User manual YAESU FT-450

HF/50 MHZ TRANSCEIVER FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD. 4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan VERTEX STANDARD US Headquarters 10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A. YAESU EUROPE B.V. P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands YAESU UK LTD. Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K. VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD. Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong VERTEX STANDARD (AUSTRALIA) PTY., LTD. Normanby Business Park, Unit 14/45 Normanby Road Notting Hill 3168, Victoria, Australia TABLE OF CONTENTS SSB/AM MODE TRANSMISSION ..................... 34 TX METER SELECTION ................................................. 35 TX POWER ADJUSTMENT ............................................ 35 TRANSMITTER TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT) ...................... 36 MICROPHONE GAIN LEVEL ADJUSTMENT ................ 37 DSP MICROPHONE EQUALIZER .................................. 38 AUTOMATIC TX/RX SWITCHING USING VOICE CONTROL (VOX) ........................... 39 MONITOR ........................................................................ 40 SPLIT-FREQUENCY OPERATION ................................. 41 QUICK SPLIT OPERATION ............................................ 41 VOICE MEMORY (SSB/AM/FM MODES) ...................... 42 GENERAL FEATURE ........................................... 1 FRONT PANEL SWITCHES AND KNOBS .......... 2 DISPLAY INDICATIONS ....................................... 6 REAR PANEL JACKS .......................................... 8 SUPPLIED MH-67A8J MICROPHONE ................. 9 ACCESSORIES & OPTIONS ............................. 10 INSTALLATION .................................................. 11 CONNESTION OF ANTENNA AND POWER SUPPLY .. 11 ABOUT COAXIAL CABLE ............................................... 11 GROUNDING ................................................................... 12 VL-1000 LINEAR AMPLIFIER INTERCONNECTIONS .. 13 INTERFACING TO OTHER LINEAR AMPLIFIER ........... 13 CW MODE OPERATION .................................... 44 SETUP FOR STRAIGHT KEY (AND STRAIGHT KEY EMULATION) OPERATION ..... 44 USING THE BUILT-IN ELECTRONIC KEYER ................ 45 CW SPOTTING (ZERO-BEATING) ................................. 47 USING CW REVERSE .................................................... 47 CW DELAY TIME SETTING ............................................ 48 CW SIDETONE VOLUME LEVEL SETTING .................. 48 CW PITCH ADJUSTMENT .............................................. 49 CW TRAINING FEATURE ............................................... 49 BEACON FEATURE ........................................................ 50 EASY OPERATION ............................................ 14 HOW TO USE THE [DSP/SEL] KNOB ............................ 15 MENU OPERATION ......................................................... 15 HOW TO USE THE [VOICE/C.S] SWITCH .................... 16 KEY DURATION SETTING .............................................. 17 RESETTING THE MICROPROCESSOR ........................ 18 RECEIVING ........................................................ 19 TUNING STEPS ............................................................... 19 CHANGE THE TUNING STEP OF THE [MAIN DIAL] KNOB ..................... 19 CHANGE THE TUNING STEP OF THE [DSP/SEL] KNOB ........................ 19 ABOUT THE [UP]/[DWN] BUTTONS OF THE OPTIONAL MH-31A8J AND MD-100A8X ..... 20 CLARIFIER ....................................................................... 20 DIGITAL VOICE ANNOUNCEMENT ............................... 21 DIAL LOCK ....................................................................... 21 MY BANDS OPERATION ................................................ 22 MY MODES OPERATION ............................................... 23 DIGITAL VOICE RECORDER ......................................... 24 FM MODE OPERATION ..................................... 52 BASIC OPERATION ........................................................ 52 REPEATER OPERATION ................................................ 53 TONE SQUELCH/DCS OPERATION .............................. 54 TONE SEARCH SCANNING ........................................... 55 MEMORY OPERATION ...................................... 54 CONVENIENT MEMORY FUNCTIONS .......................... 56 MEMORY GROUPS ......................................................... 57 REGULAR MEMORY OPERATION ................................ 58 MEMORY STORAGE ................................................ 58 MEMORY CHANNEL RECALL ................................. 58 ERASING MEMORY CHANNEL DATA ..................... 59 MEMORY TUNE OPERATION .................................. 59 LABELING MEMORIES ............................................ 60 HOME CHANNEL MEMORIES ....................................... 62 HOME CHANNEL RECALL ....................................... 62 HOME CHANNEL FREQUENCY CHANGE ............. 62 QMB (QUICK MEMORY BANK) ...................................... 63 STORAGE ................................................................. 63 RECALL ..................................................................... 63 CONVENIENCE FEATURES ............................. 25 RECEIVER OPERATION (FRONT END BLOCK DIAGRAM) ......................................... 25 ATT/IPO (ADJUST THE RECEIVING SENSITIVITY) .................................. 26 NOISE BLANKER (INTERFERENCE REJECTION "SIGNALS WITHIN 3 kHz") ........... 26 AGC (TOOL FOR COMFORTABLE AND EFFECTIVE RECEPTION) ......... 27 CONTOUR (INTERFERENCE REJECTION "SIGNALS WITHIN 3 kHz") ........... 28 SHIFT (INTERFERENCE REJECTION "SIGNALS WITHIN 3 kHz") ........... 29 WIDTH (INTERFERENCE REJECTION "SIGNALS WITHIN 3 kHz") ........... 30 NOTCH (INTERFERENCE REJECTION "SIGNALS WITHIN 3 kHz") ........... 