User manual SHARP EL520V

ENGLISH SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR MODEL Selecting the Display Notation and Decimal Places The calculator has four display notation systems for displaying calculation results. When FIX, SCI, or ENG symbol is displayed, the number of decimal places can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Displayed values will be reduced to the corresponding number of digits. 100000÷3= [Floating point] [FIXed decimal point] [TAB set to 2] [SCIentific notation] [ENGineering notation] [Floating point] ª100000/3= 33333.33333 @f 33333.33333 @i 2 33333.33 @f 3.33×104 @f 33.33×103 @f 33333.33333 Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base) (10) This calculator can perform conversions between numbers expressed in binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal systems. It can also perform the four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations using binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers. In addition, the calculator can carry out the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys: @ê: Converts to the binary system. " " appears. @î: Converts to the octal system. " " appears. @ì: Converts to the hexadecimal system. " " appears. @í: Converts to the decimal system. " ", " ", and " " disappear from the display. Conversion is performed on the displayed value when these keys are pressed. Note: In this calculator, the hexadecimal numbers A ­ F are entered by pressing µ, Ñ, É, é, ç, and å, and displayed as follows: A ï, B , C ó, D ò, E ô, F ö In the binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement. ERROR AND CALCULATION RANGES Errors An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing < (or >) automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press ª to clear the equation. EL-520V OPERATION MANUAL PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE 00LUP (TINSK0435EHZZ) Error Codes and Error Types Syntax error (Error 1): · An attempt was made to perform an invalid operation. Ex. 2 @{ Calculation error (Error 2): · The absolute value of an intermediate or final calculation result equals or exceeds 10100. · An attempt was made to divide by 0. · The calculation ranges were exceeded while performing calculations. Depth error (Error 3): · The available number of buffers was exceeded. (There are 8 buffers* for numeric values and 16 buffers for calculation instructions). *4 buffers in STAT and the complex number mode. Equation too long (Error 4): · The equation exceeded its maximum input buffer (142 characters). An equation must be shorter than 142 characters. INTRODUCTION About operation examples, please refer to the attached sheet. Refer to the number on the right of each title for use. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. Operational Notes To ensure trouble-free operation, please observe the following points: 1. Do not carry the calculator in the back pocket of slacks or trousers. 2. Do not subject the calculator to extreme temperatures. 3. Do not drop it or apply excessive force. 4. Clean only with a soft, dry cloth. 5. Do not use or store the calculator where fluids can splash onto it. o Press the RESET switch only in the following cases: · When using for the first time · After replacing the batteries · To clear all memory contents · When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative. If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available. · If the value for floating point system does not fit in the following range, the calculator will display the result using scientific notation system: 0.000000001 | x | 9999999999 Determination of the Angular Unit In this calculator, the following three angular units can be specified. DEG (°) Press G GRAD (g) RAD (Radians) Calculation Ranges (19) SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS · Press @ m 0 to select the normal mode. · In each example, press ª to clear the display. And if the FIX, SCI, or ENG indicator is displayed, clear the indicator by pressing @ f. Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations (11) Hard Case Arithmetic Operations (2) Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed. In addition, the four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be carried out using the sexagesimal system. · The closing parenthesis ) just before = or ; may be omitted. Refer also to the operation examples sheet. · Within the ranges specified, this calculator is accurate to ±1 in the least significant digit of the mantissa. When performing continuous calculations (including chain calculations), errors accumulate leading to reduced accuracy. · Calculation ranges ±10-99 ­ ±9.999999999×1099 and 0. If the absolute value of an entry or a final or intermediate result of a calculation is less than 10­99, the value is considered to be 0 in calculations and in the display. Coordinate Conversions · Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit. Y y 0 x X P (x,y) Y P (r, ) r 0 (12) BATTERY REPLACEMENT Notes on Battery Replacement Improper handling of batteries can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules: · Replace both batteries at the same time. · Do not mix new and old batteries. · Make