User manual SYMANTEC NORTON GHOST PERSONAL EDITION

Norton GhostTM Personal Edition User's Guide Norton GhostTM Personal Edition User's Guide The software described in this book is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. Copyright Notice Copyright Ó 1998­1999 Symantec Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Any technical documentation that is made available by Symantec Corporation is the copyrighted work of Symantec Corporation and is owned by Symantec Corporation. NO WARRANTY. The technical documentation is being delivered to you AS-IS and Symantec Corporation makes no warranty as to its accuracy or use. Any use of the technical documentation or the information contained therein is at the risk of the user. Documentation may include technical or other inaccuracies or typographical errors. Symantec reserves the right to make changes without prior notice. 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Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SYMANTEC LICENSE AND WARRANTY NOTICE: SYMANTEC LICENSES THE ENCLOSED SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THESE TERMS CAREFULLY. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THESE TERMS, THEN SYMANTEC IS UNWILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU, IN WHICH EVENT YOU SHOULD RETURN THE FULL PRODUCT WITH PROOF OF PURCHASE TO THE DEALER FROM WHOM IT WAS ACQUIRED WITHIN SIXTY DAYS OF PURCHASE, AND YOUR MONEY WILL BE REFUNDED. LICENSE AND WARRANTY: The software which accompanies this license (the "Software") is the property of Symantec or its licensors and is protected by copyright law. While Symantec continues to own the Software, you will have certain rights to use the Software after your acceptance of this license. Except as may be modified by a license addendum which accompanies this license, your rights and obligations with respect to the use of this Software are as follows: · You may: (i) use the Software on one computer to clone, or apply an image of, a hard drive on that computer, or a portion thereof, to another hard drive on the same computer; (ii) use the Software on that same computer to create an image file of a hard drive on that computer and store the image file on removable media for disaster recovery purposes; (iii) use the Software to create a boot disk as described in the documentation for reapplying the hard drive image that was created for disaster recovery purposes to the hard drive on that same computer; (iv) use the Software to clone a hard drive from that same computer to a replacement computer, in the manner described in the software documentation, and to use the Software on the replacement computer provided that the Software has been removed from the original computer; (v) make one copy of the Software for archival purposes, or copy the Software onto the hard disk of your computer and retain the original for archival purposes; (vi) after written notice to Symantec, transfer the Software on a permanent basis to another person or entity, provided that you retain no copies of the Software and the transferee agrees to the terms of this agreement. · You may not: (i) use the Software commercially or non-commercially for the purpose of creating multiple computers or hard drives not connected to the original computer, with similar or identical configurations to that of the original computer or hard drive; (ii) copy the documentation which accompanies the Software; (iii) sublicense, rent or lease any portion of the Software; (iv) reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, modify, translate, make any attempt to discover the source code of the Software, or create derivative works from the Software; or (v) use a previous version or copy of the Software after you have received a disk replacement set or an upgraded version as a replacement of the prior version, unless you donate a previous version of an upgraded version to a charity of your choice, and such charity agrees in writing that it will be the sole end user of the product, and that it will abide by the terms of this agreement. 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Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212, 48 C.F.R. 252.227-7015, 48 C.F.R. 227.7202 through 227.7202-4, 48 C.F.R. 52.227-14, and other relevant sections of the Code of Federal Regulations, as applicable, Symantec's computer software and computer software documentation are licensed to United States Government end users with only those rights as granted to all other end users, according to the terms and conditions contained in this license agreement. Manufacturer is Symantec Corporation, 10201 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014. · General: This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of California. This Agreement may only be modified by a license addendum which accompanies this license or by a written document which has been signed by both you and Symantec. Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement, or if you desire to contact Symantec for any reason, please write: Symantec Customer Sales and Service, 10201 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014. C O N T E N T S Chapter 1 About Norton Ghost Personal Edition How Norton Ghost works ................................................................ 8 Clone internal hard disk drives and individual partitions ............. 8 Save and load image files to and from removable media ........... 9 Clone hard disk drives and partitions peer-to-peer .................. 10 Chapter 2 Setting up Norton Ghost Minimum system requirements ...................................................... 13 Hardware requirements for Norton Ghost transfer modes ....... 14 Installing Norton Ghost Personal Edition ........................................ 14 Installing Norton Ghost in Windows ........................................ 14 Installing Norton Ghost in DOS ............................................... 15 Uninstalling Norton Ghost ............................................................. 16 Uninstalling Norton Ghost in Windows .................................... 16 Uninstalling Norton Ghost in DOS .......................................... 16 Setting up a DOS boot disk ........................................................... 16 Setting up transfer methods .......................................................... 17 Internal drives .......................................................................... 17 Local devices .......................................................................... 17 Peer-to-peer connections ........................................................ 18 Peer-to-peer parallel port connections ..................................... 18 Peer-to-peer NetBIOS network connections ........................... 18 Chapter 3 Using Norton Ghost What you need to do ..................................................................... 