User manual YAESU FT-857

OPERATING MANUAL VERTEX STANDARD CO., LTD. 4-8-8 Nakameguro, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8644, Japan VERTEX STANDARD US Headquarters 10900 Walker Street, Cypress, CA 90630, U.S.A. International Division 8350 N.W. 52nd Terrace, Suite 201, Miami, FL 33166, U.S.A. YAESU EUROPE B.V. P.O. Box 75525, 1118 ZN Schiphol, The Netherlands YAESU UK LTD. Unit 12, Sun Valley Business Park, Winnall Close Winchester, Hampshire, SO23 0LB, U.K. VERTEX STANDARD HK LTD. Unit 5, 20/F., Seaview Centre, 139-141 Hoi Bun Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Contents Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Specifications ................................................................... 2 Accessories & Options ................................................... 4 Installation ....................................................................... 5 Preliminary Inspection ................................................. 5 Installation Tips ........................................................... 5 Safety Information ....................................................... 6 Installing the Microphone and Front Panel ................ 7 Power connections ....................................................... 8 Grounding .................................................................. 10 Mobile Station Grounding .................................... 10 Base Station Earth Grounding.............................. 11 Antenna Considerations ............................................ 12 Mobile Antenna Installations ............................... 12 Base Station Antenna Installations ...................... 13 RF Field Exposure ..................................................... 14 Electromagnetic Compatibility .................................. 15 Heat and Ventilation .................................................. 15 Linear Amplifier Interfacing ...................................... 16 CW Key/Keyer Connections ..................................... 17 Receiver Accessories (Tape Recorder etc.) ............. 18 Adjusting the Front Feet ............................................ 18 Front Panel Control & Switches ................................. 20 Multi Function Key Detail ......................................... 24 Rear panel Connectors ................................................ 32 Operation ....................................................................... 34 Turning the Transceiver On and Off ......................... 34 Operating Band Selection .......................................... 34 Mode Selection .......................................................... 34 Adjusting the Audio Volume Level .......................... 35 Menu Quick Start ...................................................... 35 Adjusting the RF Gain and Squelch .......................... 36 Setting the Operating Frequency ............................... 36 Changing the Dial Speed ........................................... 37 Stacked VFO System ................................................ 37 Receiver Accessories .................................................... 38 Locking Front Panel Controls ................................... 38 Clarifier ...................................................................... 39 IF Shift ....................................................................... 40 AGC ........................................................................... 41 Noise Blanker ............................................................ 41 IPO ............................................................................. 42 ATT (Front End Attenuator) ..................................... 42 DSP Bandpass Filter (DBP) ...................................... 43 DSP CW Peaking Filter (DBF) ................................. 44 DSP Noise Reduction (DNR) ................................... 44 DSP Notch Filter (DNF) ........................................... 45 AM/FM Tuning Dial Operation ................................ 45 Automatic Power-Off Feature ................................... 46 Transmitter Operation ................................................ 48 SSB/AM Transmission .............................................. 48 Basic Setup/Operation .......................................... 48 VOX Operation .................................................... 49 AF Speech Processor Operation .......................... 50 DSP Microphone Equalizer ................................. 51 CW Transmission ...................................................... 52 Operation using Straight Key/External Keying Device .. 52 Using the Built-in Electronic Keyer ..................... 54 FM Transmission ....................................................... 56 Basic Setup/Operation .......................................... 56 Repeater Operation .............................................. 57 Tone Search Scanning .......................................... 58 DCS Operation ..................................................... 59 DCS Search Scanning .......................................... 59 Split Tone Operation ............................................ 60 ARTSTM Operation ............................................... 61 CW Identifier Setup ........................................ 62 Digital Mode Operation (SSB-Based AFSK) .......... 63 RTTY (Radio Tele Type) Operation ................... 63 PSK31 Operation .................................................. 64 "User" Defined Digital Modes ............................ 64 Packet (1200/9600 bps FM) Operation .................... 65 WeatherFax Monitoring ............................................ 66 Time-Out Timer ......................................................... 67 Split Frequency Operation ........................................ 67 ATAS-100/-120 Operation ....................................... 68 Automatic Tuning ................................................. 68 Manual Tuning ...................................................... 69 ATAS-100/-120 Operating Tips .......................... 70 FC-30 Automatic Antenna Tuner Operation ............ 71 Antenna Tuner Memory System .......................... 72 Memory Operation ....................................................... 73 QMB (Quick Memory Bank) Channels ................... 73 Memory Operation on "Regular" Memory Channel ........ 74 Normal Memory Storage ..................................... 74 Split-Frequency Memory Storage ........................ 75 Memory Channel Recall ...................................... 76 Masking ("Hiding") a Memory ............................ 77 Memory Operation on "HOME" Channel Memories ....... 78 Labeling Memories after Programming Channel Data ..... 79 Spectrum Scope Monitor ............................................. 80 Smart SearchTM ............................................................ 81 Scanning Operation ...................................................... 82 Scanning Features ...................................................... 82 Scanning Operation ................................................... 82 Scan-Resume Choices .......................................... 83 Scan Skip Programming (Memory Mode only) .. 83 "Priority Channel" Scanning ..................................... 85 Programmable Memory Scan (PMS) Operation ...... 86 Dual Watch Operation ............................................... 87 Miscellaneous Settings ................................................. 88 Operation on Alaska Emergency Frequency: 5167.5 kHz ... 88 CW Training Feature ................................................. 89 Programming the Panel Key Functions ..................... 89 Beacon Feature .......................................................... 90 Beacon Text Storage ............................................ 90 Beacon Text Sending (On the Air) ...................... 91 Display Customization .............................................. 92 Display Lamp Mode ............................................. 92 Display Contrast ................................................... 92 Display Dimmer ................................................... 92 Display Color ....................................................... 93 Menu Operation ........................................................... 94 CAT (Computer Aided Transceiver) Operation . 113 Power-On Microprocessor Reset Procedures ........ 117 Cloning ......................................................................... 118 Installation Optional Accessories ............................. 