MODEL EL-738 BUSINESS/FINANCIAL CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL NOTICE · SHARP makes no guarantee that this product or this manual is suitable or accurate for any purpose, commercial or otherwise. · Rules and practices in financial calculation vary according to country, locality, or financial institution. It is the consumer's responsibility to determine whether or not the results produced by this product conform to applicable rules and regulations. · SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law. · The material in this manual is supplied without representation or warranty of any kind. SHARP assumes no responsibility and shall have no liability of any kind, consequential or otherwise, from the use of this material. · SHARP assumes no responsibility, directly or indirectly, for financial losses or claims from third persons resulting from the use of this product and any of its functions, the loss of or alteration of stored data, etc. · SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired, or any other cause. For Australia/New Zealand only: For warranty information please see www.sharp.net.au 1 Contents Introduction.................................................................. 3 Operational Notes ...............................................................3 Key Notations in This Manual ..............................................4 Chapter 1: Getting Started .......................................... 5 Preparing to Use the Calculator ..........................................5 Resetting the Calculator In Case of Difficulty ......................5 Calculator and Display Layout.............................................6 The SET UP Menu ..............................................................8 Operating Modes ..............................................................10 Chapter 2: General Information ................................ 11 Basic Calculations .............................................................11 Clearing the Entry and Memories .....................................11 Editing and Correcting an Entry ........................................13 Memory Calculations ........................................................14 Chapter 3: Financial Functions ................................ 17 General Information ..........................................................17 TVM (Time Value of Money) Solver ..................................22 Amortization Calculations .................................................33 Discounted Cash Flow Analysis ........................................37 Bond Calculations .............................................................44 Depreciation Calculations .................................................48 Conversion between APR and EFF ..................................51 Day and Date Calculations................................................52 Percent Change/Compound Interest Calculations ............54 Cost/Sell/Margin/Markup Calculations ..............................56 Breakeven Calculations.....................................................58 Chapter 4: Scientific Functions ................................ 60 Constant Calculations .......................................................60 Chain Calculations ............................................................60 Scientific Calculations .......................................................61 Random Functions ............................................................62 Modify Function .................................................................63 Chapter 5: Statistical Functions ............................... 64 Statistical Calculations and Variables................................67 Appendix .................................................................... 72 Financial Calculation Formulas .........................................72 Statistical Calculation Formulas ........................................75 Errors and Calculation Ranges .........................................76 Battery Replacement ........................................................80 Priority Levels in Calculations ...........................................81 Specifications ....................................................................82 Index ........................................................................... 83 2 Introduction Thank you for purchasing a SHARP Business/Financial Calculator. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. · Display of examples shown in this manual may not look exactly the same as what is seen on the product. For instance, screen examples will show only the symbols necessary for explanation of each particular calculation. · All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Operational Notes · Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile. · Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments. · Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction. · Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth. · Do not drop the calculator or apply excessive force. · Never dispose of batteries in a fire. · Keep batteries out of the reach of children. · This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice. 3 Key Notations in This Manual Key operations are described in this manual as follows: To specify log To specify 1 To specify xy : . h ..................... : 1 or 1 ....................... : i V ..................... . ? ..................... Q i Z ..................... J .............................. To specify CLR-D: To specify ENT : To specify Z : To specify DATA : Functions that are printed in orange above the key require . to be pressed first before the key. Number entry examples are shown with ordinary numbers (i.e., "100" will be indicated instead of " 1 0 0"). To specify a memory function (printed in green on/above the key), press i first. Functions that are printed in black adjacent to the keys are effective in specific modes. Using the . and i keys Press s . t i A x , 10. · . t and i A mean you have to press . followed by ) key and i followed by * key. A°_ -10 Notes: · The multiplication instruction "×" and alphabetic letter "X" are distinguished as follows: Key Display Multiplication instruction x Alphabetic letter X × X · Examples in this manual are performed using default settings (e.g., SET UP menu items) unless values are otherwise assigned. 