21 Starting Norton Ghost ................................................................... 23 Navigating without a mouse ........................................................... 24 Cloning disks ................................................................................. 24 Cloning from disk to disk ......................................................... 25 Cloning a disk to image file ..................................................... 27 Cloning a disk from an image file ............................................. 29 Cloning partitions ........................................................................... 32 Cloning from partition to partition ............................................ 32 Cloning from partition to image file .......................................... 34 Cloning a partition from an image file ....................................... 36 Managing image files ..................................................................... 39 Image files and compression ................................................... 39 Image files and CRC32 ........................................................... 40 5 Contents Image files and volume spanning ............................................. 40 Image files and tape drives ...................................................... 43 Viewing image file content and selective file restoration .......... 44 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Norton Ghost command-line switches Command-line switches ................................................................. 47 Frequently asked questions Troubleshooting Norton Ghost error codes ............................................................. 67 Diagnostics Hard drive detection and diagnostic information ............................. 69 Norton Ghost abort error file (ghost.err) ................................. 69 Hard disk geometry diagnostics .............................................. 70 Full diagnostic statistics dump summary .................................. 70 Symantec Service and Support Solutions Disk Replacement Form Index 6 C H A P T E R About Norton Ghost Personal Edition 1 Norton Ghost is the fast and reliable software solution to satisfy all your PC disk cloning and copying needs: upgrading hard drives, backing up for disaster recovery, or migrating from your old PC to a new PC. Caution: Norton Ghost Personal Edition is a powerful utility program that performs complex operations on your computer. It is recommended for experienced and highly skilled PC users only. Norton Ghost clones either complete disks or specified partitions: s An entire disk can be either cloned directly from one disk to another or saved into a Norton Ghost image file. The image file can be used as a template to create copies of the original disk. The contents of a partition can be copied to another partition. Selected partitions can be copied to an image file that is used as a template to create copies of the original partitions. s When cloning complete hard drives, procedures such as FDISK and FORMAT are a thing of the past. Norton Ghost dynamically partitions and formats a target disk on the fly. The source and target disks can be different sizes. Norton Ghost adjusts the position and size of the target partitions automatically, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS partitions are expanded or contracted to fit the target. The source and target disk can be on the same computer, or the target disk can be on a different computer, providing the two computers are connected through NetBIOS or the parallel ports. Norton Ghost copies every required partition, regardless of type, from the source (disk or image file) to the target. If the source and target disks are identical in size and structure, Norton Ghost can perform a sector-by-sector copy. Because this is seldom the case and does not allow the resizing of 7 Chapter 1: About Norton Ghost Personal Edition partitions, Norton Ghost positions each partition or logical drive on the target disk using the same rules as FDISK, copying the partitions on a fileby-file basis. An image file can be stored on a CD, Superdisk, JAZ or ZIP drive, or other removable media. This file can be used for backup or for cloning copies of the original disk. Norton Ghost runs in DOS with a simple graphical interface. Alternatively, to simplify repetitive tasks, command-line switches can automate operation. The Norton Ghost installation CD contains these additional utilities that work with Norton Ghost: s Ghost Explorer recovers and deletes individual directories and files from an image file. GDISK is a complete replacement for the FDISK and FORMAT utilities that allows on-the-fly formatting, better disk space utilization, batch mode operation, hiding and unhiding of partitions, and extensive partition reporting. Unlike FDISK, which uses interactive menus and prompts, GDISK is command line driven and offers quicker configuration of a disk's partitions. s How Norton Ghost works Because the Norton Ghost executable is small with minimal conventional memory requirements, it can easily be run from a DOS boot disk or alternative storage location within DOS. Norton Ghost can make complete backups of disks or partitions. Norton Ghost even copies in-use system files that other backup utilities miss, making it a great tool for disaster recovery operations. The following sections give examples of common ways to use Norton Ghost. Clone internal hard disk drives and individual partitions With Norton Ghost you can save all of the contents on one internal hard disk drive or partition to another by cloning local disk-to-disk, or partitionto-partition. The hardware must be installed correctly and have the hard disk drive jumpers and CMOS/BIOS correctly configured. As with all 8 How Norton Ghost works Norton Ghost usage, both the source and destination must be free from file corruption and physical hard disk drive problems prior to cloning. Note: When cloning an entire hard disk drive, the existing partition configuration is overwritten and need not be set in advance. Internal transfer operations are one of the fastest methods of cloning, and offer a simple quick hard disk drive backup or migration tool. By using a second hard disk drive as a backup, it can be used to replace the original in the event of its failure or corruption, reducing the downtime of the machine. Norton Ghost's ability to resize the partitions and file systems it understands while cloning disk-to-disk simplifies upgrading to a larger hard disk drive. Install the new hard disk drive hardware as required, then run Norton Ghost from a boot disk to migrate the contents of the old drive to the larger drive. This leaves the original disk untouched and available until the new system configuration is