User manual TASCAM DA-98

» DA-98 Digital Multitrack Recorder D00337200A OWNER'S MANUAL Ü ÿ Y This appliance has a serial number located on the rear panel. Please record the model number and serial number and retain them for your records. Model number Serial number CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated "dangerous voltage" within the product's enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.. The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance. WARNING: TO PREVENT FIRE OR SHOCK HAZARD, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. Important Safety Precautions IMPORTANT (for U.K. Customers) DO NOT cut off the mains plug from this equipment. If the plug fitted is not suitable for the power points in your home or the cable is too short to reach a power point, then obtain an appropriate safety approved extension lead or consult your dealer. If nonetheless the mains plug is cut off, remove the fuse and dispose of the plug immediately, to avoid a possible shock hazard by inadvertent connection to the mains supply. If this product is not provided with a mains plug, or one has to be fitted, then follow the instructions given below: IMPORTANT: The wires in this mains lead are coloured in accordance with the following code: GREEN-AND-YELLOW BLUE BROWN : EARTH : NEUTRAL : LIVE For U.S.A TO THE USER This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residental area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. CAUTION Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by TEAC CORPORATION for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. WARNING: This apparatus must be earthed. As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug proceed as follows: The wire which is coloured GREEN-and-YELLOW must be connected to the terminal in the plug which is marked by the letter E or by the safety earth symbol ç or coloured GREEN or GREENand-YELLOW. For the consumers in Europe The wire which is coloured BLUE must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured BLACK. The wire which is coloured BROWN must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter L or coloured RED. When replacing the fuse only a correctly rated approved type should be used and be sure to re-fit the fuse cover. IF IN DOUBT -- CONSULT A COMPETENT ELECTRICIAN. WARNING This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Pour les utilisateurs en Europe AVERTISSEMENT Il s'agit d'un produit de Classe A. Dans un environnement domestique, cet appareil peut provoquer des interférences radio, dans ce cas l'utilisateur peut être amené à prendre des mesures appropriées. Für Kunden in Europa Warnung Dies is eine Einrichtung, welche die Funk-Entstörung nach Klasse A besitzt. Diese Einrichtung kann im Wohnbereich Funkstörungen versursachen ; in diesem Fall kann vom Betrieber verlang werden, angemessene Maßnahmen durchzuführen und dafür aufzukommen. 2 TASCAM DA-98 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS CAUTION: ... Read all of these Instructions. ... Save these Instructions for later use. ... Follow all Warnings and Instructions marked on the audio equipment. 1) Read Instructions -- All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the product is operated. 2) Retain Instructions -- The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference. 3) Heed Warnings -- All warnings on the product and in the operating instructions should be adhered to. 4) Follow Instructions -- All operating and use instructions should be followed. 5) Cleaning -- Unplug this product from the wall outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners or aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for cleaning. 6) Attachments -- Do not use attachments not recommended by the product manufacturer as they may cause hazards. 7) Water and Moisture -- Do not use this product near water -- for example, near a bath tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, or laundry tub; in a wet basement; or near a swimming pool; and the like. 8) Accessories -- Do not place this product on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The product may fall, causing serious injury to a child or adult, and serious damage to the product. Use only with a cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table recommended by the manufacturer, or sold with the product. Any mounting of the product should follow the manufacturer's instructions, and should use a mounting accessory recommended by the manufacturer. 9) A product and cart combination should be moved with care. Quick stops, excessive force, and uneven surfaces may cause the product and cart combination to overturn. "Note to CATV system installer: This reminder is provided to call the CATV system installer's attention to Section 820-40 of the NEC which provides guidelines for proper grounding and, in particular, specifies that the cable ground shall be connected to the grounding system of the building, as close to the point of cable entry as practical. Example of Antenna Grounding as per National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70 ANTENNA LEAD IN WIRE GROUND CLAMP ANTENNA DISCHARGE UNIT (NEC SECTION 810-20) ELECTRIC SERVICE EQUIPMENT GROUNDING CONDUCTORS (NEC SECTION 810-21) GROUND CLAMPS POWER SERVICE GROUNDING ELECTRODE SYSTEM (NEC ART 250. PART H) NEC - NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE 10) Ventilation -- Slots and openings in the cabinet are provided for ventilation and to ensure reliable operation of the product and to protect it from overheating, and these openings must not be blocked or covered. The openings should never be blocked by placing the product on a bed, sofa, rug, or other similar surface. This product should not be placed in a built-in installation such as a bookcase or rack unless proper ventilation is provided or the manufacturer's instructions have been adhered to. 11) Power Sources -- This product should be operated only from the type of power source indicated on the marking label. If you are not sure of the type of power supply to your home, consult your product dealer or local power company. For products intended to operate from battery power, or other sources, refer to the operating instructions. 12) Grounding or Polarization -- This product may be equipped with a polarized alternating-current line plug (a plug having one blade wider than the other). This plug will fit into the power outlet only one way. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug fully into the outlet, try reversing the plug. If the plug should still fail to fit, contact your electrician to replace your obsolete outlet. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized plug. 13) Power-Cord Protection -- Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them, paying particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the product. 14) Outdoor Antenna Grounding -- If an outside antenna or cable system is connected to the product, be sure the antenna or cable system is grounded so as to provide some protection against voltage surges and builtup static charges. Article 810 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, provides information with regard to proper grounding of the mast and supporting structure, grounding of the lead-in wire to an antenna discharge unit, size of grounding conductors, location of antenna-discharge unit, connection to grounding electrodes, and requirements for the grounding electrode. 