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User manual YAESU FT-857
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User guide YAESU FT-857
Detailed instructions for use are in the User's Guide. OPERATING MANUAL
VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD.
4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan
VERTEX STANDARD
US Headquarters 10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A. International Division 8350 N.W. 52nd Terrace, Suite 201, Miami, FL 33166, U.S.A.
YAESU EUROPE B.V.
P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands
YAESU UK LTD.
Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K.
VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD.
Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Contents
Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Specifications ................................................................... 2 Accessories & Options ................................................... 4 Installation ....................................................................... 5 Preliminary Inspection ................................................. 5 Installation Tips ........................................................... 5 Safety Information ....................................................... 6 Installing the Microphone and Front Panel ................ 7 Power connections ....................................................... 8 Grounding .................................................................. 10 Mobile Station Grounding .................................... 10 Base Station Earth Grounding.............................. 11 Antenna Considerations ............................................ 12 Mobile Antenna Installations ............................... 12 Base Station Antenna Installations ...................... 13 RF Field Exposure ..................................................... 14 Electromagnetic Compatibility .................................. 15 Heat and Ventilation .................................................. 15 Linear Amplifier Interfacing ...................................... 16 CW Key/Keyer Connections ..................................... 17 Receiver Accessories (Tape Recorder etc.) ............. 18 Adjusting the Front Feet ............................................ 18 Front Panel Control & Switches ................................. 20 Multi Function Key Detail ......................................... 24 Rear panel Connectors ................................................ 32 Operation ....................................................................... 34 Turning the Transceiver On and Off ......................... 34 Operating Band Selection .......................................... 34 Mode Selection .......................................................... 34 Adjusting the Audio Volume Level .......................... 35 Menu Quick Start ...................................................... 35 Adjusting the RF Gain and Squelch .......................... 36 Setting the Operating Frequency ............................... 36 Changing the Dial Speed ........................................... 37 Stacked VFO System ................................................ 37 Receiver Accessories .................................................... 38 Locking Front Panel Controls ................................... 38 Clarifier ...................................................................... 39 IF Shift ....................................................................... 40 AGC ........................................................................... 41 Noise Blanker ............................................................ 41 IPO ............................................................................. 42 ATT (Front End Attenuator) ..................................... 42 DSP Bandpass Filter (DBP) ...................................... 43 DSP CW Peaking Filter (DBF) ................................. 44 DSP Noise Reduction (DNR) ................................... 44 DSP Notch Filter (DNF) ........................................... 45 AM/FM Tuning Dial Operation ................................ 45 Automatic Power-Off Feature ................................... 46 Transmitter Operation ................................................ 48 SSB/AM Transmission .............................................. 48 Basic Setup/Operation .......................................... 48 VOX Operation .................................................... 49 AF Speech Processor Operation .......................... 50 DSP Microphone Equalizer ................................. 51 CW Transmission ...................................................... 52 Operation using Straight Key/External Keying Device .. 52 Using the Built-in Electronic Keyer ..................... 54 FM Transmission ....................................................... 56 Basic Setup/Operation .......................................... 56 Repeater Operation .............................................. 57 Tone Search Scanning .......................................... 58 DCS Operation ..................................................... 59 DCS Search Scanning .......................................... 59 Split Tone Operation ............................................ 60 ARTSTM Operation ............................................... 61 CW Identifier Setup ........................................ 62 Digital Mode Operation (SSB-Based AFSK) .......... 63 RTTY (Radio Tele Type) Operation ................... 63 PSK31 Operation .................................................. 