completed. Caution: Make sure you correctly identify and select the source and destination disks as the operation cannot be undone. Save and load image files to and from removable media It is possible to burn image files onto a CD or to save an image file to a ZIP drive, JAZ drive, Superdisk, or other removable media. For ZIP, JAZ, Superdisk, and removable media, Norton Ghost writes and reads directly to and from the device, providing that the device is working and has a DOS drive letter. When creating the image of the model for storage on a CD, we recommend bringing the image down onto the PC that has the writing software, and then creating the CD. Norton Ghost can be included on the created CD. To create a CD image file for later restoration: 1 2 Save the model hard disk to an image file using Norton Ghost and the split command-line option. Run the CD writing software and save the image onto the CD. 9 Chapter 1: About Norton Ghost Personal Edition For restoration purposes, once the device is working and has a drive letter, Norton Ghost can use that drive to perform the required task. Clone hard disk drives and partitions peer-to-peer Peer-to-peer connections are typically used when there are two computers that you wish to connect. Norton Ghost gives you the choice of connecting through the NetBIOS or through the LPT (printer) parallel port. In both cases, one computer becomes the master, the other the slave. See "Peer-topeer connections" on page 18 for more information. s To connect through the printer port you need a parallel data transfer cable plugged into the LPT port of both computers. To connect through NetBIOS you need a network card in each computer, a converted Ethernet cable, and the appropriate networking software. In general, connecting through the network gives two to five times the performance of an LPT connection. s For NetBIOS and LPT connections, one machine must act as the master and the other the slave. All operator input will be on the master computer. Using the NETBIOS interface With Ethernet, or Token Ring, it is possible to clone between two machines, using their network interface cards through the NetBIOS protocol interface. By purchasing, or making, a custom connectivity Ethernet crossover cable or using coaxial or a mini-HUB and cables, a PC can connect to another PC. This is a two-node peer-to-peer network. To set up NetBIOS requires five basic Novell networking software components: s s s s s LSL MLID (the Network Interface Card ODI driver) IPXODI NetBIOS interface NET.CFG (configuration) 10 How Norton Ghost works These components can be loaded from a boot disk to allow Norton Ghost to use NetBIOS to communicate and clone between master and slave. Master Crossover Ethernet Cable Slave Using the parallel (LPT) port With two computers and a parallel data transfer cable (not provided with Norton Ghost) you can clone two computers, master to slave. Master Parallel data transfer cable Slave 11 Chapter 1: About Norton Ghost Personal Edition 12 C H A P T E R Setting up Norton Ghost 2 Minimum system requirements The system requirements to run Norton Ghost are: s s s s 386SX processor (486 or above recommended) 4 MB RAM (8 MB RAM for NTFS), 16 MB recommended DOS 5.0 or above VGA monitor 13 Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost Hardware requirements for Norton Ghost transfer modes Peer-to-peer LPT/parallel port connection Peer-to-peer NetBIOS connection Parallel connection cable and a bidirectional parallel port with EPP or ECP compatibility on each machine. Ethernet or Token Ring network interface card. Established network connection which includes one of the following: s Crossover Ethernet cable (pins 1236 > 3612) Coaxial cable Standard cables with hub or MAU s s NetBIOS network software SCSI tape driver DOS ASPI driver SCSI tape drive Tape media Removable media drive and media Media drivers required to use in DOS CD-ROM writer CD-ROM writer disk creation software Removable media CD-ROM usage Installing Norton Ghost Personal Edition Norton Ghost installation requires you to run the setup program or copy the Norton Ghost executable to the location from which it will be run, depending on whether you install in Windows or DOS. Installing Norton Ghost in Windows To install Norton Ghost in Windows: 1 Insert the Norton Ghost Personal Edition CD in your CD-ROM drive. After a moment, the Norton Ghost setup program starts automatically. If the setup program does not start automatically, Autorun might be disabled on your computer. 14 Installing Norton Ghost Personal Edition To manually start the installation, double-click the My Computer icon on your desktop. Then locate and double-click SETUP.EXE on the installation CD. Note: If you do not have a CD-ROM drive, see the Disk Replacement form in this guide for information about getting floppy disks. 2 Follow the instructions that appear on the screen. The setup program places a Norton Ghost Personal Edition program group in your Start menu and installs the files necessary to run Norton Ghost Personal Edition. Installing Norton Ghost in DOS To install Norton Ghost in DOS: 1 2 Create a directory on the destination drive. For example, C:\GHOSTPE. Locate the DOSINST folder on the installation CD and copy the directory tree under DOSINST to the folder you created in step 1. For example, if E:\ is your CD-ROM drive, type the following at the DOS prompt: cd E:\DOSINST copy *.* C:\GHOSTPE Note: If a Windows drag-and-drop or copy and paste operation is used instead of a DOS command, the files being copied from the CD retain their read-only attributes when copied to a floppy disk or hard drive. You must manually change the attribute on the Norton Ghost executable (GHOSTPE.EXE) and all other files that will be updated or edited. To remove read-only property on Norton Ghost files in Windows: 1 2 3 4 Select the GHOSTPE.EXE file. Right-click the file and select Properties. Uncheck the Read-only attribute. Click OK. 15 Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost Uninstalling Norton Ghost Uninstalling Norton Ghost in Windows To uninstall Norton Ghost in Windows: 1 2 3 4 Click the Start button, then select Settings > Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove programs. In the list of installed programs, select Norton Ghost Personal Edition. Click Add/Remove. Follow the instructions on the screen. Uninstalling Norton Ghost in DOS To uninstall Norton Ghost under DOS: s Delete the single GHOSTPE.EXE executable file and associated files in the Ghost directory on your hard drive. Setting up a DOS boot disk Norton Ghost is a DOS-based application that should be run in DOS mode outside of Windows. On some systems, such as Windows NT, Windows 2000, and other non-DOS operating systems, a DOS boot disk must be used to start the system to allow Norton Ghost to operate. Additional DOS drivers may be required