31 DNR (INTERFERENCE REJECTION "SIGNALS WITHIN 3 kHz") ........... 32 RF GAIN ........................................................................... 33 SCANNING OPERATION ................................... 64 VFO AND MEMORY SCANNING .................................... 64 PREPARATION ......................................................... 64 VFO/MEMORY SCAN ............................................... 65 PROGRAMMABLE MEMORY SCANNING (PMS) ........ 66 OPERATION ON ALASKA EMERGENCY FREQUENCY: 5167.5 kHz (U.S. VERSION ONLY) ....... 67 MISCELLANEOUS SETTINGS .......................... 68 DISPLAY SETTING .......................................................... 68 BEEPER SETTING .......................................................... 69 BEEP VOLUME ......................................................... 69 BEEP TONE .............................................................. 70 AUTOMATIC POWER-OFF (APO) .................................. 71 TABLE OF CONTENTS INSTALLATION OF OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES .................... 87 AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER ATU-450 OPERATION ............................... 87 AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER FC-30 OPERATION .................................. 90 AUTOMATIC-MATCHING 200-MEMORY ANTENNA TUNER FC-40 OPERATION ....................... 92 ACTIVE-TUNING ANTENNA SYSTEM (ATAS-100/-120/120A) OPERATION .................... 94 CARRYING HANDLE MHG-1 INSTALLATION ............... 96 MOUNTING BRACKET MMB-90 INSTALLATION ............................ 97 RTTY (RADIO TELETYPE) OPERATION .......... 72 SETTING UP FOR RTTY OPERATION .......................... 72 BASIC SETUP ................................................................. 72 PACKET OPERATION ....................................... 73 PACKET SETUP (INCLUDING SUBCARRIER FREQUENCY) ........... 73 BASIC SETUP ................................................................. 73 MISCELLANEOUS AFSK-BASED DATA MODES ................. 74 MENU MODE ..................................................... 76 USING THE MENU .......................................................... 76 MENU MODE RESET ...................................................... 76 CLONING ........................................................... 86 SPECIFICATIONS .............................................. 98 Congratulations on the purchase of your Yaesu amateur transceiver! Whether this is your first rig, or if Yaesu equipment is already the backbone of your station, rest assured that your transceiver will provide many hours of operating pleasure for years to come. GENERAL FEATURE Super Compact HF Transceiver with IF-DSP ATU (automatic antenna tuner) can be installed in the radio (optional) A perfect performance on HF radio with easy operation is realized only by the FT-450, very small HF transceiver. HF + 50 MHz with 100 Watts output all mode operation Small, compact and light-weight HF radio, 9 (W) x 3.3 (H) x 8.5 (D) in, 7.9 lb 9-segment LCD frequency display with large characters provides more natural indication Black-Nega type LCD Built-in IF DSP unit which realize the following functions H H H H H H H H H H Modulation and Demodulation CONTOUR MANUAL NOTCH DNR WIDTH (CW narrow 500 Hz operation available without any optional filters) Microphone equalizer built in Speech Processor DSP VOX operation Two Voice memory channels included Frequency read out function TCXO built-in 500 memory channels IF SHIFT IPO 20 dB ATT built-in Clarifier Electronic keyer built-in Microphone and phone jacks on the front panel FSK-RTTY TX operation Long wire antenna can be used by the optional FC-40 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 1 FRONT PANEL SWITCHES ATT/IPO Switch This button selects the ATT or IPO feature. Available selections are: ATT:OFF/IPO:OFF ª ATT:ON/IPO:OFF ª ATT:OFF/IPO:ON ª ATT:ON/IPO:ON ª ATT:OFF/IPO:OFF ATT: OFF, IPO: OFF Attenuator is OFF, and the RF preamplifier amplifies the incoming signal. ATT: ON, IPO: OFF The received signal is reduced by 20 dB, and the RF preamplifier amplifies the incoming signal. ATT: OFF, IPO: ON Attenuator is OFF, and the received signal bypasses the RF preamplifier, yielding a direct feed to the first mixer. ATT: ON, IPO: ON The received signal is reduced by 20 dB, and the incoming signal bypasses the RF preamplifier, yielding a direct feed to the first mixer. The selection will be indicated in the Block Diagram on the display. AND KNOBS AGC Switch This button selects the AGC characteristics for the receiver. Press and hold in this button for one second to disable the AGC (for testing or weak-signal reception). NB Switch This button turns the IF Noise Blanker on and off. Press this button to reduce short-duration pulse noise. DSP Switch This button selects the DSP functions. Available selections are CONTOUR, NOTCH, DNR, and WIDTH. ON/OFF Switch Press and hold in this switch for one second to turn the transceiver on or off. PHONE Jack A 1/4-inch, 3-contact jack accepts either monaural or stereo headphones with 2 or 3-contact plugs. When a plug is inserted, the loudspeaker is disabled. NOTE: When wearing headphones, we recommend that you turn the AF GAIN levels down to their lowest settings before turning power on, to minimize the impact on your hearing caused by audio "pops" during switch-on. PHONES KEY ON/OFF MIC -SHIFT+ DSP/SEL MODE MODE A=B DSP ATT/IPO NB AGC BAND KEYER CLAR FAST KEY Jack This 1/4-inch, 3-contact jack accepts a CW key or keyer paddles (for the built-in electronic keyer), or output from an external electronic keyer. Pinout is shown below. Key up is 5 volts, and key down current is 0.5 mA. Page 2 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL FRONT PANEL SWITCHES VOICE/C.S Switch Press this button to activate one of the 52 functions, which can