64 "User" Defined Digital Modes ............................ 64 Packet (1200/9600 bps FM) Operation .................... 65 WeatherFax Monitoring ............................................ 66 Time-Out Timer ......................................................... 67 Split Frequency Operation ........................................ 67 ATAS-100/-120 Operation ....................................... 68 Automatic Tuning ................................................. 68 Manual Tuning ...................................................... 69 ATAS-100/-120 Operating Tips .......................... 70 FC-30 Automatic Antenna Tuner Operation ............ 71 Antenna Tuner Memory System .......................... 72 Memory Operation ....................................................... 73 QMB (Quick Memory Bank) Channels ................... 73 Memory Operation on "Regular" Memory Channel ........ 74 Normal Memory Storage ..................................... 74 Split-Frequency Memory Storage ........................ 75 Memory Channel Recall ...................................... 76 Masking ("Hiding") a Memory ............................ 77 Memory Operation on "HOME" Channel Memories ....... 78 Labeling Memories after Programming Channel Data ..... 79 Spectrum Scope Monitor ............................................. 80 Smart SearchTM ............................................................ 81 Scanning Operation ...................................................... 82 Scanning Features ...................................................... 82 Scanning Operation ................................................... 82 Scan-Resume Choices .......................................... 83 Scan Skip Programming (Memory Mode only) .. 83 "Priority Channel" Scanning ..................................... 85 Programmable Memory Scan (PMS) Operation ...... 86 Dual Watch Operation ............................................... 87 Miscellaneous Settings ................................................. 88 Operation on Alaska Emergency Frequency: 5167.5 kHz ... 88 CW Training Feature ................................................. 89 Programming the Panel Key Functions ..................... 89 Beacon Feature .......................................................... 90 Beacon Text Storage ............................................ 90 Beacon Text Sending (On the Air) ...................... 91 Display Customization .............................................. 92 Display Lamp Mode ............................................. 92 Display Contrast ................................................... 92 Display Dimmer ................................................... 92 Display Color ....................................................... 93 Menu Operation ........................................................... 94 CAT (Computer Aided Transceiver) Operation . 113 Power-On Microprocessor Reset Procedures ........ 117 Cloning ......................................................................... 118 Installation Optional Accessories ............................. 119 Optional Digital Signal Processing Unit DSP-2 ............ 119 Optional Filters:YF-122S, YF-122C, and YF-122CN .... 120 Optional High Stability Reference Oscillator TCXO-9 .. 121 Appendix ...................................................................... 122 Setup of Memories for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) FM Satellite Operation ....... 122 MH-59A8J Remote Microphone .............................. 125
INTRODUCTION
HOME
AF
L SQ /R F
CLAR
SELECT
FUNC
The FT-857 is a rugged, innovative multiband, multimode mobile/portable transceiver for the amateur radio MF/HF/VHF/UHF bands. Providing coverage of the 160-10 meter bands plus the 6 m, 2 m, and 70 cm bands, the FT-857 includes operation on the SSB, CW, AM, FM, and Digital modes, yielding the most comprehensive performance package available for mobile and field operation. Engineered for high performance, the FT-857 provides 100 watts power output on the 160 through 6 meter bands, 50 watts power output on 2 meters, and 20 watts output on 70 centimeters. The multi-function Liquid-Crystal Display includes attractive backlighting (32 colors available!). The display includes bar-graph indication of power output, ALC voltage, SWR, modulation level, and/or signal strength. Also included are a number of operating status icons, as well as the function displays for the three operating function keys ([A], [B], and [C]) . Among the advanced features of the FT-857 are many incorporated only in large basestation transceivers. These include Dual VFOs; Split-Frequency operation; Digital Signal Processing (Bandpass Filtering, Noise Reduction, Auto-Notch, and Microphone Equalizer); IF Shift; Clarifier ("R.I.T."); IF Noise Blanker; AGC Fast/Slow/Auto/Off selection; RF Gain and Squelch control; IPO (Intercept Point Optimization) and a receiver front-end Attenuator; AM Aircraft reception; AM and FM Broadcast reception; U.S. Weather Band reception; VOX; Built-in Electronic Keyer with Memories and a Beacon mode; Adjustable CW Pitch; Automatic FM Repeater Shift (ARS); Built-in CTCSS Encoder/Decoders; ARTSTM (AutoRange Transponder System); Smart SearchTM Automatic Memory Loading System; Spectrum Scope; 200 Memories plus Home Channels and Band-limiting Memories; Alpha-Numeric Labeling of Memories; Automatic Power-Off (APO) and Time-Out Timer (TOT) functions; Computer Interface capability; and Cloning capability. We urge you to read this manual in its entirety, so as to gain a full understanding of the amazing capability of the exciting new FT-857 Transceiver.