15) Lightning -- For added protection for this product during a lightning storm, or when it is left unattended and unused for long periods of time, unplug it from the wall outlet and disconnect the antenna or cable system. This will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power-line surges. 16) Power Lines -- An outside antenna system should not be located in the vicinity of overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or where it can fall into such power lines or circuits. When installing an outside antenna system, extreme care should be taken to keep from touching such power lines or circuits as contact with them might be fatal. 17) Overloading -- Do not overload wall outlets, extension cords, or integral convenience receptacles as this can result in risk of fire or electric shock. 18) Object and Liquid Entry -- Never push objects of any kind into this product through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short-out parts that could result in a fire or electric shock. Never spill liquid of any kind on the product. 19) Servicing -- Do not attempt to service this product yourself as opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage or other hazards. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. 20) Damage Requiring Service -- Unplug this product from the wall outlet and refer servicing to qualified service personnel under the following conditions: a) when the power-supply cord or plug is damaged. b) if liquid has been spilled, or objects have fallen into the product. c) if the product has been exposed to rain or water. d) if the product does not operate normally by following the operating instructions. Adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions as an improper adjustment of other controls may result in damage and will often require extensive work by a qualified technician to restore the product to its normal operation. e) if the product has been dropped or damaged in any way. f ) when the product exhibits a distinct change in performance ­ this indicates a need for service. 21) Replacement Parts -- When replacement parts are required, be sure the service technician has used replacement parts specified by the manufacturer or have the same characteristics as the original part. Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire, electric shock, or other hazards. 22) Safety Check -- Upon completion of any service or repairs to this product, ask the service technician to perform safety checks to determine that the product is in proper operating condition. 23) Wall or Ceiling Mounting -- The product should be mounted to a wall or ceiling only as recommended by the manufacturer. 24) Heat -- The product should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other products (including amplifiers) that produce heat. TASCAM DA-98 3 Table of Contents 1 ­Introduction to the DA-98 1.1 Unpacking ..................................................1-1 1.2 Features .....................................................1-1 1.3 Using this manual .....................................1-2 1.4 Precautions and recommendations ........1-2 1.4.1 Clock source in a digital studio ..................... 1-2 1.4.2 Confidence replay....................................... 1-2 1.4.3 Environmental conditions ............................ 1-3 1.4.4 Installing the DA-98..................................... 1-3 1.4.5 Electrical considerations.............................. 1-3 1.4.6 Condensation ............................................ 1-3 1.5 Recommended tapes ................................1-4 1.5.1 Tape brands............................................... 1-4 1.5.2 Available recording and playback time ........... 1-5 [46] METER UNIT (MU-8824) ................................. 3-1 [47] ANALOG INPUT ........................................... 3-1 [48] ANALOG OUTPUT ........................................ 3-1 [49] ~ IN ............................................................ 3-1 4 ­Connections 4.1 Audio connections.................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Analog audio connections ........................... 4-1 4.1.2 Digital audio connections ............................ 4-1 4.2 Synchronization connections.................. 4-1 4.2.1 Analog timecode connections ...................... 4-1 4.2.2 Video connections...................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Word clock connections .............................. 4-2 4.3 Control connections ................................. 4-2 4.3.1 RS-422 connector....................................... 4-2 4.3.2 MIDI connectors (IN , OUT and THRU) ............ 4-2 4.3.3 Parallel control .......................................... 4-3 4.4 Connection to other TASCAM units........ 4-3 4.4.1 Multiple DTRS units .................................... 4-3 4.4.2 "Indirect" word sync ................................... 4-3 4.4.3 Meter unit (MU-8824)................................... 4-3 2 ­Front Panel controls [1] Power switch .................................................2-1 [2] Tape counter and status indicators....................2-1 [3] Tape loading slot............................................2-1 [4] EJECT key.....................................................2-1 [5] Display screen ...............................................2-1 [6] FORMAT/Fs indicators and switch .....................2-1 [7] REF LEVEL (reference level indicators) ..............2-1 [8] Peak meters...................................................2-1 [9] RHSL (F 1) key and indicator ............................2-2 [10] AUTO PUNCH (F 2) key and indicator ...............2-2 [11] CLEAR (F 3) key............................................2-2 [12] AUTO PLAY (F 4) key and indicator ..................2-2 [13] MEMO 1 (F 5)................................................2-2 [14] MEMO 2 (+/­)................................................2-2 [15] DIGITAL IN switch and indicator ......................2-2 [16] CHASE switch and indicator ...........................2-2 [17] CONFIDENCE MODE switch and indicator.........2-2 [18] ALL INPUT (F 6) key and indicator....................2-2 [19] AUTO MON (F 7) key and indicator...................2-2 [20] SHTL MON (F 8) key and indicator....................2-3 [21] REPEAT (F 9) key and indicator .......................2-3 [22] LOC 1 (F 10) key ...........................................2-3 [23] LOC 2 (PRESET) key......................................2-3 [24] SHIFT key and indicator .................................2-3 [25] CURSOR keys ..............................................2-3 [26] SHUTTLE switch, indicator and control.............2-3 [27] ENTER and ESCAPE keys ..............................2-3 [28] REC FUNCTION switches and indicators...........2-3 [29] INPUT MONITOR switches and indicators .........2-3 [30] CLOCK switch and indicators .........................2-3 [31] TC REC switch and indicator...........................2-4 [32] REW key......................................................2-4 [33] F FWD key ...................................................2-4 [34] STOP key ....................................................2-4 [35] PLAY key.....................................................2-4 [36] RECORD key ................................................2-4 5 ­Menu operations 5.1 The menus ................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 Navigation around the menu system.............. 5-1 5.1.2 Using the ENTER key .................................. 5-1 5.1.3 The ESCAPE key........................................ 5-1 5.1.4 Editing values............................................ 