119 Optional Digital Signal Processing Unit DSP-2 ............ 119 Optional Filters:YF-122S, YF-122C, and YF-122CN .... 120 Optional High Stability Reference Oscillator TCXO-9 .. 121 Appendix ...................................................................... 122 Setup of Memories for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) FM Satellite Operation ....... 122 MH-59A8J Remote Microphone .............................. 125 INTRODUCTION HOME AF L SQ /R F CLAR SELECT FUNC The FT-857 is a rugged, innovative multiband, multimode mobile/portable transceiver for the amateur radio MF/HF/VHF/UHF bands. Providing coverage of the 160-10 meter bands plus the 6 m, 2 m, and 70 cm bands, the FT-857 includes operation on the SSB, CW, AM, FM, and Digital modes, yielding the most comprehensive performance package available for mobile and field operation. Engineered for high performance, the FT-857 provides 100 watts power output on the 160 through 6 meter bands, 50 watts power output on 2 meters, and 20 watts output on 70 centimeters. The multi-function Liquid-Crystal Display includes attractive backlighting (32 colors available!). The display includes bar-graph indication of power output, ALC voltage, SWR, modulation level, and/or signal strength. Also included are a number of operating status icons, as well as the function displays for the three operating function keys ([A], [B], and [C]) . Among the advanced features of the FT-857 are many incorporated only in large basestation transceivers. These include Dual VFOs; Split-Frequency operation; Digital Signal Processing (Bandpass Filtering, Noise Reduction, Auto-Notch, and Microphone Equalizer); IF Shift; Clarifier ("R.I.T."); IF Noise Blanker; AGC Fast/Slow/Auto/Off selection; RF Gain and Squelch control; IPO (Intercept Point Optimization) and a receiver front-end Attenuator; AM Aircraft reception; AM and FM Broadcast reception; U.S. Weather Band reception; VOX; Built-in Electronic Keyer with Memories and a Beacon mode; Adjustable CW Pitch; Automatic FM Repeater Shift (ARS); Built-in CTCSS Encoder/Decoders; ARTSTM (AutoRange Transponder System); Smart SearchTM Automatic Memory Loading System; Spectrum Scope; 200 Memories plus Home Channels and Band-limiting Memories; Alpha-Numeric Labeling of Memories; Automatic Power-Off (APO) and Time-Out Timer (TOT) functions; Computer Interface capability; and Cloning capability. We urge you to read this manual in its entirety, so as to gain a full understanding of the amazing capability of the exciting new FT-857 Transceiver. FT-857 Operating Manual 1 SPECIFICATIONS General Frequency Range: Receive: 0.1-56 MHz, 76-108 MHz, 118-164 MHz, 420-470 MHz Transmit: 160 - 6 Meters, 2 Meters, 70 Centimeters (Amateur bands only) A1 (CW), A3 (AM), A3J (LSB/USB), F3 (FM), F1 (9600 bps packet), F2 (1200 bps packet) 10 Hz (CW/SSB), 100 Hz (AM/FM/WFM) 50 Ohms, Unbalanced 14 ºF to 140 ºF (­10 °C to +60 °C) ±4 ppm from 1 min. to 60 min after power on. @25 °C: 1 ppm/hour ±0.5 ppm/1 hour @25 °C, after warmup (with optional TCXO-9) Normal: 13.8 VDC ±15 %, Negative Ground Squelched: 550 mA (Approx.) Receive: 1 A Transmit: 22 A 6.1" x 2.0" x 9.2" (155 x 52 x 233 mm) 4.6 lb. (2.1 kg) Emission Modes: Synthesizer Steps (Min.): Antenna Impedance: Operating Temp. Range: Frequency Stability: Supply Voltage: Current Consumption: Case Size (W x H x D): Weight (Approx.): Transmitter SSB/CW/FM AM Carrier 160- 6 M: 100 W 25 W 2 M: 50 W 12.5 W 70 CM: 20 W 5W Modulation Types: SSB: Balanced Modulator, AM: Early Stage (Low Level), FM: Variable Reactance FM Maximum Deviation: ±5 kHz (FM-N: ±2.5 kHz) Spurious Radiation: ­50 dB (1.8-29.7 MHz) ­60 dB (50/144/430 MHz) Carrier Suppression: >40 dB Opp. Sideband Suppression: >50 dB SSB Frequency Response: 400 Hz-2600 Hz (­6 dB) Microphone Impedance: 200-10k Ohms (Nominal: 600 Ohms) RF Power Output: (@13.8 V DC) 2 FT-857 Operating Manual SPECIFICATIONS Receiver Circuit Type: Intermediate Frequencies: Sensitivity: Double-Conversion Superheterodyne (SSB/CW/AM/FM) Superheterodyne (WFM) 1st: 68.33 MHz (SSB/CW/AM/FM); 10.7 MHz (WFM) 2nd: 455 kHz SSB/CW AM FM 100 kHz-1.8 MHz ­ 32 µV ­ 1.8 MHz-28 MHz 0.2 µV 2 µV ­ 28 MHz-30 MHz 0.2 µV 2 µV 0.5 µV 50 MHz-54 MHz 0.125 µV 1 µV 0.2 µV 144/430 MHz 0.125 µV ­ 0.2 µV (SSB/CW/AM = 10 dB S/N, FM = 12 dB SINAD) SSB/CW/AM FM 100 kHz-1.8 MHz ­ ­ 1.8 MHz-28 MHz 2.5 µV ­ 28 MHz-30 MHz 2.5 µV 0.32 µV 50 MHz-54 MHz 1 µV 0.16 µV 144/430 MHz 0.5 µV 0.16 µV HF/50 MHz: 70 dB, 144/430 MHz: 60 dB 60 dB SSB/CW: 2.2 kHz/4.5 kHz AM: 6 kHz/20 kHz FM: 15 kHz/30 kHz FM-N: 9 kHz/25 kHz SSB (optional YF-122S installed): 2.3 kHz/4.7 kHz (­66 dB) CW (option YF-122C installed): 500 Hz/2.0 kHz CW (option YF-122CN installed): 300 Hz/1.0 kHz 2.5 W (@4 Ohms, 10% THD or less) 4-16 Ohms Squelch Sensitivity: Image Rejection: IF Rejection: Selectivity (­6/­60 dB): AF Output: AF Output Impedance: Specifications are subject to change without notice, and are guaranteed within the amateur bands only. FT-857 Operating Manual 3 ACCESSORIES & OPTIONS SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES Hand Microphone MH-31A8J ............................................................................................... 1 Mobile Mounting Bracket MMB-82 .................................................................................... 1 DC Power Cord ..................................................................................................................... 1 Operating Manual ................................................................................................................. 1 Warranty Card ....................................................................................................................... 1 AVAILABLE OPTIONS FP-1030A DSP-2 YF-122S YF-122C YF-122CN TCXO-9 MD-200A8X MH-36E8J MH-59A8J YSK-857 FC-30 ATAS-100 ATAS-120 ATBK-100 VL-1000 CT-62 CT-39A CT-58 External AC Power Supply (25A) Digital Signal Processing Unit Collins SSB Filter (2.3 kHz/4.7 kHz: ­6 dB/­66 dB) Collins CW Filter (500 Hz/2 kHz: ­6 dB/­60 dB) Collins CW Filter (300 Hz/1 kHz: ­6 dB/­60 dB) TCXO Unit (±0.5 ppm) Desktop Microphone DTMF Microphone Remote Control Microphone Separation Kit External Automatic Antenna Tuner Active-Tuning Antenna System Active-Tuning Antenna System VHF/UHF Antenna Base/Counterpoise Kit Solid-State Linear Amplifier CAT Interface Cable Packet Cable BAND DATA Cable 4 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION This chapter describes the installation procedure for integrating the FT-857 into a typical amateur radio station. It is presumed that you possess technical knowledge and conceptual understanding consistent with your status as a licensed radio amateur. Please take some extra time to make certain that the important safety and technical requirements detailed in this chapter are followed closely. PRELIMINARY INSPECTION Inspect the transceiver visually immediately upon opening the packing carton. Confirm that all controls and switches work freely, and inspect the cabinet for any damage. Gently shake the transceiver to verify that no internal components have been shaken loose due to rough handling during shipping. If any evidence of damage is discovered, document it thoroughly and contact the shipping company (or your local dealer, if the unit was purchased over-the-counter) so as to get instructions regarding the prompt resolution of the damage situation. Be certain to save the shipping carton, especially if there are any punctures or other evidence of damage incurred during shipping; if it is necessary to return the unit for service or replacement, use the original packing materials but put the entire package inside another packing carton, so as to preserve the evidence of shipping damage for insurance purposes. INSTALLATION TIPS To ensure long life of the components, be certain to provide adequate ventilation around the cabinet of the FT-857. Do not install the transceiver on top of another heat-generating device (such as a power supply or amplifier), and do not place equipment, books, or papers on top of the FT-857. Avoid heating vents and window locations that could expose the transceiver to excessive direct sunlight, especially in hot climates. The FT-857 should not be used in an environment where the ambient temperature exceeds 140º F (+60 °C). FT-857 Operating Manual 5 INSTALLATION SAFETY INFORMATION The FT-857 is an electrical apparatus, as well as a generator of RF (Radio Frequency) energy, and you should exercise all safety precautions as are appropriate for this type of device. These safety tips