FT-857 Operating Manual
1
SPECIFICATIONS
General
Frequency Range: Receive: 0.1-56 MHz, 76-108 MHz, 118-164 MHz, 420-470 MHz Transmit: 160 - 6 Meters, 2 Meters, 70 Centimeters (Amateur bands only) A1 (CW), A3 (AM), A3J (LSB/USB), F3 (FM), F1 (9600 bps packet), F2 (1200 bps packet) 10 Hz (CW/SSB), 100 Hz (AM/FM/WFM) 50 Ohms, Unbalanced 14 ºF to 140 ºF (10 °C to +60 °C) ±4 ppm from 1 min. to 60 min after power on. @25 °C: 1 ppm/hour ±0.5 ppm/1 hour @25 °C, after warmup (with optional TCXO-9) Normal: 13.8 VDC ±15 %, Negative Ground Squelched: 550 mA (Approx.) Receive: 1 A Transmit: 22 A 6.1" x 2.0" x 9.2" (155 x 52 x 233 mm) 4.6 lb. (2.1 kg)
Emission Modes: Synthesizer Steps (Min.): Antenna Impedance: Operating Temp. Range: Frequency Stability:
Supply Voltage: Current Consumption:
Case Size (W x H x D): Weight (Approx.):
Transmitter
SSB/CW/FM AM Carrier 160- 6 M: 100 W 25 W 2 M: 50 W 12.5 W 70 CM: 20 W 5W Modulation Types: SSB: Balanced Modulator, AM: Early Stage (Low Level), FM: Variable Reactance FM Maximum Deviation: ±5 kHz (FM-N: ±2.5 kHz) Spurious Radiation: 50 dB (1.8-29.7 MHz) 60 dB (50/144/430 MHz) Carrier Suppression: >40 dB Opp. Sideband Suppression: >50 dB SSB Frequency Response: 400 Hz-2600 Hz (6 dB) Microphone Impedance: 200-10k Ohms (Nominal: 600 Ohms) RF Power Output: (@13.8 V DC)
2
FT-857 Operating Manual
SPECIFICATIONS
Receiver
Circuit Type: Intermediate Frequencies: Sensitivity: Double-Conversion Superheterodyne (SSB/CW/AM/FM) Superheterodyne (WFM) 1st: 68.33 MHz (SSB/CW/AM/FM); 10.7 MHz (WFM) 2nd: 455 kHz SSB/CW AM FM 100 kHz-1.8 MHz 32 µV 1.8 MHz-28 MHz 0.2 µV 2 µV 28 MHz-30 MHz 0.2 µV 2 µV 0.5 µV 50 MHz-54 MHz 0.125 µV 1 µV 0.2 µV 144/430 MHz 0.125 µV 0.2 µV (SSB/CW/AM = 10 dB S/N, FM = 12 dB SINAD) SSB/CW/AM FM 100 kHz-1.8 MHz 1.8 MHz-28 MHz 2.5 µV 28 MHz-30 MHz 2.5 µV 0.32 µV 50 MHz-54 MHz 1 µV 0.16 µV 144/430 MHz 0.5 µV 0.16 µV HF/50 MHz: 70 dB, 144/430 MHz: 60 dB 60 dB SSB/CW: 2.2 kHz/4.5 kHz AM: 6 kHz/20 kHz FM: 15 kHz/30 kHz FM-N: 9 kHz/25 kHz SSB (optional YF-122S installed): 2.3 kHz/4.7 kHz (66 dB) CW (option YF-122C installed): 500 Hz/2.0 kHz CW (option YF-122CN installed): 300 Hz/1.0 kHz 2.5 W (@4 Ohms, 10% THD or less) 4-16 Ohms
Squelch Sensitivity:
Image Rejection: IF Rejection: Selectivity (6/60 dB):
AF Output: AF Output Impedance:
Specifications are subject to change without notice, and are guaranteed within the amateur bands only.
