User manual WAVECOM W-BV BITVIEW - VERSION 2.200

BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV by WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG PUBLISHED BY WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG Hammerstrasse 8 CH-8180 Buelach Switzerland Phone Fax Email: Internet: +41-44-872 70 60 +41-44-872 70 66 info@wavecom.ch http://www.wavecom.ch © by WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form is prohibited without written consent of the copyright owner. The publication of information in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other protective rights of WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG or others. All brand names in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners. Specifications are subject to change without further notice Printed: Thursday, July 31, 2008, 16:15:46 Contents Introduction 1 General ......................................................................................................... 1 Training ........................................................................................................ 1 Source Code .................................................................................................... 1 Company Profile ............................................................................................... 1 Revisions ....................................................................................................... 2 Requirements................................................................................................... 2 Limitations ..................................................................................................... 2 Installation 2 W-BV Software Installation ................................................................................... 2 Paths ................................................................................................. 4 W-BV Hardware Installation .................................................................................. 5 W-BV Licensing .................................................................................... 5 Getting Started 7 Program Start .................................................................................................. 7 Menu 8 Bit Stream Processing ......................................................................................... 8 Analysis Sets ................................................................................................... 9 Reports ....................................................................................................... 10 Properties Window .......................................................................................... 11 History Explorer Window ................................................................................... 12 Toolbox....................................................................................................... 12 Preferences ................................................................................................... 12 Layout Settings .............................................................................................. 13 Function Library 17 Common Functions .......................................................................................... 17 Auto Calculation .................................................................................. 17 Enable/Disable of functions ...................................................................... 19 Source/Sink .................................................................................................. 19 Import Text Data.................................................................................. 19 Import Hex Data .................................................................................. 19 Import Binary Data ............................................................................... 20 Import IAS Bitstream ............................................................................. 20 Export Text Data.................................................................................. 20 Synchronization .............................................................................................. 20 Preamble .......................................................................................... 20 Binary Modulation ........................................................................................... 20 NRZ-I ............................................................................................. 20 NRZ-M ............................................................................................ 21 NRZ-S ............................................................................................. 21 Bi-Phase-L (Manchester) ......................................................................... 21 Bi-Phase-M ....................................................................................... 22 Bi-Phase-S ........................................................................................ 22 DBi-Phase-M ..................................................................................... 22 DBi-Phase-S ...................................................................................... 23 Bit Manipulation ............................................................................................. 23 Contents iii BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV De-Stuffing (HDLC) ............................................................................. 23 Mirroring .......................................................................................... 24 Rotation ........................................................................................... 24 Shift ............................................................................................... 24 Polarity ............................................................................................ 25 De-Interleave Bit Block .......................................................................... 25 De-Interleaving Stream ........................................................................... 26 AND / OR / XOR / NOT ......................................................................... 26 Extraction ......................................................................................... 27 Cutting............................................................................................. 27 Decoding/Equalizer .......................................................................................... 27 Viterbi-Decoding ................................................................................. 27 De-Puncturing .................................................................................... 28 Difference-Decoding ............................................................................. 29 BCH-Decoding ................................................................................... 29 CRC & Polynomial .......................................................................................... 