5-1 5.1.5 Resetting a menu value ............................... 5-2 5.1.6 Changing menu values fast.......................... 5-2 5.1.7 Blanking the screen display ......................... 5-2 5.2 Function key modes ................................. 5-2 5.2.1 The SHIFT key and function keys .................. 5-3 5.2.2 Using the function keys as number keys ........ 5-3 5.3 Assigning menus to function keys ......... 5-4 5.3.1 To assign a menu screen to a key ................. 5-4 5.3.2 Recalling an assigned menu function ............ 5-4 6 ­Basic operations 6.1 Formatting a tape...................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Aborting the format process ........................ 6-1 6.1.2 Recording while formatting .......................... 6-2 6.2 Recording the first tracks ........................ 6-2 6.3 Preparing to record................................... 6-2 6.3.1 Write-protecting cassettes ........................... 6-2 6.3.2 Recording the basic tracks (i) ....................... 6-2 6.3.3 Recording the basic tracks (ii) ...................... 6-3 6.3.4 Replaying the first tracks............................. 6-3 6.4 Overdubbing.............................................. 6-3 6.5 Track bouncing ......................................... 6-3 6.6 Punch-in and punch-out........................... 6-3 6.6.1 Automatic punch point setting...................... 6-4 6.6.2 Setting punch points "on the fly" .................. 6-4 6.6.3 Setting punch points using the menus ........... 6-5 6.6.4 Editing the pre-roll and post-roll times ........... 6-5 6.6.5 Rehearsing the punch-in ............................. 6-6 6.6.6 Interrupting a rehearsal or punch recording.... 6-6 6.6.7 Recording the punch-in ............................... 6-6 6.6.8 Replaying the punched material.................... 6-7 6.6.9 Exiting punch-in mode ................................ 6-7 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ TOC-1 3 ­Rear Panel connectors [37] TIME CODE (IN and OUT)................................3-1 [38] VIDEO (IN/THRU)...........................................3-1 [39] WORD SYNC (IN/OUT/THRU)...........................3-1 [40] RS-422 ........................................................3-1 [41] MIDI IN/OUT/THRU ........................................3-1 [42] CONTROL I/O ...............................................3-1 [43] REMOTE IN/SYNC IN .....................................3-1 [44] SYNC OUT ...................................................3-1 [45] TDIF-1 (DIGITAL I/O) ......................................3-1 Table of Contents 7 ­Monitoring modes 7.1 Monitoring controls .................................. 7-1 7.1.1 ALL INPUT [18] and INPUT MONITOR [29] ...... 7-1 7.1.2 AUTO MON ............................................... 7-1 7.1.3 Shuttle monitoring ..................................... 7-2 7.2 Confidence mode...................................... 7-2 7.2.1 Arming tracks in pairs................................. 7-3 7.2.2 Using confidence mode .............................. 7-3 9-5 9-5 9.5 Error messages......................................... 9-5 9.4.1 Synchronized formatting ............................. 9.4.2 Recording while formatting .......................... 10 ­Operations related to timecode 10.1 ABS and SMPTE/EBU timecode .......... 10-1 10.1.1 ABS time............................................... 10-1 10.1.2 Tape timecode ....................................... 10-1 10.1.3 Selecting TC or ABS timing ...................... 10-1 10.1.4 Location point settings ............................ 10-2 10.2 Tape timecode mode ............................ 10-2 10.2.1 TcTrack setting ...................................... 10-2 10.2.2 ABS setting ........................................... 10-2 10.2.3 ABS-Ofs setting ..................................... 10-2 10.2.4 ABS-13 and ABS-23 settings .................... 10-3 10.2.5 Checking tape TC ................................... 10-3 10.3 Selecting the frame rate ....................... 10-4 10.3.1 Pull up and pull down (Fs shift)................. 10-4 10.4 Timecode input and output.................. 10-4 10.4.1 Timecode input ...................................... 10-4 10.4.2 Timecode output .................................... 10-5 10.4.3 Timecode output format........................... 10-5 10.4.4 Timecode output timing ........................... 10-5 10.4.5 Using MIDI Time Code (MTC) .................... 10-6 10.5 Recording timecode ............................. 10-6 10.5.1 Selecting the timecode source .................. 10-6 10.5.2 Recording timecode using the generator .... 10-6 10.5.3 Synthesizing timecode from ABS timing..... 10-8 10.5.4 Assembling timecode.............................. 10-8 10.5.5 External timecode sources ....................... 10-8 10.5.6 Recording timecode from external sources . 10-9 10.5.7 Checking external timecode ..................... 10-10 10.6 Video resolution.................................... 10-10 10.7 Chasing to timecode............................. 10-10 10.7.1 Machine ID and timecode ......................... 10-10 10.7.2 Setting timecode offset............................ 10-11 10.7.3 Setting timecode offset from the menu ....... 10-11 10.7.4 Cancelling timecode offset ....................... 10-11 10.7.5 Setting timecode offset on-the-fly.............. 10-11 10.7.6 Park position ......................................... 10-12 10.7.7 Automatic park position setting ................ 10-12 10.7.8 Absolute and relative difference ................ 10-12 10.7.9 Rechasing timecode................................ 10-13 10.7.10 Bypassing timecode errors..................... 10-13 10.7.11 Individual recording while chasing timecode ..................................................... 8 ­Advanced operations 8.1 Autolocation.............................................. 8-1 8.1.1 Setting MEMO 1 and MEMO 2 "on the fly" ...... 8-1 8.1.2 Checking, editing and manually entering MEMO 1 and MEMO 2 .................................................. 8-1 8.1.3 Setting the location pre-roll time ................... 8-1 8.1.4 Moving to MEMO 1 and MEMO 2 ................... 8-2 8.2 Function key location memories............. 8-2 8.2.1 Storing a function key location memory ......... 8-2 8.2.2 Editing function key memories ..................... 8-2 8.2.3 Locating to a function key memory ............... 8-3 8.2.4 Location and playback ................................ 8-3 8.2.5 Repeat function ......................................... 8-3 8.2.6 To start repeat play .................................... 8-3 8.3 Track delay ................................................ 8-4 8.3.1 To set the track delay:................................. 8-4 8.4 Crossfade times........................................ 8-4 8.5 Vari speed (pitch control) ........................ 8-5 8.5.1 To set a non-standard speed........................ 8-5 8.5.2 Resetting the speed to standard ................... 8-5 8.6 Shuttle operations .................................... 8-5 8.6.1 Shuttle monitoring ..................................... 8-6 8.6.2 Shuttle muting........................................... 8-6 8.7 Reference levels ....................................... 8-6 8.8 Meter modes.............................................. 8-7 8.8.1 Peak hold time........................................... 8-7 8.8.2 Meter ballistics .......................................... 8-7 8.9 Sine oscillator ........................................... 