINE WITHINFOURTEEN(14)DAYSOFTHEDATEOFYOURPURCHASE. Inordertoobtainserviceunderthesewarranties,youmust: a.Bring the defective item to any Authorized SABINE DEALER and present therewith the ORIGINALPROOFOFPURCHASEsuppliedtoyoubytheAUTHORIZEDSABINEDEALER inconnectionwithyourpurchasefromhimofthisproduct.IftheDEALERisunabletoprovide thenecessarywarrantyservice,youwillbedirectedtothenearestotherSABINEAUTHORIZED DEALERwhichcanprovidesuchservice.OR b.Shipthedefectiveitem,prepaid,to: SAVINGS,ANYINCIDENTALDAMAGESORANYCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGESARISING OUT OFTHE USE OR INABILITYTO USETHE PRODUCT, EVEN IF SABINE HAS BEEN ADVISEDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCHDAMAGES. THESELIMITEDWARRANTIESAREINLIEUOFANYANDALLWARRANTIES,EXPRESSOR IMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTO,THEIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYANDFITNESSFORAPARTICULARUSE;PROVIDED,HOWEVER,THATIFTHE OTHERTERMSANDCONDITIONSNECESSARYTOTHEEXISTENCEOFTHEEXPRESS LIMITEDWARRANTIES,ASHEREINABOVESTATED,HAVEBEENCOMPLIEDWITH,IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARE NOT DISCLAIMED DURING THE APPLICABLE ONE-YEAR PERIOD FROMDATEOFPURCHASEOFTHISPRODUCT. SOMESTATESDONOTALLOWLIMITATIONONHOWLONGANIMPLIEDWARRANTYLASTS, ORTHEEXCLUSIONORLIMITATIONOFINCIDENTALORCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES, SOTHEABOVELIMITATIONSOREXCLUSIONSMAYNOTAPPLYTOYOU.THESELIMITED WARRANTIESGIVEYOUSPECIFICLEGALRIGHTS,ANDYOUMAYALSOHAVEOTHER RIGHTSWHICHMAYVARYFROMSTATETOSTATE. THESELIMITEDWARRANTIESARETHEONLYEXPRESSWARRANTIESONTHISPRODUCT, ANDNOOTHERSTATEMENT,REPRESENTATION,WARRANTYORAGREEMENTBYANY PERSONSHALLBEVALIDORBINDINGUPONSABINE. Intheeventofanymodificationordisclaimerofexpressorimpliedwarranties,oranylimitation ofremedies,containedhereinconflictswithapplicablelaw,thensuchmodification,disclaimer orlimitation,asthecasemaybe,shallbedeemedtobemodifiedtotheextentnecessaryto complywithsuchlaw. Yourremediesforbreachofthesewarrantiesarelimitedtothoseremediesprovidedherein, andSabinegivesthislimitedwarrantyonlywithrespecttoequipmentpurchasedintheUnited StatesofAmerica. INSTRUCTIONS -- WARRANTY REGISTRATION ·MailthecompletedWARRANTYREGISTRATIONCARDto: SABINE,INC. 13301HIGHWAY441 ALACHUA,FL32615-8544 ·Or,registeronlineatwww.Sabine.com IMPORTANT:BesuretokeepthePROOFOFPURCHASE.Intheeventwarrantyserviceis requiredduringthewarrantyperiod,youwillneedthisdocument.Therewillbenoidentification cardissuedbySabine,Inc. IMPORTANCEOFWARRANTYREGISTRATION&NOTIFICATIONOFADDRESSCHANGE: a.Should notification become necessary for any condition that may require correction, the REGISTRATIONCARDwillhelpensurethatyouarecontactedandproperlynotified. b.Notice of address changes -- If you move from the address shown on the WARRANTY REGISTRATIONCARD,youshouldnotifySabineofthechangeofaddresssoastofacilitate yourreceiptofanybulletinsorotherformsofnotificationwhichmaybecomenecessaryin connectionwithanyconditionthatmayrequiredisseminationofinformationorcorrection. YoumaycontactSabinedirectlybytelephoning(386)418-2000. PleasehavetheSabineproductnameandserialnumberavailablewhencommunicatingwith SabineCustomerService. SABINE,INC. 13301HIGHWAY441 ALACHUA,FL32615-8544 LIT-FBX1220-1224-OP-EN-080208.pmd - ks 11 © 2008 Sabine, Inc. Includetherewithacomplete,detaileddescriptionoftheproblem,togetherwithalegiblecopy oftheoriginalPROOFOFPURCHASEandacompletereturnaddress.UponSabine'sreceipt oftheseitems: a.If the defect is remedial under the limited warranties and the other terms and conditions expressedhavebeencompliedwith,Sabinewillprovidethenecessarywarrantyserviceto repairorreplacetheproductandwillreturnit,FREIGHTCOLLECT,toyou,thepurchaser. b.Sabine'sliabilitytothepurchaserfordamagesfromanycausewhatsoeverandregardless oftheformofaction,includingnegligence,islimitedtotheactualdamagesuptothegreater of$500.00oranamountequaltothepurchasepriceoftheproductthatcausedthedamage orthatisthesubjectoforisdirectlyrelatedtothecauseofaction.Suchpurchaseprice willbethatineffectforthespecificproductwhenthecauseofactionarose.Thislimitation ofliabilitywillnotapplytoclaimsforpersonalinjuryordamagetorealpropertyortangible personalpropertyallegedlycausedbySabine'snegligence.Sabinedoesnotassumeliability forpersonalinjuryorpropertydamagearisingoutoforcausedbyanon-Sabinealteration or attachment, nor does Sabine assume any responsibility for damage to interconnected non-Sabineequipmentthatmayresultfromthenormalfunctioningandmaintenanceofthe Sabineequipment. UNDERNOCIRCUMSTANCESWILLSABINEBELIABLEFORANYLOSTPROFITS,LOST actiOn cOntrOls led status fixed details Do Not Talk into Mics! UNLOCKED SETUP MODE 2 Raise Gain Slowly Yourmixer UNLOCKED SETUP MODE Raise gain slowly. Fixed filter LEDs will flash amber and then remain lit one at a time as filters are set. Wireless Mics: If you are using a wireless mic, stop raising gain after a few filters and move the microphone to another performance area; continue slowly raising gain and repeat. LOCKED READY MODE 3 When Filter LEDs cycleleft&right, Stop Raising Gain Or... Push READY anytimetoexit SetupMode StoP Stop raising gain when all filter LEDs light back and forth in sequence and turn red; the first Dynamic filter (green LED) is also set. Setup has now completed. You are ready to go! Important: Reduce gain slightly. This will be your maximum gain setting. UNLOCKED READY MODE 4 Push READY button at any time to exit Setup mode. You are ready to go. The blue LED will flash. Push READY again at any time to Lock Fixed filters - the blue LED stays lit. See the operating guide for more information on locking fixed filters. For complete instructions, please read the operating guide! register your FBX equipment online at Sabine.com SaBIne FBX SetUP 1 Push&Hold SETUP LEDs will flash 5 times, followed by the SETUP button LED flashing. You are now in FBX Setup mode. Do not speak into the mic or play program though the system. Sabine, Inc. · 13301 NW US Highway 441 · Alachua, Florida 32615-8544 USA · Phone: (386) 418-2000 · Fax: (386) 418-2001