to allow Norton Ghost to access local hardware. The configuration files on a DOS boot disk can be altered to load these drivers as detailed in "Setting up transfer methods" on page 17. To create a DOS boot disk for Norton Ghost: 1 2 s Insert a blank floppy disk into the A: drive of a Windows 9x or DOS machine. Copy the system files onto the disk. Do one of the following: Within Windows 95/98: a Double-click the My Computer icon. b Right-click the floppy drive, and select Format. c Choose Copy System Files. s Within a DOS prompt box: 16 Setting up transfer methods Use the following DOS command to copy the system files to the formatted disk: C:\> sys c: a: Use the following DOS command to format and copy the system files to the unformatted disk: C:\> format a: /s 3 4 Copy GHOSTPE.EXE onto the boot disk. For example: C:\> copy c:\GHOSTPE\GHOSTPE.EXE a:\ Set up any drivers required for the transfer method. For more information see "Setting up transfer methods" on page 17. Setting up transfer methods The following sections summarize the information you need to prepare devices and drives for Norton Ghost operation. Internal drives To work with internal drives, ensure that each of the drives is properly configured. This means that if fixed IDE drives are in use, the jumpers on the drives are set up correctly, and the BIOS of the machine is configured for the disks and setup arrangement. Both the source and the destination drives must be free from file corruption and physical hard drive defects. Local devices To use Norton Ghost with SCSI tape devices, the tape device needs to have an Advanced SCSI Programming Interface (ASPI) driver for DOS installed. The driver is installed in the config.sys file as shown in the example below: device=C:\scsitape\aspi4dos.sys Refer to the documentation included with the SCSI tape device for further details. 17 Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost Peer-to-peer connections Peer-to-peer connections enable Norton Ghost to run on two machines and transfer drives and partitions, and to use image files between them. Action Disk-to-disk copy Disk-to-image file copy Image file-to-disk copy Partition-topartition copy Partition-to-image file copy Image file-topartition copy Master Machine containing source disk Machine containing source disk Machine containing destination disk Machine containing source partition Machine containing source partition Machine containing destination partition Slave Machine containing destination disk Machine receiving destination image file Machine containing source image file Machine containing destination partition Machine receiving destination image file Machine containing source image file Peer-to-peer parallel port connections Connect both computers through the LPT port with a parallel data transfer cable. Norton Ghost must be running under DOS on both computers. The parallel port must be set to bidirectional, or EPP, or ECP, but not unidirectional. You may need to experiment with the mode for best performance. Select which computer is the master (the machine from which you control the connection), and which is the slave (the other machine participating in the connection). All operator input will be on the master computer. Use the previous table to choose which machine will be the master and which will be slave. Peer-to-peer NetBIOS network connections NetBIOS is only available for peer-to-peer connections. Sample third-party files are available on the Symantec FTP site at: ftp://ftp.symantec.com/public/english_us_canada/products/ ghost/ 18 Setting up transfer methods Sourcing NetBIOS The following steps explain the NetBIOS setup procedure. 1 2 Install network interface cards. Once the network interface cards are installed, the two peer machines need to be connected using cabling. The type and setup of the connection will depend on your individual network requirements. These can include converted twisted pair cables, coaxial, hub, and MAU-based setups. Run the Network Interface Card setup program and configure the card. Set up NetBIOS. Here is an example of loading NetBIOS in your startnet.bat or autoexec.bat: LSL.COM REM (Comment: replace NE2000.COM with your NIC driver) NE2000.COM IPXODI.COM NETBIOS.EXE An example of the net.cfg for an NE2000 NIC: #set up the NIC link driver NE2000 _int 10 _port 300 Select which computer is the master (the machine from which you control the connection), and which is the slave (the other machine participating in the connection). All operator input will be on the master computer. See "Peer-to-peer connections" on page 18 to choose which will be the master and which machine will be slave. 3 4 19 Chapter 2: Setting up Norton Ghost 20 C H A P T E R Using Norton Ghost 3 This chapter describes how to perform operations. The procedures assume that all hardware is configured properly and communication methods are established. See "Setting up transfer methods" on page 17 for more information. Information on the following tasks is provided: s s s s s Starting Norton Ghost Navigating in Norton Ghost without a mouse Cloning disks Cloning partitions Managing image files What you need to do The following section gives a quick overview of the ways you can use Norton Ghost to perform everyday tasks. 1 Identify what you want Norton Ghost to do and how many machines are involved. s s s s s s Disk duplication Disk image file creation Disk creation from image file Partition duplication Partition image file creation Partition creation from image file 2 Select the hardware setup method you will use to perform the operation. Internal disk drives and: 21 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost s s No other devices. Other peripheral devices not needing additional setup (for example, Jaz or Zip drive). SCSI tape drive requiring DOS ASPI driver setup. Third-party device requiring DOS driver setup. Peer-to-peer connection using LPT printer port. Peer-to-peer connection using NetBIOS and network interface cards connection. Ensure all hard drives are installed correctly and the BIOS of the system is configured and correctly displays the valid parameters of the drives. Set up additional drivers required for other devices: SCSI tape drive requiring DOS driver setup Install the SCSI ASPI DOS driver in the config.sys file as outlined in SCSI Tape Drive documentation. Third-party device requiring DOS driver setup Install the DOS driver as outlined in device documentation. Peer-to-peer connection: LPT Using a parallel data transfer connection cable, connect up the two machines. Decide which machine is the master and which is the slave. Peer-to-peer connection: NetBIOS s s s s s s s s s s 3 Set up the hardware and system for the method chosen. s s Install network interface card (NIC). Connect cabling. Set up NIC using manufacturer's installation program. Run NIC test program to check NIC and cabling. Install NetBIOS networking software. Select which machine is the master and which is the slave. s Test Hardware and DOS driver setup. 