FT-857 Operating Manual
3
ACCESSORIES & OPTIONS
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES
Hand Microphone MH-31A8J ............................................................................................... 1 Mobile Mounting Bracket MMB-82 .................................................................................... 1 DC Power Cord ..................................................................................................................... 1 Operating Manual ................................................................................................................. 1 Warranty Card ....................................................................................................................... 1
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
FP-1030A DSP-2 YF-122S YF-122C YF-122CN TCXO-9 MD-200A8X MH-36E8J MH-59A8J YSK-857 FC-30 ATAS-100 ATAS-120 ATBK-100 VL-1000 CT-62 CT-39A CT-58 External AC Power Supply (25A) Digital Signal Processing Unit Collins SSB Filter (2.3 kHz/4.7 kHz: 6 dB/66 dB) Collins CW Filter (500 Hz/2 kHz: 6 dB/60 dB) Collins CW Filter (300 Hz/1 kHz: 6 dB/60 dB) TCXO Unit (±0.5 ppm) Desktop Microphone DTMF Microphone Remote Control Microphone Separation Kit External Automatic Antenna Tuner Active-Tuning Antenna System Active-Tuning Antenna System VHF/UHF Antenna Base/Counterpoise Kit Solid-State Linear Amplifier CAT Interface Cable Packet Cable BAND DATA Cable
4
FT-857 Operating Manual
INSTALLATION
This chapter describes the installation procedure for integrating the FT-857 into a typical amateur radio station. It is presumed that you possess technical knowledge and conceptual understanding consistent with your status as a licensed radio amateur. Please take some extra time to make certain that the important safety and technical requirements detailed in this chapter are followed closely.
PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
Inspect the transceiver visually immediately upon opening the packing carton. Confirm that all controls and switches work freely, and inspect the cabinet for any damage. Gently shake the transceiver to verify that no internal components have been shaken loose due to rough handling during shipping. If any evidence of damage is discovered, document it thoroughly and contact the shipping company (or your local dealer, if the unit was purchased over-the-counter) so as to get instructions regarding the prompt resolution of the damage situation. Be certain to save the shipping carton, especially if there are any punctures or other evidence of damage incurred during shipping; if it is necessary to return the unit for service or replacement, use the original packing materials but put the entire package inside another packing carton, so as to preserve the evidence of shipping damage for insurance purposes.
INSTALLATION TIPS
To ensure long life of the components, be certain to provide adequate ventilation around the cabinet of the FT-857. Do not install the transceiver on top of another heat-generating device (such as a power supply or amplifier), and do not place equipment, books, or papers on top of the FT-857. Avoid heating vents and window locations that could expose the transceiver to excessive direct sunlight, especially in hot climates. The FT-857 should not be used in an environment where the ambient temperature exceeds 140º F (+60 °C).
FT-857 Operating Manual
5
INSTALLATION
SAFETY INFORMATION
The FT-857 is an electrical apparatus, as well as a generator of RF (Radio Frequency) energy, and you should exercise all safety precautions as are appropriate for this type of device. These safety tips apply to any device installed in a well-designed amateur radio station. Never allow unsupervised children to play in the vicinity of your transceiver or antenna installation. Be certain to wrap any wire or cable splices thoroughly with insulating electrical tape, to prevent short circuits. Do not route cables or wires through door jambs or other locations where, through wear and tear, they may become frayed and shorted to ground or to each other. Do not stand in front of a directional antenna while you are transmitting into that antenna. Do not install a directional antenna in any location where humans or pets may be walking in the main directional lobe of the antenna's radiation pattern. In mobile installations, it is preferable to mount your antenna on top of the roof of the vehicle, if feasible, so as to utilize the car body as a counterpoise for the antenna and raise the radiation pattern as far away from passengers as possible. During vehicular operation when stopped (in a parking lot, for example), make it a practice to switch to Low power if there are people walking nearby. Never wear dual-earmuff headphones while driving a vehicle. Do not attempt to drive your vehicle while making a telephone call on an autopatch using the DTMF microphone. Pull over to the side of the road, whether dialing manually.