8-7 8.9.1 Recording the oscillator .............................. 8-7 8.10 Digital recording ..................................... 8-8 8.10.1 Changing between digital and analog inputs . 8-8 8.10.2 Selecting word length ............................... 8-8 8.11 Routing digital inputs............................. 8-8 8.11.1 Track Copy (channel-to-track routing) .......... 8-9 8.12 REC MUTE (recording silence).............. 8-9 8.13 Dither ....................................................... 8-9 8.13.1 Selecting dither settings ............................ 8-10 8.14 Setting the power-on message.............. 8-10 10-14 11 ­External control 11.0.1 Selecting the control source (protocol)....... 11-1 11.1 Use with 9-pin external control............ 11-1 11.1.1 Video clocking ....................................... 11-1 11.1.2 Emulation.............................................. 11-1 11.1.3 Record delay ......................................... 11-1 11.1.4 Cue-up tally ........................................... 11-2 11.1.5 Fast wind speed ..................................... 11-2 11.1.6 Track mapping ....................................... 11-3 11.1.7 Timecode track mapping.......................... 11-3 11.1.8 Remote track arming ............................... 11-4 11.2 Bus protocol.......................................... 11-4 11.2.1 Assigning a MIDI and Bus ID to the DA-98... 11-4 11.3 MIDI Machine Control ........................... 11-4 11.3.1 MMC commands and the DA-98 ................ 11-4 9 ­Synchronization with other DTRS units 9.1 Synchronization connections.................. 9-1 9.2 Machine ID and master/slave settings.... 9-1 9.2.1 Differences between DTRS models ............... 9-1 9.2.2 Setting machine ID ..................................... 9-2 9.2.3 Master/slave settings (CHASE mode)............. 9-2 9.3 Machine offset........................................... 9-2 9.3.1 Setting machine offset ................................ 9-2 9.3.2 Cancelling machine offset ........................... 9-3 9.3.3 Setting machine offset "on the fly"................ 9-3 9.3.4 An example of setting offsets....................... 9-3 9.4 Digital dubbing.......................................... 9-4 TOC-2 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Table of Contents 12 ­Menu and parameter reference 12.1 Menu groups..........................................12-1 12.1.1 Menu group 0 ......................................... 12-1 12.1.2 Menu group 1 ......................................... 12-2 12.1.3 Menu group 2 ......................................... 12-2 12.1.4 Menu group 3 ......................................... 12-3 12.1.5 Menu group 4 ......................................... 12-3 12.1.6 Menu group 5 ......................................... 12-4 12.1.7 Menu group 6 ......................................... 12-5 12.1.8 Menu group 7 ......................................... 12-5 12.1.9 Menu group 8 ......................................... 12-6 12.1.10 Menu group 9........................................ 12-6 12.1.11 Menu group E ....................................... 12-7 12.1.12 Menu group F ....................................... 12-7 12.2 Menu item index ....................................12-8 13 ­Example setups 13.1 An all-DA-98 setup ................................13-1 13.2 Post-production work. ..........................13-2 13.3 Project studio (`B' room) ......................13-4 14 ­Maintenance and memory setups 14.1 Head and transport cleaning................14-1 14.1.1 To clean the heads and transport ............... 14-1 14.1.2 Checking error rates ................................ 14-2 14.1.3 Checking head time ................................. 14-2 14.1.4 Checking head search time....................... 14-2 14.2 Memory backup .....................................14-3 14.3 User setups............................................14-3 14.3.1 Saving user setups.................................. 14-3 14.3.2 Loading user setups ................................ 14-3 14.3.3 Resetting the memory.............................. 14-4 14.4 Checking version numbers ..................14-4 14.4.1 Software upgrades .................................. 14-4 15 ­Options, specifications and reference 15.1 Options for the DA-98 ...........................15-1 15.1.1 RM-98 Rack Mount Adaptor ...................... 15-1 15.1.2 Remote control (RC-848) .......................... 15-1 15.1.3 Meter unit (MU-8824)................................ 15-1 15.1.4 Digital audio convertors ........................... 15-2 15.1.5 Cables................................................... 15-2 15.1.6 CONTROL I/O connector pinout ................. 15-2 15.2 Specifications ........................................15-3 15.2.1 Physical specifications ............................ 15-3 15.2.2 Power specifications ............................... 15-3 15.2.3 Digital recording characteristics ................ 15-3 15.2.4 Tape recorder section .............................. 15-3 15.2.5 Tape transport ........................................ 15-4 15.2.6 Inputs and outputs .................................. 15-4 15.2.7 Audio specifications ................................ 15-4 15-4 15.3 MMC Bit Map Array ...............................15-6 15.4 MIDI Implementation Chart ...................15-8 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ TOC-3 15.2.8 9-pin (RS-422), MIDI, synchronizer specifications ............................................... Table of Contents TOC-4 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Section 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 The TASCAM DA-98 is a digital audio multitrack recorder designed for use in a variety of applications, including video post-production and audio multitrack work. It records 8 tracks of full-quality digital audio on standard Hi8 video cassettes using a speciallydesigned transport and head mechanism. Using this medium, up to 108 minutes of continuous recording is possible on a single NTSC "120" tape. Recording is carried out at a full 16 bits of resolution, and digital data may be input at 16, 20 or 24 bits of resolution. Analog signals are converted to digital data using 64 times oversampling deltasigma techniques. The DA-98 builds on the foundations laid by the TASCAM DA-88 and DA-38 digital multitrack recorders, and retains compatibility with them. Tapes recorded on one of the DA series can be replayed and overdubbed on any other machine in the series, or any DTRS1 machine. · · · · · · · · · · · 1.1 Unpacking The box contains the following. · · DA-98 Digital Multitrack Recorder (x 1) Accessories: ­Rackmount screw kit (x 1) ­AC power cord, 2 m (6 ft) long (x 1) ­This manual (x 1) · Warranty card (x 1) · · · · · · · · · 1.2 Features Other key features of the DA-98 include: · TASCAM-exclusive high-performance/high wear resistive rotary 4-head mechanism with TASCAM original track layout (DTRS standard) Use of standard, low-cost media with long recording and playback times DTRS is a trademark of TEAC Corporation · 1 · 16-bit linear quantization at either 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz provides CD-quality sound or better Fast, frame-accurate tape location and positioning; end-to-end winding for a "120" tape is around 80 seconds Direct digital synchronization of up to 16 DTRS recorders (128 tracks) without the use of any external synchronizer or controller Direct digital dubbing between DTRS units Track Copy function acts as an internal digital patchbay, allowing input-to-track assignment without the