apply to any device installed in a well-designed amateur radio station. Never allow unsupervised children to play in the vicinity of your transceiver or antenna installation. Be certain to wrap any wire or cable splices thoroughly with insulating electrical tape, to prevent short circuits. Do not route cables or wires through door jambs or other locations where, through wear and tear, they may become frayed and shorted to ground or to each other. Do not stand in front of a directional antenna while you are transmitting into that antenna. Do not install a directional antenna in any location where humans or pets may be walking in the main directional lobe of the antenna's radiation pattern. In mobile installations, it is preferable to mount your antenna on top of the roof of the vehicle, if feasible, so as to utilize the car body as a counterpoise for the antenna and raise the radiation pattern as far away from passengers as possible. During vehicular operation when stopped (in a parking lot, for example), make it a practice to switch to Low power if there are people walking nearby. Never wear dual-earmuff headphones while driving a vehicle. Do not attempt to drive your vehicle while making a telephone call on an autopatch using the DTMF microphone. Pull over to the side of the road, whether dialing manually. 6 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION INSTALLING THE MICROPHONE AND FRONT PANEL 1. Insert the microphone's plug into the recessed jack on the transceiver, as shown in the illustration. 2. You may position the microphone cable so as to cause it to exit from the side or the bottom of the transceiver. Just route the cable into the appropriate channel provided, as shown in the illustration. 3. Connect the Control cable between the Front Panel and Transceiver Body. 4. Install the Front Panel by sliding it into the position shown; you will hear a "click" when the panel locks into place. 5. To remove the Front Panel, use your left thumb to push rearward (slightly) the latch on the left-hand of the panel, then slide the Front Panel to the right and away from the transceiver. DSP TX/BUSY MODE DWN UP BAND FT-857 Operating Manual 7 INSTALLATION POWER CONNECTIONS The DC power connector for the FT-857 must only be connected to a DC source providing 13.8 Volts DC (±15%), and capable of at least 22 Amperes of current. Always observe proper polarity when making DC connections: The Red DC power lead connects to the Positive (+) DC terminal; and the Black DC power lead connects to the Negative (­) DC terminal. In mobile installations, noise pickup may be minimized by connecting the DC cable directly to your vehicle's battery, rather than to the ignition switch or "accessory" circuitry. Direct connection to the battery also provides the best voltage stability. To 144 MHz/430 MHz Antenna To HF/50 MHz Antenna Cigarette Lighter Plug Fuse Box 12V Battery FUSE: 25A RED BLACK To 144 MHz/430 MHz Antenna Supplied DC Cable To HF/50 MHz Antenna FP-1030A 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 20 30 40 V A OVERLOAD CONTINUOUS CURRENT 25A POWER ON OFF FUSE: 25A RED BLACK Supplied DC Cable 8 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION POWER CONNECTIONS Tips for Successful Mobile Installations: r Before connecting the DC cable to the battery, measure the voltage across the battery terminals with the engine running fast enough to show a charge. If the voltage is above 15 Volts, the vehicle's voltage regulator should be adjusted to reduce the charging voltage to 14 Volts or lower. r Route the DC cable as far away from the ignition cables as possible. r If the DC cable is not long enough, use #12 AWG (minimum) stranded, insulated wire to extend it. Be certain to solder the connections at the splice securely, and provide ample insulation for the soldered splice (heat shrink tubing plus black electrical tape work well). r Check the battery terminal connections frequently to be sure they are tight and not corroded. r When operating with the vehicle turned off, or operating from a stand-alone car battery (in a camp site, etc.), be mindful of the minimum operating voltage (11.73 Volts) for the FT-857. If the battery is not charged sufficiently to maintain at least 11¾ Volts at the radio, erratic operation or shut-down may occur. Caution Permanent damage can result if improper supply voltage, or reverse-polarity voltage, is applied to the FT-857. The Limited Warranty on this transceiver does not cover damage caused by application of AC voltage, reversed polarity DC, or DC voltage outside the specified range of 13.8V ±15%. Never attempt to connect the FT-857 to a 24-Volt battery system. When replacing fuses, be certain to use a fuse of the proper rating. The FT-857 requires a 25A fast-blow fuse. MMB-82 Installation FT-857 Operating Manual 9 INSTALLATION GROUNDING The provision of an effective ground system is important in any successful communications station. A good ground system can contribute to station efficiency in a number of ways: r It can minimize the possibility of electrical shock to the operator. r It can minimize RF currents flowing on the shield of the coaxial cable and the chassis of the transceiver which may cause interference to nearby home entertainment devices or laboratory test equipment. r It can minimize the possibility of erratic transceiver operation caused by RF feedback or improper current flow through logic devices. An effective earth ground system may take several forms; for a more complete discussion, see an appropriate RF engineering text. The information presented below is intended only as a guideline. Inspect the ground system ­ inside the station as well as outside ­ on a regular basis so as to ensure maximum performance and safety. Mobile Station Grounding Although satisfactory grounding in most installations will be achieved via the DC cable's negative lead and the antenna system's coaxial cable shield, it is often recommended that you provide a direct ground connection to the vehicle chassis at the mounting location of the transceiver (installation using the MMB-82 Mounting Bracket will accomplish this, if the MMB-82 itself is mounted to the vehicle's chassis). Due to unexpected resonances which may naturally occur in any location, improper communication system performance may result from insufficient grounding. These symptoms may include: r r r r r RF feedback (resulting in distortion on your transmitted signal); Unintended frequency change; Blinking or blanking of the frequency display; Noise pickup; and/or Loss of memory. Note that these conditions may occur in any communications installation. The FT-857 includes extensive filtering designed to minimize the chance of such problems; however, random currents set up by insufficient RF grounding can nullify such filtering. Bonding the rear panel Ground lug of the FT-857 transceiver to the vehicle or vessel's ground system should clear up any such difficulties. Vertex Standard does not recommend the use of "on glass" mobile antennas unless the shield of the coaxial cable is securely grounded near the feedpoint of the antenna. Such antennas frequently are responsible for the ground-related difficulties described above. 10 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION GROUNDING Base Station Earth Grounding Typically, the ground connection consists of one or more copper-clad steel rods, driven into the ground. If multiple ground rods are used, they should be configured in a "V" configuration, and bonded together at the apex of the "V" which is nearest the station location. Use a heavy, braided cable (such as the discarded shield from type RG-213 coaxial cable) and strong cable clamps to secure the braided cables to the ground rods. Be sure to weatherproof the connections to ensure many years of reliable service. Use the same type of heavy, braided cable for the connections to the station ground bus (described below). Do not use gas line pipes in an attempt to provide a ground connection! To do so creates a serious risk of explosion!! Inside the station, a common ground bus consisting of a copper pipe of at least 1" (25 mm) diameter should be used. An alternative station ground bus may consist of a wide copper plate (single-sided circuit board material is ideal) secured to the bottom of the operating desk. Grounding connections from individual devices such as transceivers, power supplies, and data communications devices should be made directly to the ground bus using a heavy, braided cable. Do not make ground connections from one electrical device to