29 CRC (1..32) ....................................................................................... 29 CRC-8 ............................................................................................. 30 CRC-10............................................................................................ 31 CRC-12............................................................................................ 31 CRC-16............................................................................................ 31 CRC-CCITT ...................................................................................... 32 CRC-32............................................................................................ 32 Unpacking/Decompress ..................................................................................... 33 Unzip .............................................................................................. 33 Channel Decoding (Protocol) ............................................................................... 33 ARQ-E ............................................................................................ 33 SITOR ............................................................................................. 34 FEC-A ............................................................................................. 34 BAUER ........................................................................................... 34 HNG-FEC ......................................................................................... 35 RUM-FEC......................................................................................... 35 ITA-3 (M.342) .................................................................................... 35 ITA-5 .............................................................................................. 36 PSK-31 ............................................................................................ 36 Source Decoding (Alphabet) ................................................................................ 36 Latin ............................................................................................... 36 Third-shift Greek ................................................................................. 37 Cyrillic ............................................................................................ 37 Tass-Cyrillic ...................................................................................... 37 Third-shift Cyrillic ................................................................................ 37 Hebrew ............................................................................................ 37 Arabic Baghdad-70 ............................................................................... 37 Arabic Baghdad-80 (ATU-80) ................................................................... 38 Bulgarian .......................................................................................... 38 Swedish ........................................................................................... 38 Danish-Norwegian ................................................................................ 38 German ............................................................................................ 38 French ............................................................................................. 39 US ................................................................................................. 39 ASCII .............................................................................................. 39 UNICODE ........................................................................................ 39 UTF-7 ............................................................................................. 39 UTF-8 ............................................................................................. 39 Analysis Tools ............................................................................................... 39 Bit Statistic ........................................................................................ 39 Autocorrelation ................................................................................... 40 Signal Duration ................................................................................... 41 Bit Sync Analysis ................................................................................. 41 Custom Library 44 Want to Roll Your Own functions? ......................................................................... 44 Adding a Custom Function .................................................................................. 46 iv Contents BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Constraints ................................................................................................... 47 Important Notes .............................................................................................. 47 Steps to Write a Custom Function in C# .NET ............................................................. 47 Steps to Write a Custom Function with Matlab ............................................................ 48 Source Code Template / Example (C# .NET) .............................................................. 49 CustomLibFunction.cs....................................................................................... 49 Source Code Template / Example (C# .NET for Matlab) ................................................. 52 BVCustLibMatlab.cs ............................................................................. 52 Source Code Template / Example (Matlab) ................................................................ 59 MatlabFunction.m ........................................................................................... 59 Appendix 60 CodeMeter and CmStick .................................................................................... 61 CodeMeter Control Center ....................................................................... 61 CodeMeter WebAdmin ........................................................................... 