User manual TEKTRONIX RFM210

User Manual RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver 071-1098-00 This document applies to firmware version FW0722 Rev04 and above. Warning The servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid personal injury, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so. Refer to all safety summaries prior to performing service. www.tektronix.com Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If a product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product. In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify Tektronix of the defect before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance of service. Customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the defective product to the service center designated by Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations. This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care. Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Tektronix representatives to install, repair or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to incompatible equipment; c) to repair any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-Tektronix supplies; or d) to service a product that has been modified or integrated with other products when the effect of such modification or integration increases the time or difficulty of servicing the product. THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY TEKTRONIX IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. TEKTRONIX' RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. TEKTRONIX AND ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER TEKTRONIX OR THE VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Table of Contents List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v vi vii ix Contacting Tektronix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii General Information General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front Panel Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1- 1 1- 1 1- 3 1- 3 - Installation Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking the Environment Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Powering On the RFM210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2- 1 2- 2 - Introduction DVB-T Transmission Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the RFM210 in the Measurement and Monitoring of DVB-T Transmissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application A - Direct Measurement and Monitoring of Transmitters for Performance and Fault Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application B - Provision of Standby Transport Stream (TS) at Transmitter Site Through the Reception of Secondary Transmitted DVB-T Service . . . . . . Application C - Reception Field Trials for the Collating of Measurement and Coverage Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application Solutions for the RFM210 in Off-air Measurement and Monitoring 3-1 3-3 3- 3 - 3-5 3- 5 3- 5 3- 6 3- 7 3- 8 - RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual i Table of Contents Measurement COFDM IQ Signal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modulation Error Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal to Noise Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Target Error (Mean and Deviation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amplitude Imbalance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quadrature Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carrier Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phase Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre-Viterbi Bit Error Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Post-Viterbi Bit Error Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UCE Error Rate (Post Reed Solomon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncorrectable Errors (UCE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote BER logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4- 1 4- 1 4- 2 4- 2 4- 2 4- 2 4- 2 4- 3 4- 3 4- 3 4- 3 4- 3 - Bit Error Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Operation Initial Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menu Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DVB Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Input/Output Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitoring Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alarm Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DSP Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fault History Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Status Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output to VGA Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5- 1 5- 1 5- 2 5- 2 5- 2 5- 3 5- 3 5- 3 5- 4 5- 4 5- 4 5- 5 - Main Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to Security Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure to Lock or Unlock the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5- 9 5- 10 - 5-7 5-9 DVB Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to DVB Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to System Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 5- 13 - 5-17 5- 17 - Input/Output Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitoring Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to Input/Output Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to Monitoring Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 5- 21 - 5-25 5- 31 5- 33 5- 35 - 5- 25 - Alarm Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DSP Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to Alarm Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up Relays, Open Collector Alarms and Logging Parameters . . . . . . . . Main Screen to DSP Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31 5-35 ii RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Table of Contents System Status Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Screen to System Status Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-39 5- 39 - Constellation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channel State Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calibration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing on a VGA Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing on an Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing on VGA Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing on an Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43 5- 43 5- 44 - 5-45 5- 45 5- 45 - Enabling Calibration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting the END Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47 5-49 5-51 5- 51 5- 51 - Specifications Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baseband . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A- D Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hierarchical Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transport Stream (TS) Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forward Error Correction (FEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Channel Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measurement Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote Control RS232 Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethernet Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6- 9 6- 9 6- 9 6- 9 6- 10 6- 10 6- 10 6- 10 6- 10 6- 10 6- 11 6- 11 6- 11 6- 11 - 6-1 Certifications and Compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13 Appendices Appendix A: RFM210 Functional Check Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix B: RS232 Remote Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part A ­ Local Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part B ­ Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command String Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply String Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checksum Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bypassing Checksum Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Command Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 A- 1 A- 4 - B-1 B- 1 B- 5 B- 6 B- 7 B- 7 B- 8 - RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual iii Table of Contents Operator Command Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply data fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B- 9 B- 9 B- 9 B- 9 B- 9 - Appendix C: Ethernet Setup and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Application Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing the IP Address with the Application Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upgrading Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 C- 1 C- 3 C- 4 C- 5 - Appendix D: RFM210 MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RFM210 MIB Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 D- 1 - Appendix E: Channel Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix F: Firmware Upgrade Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote Download of Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure to download firmware update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote Control of DVB- T receiver in Download Mode via RS232 connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command String Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reply String Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checksum Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1 F-1 F- 1 F- 1 - F- 2 F- 2 F- 2 F- 4 F- 5 - Appendix G: Cleaning and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleaning the Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repacking for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replacement Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1 G- 1 G- 1 G- 2 G- 2 G- 2 - Appendix H: DIP Switch Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIP Switch Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How to Change DIP Switch Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H-1 H- 1 H- 2 - iv RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1- RFM210 DVB- Measurement Receiver front panel -1: -T display, controls and indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1- RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver rear panel -2: connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5- Example of output to VGA monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Figure 5- Example of output to VGA monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2: Figure A- Example of output to VGA monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Figure B- Location of RS232 serial port on rear panel . . . . . . . . . -1: Figure C- Ethernet Port Pin Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Figure C- Test Port Pin Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2: Figure H- Location of SW1 and SW2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: 1-1 1-3 5-5 5-43 A-3 B-1 C-1 C-2 H-3 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual v Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1- Front-panel LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Table 1- Instrument Bandwidth/Attenuation Options . . . . . . . . . -2: Table 1- Power Cords Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3: Table 6- RFM210 Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Table 6- Connectors Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2: Table 6- Certifications and compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3: Table C- Primary Ethernet Port Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Table C- Test Port Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2: Table D- RFM210 Information group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Table D- RFM210 Measurement group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2: Table D- RFM210 DVB Settings group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3: Table D- RFM210 DSP Settings group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4: Table D- RFM210 Device Settings group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5: Table D- RFM210 Presets group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6: Table D- RFM210 Status group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7: Table H- SW1 Switch Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1: Table H- SW2 Switch Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2: 1-2 1-3 1-4 6-1 6-4 6-13 C-2 C-2 D-2 D-4 D-7 D-9 D-11 D-13 D-15 H-1 H-2 vi RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified for the country of use. Ground the Product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded. Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product. Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal. Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed. Use Proper Fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product. Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present. Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel. Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry. Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual's installation instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation. Symbols and Terms Terms in this Manual. These terms may appear in this manual: WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual vii General Safety Summary CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property. Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product: DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking. WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking. CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product. Symbols on the Product. The following symbols may appear on the product: CAUTION Refer to Manual WARNING High Voltage Protective Ground (Earth) Terminal viii RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Service Safety Summary Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. Read this Service Safety Summary and the General Safety Summary before performing any service procedures. Do Not Service Alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this product unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present. Disconnect Power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the instrument power, then disconnect the power cord from the mains power. Use Care When Servicing With Power On. Dangerous voltages or currents may exist in this product. Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and disconnect test leads before removing protective panels, soldering, or replacing components. To avoid electric shock, do not touch exposed connections. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual ix Service Safety Summary x RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Preface This manual describes the functions and use of the Tektronix RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver. The manual is organized into the following sections: H General Information. This section provides a product description, identifies front panel controls, rear panel connectors and instrument options. H Installation. This section describes how to install the RFM210. H Introduction. This section provides a functional description of the RFM210, DVB-T transmission principles and a number of application notes. H Measurement. This section explains COFDM signal analysis and BER (Bit Error Ratio). H Operation. This section describes how to set up the RFM210, the menu structure and how to set menu selections. H Specifications. This section lists the electrical, physical, and environmental specifications for your instrument. This section also describes the safety and EMC standards with which the RFM210 complies. H Appendices. This section is comprised of the following appendices: H H Appendix A: RFM210 Functional Check Procedure. This appendix provides a brief procedure to check if the RFM210 is operating properly. Appendix B: RS232 Remote Control. This appendix provides serial interface requirements and commands for controlling the RFM210 over the RS232 serial interface. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual xi Preface H H Appendix C: Ethernet Setup and Operation. This appendix describes how to connect and setup the ethernet connection on the RFM210. Appendix D: RFM210 MIB. This appendix describes the MIB (Management Interface Base) for interacting with the RFM210 over a TCP/IP network. Appendix E: Channel Tables. This appendix describes the instrument Channel Table. Appendix F: Firmware Upgrade Procedure. This appendix describes how to perform a firmware upgrade procedure. Appendix G: Cleaning and Maintenance. This appendix describes how to perform periodic user maintenance. This section does not include repair or replacement procedures. Appendix H: DIP Switch Settings. This appendix describes the instrument DIP switch settings. H H H H xii RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Preface Contacting Tektronix Phone Address 1-800-833-9200* Tektronix, Inc. Department or name (if known) 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA www.tektronix.com 1-800-833-9200, select option 1* 1-800-833-9200, select option 2* Email: techsupport@tektronix.com 1-800-833-9200, select option 3* 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Pacific time * This phone number is toll free in North America. After office hours, please leave a voice mail message. Outside North America, contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor; see the Tektronix web site for a list of offices. Web site Sales support Service support Technical support RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual xiii Preface xiv RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual General Information General Information Product Description The RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver operates in accordance with the ETSI EN 300 744 standard. The RFM210 provides both 2K and 8K carrier mode options, and supports all DVB modulation options, guard intervals