4 Start Norton Ghost. Optionally, add command-line switches. For information on the Norton Ghost command-line switches, see "Command-line switches" on page 47. Select the transfer method and Norton Ghost operation from menu. 5 22 Starting Norton Ghost 6 7 Select source hard disk drive, partitions, or image file. Select destination hard disk drive, partition, or image file. Warning: Choose carefully. Make sure you select the correct destination to overwrite. In most cases, you will not be able to recover from an incorrectly selected destination drive. 8 9 Follow on-screen prompts and proceed with clone. Reboot the machine. Starting Norton Ghost Norton Ghost is a DOS-based application and should run in DOS mode outside of Windows, if possible. If you run Norton Ghost within Windows 95/98, note the following: s Files may be in an open or changing state. If these files are cloned, the resulting destination files will be left in an inconsistent state. The operating system's volume must not be overwritten. If you overwrite a drive or partition, the system must be restarted. LPT connection operation is not available. Norton Ghost will not automatically reboot the system. Hard disk drive sizes may be displayed smaller than their actual size. Norton Ghost will only be able to access the displayed destination size. The remaining space will not be used. s s s s s Norton Ghost should never be run within Windows NT, Windows 2000, OS/2 or other non-DOS operating systems. To run Norton Ghost on a machine running a non-DOS operating system, use a DOS boot diskette. To start Norton Ghost: s From the DOS prompt, type: C:\> ghostpe.exe Alternatively, boot the machine using a DOS boot disk. A DOS boot disk can be created on a machine running Windows or DOS. See "Setting up a DOS boot disk" on page 16 for more information. Running Norton Ghost in DOS may require additional DOS drivers to be started to allow Norton 23 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Ghost to access and use some hardware. See "Setting up transfer methods" on page 17 for more information. Navigating without a mouse Depending upon how Norton Ghost is started, mouse support may not be available. To use Norton Ghost without a mouse: s s s s Use arrow keys to navigate the menu. Press Tab to move from button to button. Press Enter to activate the selected button. Press Enter to select an item in a list. Cloning disks Disk cloning procedures are accessed from the main menu. To specify the transfer method, select one of the following: s Local 24 Cloning disks s s LPT > Master NetBIOS > Master Cloning from disk to disk To clone disk to disk: 1 2 From the main menu, select Disk > To Disk. The Source Drive dialog box displays. Select the source drive. The Source Drive dialog box displays the details of every disk Norton Ghost can find on the local machine. On selection of the source drive, the Destination Drive dialog box displays. 3 Select the destination drive. The Destination Drive dialog box displays the details of every disk Norton Ghost can find on the destination machine. If a peer-to-peer connection is established this will be the slave machine's disks. (If this is a local disk-to-disk copy, then the source disk will be unavailable for selection.). On selection of the destination drive, the Destination Drive Details dialog box displays. Warning: Choose carefully as this is the disk that is going to get overwritten. 25 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost 4 Confirm or change the destination drive partition layout. The Destination Drive Details dialog box displays a suggested partition layout for the destination drive. By default Norton Ghost allocates any extra space that the new disk has to the first FAT or NTFS partition that it discovers. You can change the size of any destination FAT or NTFS partition at this stage simply by entering the new size in megabytes. You cannot enter a value that exceeds the available space, is beyond the file systems limitations, or that is not large enough to contain the data held in the source partition. On selecting OK, Norton Ghost displays the final "Proceed with disk clone?" question. This is the last chance to back out. 5 Check the details displayed and ensure the correct options have been selected. Do one of the following: 26 Cloning disks s Select Yes to proceed with the disk cloning. The system performs a quick integrity check of the file structure on the source disk and then copies the source disk to the destination. If you need to abort the process use Ctrl-C, but be aware that this leaves the destination disk in an unknown state. Warning: Only select Yes if you are really sure you want to proceed. The destination drive will be completely overwritten with no chance of recovering any data. s Select No to return to the menu. 6 When the disk clone is complete, reboot the machine. Norton Disk Doctor, ScanDisk, or a similar utility can then be run to verify the integrity of the destination disk. Cloning a disk to image file To clone a disk to an image file: 1 2 From the main menu, select Disk > To Image. The Source Drive dialog box displays. Select the source drive. The Source Drive dialog box displays the details of every disk Norton Ghost can find on the local machine. On selection of the source drive, the File Locator dialog box displays. 3 Select the image file. Do one of the following: s s Type the path and filename for the disk image file. Browse to locate the image file. 27 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Specify the drive or device, and specify the full pathname. The image file may reside on a local drive (but not the one that is being copied from). When using peer-to-peer connections, the image file will be created on the slave machine. On pressing Enter, the compress image question displays. 4 Select the compression type. s s s Select No for no compression (high speed). Select Fast for low compression (medium speed). Select High for high compression (slower speed). Compression may affect the speed of operations. On selection of a compression type, Norton Ghost estimates the amount of space available for the destination image file. If there is insufficient space, Norton Ghost prompts you to enable spanning of image files. Note: If spanning is enabled, Norton Ghost prompts for the additional disks and volumes. See "Image files and volume spanning" on page 40 for more information. 