64 Glossary of Terms Index 75 77 BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Contents v Introduction General BitViewTool enables the user to analyze any bit stream. The range of functions extends from the display of a bit stream in various formats, simple bit stream manipulations, over statistical functions to complex mathematical functions and functions based on coding theory. The tools are targeted at users with experience in bit stream analysis. To understand some of the functions a comprehensive, mathematical knowledge is a prerequisite. Direct Bitstream input from W%1PC, W61PC and W-CODE is supported. BitViewTool supports the Windows 2000, XP, 2003 Server and Vista operating systems. Congratulations on purchase of a WAVECOM decoder. The product that you bought incorporates the latest technology in data decoding together with the latest software release available at the time of shipment. Please, check our website http://www.wavecom.ch for software updates. Always check the latest documentation on the installation CD or on our website. We thank you for choosing a WAVECOM decoder and look forward to work with you in the future. This chapter introduces WAVECOM, the field of activity of the company, and how you may benefit from the expertise of WAVECOM. Training WAVECOM offers to all our customers a complete, professional training program covering all the key features of our products. Depending on your skills (if you are an expert or a beginner), together we will work out a special training program for you. Training is available on your location or in Switzerland. Source Code Source code is available for government bodies. Please, inquire to receive an offer from WAVECOM, if you plan to add your own modes. Company Profile WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK GmbH was founded in 1985 in Hohentengen, Germany, close to the Swiss border. In 1991 the company moved to Switzerland and established itself as WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG. Now located in Buelach it is within close vicinity of Zurich airport. The company has focused on decoding and analysis systems for wireless data transmissions. The wide product range spans from professional, high performance systems to devices for private and amateur radio use. The very high quality standards combined with high system performance are appreciated by all customers worldwide. A global network of authorized sales partners ensures that local assistance and basic level support can be provided in most places. More than 95% of all units sold are exported. The majority of the customers are government agencies, defense organizations and the telecommunication industry. About 40% of the turnover is invested in research and development. The employees at WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG are mainly engineers with experience in DSP technology, computer and RF hardware development, and software engineering and radio data transmission. Access to external know-how and human resources enlarges the capabilities for realizing projects. Manufacturing is outsourced to specialized companies within Switzerland which can handle today's needs for processing surface mount components and fine-pitch structures. BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Introduction 1 WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG does not have any juridical or financial links or connections to other companies or official bodies and is completely owned by Mr. Christian Kesselring. Revisions Version 1.1 2.0 Date 10.May.2007 05.Nov.2007 Changes Installation folders changed ,,Hide on close preference added Layout settings removed from context menu Layout settings now in the property grid Graphic layout added ,,Inversion function name inversion changed to ,,polarity Bit Sync Analysis added Custom library updated Hexadecimal view added Enhanced printer dialog Matlab custom libraries General overwork : Improved readability Extended explanations ,,Parameters window changed to ,,Properties window Works with W51PC, W61PC and W-CODE New functions Unzip Autocalculation Enable function 2.1 14.Mar.2008 2.1.01 15.Apr.2008 2.2.00 22.Jul.2008 Requirements .NET Framework version 2.0 must be installed. The framework is included in the setup and is installed if missing on the system. CodeMeter software protection system. Limitations At present, the maximum number of bits that can be imported is limited to 500,000. Bear in mind that some formatting functions such as bit highlighting are consuming a lot of CPU power and may require considerable time to complete, especially on slower machines. Reducing the number of imported bits will speed up the application. Installation W-BV Software Installation To install the application, click Setup.exe. Files are then unpacked and copied to the installation folder. Ini files are not generated. 2 Installation BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Two types of installation are available, Complete and Custom. Complete installation will install BitViewTool, the Matlab runtime and the Matlab CustomLib examples on your system. Custom installation will only install the selected components on your system. On the following dialogs, the installation of the CodeMeter .NET API will be done. BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Installation 3 Depending on your selection, a language dialog will appear during installation of the Matlab runtime. By default BitViewTool will be installed in the WAVECOM folder, where other WAVECOM products may be installed. BitViewTool may be uninstalled by using the Add/Remove Programs item found in the Control Panel menu. Paths Examples and CustomLib files are copied to the following folder: Windows XP and earlier: or 4 Installation Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents \WAVECOM\BitViewTool\ BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents \WAVECOM\BitViewTool\ Windows Vista: Users\Public\Public Documents\WAVECOM\BitViewTool\ W-BV Hardware Installation Apart from a Windows PC and a software protection hardware, no additional hardware is required to operate the software. CmStick A software protection hardware has to be connected to the computer. The hardware device used for the software protection is called the CmStick and is available as: a small USB device a PC Card (CmCard/M, Cardbus, 32 Bit) a Express Card|34 (CmCard/E) The W-BV software will not start if the respective valid licenses are not found on a CmStick connected to the system. After the installation of the software on the computer, the icon will be presented in the tray icon area. Note: when a CmStick is plugged into an USB socket of a LCD, the CmStick will no longer be detected by the software protection server if the monitor is switched off. Hence a running application relying on the licenses stored on such a CmStick will stop working or disable its features. W-BV Licensing By default, two license models are available W-BV with an update period of 12 months W-BV with an update period of 36 months After the initial update period has elapsed, it is possible to order an extension for the update period by another 36 months. On request, we can generate different license models, even complex ones Single user license Evaluation licenses (number of starts, limited usage period, activation and/or expiration time) Modular licenses (activation of additional functions) Also licenses from other software manufacturers can be stored on a CmStick containing WAVECOM licenses. W-BV Software Options & Updates Additional functions or services may be licensed to work with your decoder, e.g.: W-CODE decoder Classifier BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Installation 5 Satellite Modes PACTOR-III, CLOVER-2, CLOVER-2000, and CODAN9001 an extension by another 36 months of the software update period. To process an order, the following infos are required: full address ordered items email or post delivery serial number of CmStick remote context file of CmStick to be updated, if applicable W-BV license checking To check the license(s) on the CmStick follow these steps: Click the icon in the tray icon area. Item Product Code Name Feature Map Licenses User Limit No User Limit Exclusive Shared Free Details Remarks Displays the Product Code Displays the name of the Product Item, normally the name of the product Displays the Feature Map. WAVECOM uses the Feature Map to control the software upgrade period Displays the total number of network licenses Displays the number of licenses, which are currently used in the User Limit mode Displays the number of licenses that are currently used in the No User Limit mode Displays the number of licenses that are currently used in the Exclusive mode Displays the number of licenses that are currently used in the Shared mode Displays the number of licenses that are currently free Displays detailed information about the respective network licenses in use Important: If you have multiple CmSticks plugged into computers in a local network, then read the "CodeMeter and CmStick" chapter included in the "Appendix" on page 60. 