6
FT-857 Operating Manual
INSTALLATION
INSTALLING THE MICROPHONE AND FRONT PANEL
1. Insert the microphone's plug into the recessed jack on the transceiver, as shown in the illustration. 2. You may position the microphone cable so as to cause it to exit from the side or the bottom of the transceiver. Just route the cable into the appropriate channel provided, as shown in the illustration. 3. Connect the Control cable between the Front Panel and Transceiver Body. 4. Install the Front Panel by sliding it into the position shown; you will hear a "click" when the panel locks into place. 5. To remove the Front Panel, use your left thumb to push rearward (slightly) the latch on the left-hand of the panel, then slide the Front Panel to the right and away from the transceiver.
DSP TX/BUSY MODE
DWN
UP
BAND
FT-857 Operating Manual
7
INSTALLATION
POWER CONNECTIONS
The DC power connector for the FT-857 must only be connected to a DC source providing 13.8 Volts DC (±15%), and capable of at least 22 Amperes of current. Always observe proper polarity when making DC connections: The Red DC power lead connects to the Positive (+) DC terminal; and the Black DC power lead connects to the Negative () DC terminal. In mobile installations, noise pickup may be minimized by connecting the DC cable directly to your vehicle's battery, rather than to the ignition switch or "accessory" circuitry. Direct connection to the battery also provides the best voltage stability.
To 144 MHz/430 MHz Antenna
To HF/50 MHz Antenna
Cigarette Lighter Plug
Fuse Box
12V Battery
FUSE: 25A
RED
BLACK
To 144 MHz/430 MHz Antenna
Supplied DC Cable
To HF/50 MHz Antenna
FP-1030A
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 20 30 40 V A
OVERLOAD
CONTINUOUS
CURRENT
25A
POWER ON
OFF
FUSE: 25A
RED
BLACK
Supplied DC Cable
8
FT-857 Operating Manual
INSTALLATION
POWER CONNECTIONS
Tips for Successful Mobile Installations: r Before connecting the DC cable to the battery, measure the voltage across the battery terminals with the engine running fast enough to show a charge. If the voltage is above 15 Volts, the vehicle's voltage regulator should be adjusted to reduce the charging voltage to 14 Volts or lower. r Route the DC cable as far away from the ignition cables as possible. r If the DC cable is not long enough, use #12 AWG (minimum) stranded, insulated wire to extend it. Be certain to solder the connections at the splice securely, and provide ample insulation for the soldered splice (heat shrink tubing plus black electrical tape work well). r Check the battery terminal connections frequently to be sure they are tight and not corroded. r When operating with the vehicle turned off, or operating from a stand-alone car battery (in a camp site, etc.), be mindful of the minimum operating voltage (11.73 Volts) for the FT-857. If the battery is not charged sufficiently to maintain at least 11¾ Volts at the radio, erratic operation or shut-down may occur. Caution Permanent damage can result if improper supply voltage, or reverse-polarity voltage, is applied to the FT-857. The Limited Warranty on this transceiver does not cover damage caused by application of AC voltage, reversed polarity DC, or DC voltage outside the specified range of 13.8V ±15%. Never attempt to connect the FT-857 to a 24-Volt battery system. When replacing fuses, be certain to use a fuse of the proper rating. The FT-857 requires a 25A fast-blow fuse.
MMB-82 Installation
FT-857 Operating Manual
9
INSTALLATION
GROUNDING
The provision of an effective ground system is important in any successful communications station. A good ground system can contribute to station efficiency in a number of ways: r It can minimize the possibility of electrical shock to the operator. r It can minimize RF currents flowing on the shield of the coaxial cable and the chassis of the transceiver which may cause interference to nearby home entertainment devices or laboratory test equipment. r It can minimize the possibility of erratic transceiver operation caused by RF feedback or improper current flow through logic devices. An effective earth ground system may take several forms; for a more complete discussion, see an appropriate RF engineering text. The information presented below is intended only as a guideline. Inspect the ground system inside the station as well as outside on a regular basis so as to ensure maximum performance and safety.
Mobile Station Grounding
Although satisfactory grounding in most installations will be achieved via the DC cable's negative lead and the antenna system's coaxial cable shield, it is often recommended that you provide a direct ground connection to the vehicle chassis at the mounting location of the transceiver (installation using the MMB-82 Mounting Bracket will accomplish this, if the MMB-82 itself is mounted to the vehicle's chassis). Due to unexpected resonances which may naturally occur in any location, improper communication system performance may result from insufficient grounding. These symptoms may include: r r r r r RF feedback (resulting in distortion on your transmitted signal); Unintended frequency change; Blinking or blanking of the frequency display; Noise pickup; and/or Loss of memory.