28 Cloning disks Norton Ghost displays the final "Proceed with disk dump?" question. This is the last chance to back out. 5 Check the details displayed and ensure the correct options have been selected. Do one of the following: s Select Yes to proceed with the image file creation. The system performs a quick integrity check of the file structure on the source disk and then copies the source disk to the destination image file. If you need to abort the process use Ctrl-C, but be aware that this leaves the destination image file in an unknown state. s Select No to return to the menu. 6 After the image file creation is complete, Norton Ghost can verify the integrity of the image file. From the main menu, select Check > Image File. Cloning a disk from an image file To clone a disk from an image file: 1 2 From the main menu, select Disk > From Image. Norton Ghost displays the File Locator dialog box. Do one of the following: s s Type the path and filename of the image file. Browse to locate the image file. 29 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Specify the drive or device and select the full pathname. Note that the image file may reside on a local drive (but not the one that is being copied to). When using peer-to-peer connections, the file will be located on the slave machine. On pressing enter, the Destination Drive dialog box displays. 3 Select the destination drive. The Destination Drive dialog box displays the details of every drive Norton Ghost can find on the local machine. The disk containing the source image file is not available for selection. On selection of the destination drive, the Destination Drive Details dialog box displays. Warning: Choose carefully as this is the disk that is going to get overwritten. 4 Confirm or change the destination drive partition layout. The Destination Drive Details dialog box displays a suggested partition layout for the destination drive. By default Norton Ghost allocates any extra space that the new disk has to the first FAT or NTFS partition that it discovers. You can change the size of any target FAT or NTFS partition at this stage simply by entering the new size in megabytes. You cannot enter a value that exceeds the available space, is beyond the file systems limitations, or is not large enough to contain the data 30 Cloning disks held in the source partition. On selecting OK, Norton Ghost displays the final "Proceed with disk load?" question. This is the last chance to back out. 5 Check the details displayed and ensure the correct options have been selected. Do one of the following: s Select Yes to proceed with the disk cloning. Norton Ghost creates the destination drive using the source image file drive details. If you need to abort the process use Ctrl-C, but be aware that this leaves the destination drive in an unknown state. Warning: Only select Yes if you are really sure you want to proceed. The destination drive will be completely overwritten with no chance of recovering any data. s Select No to return to the menu. Note: Spanned and split image files are handled as outlined in the image file management section. See "Managing image files" on page 39. 6 When the disk image load is complete, reboot the machine. Norton Disk Doctor, ScanDisk, or a similar utility can then be run to verify the integrity of the destination drive. 31 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Cloning partitions Partition cloning procedures are accessed from the main menu. To specify a transfer method, select one of the following: s s s Local LPT > Master NetBIOS > Master The source and destination partitions must be correctly configured before cloning partitions. Cloning from partition to partition A destination partition must be correctly configured before Norton Ghost can clone another partition into it. To clone from partition to partition: 1 2 From the main menu, select Partition > To Partition. The Source Drive dialog box displays. Select the source drive. The Source Drive dialog box displays the details of every drive Norton Ghost can find on the local machine. On selection of the source drive, the Source Partition dialog box displays. 32 Cloning partitions 3 Select the source partition. The Source Partition dialog box displays the details of all the partitions on the selected source drive. On selection of the source partition, the Destination Drive dialog box displays. 4 Select the destination drive. The Destination Drive dialog box displays the details of every disk Norton Ghost can find on the destination machine. For peer-to-peer connections, the slave machine is the destination. On selection of the destination drive, the Destination Partition dialog box displays. 5 Select the destination partition. The Destination Partition dialog box displays the details of all the partitions on the selected destination drive. On selection of the destination partition, Norton Ghost displays the final "Proceed with partition copy?" question. This is the last chance to back out. 33 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Warning: Choose carefully as this is the partition that is going to be overwritten. 6 Check the details displayed and ensure the correct options have been selected. Do one of the following: s Select Yes to proceed with the partition copy. If you need to abort the process use Ctrl-C, but be aware that this leaves the destination drive in an unknown state. Warning: Only select Yes if you are really sure you want to proceed. The destination partition will be completely overwritten with no chance of recovering any data. s Select No to return to the menu. 7 When the partition copy is complete, reboot the destination machine. Norton Disk Doctor, ScanDisk, or a similar utility can then be run to verify the integrity of the destination partition. Cloning from partition to image file To clone a partition to an image file: 1 2 34 From the main menu, select Partition > To Image. The Source Drive dialog box displays. Select the source drive. Cloning partitions The Source Drive dialog box displays the details of every disk Norton Ghost can find on the local machine. On selection of the source drive, the Source Partition dialog box displays. 3 Select the source partitions to be included in the destination image file. The Source Partition dialog box displays the details of all the partitions on the selected source drive. Multiple partitions may be selected. On selecting OK, the File Locator dialog box displays. 4 Select the image file. Do one of the following: s s Type the path and filename for the disk image file. Browse to locate the image file. The image file may reside on a local drive (but not the one that is being copied from). When using peer-to-peer connections, the image file will be created on the slave machine. On pressing Enter, the compress image question displays. 5 Select the compression type. s s s Select No for no compression (high speed). Select Fast for low compression (medium speed). Select High for high compression (slower speed). Compression may affect the speed of operations. On selection of a compression level, Norton Ghost estimates the amount of space available for the destination image file. If there is insufficient space, Norton Ghost prompts you to enable spanning of image files. Note: If spanning is enabled, Norton Ghost prompts for the additional disks and volumes. See "Image files and volume spanning" on page 40 for more information. 