another, and thence to the ground bus. This so-called "Daisy Chain" grounding technique may nullify any attempt at effective radio frequency grounding. See the drawings below for examples of proper and improper ground connections. Improper Ground Connection Transceiver Linear Amplifier Power Supply Proper Ground Connection Transceiver Linear Amplifier Power Supply "Daisy Chain" FT-857 Operating Manual 11 INSTALLATION ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS The antenna systems connected to your FT-857 transceiver are, of course, critically important in ensuring successful communications. The FT-857 is designed for use with any antenna system providing a 50 W resistive impedance at the desired operating frequency. While minor excursions from the 50 W specification are of no consequence, the power amplifier's protection circuitry will begin to reduce the power output of there is more than a 50% divergence from the specified impedance (less than 33 W or greater than 75 W, corresponding to a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) of 1.5:1). Two antenna jacks are provided on the rear panel of the FT-857. The "HF/50 MHz ANT" jack is used for HF and 50 MHz, while the "144/430 MHz ANT" jack is used for 144 MHz and 430 MHz. Guidelines for successful base and mobile station installations are shown below. Mobile Antenna Installations Mobile antennas for the HF bands, with the possible exception of those designed for 28 MHz, display very high "Q" due to the fact that they must be physically shortened, then resonated using a loading coil. Additional system bandwidth may be realized using the Yaesu FC-30 Automatic Antenna Tuner, which will present a 50 W impedance to your transceiver on the 1.8 ~ 50 MHz bands so long as the SWR on the coaxial line connected to the FC-30 is below 3:1. On the VHF and UHF bands, coaxial line losses increase so rapidly in the presence of SWR that we recommend that all impedance matching to 50 W be performed at the antenna feedpoint. Yaesu's Active-Tuned Antenna System (ATAS-100/-120) is a unique HF/VHF/UHF mobile antenna system, which provides automatic tuning when used with the FT-857. See page 68 for full details on the ATAS-100/-120. For VHF/UHF weak-signal (CW/SSB) operation, remember that the antenna polarization standard for these modes is horizontal, not vertical, so you must use a loop or otherwise horizontally-polarized antenna so as to avoid cross-polarization loss of signal strength (which can be 20 dB or more!). On HF, signals propagated via the ionosphere develop mixed polarizations, so antenna selection may be made strictly on mechanical considerations; vertical antennas are almost always utilized on HF for this reason. In mobile (and portable) installations, when vertical antennas are used, remember that the grounding of the base area of the antenna is critically important to proper operation. Since most HF vertical antennas emulate a quarter-wavelength "monopole" antenna, the "missing half" of the dipole antenna consists of a counterpoise of radial ground system. In a vehicle, if mounting the antenna to a door or hatch, it is recommended that you bond the door to the 12 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS rest of the vehicle's body, using a heavy braid bonded securely at both ends, to ensure that as much counterpoise as possible is secured. In portable operation, be sure to lay out radials (or otherwise construct a n image plane for the vertical monopole); it is not adequate simply to connect a vertical radiating element to the rear panel Antenna jack of this transceiver, without providing a suitable counterpoise. Base Station Antenna Installations When installing a "balanced" antenna such as a Yagi or dipole, remember that the FT-857 is designed for use with an (unbalanced) coaxial feedline. Always use a balun or other balancing device so as to ensure proper antenna system performance. Use high-quality 50 W coaxial cable for the lead-in to your FT-857 transceiver. All efforts at providing an efficient antenna system will be wasted if poor quality, lossy coaxial cable is used. Losses in coaxial lines increase as the frequency increases, so a coaxial line with 0.5 dB of loss at 7 MHz may have 6 dB of loss at 432 MHz (thereby consuming 75% of your transceiver's power output!). As a general rule, smaller-diameter coaxial cables tend to have higher losses than larger-diameter cables, although the precise differences depend on the cable construction, materials, and the quality of the connectors used with the cable. See the cable manufacturer's specifications for details. For reference, the chart below shows approximate loss figures for typically- available coaxial cables frequently used in HF installations. Loss in dB per 30 m (100 feet) for Selected 50-ohm Coaxial Cables CABLE TYPE RG-58A RG-58 Foam RG-8X RG-8A, RG-213 RG-8 Foam Belden 9913 7/8" "Hardline" 1.8 MHZ 0.55 0.54 0.39 0.27 0.22 0.18 < 0.1 LOSS 28 MHZ 2.60 2.00 1.85 1.25 0.88 0.69 0.25 432 MHZ >10 8.0 7.0 5.9 3.7 2.9 1.3 Loss figures are approximate; consult cable manufacturer's catalogs for complete specifications. Always locate antennas such that they can never come in contact with outdoor power lines in the event of a catastrophic support or power-pole structural failure. Ground your antennas' support structure(s) adequately, so as to dissipate energy absorbed during a lightning strike. Install appropriate lightning arrestors in the antenna coaxial cables (and rotator cables, if rotary antennas are used). In the event of an approaching electrical storm, disconnect all antenna lead-in, rotator cables, and power cables completely from your station if the storm is not immediately in your area. FT-857 Operating Manual 13 INSTALLATION ANTENNA CONSIDERATIONS Do not allow disconnected cables to touch the case of your FT-857 transceiver or accessories, as lightning can easily jump from the cable to the circuitry of your transceiver via the case, causing irreparable damage. If a lightning storm is in progress in your immediate area, do not attempt to disconnect the cables, as you could be killed instantly if lightning should strike your antenna structure or a nearby power line. If a vertical antenna is utilized, be certain that humans and/or pets and farm animals are kept away both from the radiating element (to prevent electrical shock and RF exposure danger) and the ground system (in the event of an electrical storm). The buried radials of a groundmounted vertical antenna can carry lethal voltages outward from the center of the antenna in the event of a direct lightning strike. RF FIELD EXPOSURE This transceiver is capable of power output in excess of 50 Watts, so customers in the United States may be required to demonstrate compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations concerning maximum permissible exposure to radio frequency energy. Compliance is based on the actual power output used, feedline loss, antenna type and height, and other factors which can only be evaluated as a system. Information regarding these regulations may be available from your Dealer, your local radio club, from the FCC directly (press releases and other information can be found on the FCC's site on the World Wide Web at ), or from the American Radio Relay League, Inc. (225 Main St., Newington CT 06111 or ). Although there is negligible radio frequency (RF) leakage from the FT-857 transceiver itself, its antenna system should be located as far away from humans and animals as practicable, so as to avoid the possibility of shock due to accidental contact with the antenna or excessive long-term exposure to RF energy. During mobile operation, do not transmit if someone is standing adjacent to your antenna, and use the lowest power possible. Never stand in front of an antenna (during testing or operation) when RF power is applied, especially in the case of 430 MHz directional arrays. The 20 Watt power output supplied by the FT-857, combined with the directivity of a beam antenna, can cause immediate heating of human or animal tissues, and may cause other undesirable medical effects. 