Note that these conditions may occur in any communications installation. The FT-857 includes extensive filtering designed to minimize the chance of such problems; however, random currents set up by insufficient RF grounding can nullify such filtering. Bonding the rear panel Ground lug of the FT-857 transceiver to the vehicle or vessel's ground system should clear up any such difficulties. Vertex Standard does not recommend the use of "on glass" mobile antennas unless the shield of the coaxial cable is securely grounded near the feedpoint of the antenna. Such antennas frequently are responsible for the ground-related difficulties described above.
10
FT-857 Operating Manual
INSTALLATION
GROUNDING
Base Station Earth Grounding
Typically, the ground connection consists of one or more copper-clad steel rods, driven into the ground. If multiple ground rods are used, they should be configured in a "V" configuration, and bonded together at the apex of the "V" which is nearest the station location. Use a heavy, braided cable (such as the discarded shield from type RG-213 coaxial cable) and strong cable clamps to secure the braided cables to the ground rods. Be sure to weatherproof the connections to ensure many years of reliable service. Use the same type of heavy, braided cable for the connections to the station ground bus (described below). Do not use gas line pipes in an attempt to provide a ground connection! To do so creates a serious risk of explosion!! Inside the station, a common ground bus consisting of a copper pipe of at least 1" (25 mm) diameter should be used. An alternative station ground bus may consist of a wide copper plate (single-sided circuit board material is ideal) secured to the bottom of the operating desk. Grounding connections from individual devices such as transceivers, power supplies, and data communications devices should be made directly to the ground bus using a heavy, braided cable. Do not make ground connections from one electrical device to another, and thence to the ground bus. This so-called "Daisy Chain" grounding technique may nullify any attempt at effective radio frequency grounding. See the drawings below for examples of proper and improper ground connections.
Improper Ground Connection
Transceiver Linear Amplifier Power Supply
Proper Ground Connection
Transceiver Linear Amplifier Power Supply
"Daisy Chain"
FT-857 Operating Manual
11
INSTALLATION
ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS
The antenna systems connected to your FT-857 transceiver are, of course, critically important in ensuring successful communications. The FT-857 is designed for use with any antenna system providing a 50 W resistive impedance at the desired operating frequency. While minor excursions from the 50 W specification are of no consequence, the power amplifier's protection circuitry will begin to reduce the power output of there is more than a 50% divergence from the specified impedance (less than 33 W or greater than 75 W, corresponding to a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) of 1.5:1). Two antenna jacks are provided on the rear panel of the FT-857. The "HF/50 MHz ANT" jack is used for HF and 50 MHz, while the "144/430 MHz ANT" jack is used for 144 MHz and 430 MHz. Guidelines for successful base and mobile station installations are shown below.
Mobile Antenna Installations
Mobile antennas for the HF bands, with the possible exception of those designed for 28 MHz, display very high "Q" due to the fact that they must be physically shortened, then resonated using a loading coil. Additional system bandwidth may be realized using the Yaesu FC-30 Automatic Antenna Tuner, which will present a 50 W impedance to your transceiver on the 1.8 ~ 50 MHz bands so long as the SWR on the coaxial line connected to the FC-30 is below 3:1. On the VHF and UHF bands, coaxial line losses increase so rapidly in the presence of SWR that we recommend that all impedance matching to 50 W be performed at the antenna feedpoint. Yaesu's Active-Tuned Antenna System (ATAS-100/-120) is a unique HF/VHF/UHF mobile antenna system, which provides automatic tuning when used with the FT-857. See page 68 for full details on the ATAS-100/-120. For VHF/UHF weak-signal (CW/SSB) operation, remember that the antenna polarization standard for these modes is horizontal, not vertical, so you must use a loop or otherwise horizontally-polarized antenna so as to avoid cross-polarization loss of signal strength (which can be 20 dB or more!). On HF, signals propagated via the ionosphere develop mixed polarizations, so antenna selection may be made strictly on mechanical considerations; vertical antennas are almost always utilized on HF for this reason. In mobile (and portable) installations, when vertical antennas are used, remember that the grounding of the base area of the antenna is critically important to proper operation. Since most HF vertical antennas emulate a quarter-wavelength "monopole" antenna, the "missing half" of the dipole antenna consists of a counterpoise of radial ground system. In a vehicle, if mounting the antenna to a door or hatch, it is recommended that you bond the door to the
12
FT-857 Operating Manual
INSTALLATION
ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS
rest of the vehicle's body, using a heavy braid bonded securely at both ends, to ensure that as much counterpoise as possible is secured. In portable operation, be sure to lay out radials (or otherwise construct a n image plane for the vertical monopole); it is not adequate simply to connect a vertical radiating element to the rear panel Antenna jack of this transceiver, without providing a suitable counterpoise.