be assigned via Menu Item "PNL-C.S." Press the [F] button followed by this button to announce the current operating frequency (with resolution to the displayed 100 Hz digit) and operating mode. AND KNOBS MW/V/M Switch This button toggles frequency control between the VFO and the memory system. Press the [F] button followed by this button to copy the current operating data from the VFO into the currently selected memory channel. HOME/RCL Switch Press this button to recall the Quick Memory Bank memory for operation. Press this button again to return to the VFO or Memory mode. Press the [F] button followed by this button to recall the "Home" (favorite frequency) channel. The home channel default settings are 29.30000 MHz for the HF Band and 51.00000 MHz for the 6 m band. VOX/STO Switch Press this button to copy the operating information (frequency, mode, bandwidth, and also repeater direction/shift frequency and CTCSS functions on the FM mode) into the Quick Memory Bank. Press the [F] button followed by this button to activate the VOX (voice-actuated transmitter switching) feature in the SSB, AM, and FM modes. STEP/SPLIT Switch Press this button to activate split frequency operation between VFO-A, used for reception and VFO-B, used for transmission (or vice versa). Press the [F] button followed by this button to enable setting of the frequency step with the [DSP/SEL] knob. When the selection is complete, press this key again. PMS/SCAN Switch Press this button to initiate the upward scanning of VFO frequencies or memory channels. Press the [F] button followed by this button to engage the Programmable Memory Scan, (PMS) which limits scanning within a particular frequency range. C.S V/M VOX STO PMS SCAN RCL STEP SPLIT AGC BAND BAND TUNE F METER/DIM Switch AF GAIN MODE SQL/RF GAIN A=B A/B CLAR FAST LOCK TUNE Switch Press this button momentarily to toggle the ATU-450 Internal Automatic Antenna Tuner on/off. Press and hold in this button to begin the automatic Tuning. Press this button to change the meter function in the transmit mode as follows. PO ª ALC ª SWR ª PO PO: Indicates the average power output level. ALC: Indicates the relative ALC voltage. SWR: Indicates the Standing Wave Ratio (Forward/Reflected). Press the [F] button followed by this button to enable adjustment of the display dimmer level by the [ DSP/ SEL] knob. When the adjustment is complete, press this key again. F Switch Press this button to activate the alternate key functions of the six command buttons located on the upper right corner of the front panel. Press and hold this button for one second to engage the "Menu" mode. FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 3 FRONT PANEL SWITCHES AND KNOBS MIC Jack This 8-pin jack accepts input from a supplied MH-67A8J Hand Microphone. PHONES KEY ON/OFF MIC -SHIFT+ DSP/SEL MODE MODE A=B DSP ATT/IPO NB AGC BAND (viewed from front panel) KEYER CLAR FAST SHIFT Knob This knob shifts the IF DSP passband to reduce an interfering signal which is inside the IF passband. DSP/SEL Knob This knob is used to select functions depending on the situation. G Frequency Tuning G Memory Channel Selection G DSP Setting G Menu Mode Selection MODE /MODE Switch These buttons select the operating mode. KEYER Switch This button toggles the internal CW keyer on and off. CLAR Switch Pressing this button activates the Clarifier, to allow temporarily offsetting the receive frequency. When the Clarifier is active, you may offset the receive frequency by adjusting the [MAIN DIAL] knob. Page 4 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL FRONT PANEL SWITCHES BAND /BAND Switch These buttons select the operating band. AND KNOBS C.S V/M VOX STO PMS SCAN RCL STEP SPLIT AGC BAND BAND TUNE F AF GAIN MODE SQL/RF GAIN A=B A/B AF GAIN CLAR FAST LOCK This knob sets the receiver's audio volume level. Typically, you will operate with this control set between the 9 o'clock and 10 o'clock positions. SQL/RF GAIN Knob In the factory default, this knob adjusts the gain of the receiver's RF and IF stages. Using Menu Item "SQL/RFG", this knob may be changed to function as a squelch control, which may be used to silence background noise when no signal is present. A/B Switch This button toggles the frequency control between VFO-A and VFO-B. LOCK Switch This button toggles the locking of the [ MAIN DIAL] knob and some switches, to prevent accidental frequency changes. Advice: You may select the locking schemes via the Menu Mode. Term Explanation: The Menu Mode permits you to make small changes in the parameters of many of the functions of the FT-450. You can customize the operations to your personal preferences. MAIN DIAL Knob This knob adjusts the operating frequency in the SSB/CW/DATA modes. You may change the knobs function to also adjust frequency in AM/FM mode via the Menu Mode. When the Clarifier is activated, this knob adjusts the receiver offset frequency. FAST Switch Pressing this button will increase or decrease the tuning rate of the [MAIN DIAL] knob by a factor of ten and also increase or decrease the tuning rate of the [DSP/SEL] knob by a factor of two. A=B Switch Press this button momentarily to transfer data from VFO-A frequency (or a recalled memory channel) to VFO-B, overwriting the previous contents in VFO-B. Use this key to set both VFO-A and VFO-B to the same frequency and mode. FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 5 DISPLAY INDICATIONS Display PHONES C.S V/M VOX STO PMS SCAN RCL KEY ON/OFF MIC -SHIFT+ DSP/SEL MODE MODE SQL/RF GAIN A=B A/B DSP ATT/IPO NB AGC BAND BAND TUNE STEP SPLIT F AF GAIN KEYER CLAR FAST LOCK Meter While receiving, the received signal strength is displayed. While transmitting, the meter displays PO, ALC, or SWR (determined by the [METER/DIM] button). DSP Graphic Display : The peak position of the CONTOUR Filter is depicted graphically here when the