14 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY If this transceiver is used with, or in the vicinity of, a computer or computer-driven accessories, you may need to experiment with grounding and/or Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) suppression devices (such as ferrite cores) to minimize interference to your communications caused by energy from the computer. Computer-generated RFI is usually a result of inadequate shielding of the computer's cabinet or I/O and peripheral connections. While computer equipment may "comply" with RF emission standards, this does not ensure that sensitive Amateur Radio receivers like the FT-857 will not experience interference from the device! Be certain to use only shielded cables for TNC-to-Transceiver connections. You may need to install AC line filters on the power cord(s) of the suspected equipment, and decoupling ferrite toroidal chokes may be required on interconnecting patch/data cables. As a last resort, you can try installing additional shielding within the computer's case, using appropriate conductive mesh or conductive shielding tape. Especially check "RF holes" where plastic is used for cabinet front panels. For further information, consult amateur radio reference guides and publications relating to RFI suppression techniques. HEAT AND VENTILATION To ensure long life of the components, be certain to provide adequate ventilation around the cabinet of the FT-857. The cooling system of the transceiver must be free to draw cool air in from the side of the transceiver and expel warm air from the rear of the transceiver. Do not install the transceiver on top of another heat-generating device (such as a linear amplifier), and do not place equipment, books, or papers on top of the transceiver. Place the transceiver on a hard, flat, stable surface. Avoid heating vents and window locations that could expose the transceiver to excessive direct sunlight, especially in hot climates. Heat Water & Moisture Dust Ventilation FT-857 Operating Manual 15 INSTALLATION LINEAR AMPLIFIER INTERFACING The FT-857 provides the switching and drive-control lines required for easy interfacing to most all commonly-available amplifiers sold today. These include: r The Antenna Jacks ("HF/50MHz" and "144/430MHz"); r A T/R control line (open circuit on RX, closure to ground on TX); and r A negative-going ALC jack (control voltage range: 0V to ­4V DC). r When interfacing to the VL-1000 Solid State 1 KW Linear Amplifier, the optional CT58 Interface Cable provides for easy interconnection (requires that the Menu Mode No020 [CAT/LIN/TUN] setting changes to "LINEAR"). The rear-panel CAT/LINEAR jack is an 8-pin, miniature DIN type, with the "TX GND" pin providing a closure to ground on transmit, for T/R control of your linear amplifier. The ACC jack is a miniature stereo type, with external ALC input capability on the tip connection. The main shaft is the ground return. The ring connection of the ACC jack, when closed to ground, places the FT-857 into the transmit mode, and sends a steady CW carrier, for amplifier (or antenna tuner) adjustment purposes. Note that some amplifiers, particularly VHF or UHF "brick" amplifiers, offer two methods of T/R switching: application of +13V or a closure to ground. Be sure to configure your amplifier so that it switches via a closure to ground, as provided by your FT-857's CAT/LINEAR jack ("TX GND" pin). Alternatively, many of these amplifiers use "RF Sensing" to control their relays; if yours is in this category, you may then use the T/R control line from the "TX GND" pin of the CAT/LINEAR jack for control of your HF linear amplifier, and RF sensing for your VHF or UHF amplifier. To 144 / 430 MHz Antenna To 50 MHz Antenna To HF Antenna To HF Antenna VL-1000 REMOTE ON OFF ANT 1 PTT 1 INPUT 1 ANT 2 BAND DATA 1 PTT 2 INPUT 2 ALC 1 CONTROL ALC 2 DC48V IN GND BAND DATA 2 CAT/LINEAR DC 48V IN ALC 1 GND INPUT 1 CONTROL ANT 1 ANT 2 ANT 3 CT-58 BAND DATA Cable CT-58 ALC Cable 16 FT-857 Operating Manual BAND-DATA 1 INSTALLATION LINEAR AMPLIFIER INTERFACING The "TX GND" T/R control line is a transistor "open collector" circuit, capable of handling positive amplifier relay coil voltages of up to +50V DC and current of up to 400 mA. If you plan on using multiple linear amplifiers for different bands, you must provide external bandswitching of the "TX GND" relay control line from the CAT/LINEAR jack. Important Note! Do not exceed the maximum voltage or current ratings for the "TX GND" line at the CAT/LINEAR jack. This line is not compatible with negative DC voltages, nor AC voltages of any magnitude. Most amplifier control relay systems require only low DC voltage/current switching capability (typically, +12V DC at 25 ~ 75 mA), and the switching transistor in the FT-897 will easily accommodate such amplifiers. CW KEY/KEYER CONNECTIONS All commonly-available keyer paddles should work perfectly with the built-in Electronic Keyer. The wiring configuration for the paddle is shown below. KEY GND KEY DOT DOT DASH COMMON GND DASH COMMON For straight-key operation, only the tip and shaft connections are used. Note: Even when using a straight key, you must use a three-conductor ("stereo") plug. If a two-conductor plug is used, the key line will be constantly shorted to ground. When using an external electronic keyer, be absolutely certain that it is configured for "positive" keying, not "negative" or "grid block" keying. The "key-up" voltage of the FT-857 is +5V, and the "key-down" current is only about 1 mA. For CW automated keying using a personal computer, with an external memory keyer providing for manual sending, it usually is possible to connect the keyed lines together via a "Y" connector. Check with the documentation accompanying your keyer and your contest/ DX software for any cautions which need to be observed. FT-857 Operating Manual 17 INSTALLATION RECEIVER ACCESSORIES (TAPE RECORDER ETC.) Connection of a tape recorder or other such receiver accessory is easily accomplished by using the DATA jack's Data Out (1200 bps) terminal (Pin 5) and Ground (Pin 2). The audio output is fixed at 100 mV, with an impedance of 600 W. DATA OUT 1200bps GND DATA ADJUSTING THE FRONT FEET The two front feet of the transceiver allow the transceiver to be tilted upward for better viewing. Simply fold both feet forward to raise the front of the transceiver, and fold them back against the bottom case to lower the front of the FT-857. 18 FT-857 Operating Manual INSTALLATION NOTE FT-857 Operating Manual 19 FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES HOME AF L SQ /R F SEL ECT CLAR FUNC AF Knob The (inner) VOL knob adjusts the receiver audio volume level presented to the internal or external speaker. Clockwise rotation increases the volume level. SQL/RF Knob In the USA version, this (outer) SQL/RF knob adjusts the gain of the receiver's RF and IF stages. Using Menu Mode No-080 [SQL/RF GAIN ], this control may be changed to function as a Squelch control, which may be used to silence background noise when no signal is present. In the other versions, its default setting is set to "Squelch." SELECT knob This detented rotary switch is used for VFO frequency tuning, memory selection, and function selection for the [A], [B], [C] keys of the transceiver. HOME Key Pressing this key momentarily recalls a favorite "Home" frequency memory. CLAR Key Pressing this key activates the Receiver Clarifier feature. When this feature is activated, the SELECT knob is used to set a tuning offset of up to ±9.99 kHz. The transmitter's frequency is not affected by the setting of the Clarifier. Press and hold in this key for one second to activate the IF Shift feature, which allows you to use the SELECT knob to adjust the center frequency of the IF filter's passband response. 