sure the new batteries are the correct type. · When installing, orient each battery properly as indicated in the calculator. Constant Calculations (3) · In the constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant. · When performing calculations using constants, constants will be displayed as K. X Rectangular coord. Polar coord. DISPLAY Functions Equation Display Symbol (4) · Refer to operation examples of each function. · Before starting calculation, specify the angular unit. · The results of inverse trigonometric functions are displayed within the following range: = sin x, = tan x ­1 ­1 · The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X and Y. Value of r or x: X memory Value of or y: Y memory Modify Function (13) Mantissa Exponent DEG RAD GRAD = cos­1 x 0 180 0 0 200 (During actual use not all symbols are displayed at the same time.) If the value of mantissa does not fit within the range ±0.000000001 ­ ±9999999999, the display changes to scientific notation. The display mode can be changed according to the purpose of the calculation. / ­90 90 ­---- 2 2 ­100 100 In this calculator, all calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 12 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations. When to Replace the Batteries If the display has poor contrast or nothing appears on the display even when ª is pressed in dim lighting, it is time to replace the batteries. Caution · Keep batteries out of the reach of children. · Exhausted batteries left in the calculator may leak and damage the calculator. · Explosion risk may be caused by incorrect handling. · Batteries must be replaced only with others of the same type. · Do not throw batteries into a fire as they may explode. : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. Press to see the remaining (hidden) section. : Indicates the mode of expression of results in the complex calculation mode. : Appears when @ is pressed, indicating that the functions shown in orange are enabled. : Indicates that h has been pressed and the hyperbolic functions are enabled. If @ ® are pressed, the symbols "2ndF HYP" appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled. Differential/Integral Functions (5) xy/r 2ndF HYP Differential and integral calculations are only available in the normal mode. For calculation conditions such as the x value in differential calculation or the initial point in integral calculation, only numerical values can be entered and equations such as 22 cannot be specified. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and over again and to recalculate by only changing the conditions without re-entering the equation. · When performing a calculation, the value stored in the X memory will be cleared. · When performing a differential calculation, enter formula first and then enter x value in differential calculation and minute interval (dx). If a numerical value is not specified for minute interval, x0 will be x×10­4 and x=0 will be 10­4 from the value of the numeric derivative. · When performing a integral calculation, enter formula first and then enter a range of integral (a, b) and subintervals (n). If a numerical value is not specified for subintervals, calculation will be performed using n=100. Since differential and integral calculations are performed based on the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in certain rare cases, when performing special calculations which contain discontinuous points. Integral calculation (Simpson's rule): COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS (14) ALPHA: Indicates that @ K or O (R) has been pressed, and entry (recall) of memory contents and recall of statistics can be performed. FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value and changes each time @ f are pressed. DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units and changes each time G is pressed. STAT 1Rectangular 2Polar To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using complex numbers, press @m1 to select the complex number mode. There are two modes of expression of the results of complex number calculations. coordinate mode. (xy appears on the display.) @} coordinate mode. (r appears on the display.) @{ Replacement Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. · Turn the power off by pressing @ F. Remove two screws. (Fig. 1) Slide the battery cover slightly and lift it to remove. Remove the used batteries by prying them with a ball-point pen or other similar pointed device. (Fig. 2) Install two new batteries. Make sure the "+" side facing up. Replace the cover and screws. Press the RESET switch (on the back). Make sure that the display appears as shown below. If the display does not appear as shown, remove the batteries reinstall them and check the display once again. Complex number entry 1Rectangular coordinates 2Polar : Appears when statistics mode is selected. : Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the independent memory. : Appears when the calculator shows the angle as a result in the complex calculation mode. M i : Indicates an imaginary number is being displayed in the complex calculation mode. 1 S=--h{(a)+4{(a+h)+(a+3h)+······+(a+(N­1)h)} 3 +2{(a+2h)+(a+4h)+······+(a+(N­2)h)}+f(b)} h= b ­ a N N=2n a x b x-coordinate + y-coordinate Ü or x-coordinate + Ü y-coordinate coordinates rÖ r: absolute value : argument · Upon changing to another mode, the imaginary portion of any complex number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared. · A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number. (Fig. 1) (Fig. 2) BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR Key Notation Used in this Manual In this manual, key operations are described as follows: ex XE Differential calculation: dx dx f(x+ ­­)­f(x­ ­­) 2 2 f'(x)=---------------- dx [When performing integral calculations] Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, "Calculating!" will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press ª. In addition, please note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctuations in the integral values during minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic functions, etc., where positive and negative integral values exist depending on the interval. For the former case, divide integral intervals as small as possible. For the latter case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time. STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS Statistical calculations are performed in the statistics mode. Press @m2 to select the statistics mode. This calculator performs the seven statistical calculations indicated below. After selecting the statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number key corresponding to your choice. When changing to the statistical sub-mode, press the corresponding number key after performing the operation to select the statistics mode (press @m2). 0 (STAT 0) : Single-variable statistics 1 (STAT 1) : Linear regression calculation 2 (STAT 2) : Quadratic regression calculation a x0 x 1 x2 x3 bx Automatic Power Off Function This calculator will turn itself off to save battery power if no key is pressed for approximately 10 minutes. ln To specify ex To specify E (HEX) To specify ln To specify X : : : : @e E I @KX SPECIFICATIONS Calculations: Internal calculations: Pending operations: Scientific calculations, complex number calculations, statistical calculations, etc. Mantissas of up to 12 digits 16 calculations 8 numeric values (4 numeric values in STAT and complex number mode) Built-in solar cells 3V ¶ (DC): Backup batteries (Alkaline batteries (LR44) × 2) Operating temperature: 0°C ­ 40°C (32°F ­ 104°F) External dimensions: Weight: Accessories: 78.6 mm (W) × 152 mm (D) × 10.5 mm (H) 3-3/32" (W) × 5-31/32" (D) × 13/32" (H) Approx. 78 g ( 0.172 lb) (Including batteries) Batteries × 2 (installed), operation manual, operation examples sheet, quick reference card and hard case Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed first before the key. Numbers are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers. y Power On and Off Press ª to turn the calculator on, and @ F to turn it off. 3 (STAT 3) : Exponential regression calculation 4 (STAT 4) : Logarithmic regression calculation 5 (STAT 5) : Power regression calculation Power source: Clearing Methods There are three clearing methods as follows: Clearing operation ª @c RESET : Clear × : Retain *1 Independent memory M. *2 Temporary memories A-D, X and Y, statistical data, and last answer memory. Entry (Display) M* × × 1 x0 a y x2 b x 6 (STAT 6) : Inverse regression calculation The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below): A-D, X,Y* STAT, ANS × 2 x1 x3 Random Numbers A pseudo-random number with three significant digits can be generated by pressing @`=. To generate the next random number, press =. You can perform this function in the normal and statistics modes. (You cannot perform this function while you are using the N-Base function.) · Random numbers use memory Y. Each random number is generated on the basis of the value stored in memory Y (pseudorandom number series). Single-variable statistical calculation Statistics of 1 (15) (16) Linear regression calculation Statistics of and and, in addition, estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´) 1 1 2 Editing the Equation · Press < or > to move the cursor. You can also return to the equation after getting an answer by pressing > (<). See below for Multi-line playback function. · If you need to delete a number, move the cursor to the number you wish to delete then press d. The number under the cursor will be deleted. · If you need to insert a number, move the cursor to the place immediately after where you wish to insert the number then enter the number. Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression, Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation Statistics of and In addition, estimate of y for a given x and estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.) Angular Unit Conversions (6) Each time @g are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence. 2. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS CALCULATOR Visit our Web site. http://sharp-world.com/calculator/ Memory Calculations (7) This calculator has 6 temporary memories (A-D, X and Y), one independent memory (M) and one last answer memory (ANS). Mode Normal Complex Statistic : Available × : Unavailable × × × ANS M A-D, X,Y Quadratic regression calculation Multi-line Playback function (1) This calculator is equipped with a function to recall previous equations. Equations also include calculation ending instructions such as "=" and a maximum of 142 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first. Pressing [ will display the previous equation and the answer. Further pressing [ will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press ] to view equations in order). In addition, @[ can be used to jump to the oldest equation. · The multi-line memory is cleared by the following operations: @c, @F (including the Automatic Power Off feature), mode change, RESET, @`, @?, constant calculation, differential/integral calculation, angle conversion/ change, N-base conversion, coordinate conversion, numerical value storage to the temporary memories and independent memory, and input/deletion of statistical data. Statistics of and and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx2). (For quadratic regression calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When there are two x´ values, press @. When performing calculations using a, b and c, only one numeric value can be held. 1 2 (17) 1 [Temporary memories (A-D, X and Y)] A stored value can be recalled as a value or variable for the use in equations. · In case you store an infinite decimal in the memory, recall it as a variable to obtain accurate answers. Ex.) 1/3OY 3*RY= 3*@KY= (0.3333...is stored to Y) 0.999999999 1. 2 Priority Levels in Calculation This calculator performs operations according to the following priority: Functions preceded by their argument (x-1, x2, n!, etc.) Yx, x¿ Implied multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, etc.) Implied nCr, nPr ×, ÷ +, ­ multiplication of a function (2sin30, etc.) AND OR, XOR, XNOR =, M+, M­, M, |DEG, |RAD, |GRAD, DATA, CD, r, xy and other calculation ending instruction · If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations. [Independent memory (M)] In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. [Last answer memory (ANS)] The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory. Note: Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in memories X or Y. For this reason, when using these functions, be careful with the use of memories X and Y. · Random numbers .................. Y memory · r, xy ............................... X memory, Y memory Temporary memories and last answer memory are cleared even when the same mode is reselected. 12 4 F G H 7 8 6 9 3 5 x sx x n x x2 y sy y y y2 xy r a b c Mean of samples (x data) Sample standard deviation (x data) Population standard deviation (x data) Number of samples Sum of samples (x data) Sum of squares of samples (x data) Means of samples (y data) Sample standard deviation (y data) Population standard deviation (y data) Sum of samples (y data) Sum of squares of samples (y data) Sum of products of samples (x, y) Correlation coefficient Coefficient of regression equation Coefficient of regression equation Coefficient of quadratic regression equation Entered data are kept in memory until @ c or @ m 2 are pressed. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents. [Data Entry] Single-variable data Data k Data & frequency k (To enter multiples of the same data) Two-variable data Data x & Data y k Data x & Data y & frequency k (To enter multiples of the same data x and y.) [Data Correction] Correction prior to pressing k: Delete incorrect data with ª. Correction after pressing k: Press > to confirm the latest entry and press @ J to delete it. INITIAL SETUP Mode Selection Normal mode (NORMAL): @m0 Used to perform arithmetic operations and function calculations. Complex number mode (CPLX): @m1 Used to perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers. Statistic mode (STAT): @m2 Used to perform statistical calculations. When executing mode selection, temporary memories, statistical data and last answer memory will be cleared even when reselecting the same mode. Chain Calculations (8) This calculator allows the previous calculation result to be used in the following calculation. The previous calculation result will not be recalled after entering multiple instructions. Fraction Calculations (9) This calculator performs arithmetic operations and memory calculations using a fraction, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction. · In all cases, a total of up to 10 digits including integer, numerator, denominator and the symbol (l) can be entered. · If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number. · A decimal number, variable, or exponent cannot be used in a fraction. Statistical Calculation Formulas Refer also to the operation examples sheet. Type Linear Exponential Logarithmic Power Inverse Quadratic Regression formula y y y y = a + bx = a · ebx = a + b · ln x = a · xb (18) 1 y=a+b-- x y = a + bx + cx2 In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when: · the absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1 × 10100. · the denominator is zero. · an attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number. · no solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.