use of external equipment Balanced +4dBu analog inputs and outputs carried on a convenient compact D-sub connector Selectable nominal analog I/O levels to conform to SMPTE, EBU, etc. standards 15-segment peak meters with user-selectable fall ballistics and variable hold time (including continuous peak hold) Integral digital sine oscillator, providing signals at 440Hz for tuning and 1kHz for lineup purposes Digital input and output on a single convenient compact D-sub connector (TDIF-1 format) Settings carried out through a menu hierarchy using a 20-character x 4-line LCD display with cursor keys and an ENTER/ESCAPE system The 10 most commonly-used functions can be assigned to "soft keys" for easy recall Full SMPTE/EBU timecode synchronization , including on-board timecode generator MIDI Time Code and MIDI Machine Control Confidence replay mode, allowing off-tape monitoring while recording is in progress Input monitor mode allows channel-by-channel source monitoring, regardless of tape transport status Three user setup memory banks for storing setup profiles Simplified source/tape monitoring functions with automatic switching Auto punch-in and punch-out with rehearsal mode 2-point full function autolocator with A­B repeat function , and 10 "soft key" location memories Variable speed recording and playback (up to 6.0% in 0.1% steps) 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 1-1 Section 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 · Shuttle mode enables "rock and roll" audio positioning of key locations 1.4 Precautions and recommendations As with any precision piece of electronic equipment, common-sense precautions apply with the DA-98. However, there are a few extra precautions which apply to the DA-98, and we suggest that you make a note of these, to prolong the useful life of the DA-98. 1.3 Using this manual We suggest that you take the trouble to read this manual through at least once before starting to use the DA-98. In this way, you will find out where to turn when you need answers. We suggest that you make a special note of the section 1.4, "Precautions and recommendations" as these contain some information which is unique to the DA-98. We also suggest that you also read 5, "Menu operations", as this will help you when you come to perform basic operations. When referring to a control or a connector on the DA-98, the name of the control or connector will be written in bold type, and will often be followed by a num ber in brackets, as in the example below: Holding down the PLAY [35] and pressing the RECORD [36] key will start the recording process. 1.4.1 Clock source in a digital studio The DA-98 can be used in a variety of situations, and with a variety of equipment, either digital or analog. If you are working with more than one digital audio unit in your setup, you should note that all units must be driven by the same central clock source ("word clock" or "word sync"). If different word clock sources are used throughout the setup, it is actually possible to damage speakers, etc. because of mismatches. The DA-98 can be designated as the word clock master for your studio, or can be slaved to external word clocks, using a convenient front-panel switch and standard BNC connectors. Even though AES/EBU stereo digital audio signals are self-clocking, any AES/EBU format signals converted and fed to or from the DA-98 must be synchronized at word level with the DA-98. The numbers refer to the front and rear panel illustrations and description in 2, "Front Panel controls" and 3, "Rear Panel connectors". When referring to a word or phrase which appears on the LCD display screen, the word or phrase will be written as follows: Move the cursor to Mem o1 . 1.4.2 Confidence replay Because the DA-98 can accept digital data and converts analog data with longer word lengths than it uses to record on tape (16-bit resolution), monitoring the input source during recording will not necessarily provide a completely accurate representation of what is recorded on tape. The DA-98 provides a dither setting (see 8.13.1, "Selecting dither settings") which provides improved total harmonic distortion figures. Since the dither is applied prior to recording, again, monitoring the input source will not allow you to hear the effect of the dithering process. Accordingly, the DA-98 provides a confidence mode, allowing you to monitor off-tape as record- Sometimes the tape counter is used to display a message. This will be shown as follows: The tape counter will show NOTE Recording is an art as well as a science. A successful recording is often judged primarily on the quality of sound as art, and we obviously cannot guarantee that. A company that makes paint and brushes for artists cannot say that the paintings made with their products will be critically well-received. TASCAM can make no guarantee that the DA-98 by itself will assure the quality of the recordings you make. Your skill as a technician and your abilities as an artist will be significant factors in the results you achieve. . 1-2 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Section 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 ing progresses. Since this monitoring is not synchronized exactly with the source inputs, gapless punch-in and punch-out is not possible in confidence mode. For full details of confidence monitoring, together with other monitoring modes available on the DA-98, see 7, "Monitoring modes". Optional rack mount adaptor handles (RM-98) are available. For details, see 15.1.1, "RM-98 Rack Mount Adaptor". The DA-98 should be mounted with the front panel vertical. 1.4.3 Environmental conditions The DA-98 can be operated in most environments, but we suggest that you keep the environmental conditions within the following limits: Ambient temperature between 5° and 35° C (41° and 95° F). Relative humidity should be between 30% and 80% non-condensing There should be no strong magnetic fields (speakers, etc.) near the DA-98. Avoid spraying polish, insecticides, etc. near the DA-98. WARNING If you need to clean the DA-98, use a soft cloth, moistened if necessary with a little detergent and water. Do not use abrasive cleaners or solvents such as alcohol or thinner. 1.4.5 Electrical considerations Make sure that your local power supply matches the voltage requirements marked on the rear panel of the DA-98. If you are in any doubt concerning the local power supply, consult an electrician. Avoid extreme voltage fluctuations. If necessary, use an input voltage regulator to smooth the power supplied to the DA-98. Do not open the unit to clean inside, or to perform any internal adjustments. You should not attempt any cleaning or other maintenance procedures which are not described in this manual. You may need to clean the heads occasionally. The procedure for doing this, and for checking tape error rates, etc., is given in 14, "Maintenance and memory setups". Avoid subjecting the DA-98 to jolts, sudden shocks, etc. WARNING If you have to return the unit for service or repair, use the original packing materials if possible. If the unit is to be transported to a recording location, etc., use a suitable transport case with sufficient shock protection. TASCAM does not accept responsibility for damage resulting from neglect or accident. 1.4.6 Condensation 1.4.4 Installing the DA-98 The DA-98 may be installed in a standard 19" rack, occupying 4U of space. Since the DA-98 is quite heavy (around 11kg ­ 24lb), your rack should be strong and stable to take the weight of the DA-98. If you use the DA-98 in a warm place after moving it from a cold place (for instance, recording on location), or if there has been a sudden change in temperature, condensation may occur within the tape mechanism, with a risk of possible damage to the unit. 