20 FT-857 Operating Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES FUNC Key Press this key momentarily to enable the changing of the function of the Multi Function keys ([A], [B], and [C]) by rotating the SELECT knob. Press and hold in this key for one second to activate the "Menu" mode. Multi Function Keys These three keys select many of the most important operating features of the transceiver. When you press the [FUNC] key, then rotate the SELECT knob, the current function of that key will appear above each of the [A], [B ], and [C ] keys (along the bottom of the LCD). You may scroll the display through 17 rows of functions available for use via the [A], [B], and [C ] keys. The available features are shown in page 24. MODE(t)/MODE(u) Key Pressing either of these keys momentarily will change the operating mode. The selections available are: ..... LSB ó USB ó CW ó CWR ó AM ó FM ó DIG ó PKT ó LSB ..... DSP Button Pressing this button momentarily provides instant access to Multi Function Row "p" (MFp), which contains the command key for the optional receiver's Digital Signal Processing system. The available functions will appear as the functions displayed above the [A], [B], and [C] keys, as described previously. Pressing this key once more will return operation to the last-used Multi-Function Row (the one in use before the DSP row was engaged). Press and hold in this switch for one second to activate Menu Item No-048, for adjustment of the DSP Microphone Equalizer (see page 51 for details). POWER Switch Press and hold in the POWER switch for one second to turn to the transceiver on or off. While the transceiver is turned on, pressing this switch momentarily will engage the "Fast Tuning" mode, to allow more rapid frequency navigation (a small "running man" icon will be observed in the bottom right-hand corner of the LCD). TX/BUSY Indicator This indicator glows green when the squelch opens, and turns red during transmit. During CW operation, this indicator will glow blue when an incoming signal is tuned to the center of the passband (with IF Shift off). And during FM reception, this indicator will glow blue when a signal is received with a CTCSS/DCS tone matching that to which your transceiver is set. FT-857 Operating Manual 21 FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES HOME AF L SQ /R F SEL ECT CLAR FUNC BAND(DWN)/BAND(UP) Key Pressing either of these keys momentarily will cause the frequency to be moved up or down by one frequency band. The selections available are: ..... 1.8 MHz ó 3.5 MHz ó 5.0 MHz ó 7.0 MHz ó 10 MHz ó 14 MHz ó 15 MHz ó 18 MHz ó 21 MHzó 24 MHz ó 28 MHz ó 50 MHz ó 88 MHz ó 108 MHz ó 144 MHz ó 430 MHz ó 1.8 MHz ..... V/M Key Pressing this key switches frequency control between the VFO and Memory Systems. Press and hold in this key to store the contents of the VFO into the QMB (Quick Memory Bank) register. LOCK Key Pressing this key locks the front panel keys so as to prevent accidental frequency change. The LOCK key itself, though, will never be disabled. MAIN DIAL This is the main tuning dial for the transceiver. It is used both for frequency tuning as well as "Menu" setting in the transceiver. Liquid Crystal Display The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) provides indication of the operating frequency and other aspects of transceiver status. 22 FT-857 Operating Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MIC Jack Connect the supplied MH-31A8J Hand Microphone to this jack. SP-PH Switch If you use earphones with this transceiver, move this switch to the "PH" position before inserting the earphone plug into the SP/PH Jack, to prevent injury your ears. METER Jack This 3.5-mm 2-pin jack is used for connection to an analog meter (not produced by Vertex Standard). Please refer to the MENU, No-060 and No-061. SIGNAL GND SP/PH Jack This 3.5-mm, 2-pin jack provides variable audio output for an external speaker (4 W ~ 16 W impedance) or earphones. The audio level varies SIGNAL GND according to the setting of the front panel's AF knob. Important Note: When you insert an earphone plug into this jack, the SP-PH slide switch (located on the back side of front panel) MUST BE set to the "PH" position, to prevent the possibility of injury to your ears. CONTROL Jack MAIN BODY (FRONT) CONTROL Jack PH SP FRONT PANEL (BACK) FT-857 Operating Manual 23 FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL The [A], [B ], and [C] keys select many of the most important operating features of the transceiver. When you press the [FUNC] key, then rotate the SELECT knob, the current function of that key will appear above each of the [A] , [ B], and [ C] keys (along the bottom of the LCD). You may scroll the display through 17 rows of functions available for use via the [A], [B], and [C] keys. SELECT [FUNC ] [ A] [B] [ C] DIAL Multi Function Row "a" (MFa ) [A/B, A=B, SPL] [A] Key: A/B Press the [A](A/B) key to switch between VFO-A and VFO-B on the display. [B] Key: A=B Press the [B](A=B) key to copy the contents of Main VFO to be copied into the Sub VFO, so that the two VFOs' contents will be identical. [C] Key: SPL Press the [C]( SPL) key to activate Split frequency operation between VFO-A and VFO-B. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "b" (MFb) [MW, SKIP, TAG] [A] Key: MW Press this key momentarily to enable the "Memory Check" mode, to allow selection of an empty memory channel prior to frequency storage. Press and hold in the [A](MW) key for one second to transfer the contents of the VFO into the selected Memory register. [B] Key: SKIP Press the [ B](SKIP ) key to designate the current Memory channel to be "skipped" during scanning. [C] Key: TAG Press the [C ]( TAG) key to select the display type (Frequency or Alpha-numeric Tag) during Memory operation. Press and hold in this key for one second, while on a recalled channel, to open Menu No.056, for quick programming of an Alphanumeric Tag. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô 24 FT-857 Operating Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL Multi Function Row "c" (MFc) [STO, RCL, PROC] [A] Key: STO Press the [A](STO) key to store the contents of the VFO into the QMB (Quick Memory Bank) register. [B] Key: RCL Press the [B](RCL ) key to recall the QMB Memory. [C] Key: PROC Press the [C](PROC ) key to activate the speech processor for SSB and AM transmission. Press and hold in the [ C]( PROC ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-074 [PROC LEVEL] (for setting the compression level of the AF Speech Processor). Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "d" (MFd) [RPT, REV, VOX] [A] Key: RPT Press the [A](RPT ) key to select the direction of the uplink frequency shift (+, ­ or simplex) during FM repeater operation. Press and hold in the [ A]( RPT ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-076 [RPT SHIFT ] (for setting the shift frequency offset). [B] Key: REV Press the [B]( REV ) key to reverse the transmit and receive frequencies while working through a repeater. [C] Key: VOX Press the [C]( VOX) key enable the VOX (voice-operated transmitter switching system) in the SSB, AM, and FM modes. Press and hold in the [ C ]( VOX ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-088 [VOX GAIN ] (for setting the VOX gain level). Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô FT-857 Operating Manual 25 FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL Multi Function Row "e" (MFe) [TON, ­ ­ ­, TDCH] ([ENC, DEC, TDCH]) [A] Key: TON/ENC Press the [A]( TON) key to activate CTCSS or DCS operation on FM. When the Split Tone feature is activated via Menu Mode No-079 [SPLIT TONE ], this key function changes to "ENC" for activation of the CTCSS Encoder or DCS Encoder. Press the [A](ENC) key to activate the encoder. Press and hold in the [A](TON/ENC ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-083 [TONE FREQ ] (for selecting the CTCSS tone frequency). [B] Key: ­ ­ ­/DEC Normally, this key does nothing. When the Split Tone feature is activated via Menu Mode No-079 [SPLIT TONE], this key function changes to "DEC" to engage the DCS or CTCSS Decoder. Press the [B](DEC ) key to activate the decoder. Press and hold in the [B]( DEC ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-033 [DCS CODE] (for selecting the DCS code). [C] Key: TDCH Press the [C ](TDCH ) key to initiate CTCSS Tone or DCS Search. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "f" (MFf) [ARTS, SRCH, PMS] [A] Key: ARTS Press the [A](ARTS) key to initiate the Auto-Range Transponder mode. Press and hold in the [A](ARTS ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-008 [ARTS BEEP] (for selecting the ARTS "Beep" option). [B] Key: SRCH Press the [B]( SRCH ) key to activate the Smart Search feature. Press the [B](SRCH) key to initiate Smart Search scanning. [C] Key: PMS Press the [C]( PMS) key to activate the Programmable Memory Scan feature (programmable sub-band limits for tuning or scanning). Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "g" (MFg ) [SCN, PRI, DW] [A] Key: SCN Press the [A](SCN) key to initiate Scanning (in the direction of higher frequencies). [B] Key: PRI Press the [B](PRI ) key to activate the Priority Scan feature. [C] Key: DW Press the [C]( DW ) key to activate the Dual Watch feature. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô 26 FT-857 Operating Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL Multi Function Row "h" (MFh) [SCOP, WID, STEP] [A] Key: SCOP Press the [A](SCOP) key to activate the Spectrum Scope Monitor feature. Press and hold in the [ A]( SCOP ) key for one second to initiate the Spectrum Scope. [B] Key: WID Press the [ B]( WID) key to select the visible bandwidth for the Spectrum Scope Monitor. Press and hold in the [B](WID) key for one second to select the operating mode for the Spectrum Scope Monitor. [C] Key: STEP Press the [C](STEP) key to select the channel steps for Spectrum Scope Monitor. Press and hold in the [C ]( STEP ) key for one second to activate the MAX HOLD feature, which will display and hold the peak signal strength level for each channel. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "i" (MFi) [MTR, ­ ­ ­, DISP] [A] Key: MTR Pressing the [A](MTR) key repeatedly allows selection of the display function of the meter in the transmit mode. PWR à ALC à SWR à MOD à PWR ...... The selected function will appear above the [B] key. Press and hold in the [A]( MTR ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-062 [MTR PEAK HOLD] (for setting the "peak-Hold" function of the meter). [B] Key Pressing the [B] key repeatedly allows selection of the display function of the meter in the transmit mode. PWR à MOD à SWR à ALC à PWR ...... [C] Key: DISP Press the [C](DISP) key to switch the display between the Large Character and Small Character modes. In the "Large Character" mode, the VFO/Memory label and the Mode indication will disappear, as the frequency display field is doubled in size. Press and hold in the [C ]( DISP ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-043 [DISP INTENSITY] (for setting of the display brightness level). Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô FT-857 Operating Manual 27 FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL Multi Function Row "j" (MFj) [SPOT, BK, KYR ] [A] Key: SPOT Press the [A]( SPOT) key to activate the CW spotting heterodyne oscillator. [B] Key: BK Press the [ B](BK) key to enable CW "Semi-break-in" operation. Press and hold in the [B](BK) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-029 [CW SIDE TONE] (for setting the CW side tone volume level). [C] Key: KYR Press the [C]( KYR ) key to activate the built-in Electronic Keyer. Press and hold in the [ C]( KYR ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-030 [CW SPEED ] (for setting the Keyer speed). Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "k" (MFk) [TUNE, DOWN, UP] [A] Key: TUNE Press the [A](TUNE ) key to activate the optional FC-30 Automatic Antenna Tuner or ATAS-100/-120 Active-Tuning Antenna System. Press and hold in the [ A](TUNE ) key for one second to initiate tuner or antenna retuning. [B] Key: DOWN Press and hold in the [B](DOWN) key to lower the ATAS-100/-120 antenna manually. [C] Key: UP Press and hold in the [ C]( UP ) key to raise the ATAS-100/-120 antenna manually. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "l" (MFl) [NB, AGC, ­ ­ ­] [A] Key: NB Press the [A](NB ) key to activate the receiver's IF Noise Blanker. Press and hold in the [A](NB) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-063 [NB LEVEL] (for setting of the NB level). [B] Key: AGC Press the [ B]( AGC ) key to disable the receiver's AGC system. Normally, the AGC should be left On. [C] Key Press the [C] key to select the recovery time (Slow, Fast, or Auto) for the receiver's AGC system. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô 28 FT-857 Operating Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL Multi Function Row "m" (MFm) [IPO, ATT, NAR] [A] Key: IPO Press the [ A]( IPO ) key to bypass the receiver preamplifier, thereby activating Intercept Point Optimization for improved overload characteristics while operating on the HF and 50 MHz bands. The IPO feature does not function on 144/430 MHz. [B] Key: ATT Press the [ B]( ATT) key to engage the receiver front-end attenuator, which will reduce all signals and noise by approximately 10 dB. The ATT feature does not function on 144/430 MHz. [C] Key: NAR Press the [C](NAR ) key to select the low-deviation mode for HF FM operation on 29 MHz. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "n" (MFn) [CFIL,­ ­ ­,­ ­ ­] [A] Key: CFIL Press the [A](CFIL) key to select the 2.4 kHz ceramic IF filter. [B] Key Press the [B] key to select the optional IF filter which is located on the "FIL-1" (Optional Filter 1) slot on the Main Unit. When an optional filter is not installed on the "FIL-1" slot, this key function is disabled, and its label is "N/A." [C] Key Press the [C] key to select the optional IF filter which is located on the "FIL-2" (Optional Filter 2) slot on the Main Unit. When an optional filter is not installed on the "FIL-2" slot, this key function is disabled, and its label is "N/A." Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "o" (MFo) [PLY1, PLY2, PLY3] [A] Key: PLY1 Press the [ A]( PLY1 ) key to send the CW message which is memorized in Keyer BEACON TEXT 1. Press and hold in the [A]( PLY1 ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-011 [BEACON TEXT 1] (for stores the message for the Beacon). [B] Key: PLY2 Press the [ B]( PLY2 ) key to send the CW message which is memorized in Keyer BEACON TEXT 2. [C] Key: PLY3 Press the [ C]( PLY3) key to send the CW message which is memorized in Keyer BEACON TEXT 3. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô FT-857 Operating Manual 29 FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES MULTI FUNCTION KEY DETAIL Multi Function Row "p" (MFp) [DNR, DNF, DBF] [A] Key: DNR Press the [A](DNR ) key to activate the DSP Noise Reduction system (requires the optional DSP-2 Unit). Press and hold in the [A]( DNR ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-049 [DSP NR LEVEL] (for setting the degree of DSP Noise Reduction). [B] Key: DNF Press the [B](DNF) key to activate the DSP's Auto Notch Filter (requires the optional DSP-2 Unit). [C] Key: DBF Press the [C](DBF) key to activate the DSP's receiver Bandpass Filter (requires the optional DSP-2 Unit). In the SSB, AM, FM, and AFSK modes, press and hold in the [C](DBF ) key for one second to recall Menu Mode No-047 [DSP LPF CUTOFF] (for adjusting the high-frequency cutoff of the DSP Bandpass Filter). Once there, rotating the SELECT knob one click counter-clockwise will select Menu Mode No-046, for adjustment of the low-frequency cutoff frequency. In the CW mode, press and hold in the [C]( DBF) key for one second to recall Menu Item No-045 [DSP BPF WIDTH] (for setting the CW bandwidth). Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô Multi Function Row "q" (MFq) [MONI, QSPL, ATC] (Programmable Keys) [A] Key: MONI Press the [A](MONI) key to disable the Noise Squelch. You may program the configuration of this key via Menu Item No065 [PG A ]. [B] Key: QSPL Press the [B](QSPL) key to activate the "Quick Split" feature, whereby you will change the Sub VFO frequency to be the Main VFO frequency + 5 kHz; you will also automatically engage the "Split VFO" feature. You may program the configuration of this key via Menu Item No066 [PG B ]. [C] Key: ATC Press the [C](ATC ) key to activate a 1750-Hz burst tone for 2 seconds when pressing the PTT switch while the channel is clear. You may program the configuration of this key via Menu Item No067 [PG C ]. Ó [A] Ó [B ] Ó [C ] ô 30 FT-857 Operating Manual FRONT PANEL CONTROL & SWITCHES NOTE FT-857 Operating Manual 31 REAR PANEL CONNECTORS INPUT Jack This is the DC power supply connection for the transceiver. Use the supplied DC cable to connect this jack to the car battery or DC power supply, which must be capable of supplying at least 22 Amps @ 13.8 VDC. Make certain that the Red lead connects to the Positive (+) side of the power source, and that the Black BATT SENS lead connects to the Negative (­) side of the power source. This Jack also provides an Transmit Power Control terminal. If you connect pin-3 (BATT SENS) of the DC power jack to the ground, the FT-857 automatically switches to 20 Watts (430 MHz: 10 Watts) of output power. CAT/LINEAR Jack This 8-pin mini-DIN jack is used for connection to the FC-30 External Automatic AnRESET BAND D tenna Tuner. It is also used for interfacing to a personal computer for TX INH BAND DATA TX INH BAND C control of the transceiver using the RX D GND BAND B GND CAT system, and for interconnecTX D BAND A +13.8V TX GND +13.8V tion to the VL-1000 Linear Ampli- TX GND LINEAR CAT/TUNER fier. 32 FT-857 Operating Manual REAR PANEL CONNECTORS DATA Jack This 6-pin, mini-DIN jack accepts AFSK input from a Terminal Node Controller (TNC); it also provides fixed-level Receiver Audio Output, Push-To-Talk (PTT), Squelch Status, and ground lines. SQL DATA OUT 9600bps GND DATA OUT 1200bps PTT DATA IN DATA ACC Jack This 3.5-mm 3-pin jack accepts external ALC (Automatic Level Control) voltage from a linear amplifier on the tip connection, and accepts a "Transmit Request" command on the ring connection. The main shaft is