and FEC rates. Different versions support VHF, UHF, and for 6/7/8 MHz bandwidths. The RFM210 accepts a standard RF or baseband input and demodulates the COFDM signal to give both SPI and ASI MPEG transport streams. BNC connectors on the rear of the unit enable display of constellation and channel state diagrams on a standard oscilloscope. A range of status and alarm outputs are also available. A built-in Digital Signal Processor enables real-time monitoring and measurement of the baseband modulating signals (I, Q) in accordance with TR 101 290, including Modulation Error Ratio (MER) measurement. The RFM210 can be controlled from the front panel or from a PC using the rear panel RS232 port. Selected parameters can be monitored and controlled via the Ethernet port using Tektronix Network Monitoring software or other compatible SNMP supervisory system. Front Panel Controls and Indicators Display Menu Navigation Micro Processor Indicator buttons Escape Temperature Indicator Enter Alarm Indicator Power Indicator Power Supply Indicator Figure 1- 1: RFM210 DVB- T Measurement Receiver front panel display, controls and indicators Display The LCD display presents menus and measurement readouts. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 1- 1 General Information Escape Enter Menu Navigation Buttons Used to move up a level within the menus. Used to select choices within menus. Used to change levels and select options within menus. The following table describes the function of the front-panel LED indicators. Table 1- 1: Front-panel LED indicators Indicator Temperature Meaning when lit The RFM210 internal temperature exceeds normal parameters. Ensure that proper clearance around the unit is provided for cooling. If LED remains lit with proper clearance, contact your local Tektronix Service representative. A micro processor fault has occurred. Contact your local Tektronix Service representative. A power supply fault has occurred. Contact your local Tektronix Service representative. An Alarm condition has occured. See Alarm Setup Menu on page 5-- 31 for more information on alarms. Power is applied to the RFM210 Micro Processor Power Supply Alarm Power 1- 2 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual General Information Rear Panel Connectors Ground Alarm Port 1 Alarm Port 2 Test Secondary (not used) Primary (Ethernet) DVB-- SP HP OUT DVB-- SPI LP (HP) OUT RF In Power Serial Port VGA X/TRIG Z Y/W DVB-- ASI OUT HP Gain Adjust DVB-- ASI OUT LP (HP) Gain Adjust Baseband Input Baseband Output Figure 1- 2: RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver rear panel connectors Descriptions of the rear panel connectors are located in Table 6- on page 6-2 -4. Options Table 1- describes the configuration options available for the RFM210. -2 Table 1- 2: Instrument bandwidth/attenuation options Option B6 B7 B8 TN Description 6 MHz bandwidth 7 MHz bandwidth 8 MHz bandwidth No attenuator Default channel table USA008 AUS013 UK010 n/a Alternate channel tables can be loade provided they are for the same bandwidth. See Appendix E, Channel Tables for more information. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 1- 3 General Information Table 1- describes the power cord options available for the RFM210. The -3 standard power cord is a Universal European plug configuration Table 1- 3: Power cords available Plug configuration Normal usage North America 125 V/15 A Plug NEMA 5-15P Option number A0 Europe 230 V Standard United Kingdom 230 V A2 Australia 230 V A3 Switzerland 230 V A5 No power cord supplied A99 1- 4 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Installation Installation This chapter covers installation of the RFM210. Checking the Environment Requirements Read this section before attempting any installation procedures. This section describes site considerations, power requirements, and ground connections for your RFM210. Site Considerations The RFM210 requires no assembly and is designed to operate in standard 19-inch instrumentation rack. Always allow approximately 100 mm (4 inches) of rear panel clearance for cable and power cord connections. Ensure that ventilation slots on the sides on the product are not obstructed and provide a free airflow path. CAUTION. Keep the sides of the RFM210 clear of obstructions to ensure proper cooling. Operating Requirements The specifications in Technical Specifications, on page 6- list the operating -1, requirements for the RFM210. Power source, temperature, humidity, and altitude are listed. The unit is designed to operate from a single-phase power source having one of its current-carrying conductors at or near earth ground (the neutral conductor). Only the line conductor is fused for over-current protection. Systems that have both current-carrying conductors live with respect to ground (such as phase-to-phase on multiphase systems) must not be used as power sources. A protective ground connection by way of the grounding conductor in the power cord is essential for safe operation. The mains outlets intended to supply the unit, should either be close to the unit and easily accessible to the user or the unit mains inlet should be easily accessible in the final installation. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 2- 1 Installation Powering On the RFM210 Perform the following step to power on the RFM210. H Connect the power cord to the RFM210 and to the mains supply. The RFM210 does not have a power switch. It will power up as soon as it is connected to the mains supply. The RFM210 connects the chassis to the power cord safety ground. The chassis is not designed to be "floated". A rear-panel chassis ground screw is fitted, to bond the product to a functional system ground if desired. This can be used to improve chassis ground connections to other equipment. 