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 1-3 Section 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 If condensation does occur, you will not be able to operate the DA-98 controls, and you will see the following message on the display: WARNING ! Condensation on drum If you see the above message, press the ESCAPE key to remove the message, leave the DA-98 switched on for one or two hours, then switch it off and on again before starting recording. If you are going to use the DA-98 in a location where you think condensation is likely to occur, move the DA-98 into the warmer location about one or two hours before recording is due to start, and leave it switched on. Turn the DA-98 off and then on again before starting recording. CAM. It is possible that the characteristics and sensitivities of tapes may be changed by the manufacturers without notice. The brands and model numbers of tapes listed below may not always meet the specifications required by DTRS systems for optimum performance. TASCAM assumes no responsibility for problems resulting from changes made by a manufacturer to the materials or specifications of its tape products. The electrical characteristics of DTRS recorders are adjusted and set using Sony Hi8 tape parameters (MP and ME) prior to shipment. 1.5.1 Tape brands The following brands and models of tape can be used with the DA-98. As mentioned above, this list does not constitute any endorsement by TASCAM of these products, nor is it a guarantee that tapes bearing this brand and model name will continue to give optimum performance. Maker SONY 1.5 Recommended tapes The DA-98 is designed for use with Hi8 video cassettes. You cannot use any other kind of tape with the DA-98. There are two basic types of Hi8 tape: MP and ME. Each has its own particular characteristics and merits: · MP tapes are manufactured using a daubed magnetic particle deposit process and exhibit a level of performance which is more than acceptable. They have a durability which allows them to be used as work tapes in studio and post-production environments. ME tapes have their magnetic layer produced through a metal evaporation process. Generally speaking, though these tapes have a high performance level, they are not as robust as MP tapes (see above) and should be used for live recording and archival purposes, rather than as work tapes. MP DARS-MP P6-HMP P6-HMPX P5-HMP P5-HMPX ME E6-HME E5-HME E6-HMEAD E5-HMEAD E6-HMEX E5-HMEX AMPEX BASF TDK DA8 MP DA MP Hi8 MP Hi8 MP Position Hi8 ME Position Hi8 ME Pro · FUJI HI P6- DS N HI P5- DS N M221MP P6M221 MP P5- TASCAM does not endorse any specific tape or tape manufacturer. TASCAM has licensed the use of the DTRS logo ( TM) to tape manufacturers, provided their tape meets the specifications required by DTRS tape recorders. However, the use of the DTRS logo on the tape packaging does not imply any endorsement of the tape by TAS1-4 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 MAXELL P6- XR-M P5- XR E6- XD-MN E5- XD The electronics of DTRS recorders are designed to operate within specific parameters. The use of a tape with sensitivity higher or lower than that of Section 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 tapes for which the DTRS recorder was originally designed may cause an error in functionality or prevent the user from getting optimum performance from the tape. Always use the shortest possible tape for a given project. Do not attempt to use 150-minute or longer tapes in DTRS machines, as the machine will detect the thickness of tape and automatically eject any tape thinner than recommended. Never attempt to use a tape with the DA-98 that has previously been used in video equipment. WARNING You cannot cut and splice DTRS 8mm tapes for editing purposes. Using a spliced tape in the DA-98 will invariably result in serious damage to the heads, requiring replacement. All editing must be done digitally. 1.5.2 Available recording and playback time Depending on whether the tape has been purchased for use with an NTSC (P6/E6) or a PAL/ SECAM (P5/E5) television system, the same length of tape (as far as video length is concerned) will provide different times for audio work, as shown below, due to different frame rates between television systems. The indication P6/E6 or P5/E5 will be printed on the tape package: Time on tape label 20 30 45 60 90 120 P6/E6 (NTSC tape) 18 27 40 54 81 108 P5/E5 (PAL/ SECAM tape) 25 37 56 75 113 ­ 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 1-5 Section 1 ­ Introduction to the DA-98 1-6 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Section 2 ­ Front Panel controls 2 ­ Front Panel controls [1] Power switch Turns the power to the DA98 on and off. When the DA-98 is turned off, settings will be retained in memory (see 14.2, "Memory backup"). [3] Tape loading slot Only use Hi8 ME or MP tapes as specified on page 1-4. The DA-98 will automatically eject all other tapes. WARNING Do not use a tape which has been used for recording video. Always use either new tapes or tapes which have been used in a DTRS recorder. [2] Tape counter and status indicators The tape counter gives the time in hours, minutes, seconds and frames. The status indicators show the current status of various DA-98 functions. The legends of these indicators are abbreviated for reasons of space. Here is a list of their full meanings, together with the pages on which the functions are more fully described: Legend PB CONDITION ABS REC INHI [4] EJECT key Ejects any loaded cassette. A cassette can only be ejected when the transport is stopped. [5] Display screen This 20-character by 4-line LCD screen shows the menus and the parameters that can be set in the menus. Meaning Playback condition Absolute tape time is being used as the time reference Recording is inhibited (the cassette's write-protect tab is set) Timecode time is being used as the time reference Machine offset is in operation Shows that the DA-98 is in TRACK copy mode Shows pull up or down for drop-frame synchronization Lights when the DA-98 is reading timecode from the tape Lights when the internal timecode generator is generating Lights when one or more of the tracks is delayed Lights when the DA-98's vari speed function is enabled Shows that the shuttle mute function is in operation Lights when the DA-98 is receiving external timecode Page 14-1 10-1 6-2 [6] FORMAT/Fs indicators and switch The FORMAT indicator shows that a tape is being formatted. The 44.1KHz and 48KHz indicators show the sampling frequency currently in use. The FORMAT/Fs switch controls the formatting of tapes and allows selection of the sampling frequency used for recording (see 6.1, "Formatting a tape" for full details). TC OFFSET TRACK COPY PULL UP/DN TAPE TC 10-1 9-2 8-9 10-4 10-2 [7] REF LEVEL (reference level indicators) These LEDs are used to indicate three standard reference levels: ­16dBFS, ­18dBFS and ­20dBFS. For full details of this, see 8.7, "Reference levels". TC GEN 10-6 DELAY VARI SPEED 8-4 8-5 [8] Peak meters These 15-segment peak meters show the input level or the recorded signal level, depending on the monitoring mode currently in operation (see 7, "Monitoring modes"). NOTE When using digital recording equipment, there is no headroom above the 0dB mark and no tape saturation is possible. Any signal which causes the "OVER" segment to light will cause audible distortion. For this reason you should take care not to let recording levels exceed this level. 