CONTOUR Filter is activated. : The null position of the IF Notch Filter is depicted graphically here when the IF Notch Filter is activated. : Indicates the Noise Reduction level of the Digital Noise Reducer. : Indicates the bandwidth of the DSP IF filter. : Indicates the peak position of the DSP IF filter. Page 6 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL DISPLAY INDICATIONS Block Diagram Display : Indicates the antenna status. When the antenna system became abnormality, this indicator will blink. : Indicates the RF attenuator status ("ON" or "OFF") selected for operation by the [ATT/IPO] button. : Indicates that the front-end RF pre-amplifier is removed from the receiver circuit. The incoming signal is fed direct to the first mixer. : Indicates the 10 kHz Roofing Filter status. This is always turned on. : Indicates the Noise Blanker status ("ON" or "OFF"). : Indicates the AGC decay time. Frequency Display The operating frequency is displayed. : This indicator appears during transmission. : This indicator appears whenever the receiver squelch is open. : This indicator appears when the optional ATU-450 Internal Automatic Antenna Tuner is activated. / / / / / / / : Displays the currently selected operating mode. : Displays the current CTCSS operation while in FM mode. : Displays the Repeater Shift Direction while in FM mode. : This indicator appears whenever the VOX (automatic voice-actuated transmitter switching) circuit is activated. : This indicator appears while the voice recorder is recording the receiver audio. This indicator blinks while the voice recorder is playing back the recorded audio. : This indicator appears whenever the internal CW keyer is activated. : This indicator appears whenever the CW break-in operation is activated. : This indicator appears when the [MAIN DIAL] knob's tuning rate is set to fast. : This indicator appears when the [MAIN DIAL] knob is locked. : This indicator appears whenever the Menu Mode is engaged. : This indicator appears whenever the Clarifier function is activated. : This indicator appears whenever Split-frequency operation is activated. : This indicator appears when the alternate key functions of the six command buttons located on the upper right corner of the front panel is activated. FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 7 REAR PANEL JACKS DC IN Jack This is the DC power supply connection for the transceiver. Use the supplied DC cable to connect directly to the car battery or to a DC power supply, which must be capable of supplying at least 22 A @13.8 VDC. ANT Jack Connect your antenna here, using a type-M (PL-259) coaxial connector and 50 Ohm coaxial feedline. Warning!: High Power RF voltage is present at the TX RF section of the transceiver while transmitting. Absolutely! Do not touch the TX RF section while transmitting. - + (viewed from rear panel) COOLING FAN Turns at low speed in receive mode. Turns at high speed when the temperature begins to rise or in transmit mode. INPUT DC 13.8V 22A ANT DATA TUNER LINEAR CAT EXT GND SPKR GND Terminal For safety and optimum performance, use this terminal to connect the transceiver to a good earth ground. Use a large diameter, short braided cable for making ground connections. Refer to page 12 for other notes about proper grounding. EXT SPKR Jack This 3.5-mm, 2-pin jack provides variable audio output for an external speaker. The audio output impedance at this jack is 4 - 16 Ohms and the level varies according to the setting of the front panel's [AF GAIN] knob. Inserting a plug into this jack disables the internal loudspeaker. CAT Jack N/A CTS RTS This 9-pin serial DB-9 jack allows external computer control of the FTGND Connect to 450. Connect a (straight) serial cable Connect to SERIAL OUT here and to the RS-232C COM port SERIAL IN on your personal computer (no external interface is required). (viewed from rear panel) Connect to LINEAR Jack This 10-pin output jack provides band selection data, which may be used for control of the optional VL-1000 SolidState Linear Amplifier. TX GND OUT GND +13.8V OUT BAND DATA-A (LSB) TX INH IN BAND DATA-B EXT ALC IN BAND DATA-D (MSB) TXREG IN BAND DATA-C (viewed from rear panel) TUNER Jack This 8-pin jack is used for Connection to the FC-30 or FC-40 External Automatic Antenna Tuner. +13.8V OUT GND TUNER SENSE TX GND OUT RXD TXD TX INH IN RESET OUT (viewed from rear panel) DATA Jack This 6-pin input/output jack provides receiver audio and squelch signals, and accepts transmit (AFSK) audio and PTT control, from an external packet TNC. DATA IN DATA PTT DATA OUT GND FSK IN SQL OUT (viewed from rear panel) Page 8 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL SUPPLIED MH-67A8J MICROPHONE PTT Switch Press this switch to transmit, and release it to receive after your transmission is completed. MIC The microphone is located here. Speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. The microphone should be positioned within 2 inches (5 cm) from the mouth for optimum performance. FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 9 ACCESSORIES & OPTIONS SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES Hand Microphone (MH-67A8J) DC Power Cord with Fuse Fuse Operation Manual Warranty Card 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc 1 pc P/N: M3090122A P/N: T9023725 P/N: Q0000074 AVAILABLE OPTIONS Internal Automatic Antenna Tuner External Automatic Antenna Tuner External Automatic Antenna Tuner (for Wire Antenna) Active-Tuning Antenna System Active-Tuning Antenna System Solid-State Linear Amplifier/AC Power Supply Band Data Cable (for VL-1000) Desktop Microphone DTMF Hand Microphone Hand Microphone Lightweight Stereo Headphone Mobile Mounting Bracket Carrying Handle ATU-450 FC-30 FC-40 ATAS-25 ATAS-120A VL-1000 / VP-1000 CT-118 MD-100 MH-36E8J MH-31A8J YH-77STA MMB-90 MHG-1 Page 10 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL INSTALLATION CONNECTION OF ANTENNA AND POWER SUPPLY The FT-450 is designed for use with any antenna system providing a 50 Ohm resistive impedance at the desired operating frequency. Every effort should be made to ensure the impedance of the antenna system is as close as possible to the specified 50-Ohm value. Note that the "G5RV" type antenna does not provide 50-Ohm impedance on all HF Amateur bands, and an external wide-range antenna coupler must be used with this antenna type. Any antenna to be used with the FT-450 must, ultimately, be fed with 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Therefore, when using a "balanced" antenna such as a dipole, remember that a balun or other matching/balancing device must be used to ensure proper antenna performance. CAUTION Permanent damage can result if improper supply voltage, or reverse-polarity voltage, is applied to the FT-450. The Limited Warranty on this transceiver does not cover damage caused by application of AC voltage, reversed polarity DC, or DC voltage outside the specified range of 13.8V ±10%. When replacing fuses, be certain to use a fuse of the proper rating. The FT-450 requires a 25A fastblow fuse. AC Power Supply 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 20 30 40 ANTENNA V A FT-450 INPUT DC 13.8V 22A POWER ON ANT OFF DATA TUNER LINE AR CAT EXT SPKR GND RED BLACK FUSE: 25A ABOUT COAXIAL CABLE Use high-quality 50-Ohm coaxial cable for the lead-in to your FT-450 transceiver. All efforts at providing an efficient antenna system will be wasted if poor quality, lossy coaxial cable is used. This transceiver utilizes standard "M" ("PL-259") type connector. 1/16'' 3/4'' 1 1/8'' Adapter 3/4'' 1/8'' 3/8'' 5/8'' TYPICAL PL-259 INSTALLATION FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 11 INSTALLATION GROUNDING The FT-450 transceiver, like any other HF communications apparatus, requires an effective ground system for maximum electrical safety and best communications effectiveness. A good ground system can contribute to station efficiency in a number of ways: It can minimize the possibility of electrical shock to the operator. It can minimize RF currents flowing on the shield of the coaxial cable and the chassis of the transceiver. Such currents may lead to radiation, which can cause interference to home entertainment devices or laboratory test equipment. It can minimize the possibility of erratic transceiver/accessory operation caused by RF feedback and/or improper current flow through logic devices. An effective earth ground system may take several forms. For a more complete discussion, see an appropriate RF engineering text. The information below is intended only as a guideline. Typically, the ground connection consists of one or more copper-clad steel rods, driven into the ground. If multiple ground rods are used, they should be positioned in a "V" configuration, and bonded together at the apex of the "V" which is nearest the station location. Use a heavy, braided cable (such as the discarded shield from type RG-213 coaxial cable) and strong cable clamps to secure the braided cable(s) to the ground rods. Be sure to weatherproof the connections to ensure many years of reliable service. Use the same type of heavy, braided cable for the connections to the station ground bus (described below). Inside of the station, a common ground bus consisting of a copper pipe of at least 25 mm (1") diameter should be used. An alternative station ground bus may consist of a wide copper plate (single-sided circuit board material is ideal) secured to the bottom of the operating desk. Grounding connections from individual devices such as transceivers, power supplies, and data communications devices (TNCs, etc.) should be made directly to the ground bus using a heavy, braided cable. Do not make ground connections from one electrical device to another, and thence to the ground bus. This socalled "Daisy-Chain" grounding technique may nullify any attempt at effective radio frequency grounding. See the drawing below for examples of proper grounding techniques. Inspect the ground system - inside the station as well as outside - on a regular basis so as to ensure maximum performance and safety. Besides following the above guidelines carefully, note that household or industrial gas lines must never be used in an attempt to establish an electrical ground. Cold water pipes may, in some instances, help in the grounding effort, but gas lines represent a significant explosion hazard, and must never be used. Transceiver Linear Amplifier TNC PROPER GROUND CONNECTION Transceiver Linear Amplifier TNC "Daisy Chain" IMPROPER GROUND CONNECTION Page 12 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL INSTALLATION VL-1000 LINEAR AMPLIFIER INTERCONNECTION Be sure that both the FT-450 and VL-1000 are turned off, then follow the installation recommendations contained in the illustration. Note: Ì Please refer to the VL-1000 Operating Manual for details regarding amplifier operation. Ì Please do not attempt to connect or disconnect coaxial cables when your hands are wet. ANTENNA CABLE (Not Supplied) HF Vertical Antenna HF Dipole Antenna HF Beam Antenna DC 13.8 V To link the FT-450 and VL1000 Power switches, set the VL-1000 REMOTE switch to the "ON" position. INPUT 1 REMOTE ON OFF ANT 1 ANT 2 ANT 1 ANT 3 INPUT ANT PTT 1 INPUT 1 ANT 2 INPUT DC 13.8V 22A ANT BAND DATA 1 PTT 2 INPUT 2 ALC 1 ANT 3 ALC 2 CONTROL ANT 4 DATA TUNER LINEAR CAT EXT SPKR GND DC48V IN GND BAND DATA 2 BAND-DATA 2 DC 48V IN ALC 2 GND GND VP-1000 CONTROL FUSE LINEAR CT-118 CONNECTION CABLE (Option) INTERFACING TO OTHER LINEAR AMPLIFIER The T/R control line is a transistor "open collector" circuit, capable of handling positive amplifier relay coil voltages of up to +50V DC and current of up to 400 mA. If you plan on using multiple linear amplifiers for