2- 2 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Introduction DVB-T Transmission Principles Transport Stream COFDM Modulator Baseband COFDM Signal Up Converter High Power Amplifier Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) is based on phase / amplitude modulation using SINE / COSINE (Orthogonal) centered carrier. The SINE / COSINE components are referred to as I / Q, (real / imaginary). This system is an adaptation of I / Q data modulation. Encoded onto the I / Q data are two sets of complex waveforms containing 1705 carriers in 2K IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) mode and 6819 carriers in 8k IFFT mode. The amplitude and phase of all the carriers can be modulated. In the 2K IFFT, there are 2048 I samples and 2048 Q samples sequentially modulated on to a center carrier. This is referred to as a SYMBOL. The 2048 I / Q samples are totally isolated (ORTHOGONAL) from each other, because of the SINE / COSINE modulation. (In 2K mode, there are theoretically 2048 carriers available, however, in practice only 1705 carriers are used.) An Inverse fast Fourier transform is calculated on both I and Q separately, providing 1705 separately generated carriers throughout the 2048 symbol period. Each modulated I / Q carrier is described as a CONSTELLATION. (Thus, using a 2048 I / Q sample system, 1705 different constellations conveying phase & amplitude data can be modulated.) The data encoded onto the carriers is randomized and spread throughout the frequency spectrum. In addition to this FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION data is added to correct for data corruption. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 3- 1 DVB-T Transmission Principles 3- 2 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver The RFM210 fulfills a variety of roles for professional users in transmitter performance monitoring or off-air signal monitoring of DVB-T services. It has application in transmitter monitoring, field surveys, digital communications, network performance monitoring, and as a general high quality off-air source of MPEG transport streams (TS). The RFM210 features include comprehensive TR 101 290 (formerly ETR290) measurement, Constellation and Channel State display outputs and associated Alarm outputs. The receiver operates in accordance with ETSI EN 300 744. It provides both 2K and 8K carrier options, supports all DVB-T modulation options, including the hierarchical modes, and all guard interval options and FEC rates. Functional Block Diagram Down Converter Baseband Modulated I, Q Signal ADC COFDM Demodulator Reed Solomon Decoder Descrambler Digital Signal Processor Microprocessor Control The receiver accepts a UHF, VHF or external baseband input and demodulates the COFDM signal to give an MPEG2 transport stream(s) output. The receiver operates as a stand-alone system containing an embedded controller and DSP (Digital Signal Processor), Alphanumeric display and keypad. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 3- 3 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver 3- 4 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Application Examples Using the RFM210 in the Measurement and Monitoring of DVB-T Transmissions This information provides a brief operational overview of the RFM210 Receiver for three typical applications. Should you need advice for your DVB-T Measurement or Monitoring application please contact your local Tektronix representative. Application A - Direct Measurement and Monitoring of Transmitters for Performance and Fault Diagnosis Antenna RFM210 Transmitter To operate in this way a transducer fitted to the wave-guide provides a small RF signal direct to the unit. (This signal level is required to match the specified input level). The RFM210 constantly monitors the performance of the transmission chain in line with ETSI TR 101 290, and reports errors through the comprehensive Alarm handling facilities and Windows support software. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 3- 5 Application Examples Application B - Provision of Standby Transport Stream (TS) at Transmitter Site Through the Reception of Secondary Transmitted DVB-T Service CH Pass Filter Antenna RFM210 Remote Transmitter TS A/B Switch Local Transmitter For the RFM210 to operate correctly, we need to consider two points. One is the presence and magnitude of other carriers in the VHF/UHF spectrum, and the second is the signal input level. It is assumed that for this application the primary function is the reliability of the standby path. We recommend the receiving antenna be a high-gain directional design suitable to provide the standby receiver with sufficient input level even if the transmitted signal is low power for any reason, for example, maintenance. Consideration must be given to the operational measurement window of the receiver in acquiring reliable MER results. Next, we need to consider other carriers that could cause a disruption to the receiver. The simplest way to ensure that the RFM210 responds only to the required channel is to insert a channel pass filter at the RF input. Be sure to use a quality filter, as a poor filter at this point can affect the measurement performance of the receiver. 3- 6 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Application Examples Application C - Reception Field Trials for the Collating of Measurement and Coverage Data Antenna CH Pass Filter RFM210 Transmitter The following paragraphs detail the considerations and approach to off-air measurement and monitoring when using the RFM210 Receiver. There are two important issues to consider in the acquisition of coverage data: 1. The application requires the measurement functions of the RFM210 and therefore it requires sufficient input signal level in order to ensure that the measurements are completed within the required `window' of the receiver. 2. As a receiver is moved around a country its tuner will see a dynamic change of RF carriers and strengths. In some localities and transmission networks this issue of interfering carriers is more pronounced than others. Both receivers in standard form have a wide band front end to the tuner. This means that there is a potential for the automatic gain control (AGC) on the tuner to be affected by the largest carrier that appears. This does not happen with transmitter monitoring i.e. Application A. This means that in the same way as in Application B, where we use channel pass filtering to provide a safer environment for receiving a standby signal, we need to do the same in this application to ensure the reliability and repeatability of measurement data. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 3- 7 Application Examples Application Solutions for the RFM210 in Off-air Measurement and Monitoring Solution 1 For the measurement and/or monitoring of one channel a single, quality, channel pass filter is suitable. This filter should be positioned in series with the antenna and any gain amplifier. Suppose, for example, we are required to monitor approximately five DVB-T Transmissions in a region. The best method is to use an RF amplifier driving the five channel pass filters followed by a combiner. In this way the selective filtering and the receiver may be moved to any area and once the input signal level is assured, measurements can be taken with a high degree of integrity. Solution 2 RFM210 3- 8 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Measurement COFDM IQ Signal Analysis The data transmitted using the COFDM modulation techniques are influenced by distortions, which can cause irreparable errors in the modulator or in the transmission link. Such errors are insufficient carrier suppression, phase and amplitude errors within the baseband signals or noise, echoes or reflections and multipath. In a real network, all of these effects coexist together, however, the dominant impairments, in a DVB system, are noise and reflections. Constellation diagrams allow baseband-modulating signals (I,Q) to be observed. These show I amplitude versus Q amplitude at the symbol decision thresholds. Normally a significant amount of symbols are used to produce such a diagram. Many effects can be observed in a constellation diagram, such as noise, interfering tone, IQ level imbalance, and others. The noise and phase jitter, for instance, can be clearly recognized on the constellation diagram but other interference contained in the signal can be only recognize after precise evaluation of the transmission parameters. That is the reason why several new measures have been introduced to quantify signal quality and they are described in the ETSI Technical Report TR 101 290. The RFM210 makes many of these measurements as part of its IQ analysis. These measurements are performed in 5 to 20 seconds, depending on the DVB-T parameters of the received signal. The measurements calculated by the DSP are described in the following paragraphs. Modulation Error Ratio The Modulation Error Ratio (MER) provides a single "figure of merit" analysis. MER can be thought of as baseband SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) in analog TV systems. MER includes all type of signal impairment (not just noise), such as, the effects of noise, carrier leakage, and IQ level and quadrature imbalance. The MER is expressed as an average value in dB and percentage, and a peak value in dB. Signal to Noise Ratio When the only error in the channel is noise, the ideal signal positions are expanded to circular clouds. The difference between SNR and MER lies in which perturbations of the received signal are included in the computation, so when the only significant impairment is noise, SNR and MER are equivalent. SNR does not account for modulation problems such as non-linearity, group delay and flatness variation, filter mismatch and ingress. The unit of SNR is in dB. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 4- 1 COFDM IQ Signal Analysis System Target Error (Mean and Deviation) The displacement of the centers of the clouds in a constellation diagram from their ideal symbol point reduces the noise immunity of the system and indicates the presence of special kinds of distortions such as Amplitude Imbalance and Quadrature Error. STE gives a global indication about the overall distortion present on the raw data received by the system. System Target Error is a unitless measure. In the constellation diagram, an amplitude inequality is expressed as the expansion of a signal component and compression of the other signal component. The Amplitude Imbalance separates the distortions of the I and Q signal in amplitude from all other kind of distortions. The unit of Amplitude Imbalance is in percentage (%). The phase error is the phase angle between the cosine and sine components of the carrier at 90_ in the modulator. If the two carriers that modulate the I and Q signals are not orthogonal, a Quadrature error results. The unit of Quadrature Error is in degrees (_). The received channel should be flat across the band. For a 2K system, TPS (Transmission Parameter Signalling) carriers are sent at the edge of band where a transmitters output filter is not optimal. For an 8K system, it is important that carrier suppression is good at the center carrier, which is where the TPS carriers are sent. A residual carrier is an unwanted coherent signal added to the center carrier of the COFDM signal. It can be thought of as a special form of interference having a frequency in the RF channel corresponding exactly to the carrier frequency. It could be produced by DC offset voltages of the modulating I and/or Q signal or by crosstalk from the modulating carrier within the modulator. Amplitude Imbalance Quadrature Error Carrier Suppression Phase Jitter The Phase Jitter of an oscillator is due to fluctuations of its phase or frequency. The phase jitter or phase noise is generated by converters in the transmission path or by the I/Q modulator. In contrast to phase errors, phase jitter acts simultaneously on the I and Q paths and its effect is that the carrier regeneration cannot follow the phase fluctuations. The Phase Jitter is in degrees (_). 