35 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Norton Ghost displays the final "Proceed with partition dump?" question. This is the last chance to back out. 6 Check the details displayed and ensure the correct options have been selected. Do one of the following: s Select Yes to proceed with the image file creation. The system performs a quick integrity check of the file structure on the source partitions and then copies the source partitions to the destination image file. If you need to abort the process use Ctrl-C, but be aware that this leaves the destination image file in an unknown state. s Select No to return to the menu. 7 After the image file creation is complete, Norton Ghost can verify the integrity of the image file. From the main menu, select Check > Image File. Cloning a partition from an image file A destination partition must be correctly configured before Norton Ghost can clone another partition into it. To clone a partition from an image file: 1 2 From the main menu, select Partition > From Image. The File Locator dialog box displays. Do one of the following: s s Type the path and filename of the image file. Browse to locate the image file. Specify the drive or device and select the full pathname. Note that the image file may reside on a local drive (but not the one that is being copied to). When using peer-to-peer connections, the image file will be located on the slave machine. On pressing Enter, the Source Partition dialog box displays. 36 Cloning partitions 3 Select the source partition from the image file. The Source Partition dialog box displays the details of all the partitions in the image file. On selection of the source partition, the Destination Drive dialog box displays. 4 Select the destination drive. The Destination Drive dialog box displays the details of every disk Norton Ghost can find on the local machine. On selection of the destination drive, the Destination Partition dialog box displays. 5 Select the destination partition. The Destination Partition dialog box displays the details of all the partitions on the selected destination drive. On selection of the destination partition, Norton Ghost displays the final "Proceed with partition load?" question. This is the last chance to back out. 37 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Warning: Choose carefully as this is the partition that is going to be overwritten. 6 Check the details displayed and ensure the correct options have been selected. Do one of the following: s Select Yes to proceed with the partition cloning. Norton Ghost overwrites the destination partition using the partition details contained in the image file. If you need to abort the process use Ctrl-C, but be aware that this leaves the destination partition in an unknown state. Warning: Only select Yes if you are really sure you want to proceed. The destination partition will be completely overwritten with no chance of recovering any data. s Select No to return to the menu. Note: Spanned and split image files are handled as outlined in the Image File Management section. See "Managing image files" on page 39. 7 When the partition copy is complete, reboot the destination machine. Norton Disk Doctor, ScanDisk, or a similar utility can then be run to verify the integrity of the destination partition. 38 Managing image files Managing image files Norton Ghost can create an image file that contains all the information required to recreate a complete disk or partition. Image files are a useful way to store and reliably compress images of model system configurations, or to create backup copies of complete drives or partitions. The image files created with Norton Ghost have a .gho extension by default. They can contain the entire disk or partitions in the disk. Image files support: s s s s Various levels of compression CRC32 data integrity checking Splitting of media files Spanning across volumes If you also use the Ghost Explorer application, an image file companion utility, individual files from these image files can be recovered selectively without having to restore the complete partition or disk. Image files and compression Image files created in Norton Ghost support several levels of data compression. When using Norton Ghost in interactive mode, three compression options are provided: none, fast, and high. The Norton Ghost command-line switches provide access to nine levels of compression. The compression switch -Z is detailed in Appendix A. As a general rule, the more compression you use, the slower Norton Ghost will operate. However, compression can improve speed when there is a data transfer bottleneck. There is a big difference in speed between high compression and no compression when creating an image file on a local disk. Over a NetBIOS connection, fast compression is often as fast as, or faster than, no compression. Over a parallel cable, high compression is often faster than no compression because fewer bytes need to be sent over the cable. Decompression of high-compressed images is much faster than the original compression. The level of compression you should select depends on your own individual requirements. 39 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost Image files and CRC32 Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC) is a data error checking technique. CRC ensures that the original data that was written to the image file is the same as the data that is being used from the image file. The 32 value in CRC32 indicates the CRC technique uses a 32-bit value to store error checking information. The use of CRC32 increases detection of errors in the image file. When image files are created, CRC32 details are embedded into the file to ensure image file corruption can be detected when it is being restored to disk. CRC32 is currently included on a file-by-file basis with FAT partitions and on a MFT table basis for NTFS partitions. In addition to image file error detection, the CRC values can be used to verify that image files and partitions or disks are identical. This can offer an additional detection method against bad sector writes and other drive anomalies that may be missed during normal imaging checks. A text file containing CRC values and associated file attributes can be generated using the -CRC32 command-line switch. These switches and functions are detailed in Appendix A. Image files and volume spanning Standard image files Standard image files consist of a single file that contains the contents of the complete disk or required partitions. This type of image file is used for storing system configurations on hard disk drives and