different bands, you must provide external band-switching of the "Lin Tx" relay control line from the "TX GND OUT" line at the LINEAR jack. Important Note! Do not exceed the maximum voltage or current ratings for the "TX GND OUT" line at the LINEAR jack. This line is not compatible with negative DC voltages, nor AC voltages of any magnitude. Most amplifier control relay systems require only low DC voltage/current switching capability (typically, +12V DC at 25 ~ 75 mA), and the switching transistor in the FT-450 will easily accommodate such amplifiers. HF Antenna DC 13.8 V INPUT DC 13.8V 22A ANT RF OUT DATA TUNER LINEAR CAT EXT GND SPKR RF IN INPUT 1 INPUT ANT 1 ANT 1 GND VP-1000 AC E ALC E RY GND GND EXT ALC IN TX GND OUT FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL GND Page 13 EASY OPERATION [POWER(ON/OFF)] switch [BAND ]/[BAND ] button PHONES C.S V/M VOX STO PMS SCAN RCL KEY ON/OFF MIC -SHIFT+ DSP/SEL MODE MODE SQL/RF GAIN A=B A/B DSP ATT/IPO NB AGC BAND BAND TUNE STEP SPLIT F AF GAIN KEYER CLAR FAST LOCK [MAIN DIAL] knob [MODE ]/[MODE ] button [AF GAIN] knob [SQL/RF GAIN] knob RECEIVING 1. Connect your antenna to the ANT jack on the rear panel. 2. Connect the after-market DC power supply (or car battery) using the supplied DC power cable, and set the POWER switch of the DC power supply to on. 3. Press and hold in the [POWER(ON/OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver on. 4. Rotate the [SQL/RF GAIN] knob to the fully clockwise position. 5. Rotate the [AF GAIN] knob to set a comfortable audio level on incoming signals or noise. Clockwise rotation of the [AF GAIN] knob increases the volume level. 6. Press the [BAND ]/[BAND ] button to select the amateur band which you wish to begin operating. 7. Press the [MODE ]/[MODE ] button to select the desired operating mode. 8. Rotate the [MAIN DIAL] knob to set the desired frequency. TRANSMIT 1. Connect the supplied MH-67A8J to the MIC jack on the front panel. 2. To transmit, press the microphone's PTT (Push To Talk) switch, speak into the microphone in a normal voice level. 3. Release the PTT switch to return to the receive mode. NOTICE Regarding of the [DSP/SEL] knob The [DSP/SEL] knob is used for operating various functions depending on the situation. If you can not change the frequency/memory channel by tuning the [DSP/SEL] knob, the [DSP/SEL] knob is selected to operate of one of the DSP functions. In this case, press the [DSP] button several times until the ">" icon disappears from the DSP Graphic Display. Page 14 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL EASY OPERATION HOW TO USE THE [DSP/SEL] KNOB When a DSP function is not selected and no ">" icon is shown in the LCD Graphic Display, then turning the [DSP/SEL] knob controls the frequency in VFO mode, or selects the memory channel in memory mode, or selects the menu item in memory mode. In the VFO Mode, briefly depressing the [DSP/SEL] knob will permit frequency adjustment in 100 kHz steps (Default setting). (The 100 kHz operation may be changed with the"SELDIAL" menu function.) When a DSP function is selected, the ">" icon will appear next to the function in the LCD Graphic Display. Then pressing the [DSP/SEL] knob will switch the DSP function on or off. When the DSP function is on, turning the [DSP/SEL] knob will change the function parameters. ADVICE: You may change the function of the [DSP/SEL] knob via menu item "SELDIAL". [DSP/SEL] knob MENU OPERATION The Menu System allows you to customize a wide variety of transceiver performance aspects and operating characteristics. After you have initially customized the various Menu procedures, you will find that you will not have to resort to them frequently during everyday operation. 1. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to " icon will apenter the Menu Mode. The " pear on the display. 2. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select the Menu Item to be adjusted. 3. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to enable adjustment of the selected Menu Item. The " " icon will blink. 4. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to adjust or select the parameter to be changed. 5. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to save the selection. The icon appears continuously. 6. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to return to normal operation. [DSP/SEL] knob [F] button Menu Item or Menu Setting FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 15 EASY OPERATION HOW TO USE THE [VOICE/C.S] SWITCH You may set the [VOICE/C.S] button function to one of 52 functions via Menu Item "PNL-C.S". To assign a function to the [VOICE/C.S] button: 1. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to enter the Menu Mode. The " " icon will appear on the display. 2. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select Menu Item "PNL-C.S". 3. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to enable adjustment of this Menu Item. The " " icon will be blinking. 4. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select the desired function. 5. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob. The " " icon returns to appear continuously. 6. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to return to normal operation. Item MONI N/A P/B PLAY1 PLAY2 PLAY3 QSPL SPOT SQLOFF SWR TXW VCC VOICE2 VM1MONI VM1REC VM1TX VM2MONI VM2REC VM2TX DOWN FAST UP DSP ATT/IPO NB AGC MODEDN MODEUP DSP/SEL KEYER CLAR BANDDN BANDUP A=B A/B LOCK TUNE VOICE MW V/M HOME RCL VOX STO STEP SPLIT PMS SCAN MENU DIMMER MTR USER [VOICE/C.S] button [DSP/SEL] knob [F] button Function Activates the Monitor function. No Function. Activates the Digital Voice Recorder. Send the CW message, which is memorized in BEACON TEXT 1. Send the CW message, which is memorized in BEACON TEXT 2. Send the CW message, which is memorized in BEACON TEXT 3. Activates Quick Split Operation Generates a CW Spot Tone while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button when using CW mode. Opens the noise squelch while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button. Transmits a 10 watts carrier (CW mode) to measure the SWR ratio while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button. Monitor the transmit frequency while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button when Split Frequency operation is engaged. Display the DC supply voltage while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button. Announces the current S-meter reading, operating frequency (with resolution to the displayed 100 Hz digit), and operating mode. Play back the voice message, which is memorized in Voice Memory 1. Store the voice message into Voice Memory 1. Send the voice message, which is memorized in Voice Memory 1. Play back the voice message, which is memorized in Voice Memory 2. Store the voice message into Voice Memory 2. Send the voice message, which is memorized in Voice Memory 2. Decreases the VFO frequency by one step or moves the memory channel to the next-lowest channel while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [FAST] button. Increases the VFO frequency by one step or moves the memory channel to the next-highest channel while pressing the [VOICE/C.S] button Set to the same function as the front panel's [DSP] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [ATT/IPO] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [NB] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [AGC] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [MODE ] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [MODE ] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [DSP/SEL] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [KEYER] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [CLAR] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [BAND ] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [BAND ] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [A=B] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [A/B] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [LOCK] button. Set to the same function as the front panel's [TUNE] button. Announce the current operating frequency (with resolution to the displayed 100 Hz digit) and operating mode. Copies the current operating data from the VFO into the currently selected memory channel. Toggles frequency control between VFO and memory system. Recall the "Home" (favorite frequency) channel. Recall the QMB (Quick Memory Bank) memory. Activate the VOX (automatic voice-actuated transmitter switching ) feature. Copies operating data into QMB (Quick Memory Bank) Memory. Enables the setting of the frequency step of the [DSP/SEL] knob by the [DSP/SEL] knob. Activates split frequency operation between VFO-A and VFO-B. Engages Programmable Memory Scan (PMS). Initiates the upward scanning of VFO frequencies or memory channels ). Engage the "Menu" mode. Enables adjustment of the display dimmer level by the [DSP/SEL] knob. Change the meter function in the transmit mode. This parameter is for future expansion of the transceiver's capabilities. Do not select this parameter. Page 16 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL EASY OPERATION KEY DURATION SETTING The duration that buttons are held determines the function they activate. Factory default is one second. Pressing a button for less than one second activates one function. Pressing and holding the button in for longer than one second activates another function. The default one second release time can be changed to a shorter or longer duration, if desired. To do this: 1. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to enter the Menu Mode. The " " icon will appear on the display. 2. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select the Menu Item "EXT MNU". 3. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to enable adjustment of this menu item. The " " icon will be blinking. 4. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select "ON" to expand the menu item. 5. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob. The " " icon returns to appear continuously. 6. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to save the new setting and return to normal operation. 7. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to enter the Menu mode again. The " " icon will appear on the display. 8. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select menu item "KEYHOLD". 9. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to enable adjustment of this menu item. The " " icon will be blinking. 10. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to set the desired duration time. Available selections are 0.5/1.0/1.5/ 2.0 sec. (default value: 1.0 sec). You may Press the [HOME/RCL] button to reset the duration time to the factory default. 11. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob. The " " icon returns to appear continuously. 12. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to save the new setting and return to normal operation. [HOME/RCL] button [DSP/SEL] knob [F] button FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 17 EASY OPERATION RESETTING THE MICROPROCESSOR The FT-450 has three reset methods. VFO/MEMORY RESET Use this procedure to reset (clear out) the Memory channels (Except the QMB channel) previously stored and VFO data, without affecting any configuration changes you may have made to the Menu settings. 1. Press and hold in the [POWER(ON/OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver off. 2. Press and hold the [MW/(V/M)] button. While holding it in, press and hold in the [POWER(ON/ OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver on. Once the transceiver comes on, you may release the [MW/(V/M)] button. [ON/OFF] switch [MW/(V/M)] button MENU MODE RESET Use this procedure to restore the Menu settings to their factory defaults, without affecting the memories you have programmed. 