6 Installation BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Getting Started Program Start Starting the program will introduce a license check procedure. If no valid license key was found, the following message appears on the screen. If a valid license key was found the application is started. The Toolbox, which contains the function library, is displayed and enables the user to import a bit stream from a selection of different sources. Alternatively, using the New button from the Toolbar, an empty document window is opened which allows the user to manually create a bit stream, or copy and paste a bit stream from another source. Another option, using the Open button from the Toolbar, allows a previous saved Analysis Set (stored in a .XML file) to be opened (see later in this manual for details). Bit Stream Import An imported bit stream is shown in a document window, and Properties and History Explorer windows are opened. In general, the Parameters window displays all the properties of a selected function, and the History Explorer window shows the dependencies of all functions in a tree view. BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Getting Started 7 Menu Bit Stream Processing An imported bit stream may be processed using any of the functions found in the library. The processed bit stream is shown in a new document window. All document windows are shown as tabbed windows. Functions may be added to form a so-called Analysis Set, which contains an imported bit stream and the configured functions operating on the bit stream. The user may define and create different analysis paths, 8 Menu BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV as may be seen in the History Explorer. The imported bit stream is processed according to the configuration settings of the selected functions. Analysis Sets Using the Save button in the toolbar, Analysis Sets may be saved in an XML file, i.e. the imported bit stream and the parameter settings of the selected functions are stored. Using the Open button, an Analysis Set may be reloaded at any time. BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Menu 9 Reports Using the Report button a complete Analysis Set may generated and saved as a text file or a XML file. Example of a report stored in a text file. Example of a Report stored in a XML file. 10 Menu BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Properties Window The parameters in the Properties window are grouped into different categories providing the operator with information about actual parameter settings and - more important - allowing the operator to configure each function and to add comments. Detailed information about the selected parameter is displayed in the Help window below the Properties windows. As from release 2.0 with the introduction of the graphic display, three new categories have been added to the Parameters Window. 1. Graphic Display Configuration 2. Layout 3. Bit & Text Display Configuration Menu 11 BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Please refer to the Layout Settings section to read more about these settings. History Explorer Window The History Explorer window provides a quick overview of the actual analyzing process. It allows the operator to try out different function paths with different parameter settings and enables instant comparison of the results of these trials. Functions may be re-arranged and deleted using the mouse pointer (drag and drop) in combination with the modifier buttons (CTRL, ALT, SHIFT) and the right-click menu. No button pressed CTRL pressed ALT pressed SHIFT pressed : Move dragged function plus all sub-functions : Copy and insert dragged function : Copy and add dragged function plus all sub-functions : Copy and add dragged function Detailed information is displayed on top of the window, when a button is pressed while dragging. Toolbox The Toolbox menu is divided into libraries, and each library contains one or more functions. Note: The Custom Library is not visible unless a custom function has been added. The Analysis Tools are not added to the History Explorer tree and are not persistently stored. Preferences The Preferences dialog box may be selected from the Setup menu. Substitution symbols for logical zero and logical one may be directly edited or selected using the appropriate Symbol button. 12 Menu BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV If Automatically update all data on a parameter change is ticked, all functions are automatically recalculated when the operator changes a parameter. Uncheck the tick box if this behavior is not desirable, and use the Recalc button in case a recalculation is necessary. If Hide document on close is ticked, a document is hidden when closed, but remains in the History Explorer. Clicking the function associated with the document in the History Explorer will make the document visible again. To remove the function completely, select the appropriate function in the History Explorer and press the Delete key on your keyboard. If this option is not checked, documents are completely removed when closed. Closing the root document will close and remove all other functions and their associated documents . If Graphic/Hex display changes in all documents is option selected, all the documents will have the same display settings, i.e. if the display is changed from Graphic to Hex in one document, all other documents will change their display type as well. Layout Settings At run time, the user can freely drag and drop all windows to re-arrange them according to the preferred layout. In addition the Parameters, History Explorer and Toolbox windows use auto-hide functionality. BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Menu 13 Use the menu entry View > Default Layout to use the default layout of the windows. More than one Analysis Set may be active at a time. Using the Window menu allows the user to show or hide these Analysis Sets. 14 Menu BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Using the Bit & Text Display Configuration category in the Properties window enables the operator to use different