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 2-1 SHTL MUTE EXT TC 8-6 10-2 Section 2 ­ Front Panel controls The ballistics and peak hold times are selectable (see 8.8, "Meter modes"). function keys are used as number keys, this key is used as a "sign-change" key. [9] RHSL (F 1) key and indicator This key and indicator allow selection of the rehearsal mode in auto punch-in and out (see 6.6, "Punch-in and punch-out"). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. [15] DIGITAL IN switch and indicator This switch controls the input to the DA-98. When on (indicator lights), the input is through the DIGITAL I/O (TDIF-1) connector on the rear panel, otherwise it is through the ANALOG INPUT connector. [16] CHASE switch and indicator [10] AUTO PUNCH (F 2) key and indicator This key and indicator allow automatic punch-in and punch out following rehearsal (see 6.6, "Punch-in and punch-out"). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. The CHASE switch controls whether the DA-98's transport is to "chase" a master machine (indicator is lit when chasing or flashing when preparing to chase) or to operate independently. The chase mode may be either timecode or ABS based (see 10.1, "ABS and SMPTE/EBU timecode"). [17] CONFIDENCE MODE switch and indicator [11] CLEAR (F 3) key This key defeats the rehearsal and auto modes during auto punch-in and out (see 6.6, "Punch-in and punch-out"). It is also used to cancel a format operation (see 6.1, "Formatting a tape"). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. The DA-98 features a confidence replay mode which allows off-tape monitoring. This switch and its associated indicator allow selection and viewing of the status of this monitoring mode. For a full explanation of confidence monitoring, see 7.2, "Confidence mode". [18] ALL INPUT (F 6) key and indicator [12] AUTO PLAY (F 4) key and indicator When this key is pressed (the indicator will light), the DA-98 will automatically start playing as soon as a preset location point has been reached (see 8.2.4, "Location and playback"). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. When this key is pressed, the indicator will light, and, regardless of the transport mode, all outputs will be switched to the signals derived from the inputs. This is primarily for alignment purposes, and is equivalent to pressing all the INPUT MONITOR switches ([29]) together. For a full treatment of monitoring modes on the DA-98, see 7, "Monitoring modes" When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. [13] MEMO 1 (F 5) When pressed, this key stores the current tape position into a memory location point which can be accessed using the LOC 1 key [22]. The location can be "nudged" using the menu functions (see 8.1.2, "Checking, editing and manually entering MEMO 1 and MEMO 2"). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. [19] AUTO MON (F 7) key and indicator When this key is pressed (the indicator will light), the monitoring system of the DA-98 automatically changes between input and off-tape monitoring, depending on the transport mode. For a full treatment of monitoring modes on the DA-98, see 7, "Monitoring modes" When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. [14] MEMO 2 (+/­) When pressed, this key stores the current tape position into a memory location point which can be accessed using the LOC 2 key [23]. When the 2-2 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Section 2 ­ Front Panel controls [20] SHTL MON (F 8) key and indicator When this key is pressed, shuttle monitoring is enabled (see 7.1.3, "Shuttle monitoring"). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. forward cueing and turning it to the left provides reverse cueing, similar to "rock and roll" on openreel tape decks. For details, see 8.6, "Shuttle operations". [21] REPEAT (F 9) key and indicator [27] ENTER and ESCAPE keys When this key is pressed, playback is repeated between the two memory locations set by [13] and [14] (see 8.2.5, "Repeat function" for details). When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. These keys are used in conjunction with the cursor keys [25] to go "up and down" the menu hierarchy. See page 5-1 for details of how to use these keys in menu operations. [22] LOC 1 (F 10) key [28] This key locates the tape to the position set by MEMO 1 [13]. When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key becomes a function key. REC FUNCTION switches and indicators These eight switches and indicators allow the setting and viewing of the record status on a trackby-track basis. When one of these switches is pressed, the appropriate indicator will flash, the track is "armed", and going into record mode will start recording on that track. When recording is being carried out on a track, the track's indicator will light steadily. [23] LOC 2 (PRESET) key This key locates the tape to the position set by MEMO 2 [14]. When the SHIFT key [24] is pressed, this key allows the assignment of the function keys ([9] through [13], and [18] through [22]) (see 5.3, "Assigning menus to function keys"). [29] INPUT MONITOR switches and indicators [24] SHIFT key and indicator When this latching key is pressed (the indicator will flash), keys [9] through [13] and [18] through [22] become function keys, and key [23] takes on a new function as a PRESET key (see 5.3, "Assigning menus to function keys"). These switches allow the monitoring of inputs to tracks on a track-by-track basis, irrespective of the current transport status. The appropriate indicator(s) will light when monitoring track input(s) using these switches. Note that the function of these switches is connected with the ALL INPUT key [18] (page 7-1). [25] CURSOR keys These keys are used to navigate the cursor through the menus controlling the DA-98 functions. When a menu has been selected, the UP and DOWN keys ( and ) are used to set the values or select the choices within the menu). See page 5-1 for details of how to use these keys in menu operations. [30] CLOCK switch and indicators This switch and these indicators allow you to set and view the system clock. There are three options: Setting INT WORD VIDEO Meaning The DA-98 will provide its own clock reference The clock will be synchronized to the signal received at the WORD SYNC IN connector The clock will be synchronized to the signal received at the VIDEO IN connector [26] SHUTTLE switch, indicator and control When the SHUTTLE key is pressed, the indicator will light. The SHUTTLE control will then be active. Turning the control to the right privides For full details of external synchronization, see 10, "Operations related to timecode". 