4- 2 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Bit Error Measurement Pre-Viterbi Bit Error Ratio This is calculated from the number of bits corrected by the Viterbi decoder in each second. The methodology for calculation defines the maximum pre-Viterbi BER value as 1.67 × 10- 2, even though the real BER could be greater in value. This value is calculated from the number of bits corrected by the Reed-Solomon decoder in each second, and is the most commonly quoted BER figure. A BER as great as 2× 10- 4 will still give a good decoded picture, and this rate is known as the Quasi Error Free (QEF) point. This gives the number of uncorrectable Errors (UCE) currently being detected in each second. A poor RF channel results in too many errors for the Viterbi and Reed Solomon decoders to correct. If UCEs are present, the MPEG decoded pictures will become severely corrupted or completely lost. This provides an accumulated count of all the Un-correctable errors (UCE) since the error counter was last reset manually. The UCE count display within the Monitoring Menu provides a Date Time stamp at the point of the last count reset. The receiver can also provide BER data, via the Serial Port, for remote logging on a PC or terminal. The current values of pre and post Viterbi BER, and the UCE are available on demand. Post-Viterbi Bit Error Ratio UCE Error Rate (Post Reed Solomon) Uncorrectable Errors (UCE) Remote BER logging RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 4- 3 Bit Error Measurement 4- 4 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Operation Initial Set-up In general, the two front panel switches labelled with up and down arrows YB select the different screens, while the two front panel switches labelled with the left and right arrows A " allow the various options within the screen to be highlighted (where applicable). Having highlighted an option, it is then necessary to press the ENTER key to actually implement the selection. The ESCAPE key is used to go up a menu level or to cancel parameter level settings. Under some menu options, pressing ENTER allows setting of a parameter level. While setting levels, the user is unable to scroll through the menu options until level setting is complete by pressing ENTER (or ESCAPE to cancel). The following section will give details of each displayed screen and their meaning. Menu Operation The RFM210 receiver operates a number of Menu driven options. These are classified into seven Menu headings and provide access to the vast majority settings and control options of the unit. Main Screen On power-up the Main Screen displays the primary information of Channel selection, Carrier Level, and UCE Count. In addition, the primary TR 101 290 measurements of MER and SNR are displayed, and alternated with the BER measurement. The delay between display of MER/SNR and BER is 8 seconds. Pressing the left and right arrows A " at any time allow the alternative measurement to be displayed without waiting for the display timer. Normally when BER is displayed the pre-Viterbi BER measurement will be shown. If the signal quality degrades to such an extent that post-Viterbi BER is greater than zero it is the post_viterbi BER level that is displayed. If baseband input is selected, this is indicated on the main screen and the Channel selection and Carrier Level indications are removed. If the unit is not synchronized for any reason, this is indicated on the main screen and in this case the measurements are not displayed. You access the receiver's available menus from this screen with up and down arrows YB . RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 5- 1 Initial Set-up Security Menu Options available within the Security Menu allows you to: 1. Lock 2. Unlock The lock facility prevents an operator from changing DVB-T or System parameters while the unit is locked. In order to select or change settings within the following menus it is required to unlock the unit. The lock status is stored so that unlocking is not required every time the unit is powered up. DVB Options Menu Options available within the DVB Options menu are: 1. Select Channel 2. Modulation Options 3. FEC Settings 4. Hierarchical Mode 5. No of Carriers 6. Guard Interval 7. Select Programmed Channel System Options Menu Options available within the System Options Menu: 1. Phase Correction 2. Equalizer Window 3. COFDM Spectrum 4. Time Date Setting 5. Set LCD Contrast 6. Remote Comms Setting 7. IP Address 8. Program Channels 5- 2 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual Initial Set-up Input/Output Options Menu Options available within the Input/Output Options Menu: 1. Input Source 2. ASI Output Mode 3. Transport Stream Setting (188/204 bytes) 4. Monitor Output 5. Constellation Mode 6. Single Carrier Setting Monitoring Menu Options available within the Monitoring Menu: 1. I/Q Measurements* 2. Frequency Response Measurements 3. Pre/Post-Viterbi BER 4. Channel State Information (CSI) 5. Carrier Level** 6. Sync Lock Status 7. UCE, UCE Total Measurements 8. Fault History Select* 9. System Status Select* * Pressing ENTER in these menu options selects lower level menus as described below. ** Not displayed if set to Baseband Input Alarm Setup Menu Options within the Alarm Setup Menu: 1. Set Alarm Relays 1 and 2* 2. Set Open Collector Alarms 1 to 8* 3. Set Warning/Fault logs* *Pressing ENTER under any of these options allows detailed setup of the selected alarm. RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual 5- 3 Initial Set-up DSP Setup Menu Selected when ENTER is pressed under the measurement menu, IQ measurement option. Options within the DSP Setup Menu: 1. Low/High Carrier Setting 2. Symbols Setting 3. END Calibration Setup 4. Transmitter/Receiver Setting Fault History Menu Selected when ENTER is pressed under the measurement menu, Fault History option. Options within the Fault History Menu: 1. View Log 2. Clear Log System Status Menu Selected when ENTER is pressed under the measurement menu, System Status option. Options within the System Status Menu: 1. View Alarm Status 2. View Power Supply Status 3. View Internal Temperature 4. View Product Information 5- 4 RFM210 DVB-T Measurement Receiver User Manual