Base Station Antenna Installations
When installing a "balanced" antenna such as a Yagi or dipole, remember that the FT-857 is designed for use with an (unbalanced) coaxial feedline. Always use a balun or other balancing device so as to ensure proper antenna system performance. Use high-quality 50 W coaxial cable for the lead-in to your FT-857 transceiver. All efforts at providing an efficient antenna system will be wasted if poor quality, lossy coaxial cable is used. Losses in coaxial lines increase as the frequency increases, so a coaxial line with 0.5 dB of loss at 7 MHz may have 6 dB of loss at 432 MHz (thereby consuming 75% of your transceiver's power output!). As a general rule, smaller-diameter coaxial cables tend to have higher losses than larger-diameter cables, although the precise differences depend on the cable construction, materials, and the quality of the connectors used with the cable. See the cable manufacturer's specifications for details. For reference, the chart below shows approximate loss figures for typically- available coaxial cables frequently used in HF installations. Loss in dB per 30 m (100 feet) for Selected 50-ohm Coaxial Cables
CABLE TYPE RG-58A RG-58 Foam RG-8X RG-8A, RG-213 RG-8 Foam Belden 9913 7/8" "Hardline" 1.8 MHZ 0.55 0.54 0.39 0.27 0.22 0.18 < 0.1 LOSS 28 MHZ 2.60 2.00 1.85 1.25 0.88 0.69 0.25 432 MHZ >10 8.0 7.0 5.9 3.7 2.9 1.3
Loss figures are approximate; consult cable manufacturer's catalogs for complete specifications.
Always locate antennas such that they can never come in contact with outdoor power lines in the event of a catastrophic support or power-pole structural failure. Ground your antennas' support structure(s) adequately, so as to dissipate energy absorbed during a lightning strike. Install appropriate lightning arrestors in the antenna coaxial cables (and rotator cables, if rotary antennas are used). In the event of an approaching electrical storm, disconnect all antenna lead-in, rotator cables, and power cables completely from your station if the storm is not immediately in your area.
FT-857 Operating Manual
13
INSTALLATION
ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS
Do not allow disconnected cables to touch the case of your FT-857 transceiver or accessories, as lightning can easily jump from the cable to the circuitry of your transceiver via the case, causing irreparable damage. If a lightning storm is in progress in your immediate area, do not attempt to disconnect the cables, as you could be killed instantly if lightning should strike your antenna structure or a nearby power line. If a vertical antenna is utilized, be certain that humans and/or pets and farm animals are kept away both from the radiating element (to prevent electrical shock and RF exposure danger) and the ground system (in the event of an electrical storm). The buried radials of a groundmounted vertical antenna can carry lethal voltages outward from the center of the antenna in the event of a direct lightning strike.
RF FIELD EXPOSURE
This transceiver is capable of power output in excess of 50 Watts, so customers in the United States may be required to demonstrate compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations concerning maximum permissible exposure to radio frequency energy. Compliance is based on the actual power output used, feedline loss, antenna type and height, and other factors which can only be evaluated as a system. Information regarding these regulations may be available from your Dealer, your local radio club, from the FCC directly (press releases and other information can be found on the FCC's site on the World Wide Web at
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