4 Chapter 1 Getting Started Preparing to Use the Calculator Before using your calculator for the first time, you must reset (initialize) it. Resetting the calculator Press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. · After resetting the calculator, the initial display of the NORMAL mode appears. 000 Resetting the Calculator In Case of Difficulty Caution: The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator's default setting. In rare cases, all the keys may cease to function if the calculator is subjected to strong electrical noise or heavy shock during use. If pressing any of the keys (including s) has no effect, reset the calculator. Resetting the calculator See the above procedure. Note: Pressing . k and 1 = will also erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator's default setting. 5 Calculator and Display Layout Calculator layout Display screen Power ON/OFF and Clear key Cursor keys SET UP key MODE key Key operation keys Display screen: The calculator display consists of a 12-character dot matrix character line and a 12-digit 7-segment character line (10-digit mantissa and 2-digit exponent). Power ON/OFF and Clear key: Turns the calculator ON. This key also clears the display. To turn off the calculator, press ., then c. Key operation keys: .: Activates the second function (printed in orange) assigned to the following key. i: Activates the memory (printed in green) assigned to the following key. SET UP key: Displays the SET UP menu to select the display notation, angular unit, depreciation method and date format. Cursor keys: Move the cursor. MODE key: Switches between NORMAL and STAT modes. 6 Display layout Symbol Equation/ variable name display Mantissa Exponent · During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. · Only the symbols required for the operation being explained are shown in the screen examples of this manual. : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. Press g / y to see the remaining (hidden) part. : Indicates that variables or data are present above/be/ low the screen. Press z / i to scroll up/down. 2ndF : Appears when . is pressed, indicating that the functions shown in orange are enabled. HYP : Indicates that . ] has been pressed and the hyperbolic functions are enabled. ALPHA : Indicates that i, g or f has been pressed, and storing or recalling memory values or TVM solvers/statistics variables can be performed. BGN : Indicates that calculations are annuity due (payment at the beginning of each interval) calculations. When BGN is not displayed, calculations are ordinary annuity (payment at the end of each interval) calculations. : Indicates that date calculations are based on a 360 360-day year (12 months with 30 days). When 360 is not displayed, date calculations use the actual calendar. : Indicates that a value can be assigned to the displayed ENT variable using Q. COMP : Indicates that the displayed variable can be solved for by using @. FLOAT A / FLOAT B / TAB / SCI: Indicates the notation used to display values. It can be changed in the SET UP menu. 7 DEG / RAD / GRAD : Indicates which angular units are in use. It can be changed in the SET UP menu. : Appears when statistics mode is selected. M : Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the independent memory (M). : Indicates that the value of the displayed variable has not been calculated yet (for variables that can be calculated). The SET UP Menu Press ~ to display the SET UP menu. DSP DRG DEPR 01 2 i DATE 3 · A menu item can be selected by: · Using g / y to select a number (the selected number will blink), then pressing =, or · pressing the number key corresponding to the menu item number. · If or is displayed on the screen, press z or i to view the previous/next part of the menu. · Press s to exit the SET UP menu. Selecting the display notation and number of decimal places The calculator has three display notation systems (fixed decimal point, scientific notation and floating point) for displaying calculation results. · If ~ 0 0 (TAB) is pressed, "DIG(0-9)?" will be displayed and the number of decimal places can be set to any value between 0 and 9. · If ~ 0 1 (SCI) is pressed, "SIG(0-9)?" will be displayed and the number of significant digit can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Entering 0 will set a 10-digit display. · If a floating point number does not fit in the specified range, the calculator will display the result in scientific notation (exponential notation). See the next section for details. · The default setting is a fixed decimal point with two decimal places. 8 Selecting the floating point number system in scientific notation The calculator has two settings for displaying a floating point number: FLO_A (FLOAT A) and FLO_B (FLOAT B). In each display setting, a number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside the following preset ranges: · FLO_A ~ 0 2: 0.000000001 | X | 9,999,999,999 · FLO_B ~ 0 3: 0.01 | X | 9,999,999,999 Switching the notation setting Procedure 100000 ÷ 3 = Fixed decimal point with two decimal places Scientific notation (SCI) with two significant digits Floating point (FLO_A) 3 ÷ 1000 = Floating point (FLO_A) Floating point (FLO_B) Fixed decimal point with two decimal places Key operation s 100000 8 3 = Display 1----------©3= 1----------©3= 1----------©3= 3©1------= 3©1------= 3©1------= 3333333 33 04 ~012 ~02 ...