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 2-3 Section 2 ­ Front Panel controls [31] TC REC switch and indicator This switch is used when you wish to record timecode (either internally generated or from an external source) on a dedicated subcode track of the DA-98. No audio track is needed to record timecode. For full details of timecode operation, see 10, "Operations related to timecode". NOTE It is not necessary to use timecode if two DTRS units (e.g. DA-88, DA-38 or DA-98 machines) are to be operated together. The SYNC connections will ensure synchronization between machines (see 9.2, "Machine ID and master/slave settings").. If the DA-98 is in play mode, and the REC key is pressed, recording will start immediately on any "armed" tracks. The RECORD key also is used to set punch-in points during auto punch-in/out operations (see 6.6, "Punch-in and punch-out"). [32] REW key Rewinds the tape at high speed. If this key is pressed during recording, recording will stop and the tape will rewind. [33] F FWD key Winds the tape forward at high speed. If this key is pressed during recording, recording will stop and the tape will wind forward. NOTE When either REW or F FWD is pressed for the first time after powering up, or loading a tape, the unit first configures itself for the reel hub diameter of the tape in use, during which the tape advances at low speeds. This takes several seconds. Thereafter, the transport momentarily goes into stop mode before the tape starts fast-winding. [34] STOP key Cancels any current tape transport mode, and stops the tape. [35] PLAY key Starts playing the tape. If this key pressed while recording is in progress, the DA-98 drops out of record mode. [36] RECORD key If the PLAY key ([35]) is pressed while the RECORD key is held down, recording will start on all "armed" tracks (see 6.3, "Preparing to record"). 2-4 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Section 3 ­ Rear Panel connectors 3 ­ Rear Panel connectors This section provides a brief description of the functions of the connectors on the rear panel. For full details of cables to be used, pinouts, etc., see 4, "Connections". [43] REMOTE IN/SYNC IN This connector is used to connect another "master" DTRS unit (e.g. DA-98, DA-88 or DA-38). See 9, "Synchronization with other DTRS units" for further details. An RC-848 remote control unit may also be connected here, but not all functions of the DA-98 are available from the remote contol unit. [37] TIME CODE (IN and OUT) This pair of XLR connectors (female for IN and male for OUT) provides the timecode connections for the synchronization functions of the DA-98. See 10, "Operations related to timecode" for full details. [44] SYNC OUT This is used to connect another DTRS unit in the "daisy-chain" or, if this DA-98 is the last unit in the chain, to attach a termination plug. [38] VIDEO (IN/THRU) [45] TDIF-1 (DIGITAL I/O) The VIDEO BNC connectors are used to carry video frame sync signals when the DA-98 is used with video equipment. The self-terminating THRU connector echoes messages received at the IN. See 10.6, "Video resolution" and 11.1.1, "Video clocking" for details of video sync operation. This connector carries the digital signals to and from the DA-98 in TEAC Digital Interface Format (TDIF-1). [46] METER UNIT (MU-8824) This connector carries power and signals to drive 8 channels of the optional MU-8824 24-channel Meter Unit. Make the connection using a TASCAM PW-88M cable. [39] WORD SYNC (IN/OUT/THRU) These BNC connectors are used to carry the word clock between the DA-98 and other types of digital audio equipment. The THRU connector is selfterminating. See 8.10, "Digital recording" for full details. [47] ANALOG INPUT [40] RS-422 This connector is used for controlling the DA-98 using controllers or editors which conform to the Sony P2 protocol (RS-422). See 11.1, "Use with 9-pin external control" for full details of how to use this connector. This connector carries 8 balanced inputs at a nominal +4dBu level. This allows convenient and reliable single-cable connection to the GROUP outputs of a suitably-equipped console such as the TASCAM M-1600 series. [48] ANALOG OUTPUT [41] MIDI IN/OUT/THRU These connectors carry MIDI Time Code (MTC) and MMC (MIDI Machine Control) commands. See 11.3, "MIDI Machine Control" for details of how these facilities are used when synchronizing to other units. This connector carries 8 balanced outputs at a nominal +4dBu level. This allows convenient and reliable single-cable connection to the tape return inputs of a suitably-equipped console such as the TASCAM M-1600 series. [49] ~ IN [42] CONTROL I/O Use the provided AC power cord to connect the DA-98 to the AC power supply through this connector. This connector is used for control of the DA-98 by external equipment. Consult your TASCAM dealer for full details of compatibility and the use of this connnector. The pinout for this connector is given in 15.1.6, "CONTROL I/O connector pinout". 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 3-1 Section 3 ­ Rear Panel connectors 3-2 ­ 1.00 ­ 06/97 Section 4 ­ Connections 4 ­ Connections This section explains how to connect other equipment to the DA-98 in a variety of situations. It is not intended as a complete reference to the use of the DA-98. See the appropriate sections for full details of how these connectors are used. The pinouts for both the ANALOG OUTPUT and INPUT connectors are as follows: where G=ground, H="hot" (+) and C="cold" (­). WARNINGS · When making connections between the DA-98 and other equipment, whether audio or control, both the DA98 and the other equipment must be turned off, otherwise damage may be caused to the DA-98 and/or the other equipment. Only use TASCAM-supplied and TASCAM-approved cables when making connections to the DA-98. Though the cables and connectors may resemble computer cables, they serve different purposes, and meet a different set of specifications. The use of cables other than TASCAM cables will at best cause the equipment to work erratically, and at worst cause damage to the equipment. If the use of cables other than TASCAM cables causes or results in damage, the warranty is voided. All audio inputs are balanced and are rated at a nominal +4dBu level. The impedance of the inputs is 20k and that of the outputs is 10. · 4.1.2 Digital audio connections Digital audio input and output signals are carried on the same 25-pin D-sub connector [45]. The signals are in TDIF-1 format. To carry signals between a DA-98 and another DTRS unit, use a PW-88D cable (1 meter long) or a PW-88DL cable (5 meters long). You may also use these cables to connect the DA-98 to other TDIF-1-equipped devices. If you need to connect the DA-98 to a digital audio source using a different format, we recommend the use of the following units: · TASCAM IF-88AE Interface Unit ­ converts between the TDIF-1 and AES/EBU formats (8 channels). It also provides S-PDIF format conversion facilities. TASCAM IF-88SD Interface Unit ­ converts between the TDIF-1 and SDIF-2 digital audio formats. · 4.1 Audio connections Other audio equipment can be connected to the DA-98 either using analog or digital interfaces. 4.1.1 Analog audio connections All analog audio connections to the DA-98 are made through 25-pin D-sub connectors (input signals through [47] and output signals through [48]). This allows convenient and tidy cabling between the DA-98 and other units such as the TASCAM M-1600 series of mixing consoles. It is not recommended that you make up your own cables­consult your TASCAM dealer for availability of suitable ready-made cables (and see 15.1.5, "Cables"). However,we recognize that every situation has its own unique features, and there are occasions when a special cable must be made. Before starting to make the cable, we suggest you contact your TASCAM dealer for full details of cable specifications, etc. · 4.2 Synchronization connections The DA-98 is equipped with sophisticated facilities for control and synchronization with other units. For full details of how to operate the DA-98 with other units, see 10, "Operations related to timecode". 4.2.1 Analog timecode connections The DA-98 can be synchronized to externallygenerated timecode and is also equipped with an internal timecode generator. For full details of 06/97 ­ 1.00 ­ 4-1