display format options. Word Wrap Checking the Word Wrap Enabled tick box enables word wrapping in the bit and text document. Bits per line This parameter allows displaying a specific number of bits per line. Choose the Bits per line radio button under format options to enable this feature. Bitfield alignment Whenever the specified bit pattern is found in the bit stream, a new line is started, i.e. a line break is inserted. Choose the Bitfield aligned radio button under format options to enable this feature. Highlighting The bit stream is searched for a specific bit pattern and when found the pattern is marked. A maximum of four different search patterns are possible. Check the Highlighting tick box to enable this feature and enter the search patterns in the appropriate text fields. Graphic Display A graphic display is associated with the bit stream and may be selected from the top of the Properties window. The size of the graphic display can be changed vertically by dragging its top border. The Layout category in the Properties window lets you change the appearance of the graphic display. In the Graphic Display Configuration category in the Properties window, the number of bits per line can be changed. This feature can be used to find periodic bit patterns in the bit stream by changing the number of bits per line until a repeating bit pattern is visible. It is much easier to find those patterns using the graphic display than to use the bit and text display. The arrow buttons on top of the Properties window are designed to move the active selection in the graphic display. The selected bits are displayed as Raw Bits in the bottom of the graphic display. BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Menu 15 It is possible to zoom into the graphic display. Hold the left mouse button down and select the area that is to be expanded. A right click on the graphic display shows the context menu for un-zooming the view. Hex Display Another view of the bit stream is the hex display, selectable from the top of the Properties window. Printer Dialog The printer dialog is used for print preview and the printer settings. Use it by clicking the Print button or by selecting the menu entry File > Print. All layout settings, i.e. highlighting, alignment or bits per line, are supported. 16 Menu BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library Common Functions Auto Calculation Sometimes, a parameter needs to be varied within a specific range to get the correct result. This can either be done by changing the parameter value manually and then checking the output or it can be performed automatically. Thats where the Auto-Calculation comes into play. A right click on the parameter name (not the value) in the parameters window opens a context menu which shows ,,AutoCalc Setup. A click on that menu entry opens the Auto Calculation: BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 17 Now, start and stop value for the selected parameter must be chosen. Then, ,,Monitor function name needs to be selected, thats the output of one of the function that follows after the current active function. The automatic calculation can now be started by clicking the Start button. The result of the parameter variation is shown on the left side of the analysis window. MenuEditQuick find can be used for searching inside the output window. 18 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Enable/Disable of functions Functions in the analysis tree can easily be enabled/disabled by checking/unchecking the checkbox next to the function in the History Explorer. Source/Sink Import Text Data This function imports a bit stream from a text file. Only ASCII ones (0x31) and zeros (0x30) are considered as valid characters, others values are ignored and will not be loaded. Example: "0110w700" is imported as "011000". Import Hex Data This function imports a bit stream in hexadecimal form from a text file. Only ASCII figures from "0" to "9" and letters from "A" or "a" to "F" or "f" are considered as valid characters. Example: "a1bg0c1kd0" is imported as "10100001101100001100000111010000" BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 19 Import Binary Data This function imports binary files and displays their content as a stream of ones and zeros. Import IAS Bitstream In addition to loading a bit stream from a file, streams can also be directly transferred from WAVECOM server, the application that manages WAVECOM decoder cards. In order to be able to connect to the server, the following settings are required: Parameter Card number Bitstream IP address Port Sampling time Timeout Value Selection of decoder on the system Code that will run on the WAVECOM server. It is a choice of HF (default setting), VHF direct or VHF indirect. IP address or MS computer name of the PC that hosts WAVECOM server Port number of Remote Control Interface (RCI) of WAVECOM server Sampling time in seconds. ,,0 means infinite Maximum time to establish a connection to WAVECOM server. If a connection to the server could not be established within this period of time, the application cancels the connection procedure After importing an IAS bit stream, the Bit Sync Analysis function automatically opens. Export Text Data Writes the content of the current document into a text file. A Save As Dialog will appear to select filename and a folder for the exported file. Synchronization Preamble In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Searches for the Preamble value in the incoming bit stream and then writes the number of Bits after Preamble to the output. If the bit stream contains more than one preamble, the parameter Ignore preambles can be set for the function to skip a certain number of preambles. Binary Modulation NRZ-I In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream 20 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function: Changes the bit stream according to the "Non Return to Zero Inverse" (NRZ-I) decoding scheme, where no bit change represents a ,,1 and a bit change represents a ,,0. NRZ-M In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Changes the bit stream according to the "Non Return to Zero Mark" (NRZ-M) decoding scheme, where a bit change represents a ,,1 and no bit change represents a ,,0. NRZ-S In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Changes the bit stream according to the "Non Return To Zero Space" (NRZ-S) decoding scheme, where no bit change represents a ,,1 and a bit change represents a ,,0. Note: This function is identical to NRZ-I. Bi-Phase-L (Manchester) In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 21 Function: Analyzes the bit changes of the bit stream. A change from ,,1 to ,,0 represents a ,,1 and a change from ,,0 to ,,1 represents a ,,0. The bits are analyzed in pairs, i.e. the number of output bits is half the number of input bits. Bi-Phase-M In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: In Bi-Phase-M encoding, a logical ,,1 is represented by a pair of bits of opposite values (,,10 or ,,01). A logical ,,0 is represented by a pair of bits of the same values (,,00 or ,,11). The decoding