1. Press and hold in the [POWER(ON/OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver off. 2. Press and hold the [F] button. While holding it in, press and hold in the [POWER(ON/OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver on. Once the transceiver comes on, you may release the [F] button. [ON/OFF] switch [F] button FULL RESET Use this procedure to restore all Menu and Memory settings to their original factory defaults. All Memories will be cleared by this procedure. 1. Press and hold in the [POWER(ON/OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver off. 2. Press and hold the [HOME/RCL] button. While holding it in, press and hold in the [POWER(ON/ OFF)] switch for one second to turn the transceiver on. Once the transceiver comes on, you may release the [HOME/RCL] button. [ON/OFF] switch [HOME\RCL] button Page 18 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL RECEIVING TUNING STEPS The tuning step of the [MAIN DIAL] knob and the [DSP/SEL] knob is different depending on the operating mode. OPERATING KNOB [MAIN DIAL] [DSP/SEL] 1 MODE LSB/USB 1/10/20 Hz 1.0/2.5/5.0 kHz CW 1/10/20 Hz 1.0/2.5/5.0 kHz AM 100/200 Hz 2 2.5/5.0/9.0/10/12.5/25 kHz FM 100/200 Hz 2 5.0/6.25/10/12.5/15/20/25/50 kHz DATA 10/20 Hz 1.0/2.5/5.0 kHz 1: When you press the [DSP/SEL] knob, the tuning step of the [DSP/SEL] knob changes to 100 kHz in all modes. 2: In the factory default, the [MAIN DIAL] knob does not tune the AM and FM modes. However, you may activate the [MAIN DIAL ] knob on the AM and FM mode via Menu Item "A&FDIAL". [FAST] button [DSP/SEL] knob [MAIN DIAL] knob NOTICE Regarding of the [DSP/SEL] knob The [DSP/SEL] knob is used for operating various functions depending on the situation. If you can not change the frequency/memory channel by tuning the [DSP/SEL] knob, the [DSP/SEL] knob is selected to operate of one of the DSP functions. In this case, press the [DSP] button several times until the ">" icon disappears from the DSP Graphic Display. Pressing the [FAST] button will increase or decrease the tuning rate of the [MAIN DIAL] knob by a factor of ten and also increase or decrease the tuning rate of the [DSP/SEL] knob by a factor of two. CHANGE THE TUNING STEP OF THE [MAIN DIAL] KNOB 1. Set the operating mode by pressing the [MODE ]/[MODE ] button. 2. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to " icon will apenter the Menu mode. The " pear on the display. 3. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select the menu item "DIALSTP". 4. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to enable adjustment of this menu item. The " " icon will be blinking. 5. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select the desired tuning step described above. (You may Press the [HOME/RCL] button to reset the tuning step to the factory default.) 6. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob. The " " icon is displayed continuously. 7. Press and hold the [F] button for one second to save the new setting and return to normal operation. [DSP/SEL] button [HOME/RCL] button [MODE ]/[MODE ] button [F] button CHANGE THE TUNING STEP OF THE [DSP/SEL] KNOB 1. Set the operating mode by pressing the [MODE ]/[MODE ] button. 2. Press the [F] button momentarily. 3. Press the [STEP/SPLIT] button. 4. Rotate the [DSP/SEL] knob to select the desired tuning step described above. 5. Press the [DSP/SEL] knob to save the new setting and return to normal operation. [DSP/SEL] knob [STEP/SPLIT] button [MODE ]/[MODE ] button [F] button FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL Page 19 RECEIVING ABOUT THE [UP]/[DWN] BUTTONS OF THE OPTIONAL MH-31A8J AND MD-100A8X The microphone's [UP]/[DWN] buttons utilize the tuning steps of the [MAIN DIAL] knob on the SSB/ CW/DATA mode, and utilize the tuning steps of the [DSP/SEL] knob on the AM/FM mode. In the factory default, the microphone's [FST] button does not activate. However, you may activate the microphone's [FST] button via the Menu Item "P M-FST". NOTE: The microphone holder is affixed to the place where is contacted to the ground (for example, the chassis of your car), and the microphone is hooked on the microphone holder, the [FST] function becomes "ON". We recommend that not to contact the microphone holder to the ground, nor set menu item "P M-FST" to "N/A". [FST] Button [UP] Button [DWN] Button DWN FST UP DYNAMIC MICROPHONE MH-31 CLARIFIER You may change the receiving frequency only without changing the transmit frequency. 1. Press the [CLAR] button to activate the clarifier. " icon will appear on the display. The " 2. Rotate the [MAIN DIAL] knob to tune the desired receive frequency. (Offset of up to ±9.99 kHz may be set using the clarifier.) The offset frequency will appear at the bottom right corner of the display. 3. Press the [CLAR] button again to disable the clarifier. The " " icon will disappear from the display. Clarifier Offset [MAIN DIAL] knob [CLAR] button NOTE: Even when the clarifier is disabled, the variance of the clarifier remains (both TX and RX frequencies). Press and hold in the [CLAR] button for one second to clear the clarifier offset, meaning the receiving frequency is equal to the transmit frequency. When the [MAIN DIAL] knob is rotated to change the frequency after disabling the clarifier, the clarifier offset becomes "zero", meaning the receiving frequency is equal to the transmit frequency. When the receiving frequency is higher than transmit frequency, "+" will be appended to the offset frequency. When the receiving frequency is lower than transmit frequency, "­" will be appended to the offset frequency. You may assign the CLAR function to the [DSP/ SEL] knob via the Menu Item "CLAR". Page 20 FT-450 OPERATION MANUAL