tape drives where the volume is large enough and capable of holding the complete image file in one piece. Size-limited, multi-segment image files There are situations where it may not be practical to have a standard image file. Norton Ghost can split up an image file into segments (known as spans) that are limited to a user-specified size. This option is most commonly used to limit span sizes to 550 MB for later transfer onto CD. 40 Managing image files Spanned image files Spanned image files are similar to size-limited multi-segment image files. The difference is that each segment file (or span) of the image file is limited by the actual volume size of the media the image is being saved to. This allows you to specify a drive and filename and let Norton Ghost sort out when to request another volume or location for the remaining data. For example, this is very useful when using ZIP, JAZ, LS120 Superdisk, and other disk drive types. Norton Ghost also allows size limiting of spans when spanning volumes, ensuring no span exceeds the maximum size. With all image files, the only constraint on the selection of the destination volume is that it must not be part of the source selection; for example, it cannot be on a source disk or partition if that disk or partition is being included in the image. Creating an image file An image file can be created using the disk-to-image file and partitions-toimage file options in Norton Ghost. For more information, see "Cloning a disk to image file" on page 27 and "Cloning from partition to image file" on page 34. How to span an image across multiple volumes and limit span sizes When creating an image file from a disk or partition, the destination drive may not have sufficient space to store the image file. If Norton Ghost estimates this is the case, you are informed that there is not enough space on the destination volume and asked whether to enable spanning the image file. Norton Ghost assumes compression will reduce the size of the image by one-third when determining whether the image will fit. Alternatively, the -span and -split command-line switches can be used to configure Norton Ghost on start up to use image file splitting. See "Norton Ghost command-line switches" on page 47 for more information. The following message displays: 41 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost If you select compression and there is still a possibility of insufficient space, the following message displays: If spanning is not enabled, an error message displays: Before starting to save the disk contents to the image file, Norton Ghost displays the source and destination details and gives you a chance to back out. The default is to back out. Once the process starts, the image file creation continues until the destination volume is filled up. You are prompted to either select Enter to continue or specify where the next span of the image file is to be located. Select OK to continue on the same form of media or enter a filename to span to a different location. For example, if you started spanning onto a JAZ drive and wish to span a 3.0 GB drive onto just JAZ disks, select Enter to continue on JAZ disks. If you wish to span across different forms of media, selecting FileName gives you the option to span onto a different location. Caution: Record where you save your segments of the span. Also record the filename of each span segment. Norton Ghost will not record the location and filename you have selected. If you have a single partition on a drive, or if you are imaging a single partition, Norton Ghost will end on the last-spanned volume with no user intervention. However, if you are imaging a hard drive with multiple partitions, Norton Ghost needs to record boundary information onto the first span of the image file. This boundary information is recorded to the location of the partition amongst the spanned set. You are prompted to confirm that the first span is ready to be updated. 42 Managing image files The screen below shows how Norton Ghost will prompt you for span set disk one and for subsequent volumes. How to load from a spanned image When loading a disk or partition from an image file, the process is the same as loading from an unspanned image file. The loading procedure is the reverse of the saving procedure. You are prompted to provide details of each portion of the spanned image, as shown in the screen below. Do one of the following: s Select OK to continue on the same form of media. For example, if you originally spanned onto a JAZ drive and wish to restore a 3.0 GB drive from just JAZ disks, replace the disk and press Enter to continue from JAZ disks. If you wish to restore from different forms of media, selecting FileName gives you the option to restore from a different location. s Caution: You need to know where you saved your segments of the span. You must also know each filename and path for each span segment. When the disk image load is complete, reboot the target machine. Image files and tape drives Norton Ghost's support of SCSI tape drives allows storage of a single image file onto a tape. When written onto the tape, there is no associated file system used and this means that you are unable to access the tape from a drive letter as if it were another storage drive. SCSI tapes only support standard image files. 43 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost When using tape drives with Norton Ghost, the tape drive can be selected as the source or destination device in the File Locator window. Each SCSI tape device is shown as MTx, where x is a number starting at 0 and increases incrementally for each drive present. For example, the following screen shows a tape drive MT0 available for use. For Norton Ghost to access SCSI tape drives, a DOS ASPI driver must be installed prior to use. See "Setting up transfer methods" on page 17 for more information. Norton Ghost in its default mode performs well with most SCSI tape devices. In some situations with older style SCSI tape devices and possibly with unreliable tapes, Norton Ghost may need to be configured to slow down or alter the way it uses the tape device. These options are listed in Appendix A. Viewing image file content and selective file restoration Ghost Explorer is a Norton Ghost companion Windows 95 program that looks similar to Windows Explorer. It can open an image file and restore individual files or entire directory structures from it. It can also launch Norton Ghost in batch mode to create an image file, using Windows dialog 44 Managing image files boxes to prompt for the disk and partition to save. A sample screen is shown below: Norton Ghost creates an index in the image file as it works that allows Ghost Explorer to create a display of files very quickly. For more information on Ghost Explorer, see the Ghost Explorer online help. 45 Chapter 3: Using Norton Ghost