procedure halves the number of output bits. Bi-Phase-S In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: In Bi-Phase-S encoding, a logical ,,0 is represented by a pair of two bits of opposite values (,,10 or ,,01). A logical ,,1 is represented by a pair of bits of the same value (,,00 or ,,11). The decoding procedure halves the number of output bits. DBi-Phase-M In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream 22 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function: Two bits form a bit period. A bit change at the beginning of a bit period represents a ,,0, while no bit change at the beginning of a bit period represents a ,,1. DBi-Phase-S In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Two bits form a bit period. A bit change at the beginning of a bit period represents a ,,1, while no bit change at the beginning of a bit period represents a ,,0. Bit Manipulation De-Stuffing (HDLC) In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Removes stuff bits inserted in the input bit stream. If a zero bit is detected after five contiguous Ones, the Zero bit will be removed. Example: "1111101" is changed to " ,,111111" BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 23 Mirroring In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: The mirroring function modifies the incoming bit stream frame by frame. The Frame length is user defined. The function changes the bit order within each frame. Example with a frame size of 5 bits: "10111 01101" is changed to "11101 10110" Rotation In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: The rotation function modifies the incoming bit stream frame by frame. The Frame length is user defined, as well as the Rotation direction and the Number of bits to be rotated. Example with a frame size of 5 bits, left rotation direction and one rotation step: "10111 01101" is changed to "01111 11010" Shift In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: 24 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV The shift function modifies the incoming bit stream frame by frame. The Frame length is user defined, as well as the Shift direction, the Number of bits to be shifted and the Fill bit value. Example with a frame size of 5 bits, left shift direction, two bits shift and a fill value of ,,1: "10111 01101" is changed to "11111 10111" Polarity In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Inverts the bit stream according to the Bits to change polarity pattern. At positions marked with a One, the bit is inverted, at positions with a Zero, the bit remains unchanged. Example: Bits to change polarity Input Output #1 111000111 111111111000000000 000111000111000111 #2 1 111111111000000000 000000000111111111 #3 0 111111111000000000 111111111000000000 De-Interleave Bit Block In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Changes the bit order according to the settings of Block length, Frame length and Interleaving distance. The easiest way to understand the de-interleaving function is a closer look at the examples below (imagine that the bit stream is written horizontally into the buffer and read out vertically): Example: Distance Block length Frame length Input Matrix #1 3 12 1 000111000111 000 111 #2 2 16 2 0011001111100010 00 11 00 11 BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 25 000 111 Output 010101010101 11 10 00 10 0000110011111010 De-Interleaving Stream In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Change the bit order according to the settings of Offset into Bit Buffer, Output frame length and Interleaving distance. The Offset into Bit Buffer tells the function where to start the de-interleaving function. Is Offset into Bit Buffer for example set to 3, then the first 3 bits will not be used for calculation of the output data. According to the Output frame length setting, the output data will be less than the input data. The easiest way to understand the de-interleaving stream function is a closer look to an example below (imagine that the bit stream is written horizontally into the buffer and read out vertically): Example 1: Offset into Bit Buffer = 0 Interleaving distance = 15 Output frame length = 4 Example 2: Offset into Bit Buffer = 3 Interleaving distance = 8 Output frame length = 4 AND / OR / XOR / NOT In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream 26 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function: The output bit values depend on the selected logical operation (Logical operator) performed on the input bits. The first operand is the input bit stream, while the second operand (Frame) is constant and can be ,,0 or ,,1. Extraction In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Extracts bits from the incoming bit stream using the user defined Mask. Only positions marked with a ,,1 are extracted. The output bit stream is calculated frame by frame. Example: "111110" with mask "110" changes to "1111" Cutting In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Cuts Cut length bits, beginning at Cut start position. Note that counting starts at zero, i.e. the first element in the bit stream is number 0. Decoding/Equalizer Viterbi-Decoding In: Bit stream Function Library 27 BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Out: Bit stream Function: Decodes the incoming bit stream using the Viterbi algorithm - a maximum-likelihood decoding procedure for convolutional codes. Parameter Constraint length Decision best state Last decoder state Metric Mode Soft decision bits Equals n+1, where n is the length of the constraint register in the encoder Use best state or not Initial state of the decoder Select hard or soft decision Select whether the input data should be treated as a continuous stream or a stream of bursts. If soft decision is used, enter the number of soft decision bits De-Puncturing In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: This function adds probability bits and de-puncturing bits to the input bit stream. Parameter Frame Value According to this bit pattern, bits are inserted. The length of the bit pattern corresponds to the frame length. At positions marked with a ,,0, a bit is inserted. Additionally, for every input bit, a probability bit is added. For received bits (marked with a ,,1 in the frame pattern), a ,,1 probability bit is added - for inserted bits, a ,,0 probability bit is added (equals a probability of 0.5) Example with a frame pattern of "110": The frame pattern "110" means that after two input bits, a de-puncturing bit must be inserted so "1111" becomes "111100111100". 