the ground return. The "TX Request" connection, when shorted to ground, puts the FT857 into the transmit mode, and sends out a steady CW carrier, for EXT ALC GND TX REQ linear amplifier or manual antenna tuner adjustment. KEY Jack This 3.5-mm, 3-pin jack is used for connection to a CW keyer paddle or a straight key. EXT SPKR Jack This 3.5-mm, 2-pin jack provides variable audio output for an external speaker. The audio output impedance at this jack is 4 W ~ 16 W and the level varies according to the setting of the front panel's AF control. SIGNAL GND 144/430 MHz Antenna Jack Connect your 144 and/or 430 MHz antenna's 50 W coaxial cable to this M-type ("SO239") connector. HF/50 MHz Antenna Jack Connect your HF and/or 50 MHz antenna's 50 W coaxial cable to this M-type ("SO239") connector. KEY GND KEY DOT DOT DASH COMMON GND DASH COMMON FT-857 Operating Manual 33 OPERATION Hi! I'm R.F. Radio, and I'm here to guide you through the fine points of the setup and use of your new FT-857. I know you're anxious to get on the air, but I encourage you to read the "Operation" section of this manual as thoroughly as possible, so you'll get the most out of this fantastic new rig. Now. . .let's get operating! TURNING THE TRANSCEIVER ON AND OFF r To turn the transceiver on, press and hold in the POWER switch for one second. r To turn the transceiver off, again press and hold in the POWER switch for one second. POWER OPERATING BAND SELECTION This transceiver covers an incredibly wide frequency range, over which a number of different operating modes are used. Therefore, this transceiver's frequency coverage has been divided into different operating bands, each of with has its own pre-set frequency steps and operating modes. You can change the channel steps and operating mode once you get started, of course, per the next section. [ BAND( UP )] To change the frequency band, press either the [BAND( DWN)] or [BAND(UP)] key to move to the next lower or higher operating band, respectively. VFOa and VFOb are independent VFOs, so they may be set to different bands. See the "Stacked VFO System" discussion on page 37 for details. [ BAND ( DWN )] MODE SELECTION Press either the [MODE(t)] or [MODE(u)] key to move among the eight settings for the operating modes, respectively. ..... LSB ó USB ó CW ó CWR ó AM ó FM ó DIG ó PKT ó LSB ..... where "CWR" is "CW-Reverse," using the opposite sideband from the "default" BFO injection sideband (in most cases, the default injection sideband is on the "USB" side); "DIG" is an AFSK-based Digital mode, set up per Menu Mode No-038 [DIG MODE]; and "PKT" represents either 1200 or 9600 bps FM packet. [ MODE ( )] [( ) MODE ] You can set VFOa and VFOb to different modes in the same band, allowing you to have a "Phone" VFO and a "CW" VFO, for example. 34 FT-857 Operating Manual OPERATION ADJUSTING THE AUDIO VOLUME LEVEL Rotate the AF knob to set a comfortable listening level. When operating in the "DIG" or "PKT" modes, you may set the AF knob to any comfortable setting, or even all the way off, because the output from the DATA jack is a fixed-level audio signal. Start with the AF knob set fully counter-clockwise, especially when using FM (the background noise on FM can be surprisingly loud)! AF MENU QUICK START Many aspects of this transceiver's configuration may be customized using the convenient "Menu" system, which allow you to configure many "set and forget" settings just the way you want to. A full discussion of the Menu system begins on page 94; for now, here is a brief discussion on how to change Menu settings: 1. Press and hold in the [FUNC] key for one second SELECT to enter the Menu mode. 2. Rotate the SELECT knob to recall the Menu Item to be changed (for example, Menu Mode No-005 [AM MIC GAIN], which allows setting of the Mic Gain for the AM mode). [FUNC ] DIAL 3. Rotate the DIAL knob to set this feature (in this example, the default setting is "50," so rotate the DIAL knob if you want to raise or lower the Mic Gain level. 4. Press and hold in the [ FUNC ] key for one second to save the new setting and exit to normal operation. If you had previously pressed the [FUNC] key to enable the changing of the function of the Multi Function keys ( [A], [B], and [C] ) by the SELECT knob, you'll need to press it again after exiting the Menu mode. FT-857 Operating Manual 35 OPERATION ADJUSTING THE RF GAIN AND SQUELCH The SQL/RF Gain control is configured differently, SQL/RF depending on the country to which the FT-857 has been exported. In the U.S. version, the default function of this control is "RF Gain." The configuration of the SQL/RF Gain control is set via Menu Mode No-080 [SQL/RF GAIN ]; see page 110 for details. If your transceiver is configured for "RF Gain" use, rotating this control fully clockwise in the SSB/CW/Digital modes will provide best sensitivity. To reduce the receiver's RF Gain somewhat, rotate this control counter-clockwise slightly. You will observe an increasing number of bars on the S-meter as you rotate the RF Gain control counter-clockwise; this indicates increasing AGC voltage, which is causing the front-end gain to be reduced. In the FM and Packet modes, this control will automatically be set to "Squelch," even though the setting of Menu Mode No-080 [SQL/RF GAIN ] is "RF Gain." If this control is configured for "SQL" operation, the FT-857's RF Gain will be set for maximum sensitivity in all modes, and the SQL/RF Gain control will function solely as a Squelch control. In this case, rotate the SQL/RF Gain control to the point where the background noise is just silenced; this will provide the best sensitivity to weak signals, while keeping the receiver quiet when no signal is received. The LED just above the Main DIAL will glow Green when the squelch is opened by an incoming signal or noise. SETTING THE OPERATING FREQUENCY 1. In the "SSB/CW/DIG" modes, rotate the DIAL knob to set the frequency. Clockwise rotation of the DIAL increases the operating frequency. 2. In the "AM/FM/PKT" modes, rotate the SELECT knob to set the frequency. Clockwise rotation of the SELECT knob increases the operating freSELECT DIAL quency. 3. You may also use the SELECT knob to adjust the operating frequency in the "SSB/CW/ DIG" modes. The SELECT knob provides faster tuning, ideal for making quick changes in frequency when you want to move across the band in a hurry. You can then use the DIAL knob to make fine frequency adjustments. The synthesizer steps for the SELECT knob may be adjusted independently by mode. Use Menu Mode No-006 [AM STEP] for AM, No-052 [FM STEP] for FM, and No-082 [SSB STEP] for SSB/CW/DIG. See pages 97, 105, and 110 for details. If you press the SELECT knob momentarily, then rotate the SELECT knob, you can now 36 FT-857 Operating Manual OPERATION change the operating frequency in 1 MHz steps, allowing very quick frequency excursions. This can be particularly helpful on the VHF and UHF bands. In step 2 above, it was mentioned that tuning in the "AM/FM/PKT" modes is accomplished using the SELECT knob. By default, the DIAL is disabled in these modes; if you wish to enable the DIAL in these modes, use Menu Mode No-004 [AM&FM DIAL]; see page 97. The main DIAL synthesizer's tuning rate (the number of steps per rotation of the DIAL) can be adjusted using Menu Mode No-035 [DIAL STEP]. See page 102 for details. CHANGING THE DIAL SPEED By default, the FT-857 begins operation in the "fine tuning" mode for the main tuning dial. However, a faster tuning rate may be selected, for quick navigation up and down the band. To engage the "Fast Tuning" mode, just press the POWER switch momentarily while the transceiver is on. You will observe a small " " icon in POWER the bottom right-hand corner of the LCD, and as you rotate the main tuning dial you will notice that the tuning rate has increased significantly. Press the POWER switch momentarily once more to return to the "Slow Tuning" mode (the small " " will disappear). STACKED VFO SYSTEM Press the [FUNC] key momentarily, then rotate the SELECT knob, as needed, until Multi Function Row "a" [A/B, A=B, SPL] appears on the display. Now press the [A](A/B) key to toggle between the "A" and "B" VFOs. There are two such VFOs provided on each Amateur band, so you may set VFO-A to the CW sub-band, and VFO-B to the SSB sub-band, if you like. The operating mode will be preserved, along with the frequency information, on each VFO. When changing bands on either the "A" or "B" VFO, the two VFOs do not change bands together. This facilitates split-band operation, such as on FM satellites. FT-857 Operating Manual 37