28 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Difference-Decoding In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: This function performs difference decoding, which is a logical XOR operation on the previous output bit and the current input bit. The Start bit value is user defined. Example with start bit value of ,,One: "01101110" is changed to "10110100" BCH-Decoding In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Decodes BCH encoded bit streams. Parameter Code word length Max errors Value Length of code word including redundancy bits. Error correction capability Example with code length 15 and error correction capability 3: "011001010000111" is changed to "00111" CRC & Polynomial CRC (1..32) In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 29 Function: Calculate the cyclic redundancy checksum (CRC) value of the input bit stream according to the settings described below. Parameter AugmentZeroBits CrcBitsAppended FinalXorValue InitialValue Order Polynomial ReverseDataBytes ReverseResultBeforeXor Value Calculate CRC with or without augmented (added) zero bits Are CRC bits appended to the bit stream (Yes or No) Final XOR value in hex Initial value in hex Polynomial order (1..32) Polynomial in hex Reflect data byte before processing (Yes or No) Reflect final result before XOR (Yes or No) The calculated CRC value is displayed in the ,,CrcCalculated field. If ,,CrcBitsAppended is set to ,,Yes, then the ,,CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the ,,CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is displayed in inversed form too (,,CrcTransmittedInverse). CRC-8 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Calculates the standard CRC-8 values of the incoming bit stream. The calculated CRC value is displayed in the CrcCalculated field. If CrcBitsAppended is set to Yes, then the CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is also displayed in inverted form (CrcTransmittedInverse). 30 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV CRC-10 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Calculates the standard CRC-10 values of the incoming bit stream. The calculated CRC value is displayed in the CrcCalculated field. If CrcBitsAppended is set to Yes, then the CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is also displayed in inverted form (CrcTransmittedInverse). CRC-12 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Calculates the standard CRC-12 values of the incoming bit stream. The calculated CRC value is displayed in the CrcCalculated field. If CrcBitsAppended is set to Yes, then the CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is also displayed in inverted form (CrcTransmittedInverse). CRC-16 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 31 Function: Calculates the standard CRC-16 values of the incoming bit stream. The calculated CRC value is displayed in the CrcCalculated field. If CrcBitsAppended is set to Yes, then the CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is also displayed in inverted form (CrcTransmittedInverse). CRC-CCITT In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Calculate the standard CRC-CCITT values of the incoming bit stream. The calculated CRC value is displayed in the CrcCalculated field. If CrcBitsAppended is set to Yes, then the CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is also displayed in inverted form (CrcTransmittedInverse). CRC-32 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: 32 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Calculates the standard CRC-32 values of the incoming bit stream. The calculated CRC value is displayed in the CrcCalculated field. If CrcBitsAppended is set to Yes, then the CrcTransmitted field contains the transmitted CRC value in hex form. If there are no appended CRC bits, then the CrcTransmitted field has no meaning. The transmitted CRC value is also displayed in inverted form (CrcTransmittedInverse). Unpacking/Decompress Unzip In: bit stream Out: bit stream Function: The unzip function decompresses a ZIP archive from the input bit stream using the standard DEFLATE algorithm. If the function is able to detect compressed files in the bit stream, the names of these files is shown in the ,,Files in Archive field. The output of this function can be processed further by using other functions or can be saved into files. The ,,Unzip to disk,, function is started by pressing the Start button. A file dialog will appear to select the folder for the decompressed files. If a file is corrupted or data is missing and ,,Extract corrupted files is set to No, an error message will appear when the decompression of the corrupted file has finished. If ,,Extract corrupted files is set to Yes, damaged archives will be processed without an error message. Channel Decoding (Protocol) ARQ-E In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 33 Function: Converts an ARQ-E coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. SITOR In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Converts an SITOR coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. FEC-A In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Converts an FEC-A coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. BAUER In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream 34 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function: Converts a BAUER coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. HNG-FEC In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Converts an HNG-FEC coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. RUM-FEC In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Converts an RUM-FEC coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. ITA-3 (M.342) In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 35 Function: Converts an ITA-3 coded bit stream into an ITA-2 bit stream. ITA-5 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Removes the parity bits of an ITA-5 coded bit stream. PSK-31 In: Bit stream Out: Bit stream Function: Converts a PSK-31 (Varicode) code into an ITA-2 bit stream. Source Decoding (Alphabet) Latin In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Latin). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. 36 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV The source code format can be set to ITA-2 or ITA-1. Third-shift Greek In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Third-shift Greek). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Cyrillic In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Cyrillic). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Tass-Cyrillic In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (TASS Cyrillic). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Third-shift Cyrillic In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Third-shift Cyrillic). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Hebrew In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Hebrew). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Arabic Baghdad-70 In: Bit stream Out: Character stream BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 37 Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Arabic Baghdad-70). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Arabic Baghdad-80 (ATU-80) In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Arabic Baghdad-80). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Bulgarian In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Bulgarian). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. Swedish In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Swedish). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive Symbol. Danish-Norwegian In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (Danish/Norwegian). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. German In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (German). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. 38 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV French In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (French). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. US In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text (US). If Transparent display mode is set to No, then special characters like carriage return or line feed are treated as control characters and applied to the output window. If Transparent display mode is set to Yes, then the special characters are displayed using a corresponding, descriptive symbol. ASCII In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to ASCII text. The user can select between 7 bit ASCII and 8 bit ASCII. UNICODE In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to Unicode text. The user can select between Little- and Big-Endian. UTF-7 In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to UTF-7 text. UTF-8 In: Bit stream Out: Character stream Function: Converts a bit stream to UTF-8 text. Analysis Tools Bit Statistic In: Bit stream Out: Chart Function: BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 39 Generates a bit histogram containing the statistical distribution of logical zeros and ones. This chart is only calculated once, i.e. the content does not change, even if the analysis set is recalculated. To update histogram values, close the window and then reopen it. A right click on the histogram makes additional functionality available. Autocorrelation In: Bit stream Out: Chart Function: Generates a graphical display of an autocorrelation operation on the input bit stream. This chart is only calculated once, i.e. the content does not change, even if the analysis set is recalculated. To update graph values, close the window and then reopen it. Built-in zooming functions that are available using mouse clicks. A drag-and-drop operation will select an area for zooming. A right click on the display makes additional functionality available. 40 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV If the view has been changed by drag and drop, the original dimensions can be restored by clicking Original Dimensions. Signal Duration In: Bit stream Out: Histogram Function: Generates a statistical histogram of signal duration. This chart is only calculated once, i.e. the content does not change, even if the analysis set is recalculated. To update histogram values, close the window and then reopen it. A drag-and-drop operation will select an area for zooming. A right click on the display makes additional functionality available. If the view has been changed by drag and drop, the original dimensions can be restored by clicking Original Dimensions. Bit Sync Analysis In: Bit stream Out: Analysis window BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 41 Function: Opens a bit synchronization analysis window. Bit Sync Analysis is designed to find the starting position of a frame. For this reason, all bits are displayed in a graphical view with an adjustable number of bits per line; this makes it easier to find periodic sequences. The settings for Bit Sync Analysis are defined in the Properties window: Bits per line defines the number of bits per line. Bit extraction mode offers a choice between Bit mask and Stream de-interleave modes. Depending on the mode selected, either the bit mask or the de-interleaving can be configured. For details of these functions, please refer to the descriptions of the Extraction and De-Interleaving Bit Stream functions in the Bit Manipulation section of this manual. The Layout category controls the appearance of the graphical bit display. In the Decoding category, the decoding alphabet is selected. Supported alphabets are ITA2, ITA3, CCIR476_5, ASCII (7 Bit) and ASCII (8 Bit). Decoding is only possible if Bit mask is activated. The CCIR476_5 and ITA3 alphabets are redundant alphabets allowing a calculation of the number of valid frames, which is displayed in the decoding category. This is an additional help to find the start of a frame inside a bit stream. For the other alphabets, a validation is not possible. The Navigation category defines the behavior of the four arrow buttons in the bottom area of the dialog window. Example: Open the SITOR example analysis, located in the BitViewTool\Examples folder and select the Import IAS Bit stream function in the History Explorer. Open the Analysis Tools in the Toolbox and select Bit Sync Analysis. The dialog below will appear: 42 Function Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV SITOR-A has a block length of 45, so adjust Bits per line to 45 bits. As the alphabet is known, select CCIR476_5. The next step is to configure the Bit mask with 21 ones and 24 zeros. After configuration of the bit mask, the dialog looks like this: As the SITOR alphabet allows validation, the remaining task is to move the selection across the window with the navigation arrow buttons and check the percentage of valid frames. The figure below shows a valid bit block: BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV Function Library 43 The decoded text is displayed in the Decoding category. Custom Library Want to Roll Your Own functions? The ability to expand BitViewTool with custom developed functions is one of the most powerful features of this application. However, before you start rolling your own functions you must have a good grasp of C#, object oriented programming and the use of Microsoft Visual Studio and .NET. In addition a solid knowledge of Matlab and the mathematical aspects of communication systems is a prerequisite to benefit from these powerful tools. The books listed below may help the programmer to get acquainted with the development tools, Bernhard Sklar, "Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications", 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001 John Sharp, "Microsoft Visual C# 2005 ­ Step by Step", Microsoft Press, 2006 Ruda Pratap, "Getting Started with MATLAB 7", Oxford The Custom Library Interface supports the integration of third party functions into BitViewTool. Functions may be implemented using any .NET language, i.e. C#.NET, VB.NET, J#.NET and C++.NET, using the .NET Framework 2.0. Custom functions are compiled into individual 32-bit .NET-DLLs and executed on operating systems supported by BitViewTool, including Windows 2000, XP, 2003 Server and Vista. As from release 2.1 it is also possible to write mathematical functions in Matlab and integrate them with BitViewTool. Examples using custom functions are distributed with BitViewTool. The custom library DLL as well as the source code can be found in the CustomLib folder of the BitViewTool. The projects (solutions) provided were created using VS.NET 2005 with .NET Framework 2.0. The CustomLib folder is created during installation. On Windows XP and older: 44 Custom Library BitView Manual V2.2.00 WAVECOM W-BV